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For a subset S of a ring R, an element a is said to have left S-element stable range 1 if whenever Ra + Rb = R there exists r ∈ S such that a + rb is a unit. When S = R (.resp., S = U (R) and S = idem (R) )., this is the notion of left stable range 1 (.resp., left unit-1 stable range and left idempotent stable range 1). This article is concerned with S = nil (R) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypercyclic rings are those rings over which cyclic modules have cyclic injective hulls. Such rings were introduced by Caldwell in 1966 and studied by him and Osofsky in 1968. In this paper, we revisit Osofsky's work on hypercyclic rings, highlighting some of her results and questions on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental disclosure is a crucial method for companies to demonstrate their environmental efforts. However, in some institutional contexts, companies may be inclined to "greenwash" their environmental disclosures, strategically seeking social rewards. Anchored on impression management theory, this study delves into the relationship between environmental disclosure and corporate value. The research substantiates the premium effect of environmental information while shedding light on the adverse impact of "environmental disclosure greenwashing" (EDG) on corporate value. Moreover, EDG leads to a further devaluation in the premium effect of environmental information. A more profound analysis reveals that the market trust acts as the mediating mechanism in the premium devaluation effect caused by EDG. Notably, when information user capability and media attention are scrutinized as distinct groups, the impact of EDG displays pronounced heterogeneity. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for verifying the authenticity of corporate environmental disclosures. Additionally, they offer valuable policy insights for rectifying EDG practices and enhancing environmental disclosure mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unit-picker is a map that associates to every ring R a well-defined set (R) of central units in R which contains 1 R , is invariant under isomorphisms of rings, is closed under taking inverses, and which satisfies certain set containment conditions for quotient rings, corner rings and matrix rings. Let be a unit-picker. A ring R is called U U if U (R) = (R) + nil (R) and U J if U (R) = (R) + J (R) and U N J if U (R) = (R) + nil (R) + J (R). An extensive study of these rings is conducted, and their connections with strongly nil -clean rings and semi -Boolean rings are investigated. When is specified, known results of U U -rings, U J -rings and U N J -rings are obtained and new results are proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rings whose every element is uniquely clean are completely characterized in Nicholson and Zhou (Glasg Math J 46(2):227–236, 2004). These rings belong to a larger class of rings for which every clean element is uniquely clean. The latter is the topic of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a commutative ring, m>1 an integer and q>1 an odd number. The following questions are addressed: (1) when is every element in M n (R) and, respectively, in T n (R) a product of q-potents? (2) when is every element in M n (R) and, respectively, in T n (R) a product of mq-potents? and (3) when is every element in M n (R) and, respectively, in T n (R) a product of an idempotent and a q-potent? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green merger and acquisition (GMA) is becoming a growing tendency for heavily polluting enterprises in recent years; however, the realization path of green transformation through GMA is still unexplored. Taking 48 Chinese heavily polluting enterprises that had GMA in 2018 as the research object, this paper constructs the "M&A attributes, Organizational characteristics, and External environment" (M-O-E) framework, by using the method of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to reveal the configurations of conditions that lead to high levels of green innovation performance. The results show that the high green technology innovation performance after GMA of heavily polluting enterprises is the outcome of multiple antecedents, and no singular antecedent is sufficient for achieving it. Besides, there are three equivalent configurations of conditions to achieve green transformation: professional buyer, internal leading, and internal-external linkage. Among them, the professional buyer configuration highlights that the combination of M&A experience and M&A scale is of great importance, the internal leading configuration emphasizes that the existence of environmental awareness and organizational resources is the core conditions, and the internal-external linkage configuration requires simultaneous efforts of M&A experience and government environmental regulations. Our research contributes to the understanding of green transformation in heavily polluting enterprises from a configurational perspective, and provides a practice-oriented guide to achieve green transformation for the government and heavily polluting enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolic compounds have caused different degrees of negative impacts in aquatic environment. Amino acids, humic acids and carbohydrates are the three dominant types of dissolved natural organic matter (DNOM) in natural water bodies. In this research, the influences of dissolved natural organic matter (DNOM) on the adsorption behaviors of phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) in Weihe River suspended sediment were studied by using DL-alanine, fulvic acid and glucose as the representatives of the three types of DNOM. The results of batch adsorption experiments showed that, without DNOM, Langmuir and Freundlich had good fitting effects on the three phenolic compounds and their maximum adsorption capacities were 21.580, 27.768 and 24.758 mg/kg respectively. The presence of amino acids increased adsorption capacities of the phenol and TCP on suspended sediments by approximately 13.84% and 11.56% respectively. The existence of fulvic acid and glucose positively affected the adsorption of phenol, DCP and TCP on suspended sediment. The isothermal adsorption in the coexistence of different DNOM were more consistent with the nonlinear adsorption. Other influence factors including pH, ionic strength and temperature can influence the adsorption behavior to different extents. The impact of dissolved natural organic matter (DNOM) on adsorption should be fully considered when mastering environmental migration and transformation behaviors of phenolic compounds in water-sediments environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying whether and how merger and acquisition (M&A) goodwill influences corporate technology innovation is a critical topic in the context of growing M&A activities. Based on the panel data of 2,634 Chinese non-financial listed companies from 2007 to 2019, this paper adopts multiple linear regression and the Bootstrap method to investigate the impact of M&A goodwill on corporate technological innovation and the mechanism through which M&A goodwill affects technological innovation. The results show that: (1) There is a significant negative correlation between M&A goodwill and technological innovation input, with financial constraints acting as the main channels. (2) Non-private corporations enjoy a higher level of financing capacity in terms of debt and equity compared with private corporations, resulting in the absence of the disincentive effect of M&A goodwill on corporate technological innovation inputs, despite the fact that M&A activities also cause massive resource consumption. (3) Stock pledges by controlling shareholders are effective in alleviating the negative impact of M&A goodwill on technological innovation inputs. Furthermore, our results highlight that simple stock pledge measures capture a significant influence of alleviating financing constraints, thereby decreasing the adverse impact of M&A, and hence need to be adequately considered in future M&A and innovation studies. While enriching the literature on the economic consequences of M&A and the research on stock pledge, this paper also provides micro-evidence for an in-depth understanding of the effect of M&A goodwill on technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unit-picker is a map that associates to every ring R a well-defined set (R) of central units in R which contains 1 R and is invariant under isomorphisms of rings and closed under taking inverses, and which satisfies certain set containment conditions for quotient rings, corner rings and matrix rings. Let be a unit-picker. A ring R is called (strongly) nil -clean if for each a ∈ R , a = v e + b where v ∈ (R) , e 2 = e ∈ R and b ∈ R is nilpotent (and a b = b a). An extensive study of (strongly) nil -clean rings is conducted. When is specified, known results of the much-studied (strongly) nil-clean rings and weakly nil-clean rings are re-proved and new results of other nil-clean-like rings are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As introduced by Cǎlugǎreanu and Lam in [G. Cǎlugǎreanu and T. Y. Lam, Fine rings: a new class of simple rings, J. Algebra Appl.15(9) (2016) 1650173, 18 pp.], a fine ring is a ring whose every nonzero element is the sum of a unit and a nilpotent. As a natural generalization of fine rings, a ring is called a generalized fine ring if every element not in the Jacobson radical is the sum of a unit and a nilpotent. Here some known results on fine rings are extended to generalized fine rings. A notable result states that matrix rings over generalized fine rings are generalized fine, extending the important result in [G. Cǎlugǎreanu and T. Y. Lam, Fine rings: a new class of simple rings, J. Algebra Appl.15(9) (2016) 1650173, 18 pp.] that matrix rings over fine rings are fine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An idempotent in a ring is called fine (see G. Călugăreanu and T. Y. Lam, Fine rings: A new class of simple rings, J. Algebra Appl.15(9) (2016) 18) if it is a sum of a nilpotent and a unit. A ring is called an idempotent-fine ring (briefly, an I F ring) if all its nonzero idempotents are fine. In this paper, the properties of I F rings are studied. A notable result is proved: The diagonal idempotents E 1 1 + ⋯ + E i i (i = 1 , ... , n) are fine in the matrix ring ℳ n (R) for any unital ring R and any positive integer n. This yields many classes of rings over which matrix rings are I F. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nonzero sum of a unit and a nilpotent element in a ring is called a fine element. This is a study of rings in which every nonzero nilpotent is fine, which we call NF rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An element a in a ring R is left uniquely generated (or left UG) if, whenever Ra = Rb, a = ub for a unit u in R, and is left strongly UG if, whenever Ra = Rb, a = ub = bu for a unit u in R. A ring is a left UG (resp. left strongly UG) ring if each of its elements is left UG (resp. left strongly UG). Motivated by a result of Marks [15] that a (von Neumann) regular ring is left UG iff it is unit-regular, we establish characterizations of a regular left UG element and, respectively, a regular left strongly UG element. As applications, many notable consequences are presented and connections with commutativity of rings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ∗ -ring R is called a nil ∗ -clean ring if every element of R is a sum of a projection and a nilpotent. Nil ∗ -clean rings are the ∗ -version of nil-clean rings introduced by Diesl. This paper is about the nil ∗ -clean property of rings with emphasis on matrix rings. We show that a ∗ -ring R is nil ∗ -clean if and only if J (R) is nil and R / J (R) is nil ∗ -clean. For a 2-primal ∗ -ring R , with the induced involution given by (a i j ) ∗ = (a i j ∗) T , the nil ∗ -clean property of M n (R) is completely reduced to that of M n (Z 2). Consequently, M n (R) is not a nil ∗ -clean ring for n = 3 , 4 , and M 2 (R) is a nil ∗ -clean ring if and only if J (R) is nil, R / J (R) is a Boolean ring and a ∗ − a ∈ J (R) for all a ∈ R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain malignancy with limited treatment options. EphA2 is a tumor-associated-antigen overexpressed in glioblastoma. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the promise of EphA2-redirected CAR T-cells against glioblastoma. We conduct the first-in-human trial of EphA2-redirected CAR T-cells in patients with EphA2-positive recurrent glioblastoma and report the results of three patients enrolled as the first cohort receiving the starting dosage (1×106 cells/kg). A single infusion of EphA2-redirected CAR T-cells was administrated intravenously, with the lymphodepletion regimen consisting of fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide. In two patients, there was grade 2 cytokine release syndrome accompanied by pulmonary edema, which resolved completely with dexamethasone medication. Except that, there was no other organ toxicity including neurotoxicity. In both the peripheral blood and cerebral-spinal-fluid, we observed the expansion of CAR T-cells which persisted for more than four weeks. In one patient, there was a transit diminishment of the tumor. Among these three patients, one patient reported SD and two patients reported PD, with overall survival ranging from 86 to 181 days. At the tested dose level (1×106 cells/kg), intravenously infusion of EphA2-rediretected CAR T-cells were preliminary tolerable with transient clinical efficacy. Future study with adjusted dose and infusion frequency of CAR T-cells is warranted. Trial Registration Numbers: NCT 03423992 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recall that a ring satisfies the 2-sum property if each of its elements is a sum of two units. Here a ring R is said to satisfy the binary 2-sum property if, for any a, b in R, there exists a unit u of R such that both a - u and b - u are units. A well-known result, due to Goldsmith, Pabst and Scot, states that a semilocal ring satisfies the 2-sum property iff it has no image isomorphic to Z 2 . It is proved here that a semilocal ring satisfies the binary 2-sum property iff it has no image isomorphic to Z 2 or Z 3 or M 2 (Z 2) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An element a in a ring R is left annihilator-stable (or left AS) if, whenever Ra + l(b) = R with b ∈ R, a−u ∈ l(b) for a unit u in R, and the ring R is a left AS ring if each of its elements is left AS. In this paper, we show that the left AS elements in a ring form a multiplicatively closed set, giving an affirmative answer to a question of Nicholson [J. Pure Appl. Alg.221 (2017), 2557–2572.]. This result is used to obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a formal triangular matrix ring to be left AS. As an application, we provide examples of left AS rings R over which the triangular matrix rings Tn(R) are not left AS for all n ≥ 2. These examples give a negative answer to another question of Nicholson [J. Pure Appl. Alg.221 (2017), 2557–2572.] whether R/J(R) being left AS implies that R is left AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give the necessary and sufficient conditions for an n × n matrix over an integral domain to be a sum of involutions and, respectively, a sum of tripotents. We determine the integral domains over which every n × n matrix is a sum of involutions and, respectively, a sum of tripotents. We further determine the commutative reduced rings over which every n × n matrix is a sum of two tripotents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ring is said to satisfy the strong 2-sum property if every element is a sum of two commuting units. In this note, we present some sufficient or necessary conditions for the matrix ring over a commutative local ring to have the strong 2-sum property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large volume (more than 4.0 million m3) of treated construction and demolition waste (CDW) is planned to be used in the construction of the Xi'an-Xianyang north loop line freeway in West China. These CDW were preliminarily separated into broken concretes, bricks, and porcelains in the treatment plants. In this study, a total of 190 CDW samples including 80 concretes, 80 bricks, 20 porcelains, and 10 mixed samples were collected from five treatment plants. Five farmland soil samples near treatment plants were collected as controls. The contents of 10 elements including cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), silver (Ag), and mercury (Hg) in these samples were measured. The contents of 8 elements (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, Mn, Ag, and Hg) in all CDW samples were qualified for the third-level criterion of the Standard of Soil Environment (GB15618-2008). However, Cd contents in 37 concretes, 34 bricks, 6 porcelain samples, and 4 mixed CDW samples exceeded the national third-level standards (1 mg/kg) in GB15618-2008. And As contents in 28 concretes, 21 bricks, 5 porcelain samples, and 3 mixed CDW samples were higher than the national third-level standards (40 mg/kg). The total exceeding standard rates (ESRs) of Cd and As were 42.6% and 30%, respectively. The leaching tests for Cd and As were also done due to their higher ESRs. The results showed that the release amounts (μg/kg) of Cd and As from CDW were increased with increasing liquid to solid ratio (0.4–10 l/kg) but decreased with increasing pH (4–7). The leached concentrations of Cd and As from four types of CDW samples were both in a descending order: brick, mixed materials, concrete, and porcelain. The measured concentrations (μg/L) of Cd and As in leachate were all lower than second-grade criteria of Standard for Groundwater Quality (GB3838-2002). By comparing the leached concentrations of Cd and As with the value in European criteria (EU Council Decision 2003/33/EC) for hazardous wastes, all the CDW samples should be classified as inert or non-hazardous wastes. Thus, it could be concluded that heavy metals in these CDW would not pollute surrounding soil, surface water, and groundwater environment when applied in freeway construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neomorphic IDH1 mutations disrupt the redox balance by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the mechanism by which IDH1-mutant cells maintain ROS homeostasis remains elusive. It is also not known whether reprogrammed ROS homeostasis establishes targetable vulnerability in IDH1-mutated cancers.Methods: We investigated ROS homeostasis in wild-type (GSC827, GSC923, GSC627, and GSC711) and IDH1-mutated cells (IDH1R132C- and IDH1R132H-transduced U87, U251; MGG152, and TS603 cells). We analyzed the stability and transcriptional activity of NRF2 in IDH1-mutated cells. The oxidative DNA damage was analyzed using NRF2-targeting small interfering RNA. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of the NRF2 inhibitor brusatol in an IDH1-mutated subcutaneous xenograft nude mouse model (control group, n = 5; brusatol-treated group, n = 6). All statistical tests were two-sided.Results: We showed that IDH1-mutated cells develop a dependency on the NRF2 antioxidative pathway. Genetic or pharmacologic blockade of NRF2 not only disrupted ROS homeostasis (mean [SD] ROS levels increased by 317 [42.1]%, P = .001, in IDH1R132C and by 286. 5 [48.7]%, P = .003, in IDH1R132H cells) but also enhanced oxidative DNA damage and decreased proliferation of IDH1-mutated cells. Brusatol selectively suppressed IDH1-mutated cancer progression in vivo (mean [SD] final tumor volume was 761.6 [391.6] mm3 in the control and 246.2 [215] mm3 in the brusatol-treated group, P = .02).Conclusions: IDH1 mutation reprograms ROS homeostasis in cancer cells, which leads to dependency on the NRF2 antioxidant pathway for ROS scavenging. NRF2 blockade might be a novel therapeutic approach to treat malignancies with IDH1 mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chordoma, a malignant bone cancer, is highly resistant to conventional therapeutic approaches; this greatly limits radio- and chemotherapeutic options and disease management. In the present study, we investigated three patient-derived chordoma cell lines to elucidate the molecular mechanism of resistance to therapeutics. An in vitro high-throughput chemical screening assay and an in vivo xenograft model were used to identify novel chemosensitizers for chordoma. We found that patient-derived chordoma cell lines recapitulated disease phenotypes, which were highlighted by robust resistance to medical therapy manifested as lack of DNA damage accumulation. Mechanistically, the PARP DNA repair pathway was found to play a central role in this resistance. Chemical screening confirmed that PARP inhibitors could strikingly enhance temozolomide (TMZ) therapy in chordoma cells. Combining the FDA-approved PARP inhibitor, olaparib, with chemotherapeutics not only potentiated DNA damage accumulation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in vitro but also suppressed chordoma xenograft expansion in vivo. We conclude that combining PARP inhibition with TMZ could be an effective therapeutic approach for the clinical management of chordoma. Key messages: The PARP DNA repair pathway enhances chemoresistance in chordoma cells. Combining PARP inhibitors with genotoxic agents induces chordoma cell cytotoxicity. PARP inhibitor combining with temozolomide suppresses growth of chordoma in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An element in a ring is clean (or, unit-regular) if it is the sum (or, the product) of an idempotent and a unit, and is nil-clean if it is the sum of an idempotent and a nilpotent. Firstly, we show that Jacobson's lemma does not hold for nil-clean elements in a ring, answering a question posed by Koşan, Wang and Zhou (2016). Secondly, we present new counter-examples to Diesl's question whether a nil-clean element is clean in a ring. Lastly, we give new examples of unit-regular elements that are not clean in a ring. The rings under consideration in our examples are particular subrings of . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by Hirano-Tominaga's work on rings for which every element is a sum of two idempotents and by de Seguins Pazzis's results on decomposing every matrix over a field of positive characteristic as a sum of idempotent matrices, we address decomposing every matrix over a commutative ring as a sum of three idempotent matrices and, respectively, as a sum of three involutive matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A submodule N of a module M is δ-small in M if N+X≠M for any proper submodule X of M with M∕X singular. A projective δ-cover of a module M is a projective module P with an epimorphism to M whose kernel is δ-small in P. A module M is called δ-semiperfect if every factor module of M has a projective δ-cover. In this paper, we prove various properties, including a structure theorem and several characterizations, for δ-semiperfect modules. Our proofs can be adapted to generalize several results of Mares [8] and Nicholson [11] from projective semiperfect modules to arbitrary semiperfect modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is proved that a semiperfect module is lifting if and only if it has a projective cover preserving direct summands. Three corollaries are obtained: (1) every cyclic module over a ring R is lifting if and only if every cyclic R-module has a projective cover preserving direct summands; (2) a ring R is artinian serial with Jacobson radical square-zero if and only if every (2-generated) R-module has a projective cover preserving direct summands; (3) a ring R is a right (semi-)perfect ring if and only if (cyclic) lifting R-module has a projective cover preserving direct summands, if and only if every (cyclic) R-module having a projective cover preserving direct summands is lifting. It is also proved that every cyclic module over a ring R is ⊕-supplemented if and only if every cyclic R-module is a direct sum of local modules. Consequently, a ring R is artinian serial if and only if every left and right R-module is a direct sum of local modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a ring with identity. The unitary Cayley graph of R is the simple graph with vertex set R , where two distinct vertices x and y are linked by an edge if and only if x − y is a unit of R. A graph is said to be planar if it can be drawn on the plane in such a way that its edges intersect only at their endpoints. In this paper, we completely characterize the rings whose unitary Cayley graphs are planar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We completely determine the rings for which every element is a sum of a nilpotent, an idempotent and a tripotent that commute with one another, and the rings for which every element is a sum of a nilpotent and two tripotents that commute with one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a study of rings whose cyclic modules are -modules with applications to rings whose cyclics are quasi-discrete and, respectively, discrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A module is called a -module if, whenever and are submodules of with and is a homomorphism with , we have . The class of -modules contains the -modules as well as the dual-square-free (DSF) modules. Furthermore, a -module is called pseudo-discrete if is also a lifting module. In this paper, we study the -, the DSF, and the pseudo-discrete modules, and show that a pseudo-discrete module is clean iff it has the finite exchange property iff it has the full exchange property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ring is called clean if every element is a sum of a unit and an idempotent, while a ring is said to be weakly clean if every element is either a sum or a difference of a unit and an idempotent. Commutative weakly clean rings were first discussed by Anderson and Camillo [2] and were extensively investigated by Ahn and Anderson [1], motivated by the work on clean rings. In this paper, weakly clean rings are further discussed with an emphasis on their relations with clean rings. This work shows new interesting connections between weakly clean rings and clean rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An element of a ring is nil-clean, if , where and is a nilpotent element, and the ring is called nil-clean if each of its elements is nil-clean. In [W. Wm. McGovern, S. Raja and A. Sharp, Commutative nil clean group rings, J. Algebra Appl. 14(6) (2015) 5; Article ID: 1550094], it was proved that, for a commutative ring and an abelian group , the group ring is nil-clean, iff is nil-clean and is a -group. Here, we discuss the nil-cleanness of group rings in general situation. We prove that the group ring of a locally finite -group over a nil-clean ring is nil-clean, and that the hypercenter of the group must be a -group if a group ring of is nil-clean. Consequently, the group ring of a nilpotent group over an arbitrary ring is nil-clean, iff the ring is a nil-clean ring and the group is a -group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The development of glioma therapy in clinical practice (e.g., gene therapy) calls for efficiently visualizing and tracking glioma cells in vivo. Human ferritin heavy chain is a novel gene reporter in magnetic resonance imaging. This study proposes hFTH as a reporter gene for MR molecular imaging in glioma xenografts. Methods: Rat C6 glioma cells were infected by packaged lentivirus carrying hFTH and EGFP genes and obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The iron-loaded ability was analyzed by the total iron reagent kit. Glioma nude mouse models were established subcutaneously and intracranially. Then, in vivo tumor bioluminescence was performed via the IVIS spectrum imaging system. The MR imaging analysis was analyzed on a 7T animal MRI scanner. Finally, the expression of hFTH was analyzed by western blotting and histological analysis. Results: Stable glioma cells carrying hFTH and EGFP reporter genes were successfully obtained. The intracellular iron concentration was increased without impairing the cell proliferation rate. Glioma cells overexpressing hFTH showed significantly decreased signal intensity on T-weighted MRI both in vitro and in vivo. EGFP fluorescent imaging could also be detected in the subcutaneous and intracranial glioma xenografts. Moreover, the expression of the transferritin receptor was significantly increased in glioma cells carrying the hFTH reporter gene. Conclusion: Our study illustrated that hFTH generated cellular MR imaging contrast efficiently in glioma via regulating the expression of transferritin receptor. This might be a useful reporter gene in cell tracking and MR molecular imaging for glioma diagnosis, gene therapy and tumor metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every matrix in the triangular matrix ringover a bleached local ringRis similar to a ‘simple form’, which is, in most cases, contained in a subringofwithisomorphic to a direct product of two triangular matrix rings overRof smaller size. This result, called the embedding theorem, suggests a new approach for handling triangular matrix rings. It is applied to proving several results on the strong cleanness and strong 2-sum property of triangular matrix rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AnR-moduleM is called aC4-module if, wheneverA1andA2are submodules ofMwithandis anR-homomorphism with, we have. This notion is a non-trivial generalization of both theC3-modules and the square-free modules. Furthermore, aC4-module is called pseudo-continuous if it is also aCS-module. In this paper, we give a thorough study of theC4- and the pseudo-continuous modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Fatty acids (FAs) are essential for membrane lipids biosynthesis and energy consumption in cancer cells. De novo FAs synthesis is catalyzed by fatty acid synthase (FASN), which is overexpressed and correlates with histological grade in glioma. Herein, we focused on the role of FASN in glioma neovascularization. Methods: The expression levels of FASN, Ki67 and CD34 were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). FASN specific-targeted shRNA and C75 were applied to evaluate the influence of FASN on glioma stem cell proliferation, migration and tube formation ability in vitro. An intracranial glioma model was established to study the effects of FASN on tumor growth and neovascularization in vivo. Results: IHC staining showed that the expression level of FASN correlated with tumor grade, Ki67 levels and microvessels density (MVD) in human gliomas. Inhibition of FASN using shRNAs or C75 decreased tumor growth, prolonged the overall survival of xenograft mice and decreased MVD in brain tumor sections. Moreover, inhibition of FASN blocked hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) signaling and upregulated the anti-angiogenic isoform-VEGFb. Conclusion: Our results suggest that FASN plays a pivotal role in glioma neovascularization, and inhibition of FASN may be a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy for glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that if every cyclic right module over a ring is injective, then the ring is semisimple artinian. This classical theorem of Osofsky promoted a considerable interest in the rings whose cyclics satisfy a certain generalized injectivity condition, such as being quasi-injective, continuous, quasi-continuous, or . Here we carry out a study of the rings whose cyclic modules are -modules. The motivation is the observation that a ring is semisimple artinian if and only if every -generated right -module is a -module. Many basic properties are obtained for the rings whose cyclics are -modules, and some structure theorems are proved. For instance, it is proved that a semiperfect ring has all cyclics -modules if and only if it is a direct product of a semisimple artinian ring and finitely many local rings, and that a right self-injective regular ring has all cyclics -modules if and only if it is a direct product of a semisimple artinian ring, a strongly regular ring and a matrix ring over a strongly regular ring. Applications to the rings whose -generated modules are -modules, and the rings whose cyclics are ADS or quasi-continuous are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalizing the notion of nil-cleanness from [A. J. Diesl, Nil clean rings, J. Algebra 383 (2013) 197-211], in parallel to [P. V. Danchev and W. Wm. McGovern, Commutative weakly nil clean unital rings, J. Algebra 425 (2015) 410-422], we define the concept of weak nil-cleanness for an arbitrary ring. Its comprehensive study in different ways is provided as well. A decomposition theorem of a weakly nil-clean ring is obtained. It is completely characterized when an abelian ring is weakly nil-clean. It is also completely determined when a matrix ring over a division ring is weakly nil-clean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic/inorganic nanohybrids hold great importance in fabricating multifunctional theranostics to integrate therapeutic functions with real-time imaging. Although Au nanorods (NRs) have been employed for theranostics, complicated design of materials limits their practical applications. In this work, new multifunctional theranostic agents are designed and synthesized employing Au NRs with desirable near-infrared absorbance as the cores. A facile 'grafting-onto' approach is put forward to prepare the series of hierarchical nanohybrids (Au-PGEA and Au-PGED) of Au NRs and poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-based polycations. The resultant nanohybrids can be utilized as gene carriers with high gene transfection performances. The structural effect of polycations on gene transfection is investigated in detail, and Au-PGEA with abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface exhibits superior performance. Au-PGEA nanohybrids are further validated to possess remarkable capability of combined photothermal therapy (PTT) and gene therapy (GT) for complementary tumor treatment. Moreover, significantly enhanced computed tomography (CT)/photoacoustic (PA) signals are detected both in vitro and in vivo, verifying the potential of Au-PGEA for dual-modal imaging with precise and accurate information. Therefore, these multifunctional nanohybrids fabricated from a simple and straightforward strategy are promising for in vivo dual-modal CT/PA imaging guided GT/PTT therapy with high antitumor efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a study of Ding projective modules relative to a semidualizing module and related topics. Firstly, we study -projective dimensions and -projective modules under change of rings. Secondly, we establish a new version of the Foxby equivalence with respect to -projective modules and -injective modules. Thirdly, we characterize Ding projective modules in and Ding injective modules in . At last, as applications, some new characterizations of perfect rings and quasi-Frobenius rings are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We obtain the structure of the rings in which every element is either a sum or a difference of a nilpotent and an idempotent that commute. This extends the structure theorems of a commutative weakly nil-clean ring, of an abelian weakly nil-clean ring, and of a strongly nil-clean ring. As applications, this result is used to determine the 2-primal rings R such that the matrix ring $$\mathbb{M}_n (R)$$ is weakly nil-clean, and to show that the endomorphism ring End( V) over a vector space V is weakly nil-clean if and only if it is nil-clean or dim( V) = 1 with D≅= ℤ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a ring and M a monoid with twisting f:M × M → U(R) and action ω: M→ Aut(R). We introduce and study the concepts of CM-Armendariz and CM-quasi-Armendariz rings to generalise various Armendariz and quasi-Armendariz properties of rings by working on the context of the crossed product R*M over R. The following results are proved: (1) If M is a u.p.-monoid, then any M-rigid ring R is CM-Armendariz; (2) if I is a reduced ideal of an M-compatible ring R with M a strictly totally ordered monoid, then R/I being CM-Armendariz implies that R is CM-Armendariz; (3) if M is a u.p.-monoid and R is a semiprime ring, then R is CM-quasi-Armendariz. These results generalise and unify many known results on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional hyperemia is the regional increase in cerebral blood flow upon increases in neuronal activity which ensures that the metabolic demands of the neurons are met. Hypertension is known to impair the hyperemic response; however, the neurovascular coupling mechanisms by which this cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs have yet to be fully elucidated. To determine whether altered cortical parenchymal arteriole function or astrocyte signaling contribute to blunted neurovascular coupling in hypertension, we measured parenchymal arteriole reactivity and vascular smooth muscle cell Ca2+ dynamics in cortical brain slices from normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. We found that vasoconstriction in response to the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619 and basal vascular smooth muscle cell Ca2+ oscillation frequency were significantly increased in parenchymal arterioles from SHR. In perfused and pressurized parenchymal arterioles, myogenic tone was significantly increased in SHR. Although K+-induced parenchymal arteriole dilations were similar in WKY and SHR, metabotropic glutamate receptor activation-induced parenchymal arteriole dilations were enhanced in SHR. Further, neuronal stimulation-evoked parenchymal arteriole dilations were similar in SHR and WKY. Our data indicate that neurovascular coupling is not impaired in SHR, at least at the level of the parenchymal arterioles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that every uniquely clean ring is strongly clean. In this article, we investigate the question of when this result holds element-wise. We first construct an example showing that uniquely clean elements need not be strongly clean. However, in case every corner ring is clean the uniquely clean elements are strongly clean. Further, we classify the set of uniquely clean elements for various classes of rings, including semiperfect rings, unit-regular rings, and endomorphism rings of continuous modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a ring with identity. The unit graph of R, denoted by G(R), is a simple graph with vertex set R, and where two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if x + y is a unit in R. The genus of a simple graph G is the smallest nonnegative integer g such that G can be embedded into an orientable surface Sg. In this paper, we determine all isomorphism classes of finite commutative rings whose unit graphs have genus at most three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Letbe a prime ring, which is not commutative, with involutionand with maximal symmetric ring of quotients. An additive mapis called a Jordan-derivation iffor all. A Jordan-derivation ofis called X-inner if it is of the formfor, where. Based on a recent result of Lee and Zhou, we prove that every Jordan-derivation ofis X-inner except whenand, whereis the extended centroid of. Non-X-inner Jordan-derivations are also constructed for the exceptional case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]