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Filter-feeding bivalves have strong effects on ecosystem processes and functions. Bivalves may be used for the rehabilitation of eutrophic waters, either by being placed suspended in cages or on chains in pelagic habitats or stocked in benthic habitats. However, the effects of bivalves on the ecosystem may differ between the two habitats. A 5-week mesocosm experiment with bivalves (Sinanodonta woodiana Lea 1834) was conducted to test if filter-feeding bivalves suspended in pelagic habitats would improve water quality more efficiently than stocked bivalves in benthic habitats. Nutrients, suspended solids, light intensity, biomass of phytoplankton in different size fractions, and zooplankton were measured. Bivalves reduced the biomasses of total phytoplankton and nanophytoplankton and decreased the total phosphorus, total suspended solids, and organic suspended solids in both the benthic and the pelagic habitats. Bivalves also increased the light intensity and the biomass of periphyton and benthic algae. However, we found significantly higher ammonium nitrogen concentrations and higher periphyton biomass in the suspended bivalve treatment than in the benthic bivalve treatment. In both habitats, bivalve introduction reduced the abundance of cladocerans, increased the abundance of copepods but had no effect on the abundance of rotifers. The abundances of total zooplankton, cladocerans, copepods, and rotifers were similar in the treatments with suspended and benthic bivalves. These results confirm the strong effect of filter-feeding bivalves on plankton communities and their potential for the improvement of water quality whether suspended or occurring in the sediment, they indicate a potential of using filter-feeding bivalves in lake rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure (HF), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is prevalent among individuals with H-type hypertension, which is marked by high blood pressure and elevated homocysteine. The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate for insulin resistance, may predict HF in this group, though its specific role requires clarification. This study explores the TyG index's relationship with HF incidence in H-type hypertension patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1200 H-type hypertension patients at Wuhan Third Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. The TyG index was determined using fasting triglyceride and glucose levels. We utilized multivariate Cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and lifestyle, to analyze the TyG index's impact on HF. Of the 1,200 patients studied, 254 (21.2%) developed HF over a median follow-up of 24 months. Higher TyG index values significantly correlated with increased HF risk, with each unit rise boosting HF incidence by 45%. Patients in the highest TyG tertile had a notably higher HF incidence (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.29–1.63, p < 0.001). This association was stronger in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetics. The TyG index showed high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.78) with good sensitivity (70.9%) and specificity (72.3%) at a cut-off of 8.88. Elevated TyG index significantly predicts higher HF risk in H-type hypertension patients, especially among diabetics. Integrating the TyG index into routine evaluations could improve management and outcomes for high-risk individuals, offering an economical early risk stratification tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication that contributes to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Understanding its pathogenesis and revealing predictive biomarkers are essential for guiding treatment decisions. In order to explore the global changes of serum metabolites in PE patients and identify potential predictive biomarkers for suspected PE patients (pregnant women who had already shown PE-related symptoms in the middle to late stages of pregnancy, but were not yet confirmatively diagnosed as PE.), a large-scale serum metabolomic analysis was conducted in this study with a prospective cohort of 328 suspected PE patients in the middle or late pregnancy stages, as well as a retrospective cohort of 30 healthy pregnant women and 30 PE patients. Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC − MS), serum metabolomic profiling revealed that the development of PE was closely associated with disturbed amino acid metabolism. Moreover, a panel of seven predictive biomarkers including 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-5-formylpyridine-4-carboxylate, gamma-glutamyl-leucine, 2-hydroxyvaleric acid, LysoPC(16:1(9Z)/0:0), PC(DiMe(13,5)/MonoMe(13,5)), ADP-D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose and phenylalanyl-tryptophan were identified for PE development by performing multiple statistical analysis and LASSO regression analysis. The combination of these biomarkers showed promise in the prediction of PE development for suspected PE patients, with an AUC of 0.753 and 0.885 for the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of large-scale prospective metabolomic studies combined with machine learning algorithms in identifying key biomarkers for predicting PE development, while retrospective metabolomics studies provide insights into the pathogenesis of PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Single-cell transcriptomics has revolutionized tooth biology by uncovering previously unexplored areas. The mouse is a widely used model for studying human tissues and diseases, including dental pulp tissues. While human and mouse molars share many similarities, mouse incisors differ significantly from human teeth due to their continuous growth throughout their lifespan. The application of findings from mouse teeth to human disease remains insufficiently explored. Methods: Leveraging multiple single-cell datasets, we constructed a comprehensive dental pulp cell landscape to delineate tissue similarities and species-specific differences between humans and mice. Results: We identified a distinct cell population, Sfrp2hi fibroblast progenitors, found exclusively in mouse incisors and the developing tooth root of human molars. These cells play a crucial role in sustaining continuous tissue growth. Mechanistically, we found that the transcription factor Twist1, regulated via MAPK phosphorylation, binds to the Sfrp2 promoter and modulates Wnt signaling activation to maintain stem cell identity. Conclusions: Our study reveals a previously unrecognized subset of dental mesenchymal stem cells critical for tooth growth. This distinct subset, evolutionarily conserved between humans and mice, provides valuable insights into translational approaches for dental tissue regeneration and repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inevitable decoherence of quantum states leaks information to the environments and reduces the practical performance of quantum-information protocols. Quantum purification of coherent states provides an easy-to-implement approach to decouple from the environments utilizing the correlation of several copies. However, repeated transmission of quantum states reduces the randomness of the collectivity and generates security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a modified purification scheme and apply it to the continuous-variable quantum secure direct communication (CV-QSDC) protocol based on coherent states. The designed purification scheme improves the security capacity of communication systems through the effective suppression of excess noises, accompanied by the maintenance of source-side stochasticity. We conduct a proof-of-principle experiment of the purification scheme in the CV-QSDC system. The appearance of transmitted quantum states in phase space and two-dimensional Gaussian distributions have high goodness of fit at two copies. The security capability of this system is improved by 43.6% as the excess noise is reduced to 0.58 times the original noise by purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted fire resistance tests on bond-type anchorage systems using ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) as a bonding medium for two types of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) cables. The study assessed the impact of the initial pullout load, effective bond length, and temperature–load path on the fire resistance of the CFRP cable–UHPC interface. Based on maximum slippage and the rate of slippage, the criteria for failure were established along with a practical model to predict the fire resistance duration for this interface under fire conditions. Subsequently, the fire resistance of the CFRP cable–UHPC interface was compared with that of the CFRP cable alone to evaluate the performance of the bond-type anchorage system. The results indicated that slip failure at the CFRP cable–UHPC interface was the predominant mode of failure across all tested anchorages. The fire resistance duration and the failure temperature of the CFRP cable–UHPC interface ranged from 8.1 to 40.7 min and 136°C to 251°C, respectively, as the initial pullout load ratio decreased from 0.6 to 0.2. The fire resistance performance of the CFRP strand cable–UHPC interface was superior to that of the ribbed CFRP cable–UHPC interface when the initial pullout load ratio varied between 0.4 and 0.6. However, the opposite result was observed when the initial pullout load ratio was 0.2. Introducing an initial pullout load before heating exacerbated the reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the CFRP cable–UHPC interface under fire conditions. The performance of the bond-type anchorage system under fire depended more on the CFRP cable than on the CFRP cable–UHPC interface when the pre-tension load ratio of the cable exceeded 0.15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging often triggers dental pulp fibrosis, resulting in clinical repercussions such as increased susceptibility to dental infections, compromised tooth vitality, and reduced responsiveness to dental interventions. Despite its prevalence, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this condition remains unclear. Leveraging single-cell transcriptome analysis from both our own and publicly available datasets, we identified Ccrl2+ macrophages as particularly vulnerable during the early stages of aging. Notably, dental pulp progenitors with high expression of RARRES2, a unique ligand for CCRL2, facilitate the selective recruitment of a specific macrophage population to the stem cell niches. This process culminates in the formation of the ligand-receptor complex that engages CMKLR1, a receptor broadly expressed across macrophage populations. This interaction drives macrophage activation and expansion through the RARRES2/CCRL2/CMKLR1 axis. Through rigorous experimental validation, we demonstrated that macrophage activation and expansion within stem cell niches lead to increased secretion of proinflammatory factors, promoting dental pulp fibrosis during aging. Our findings uncover the intricate molecular dynamics of dental pulp aging, emphasizing immune microenvironment interactions. This study provides a novel perspective on potential therapeutic strategies for age-related pulp diseases by targeting macrophages and modulating the immune microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports an innovative mass concentration (mascon) solution obtained with the short-arc approach, named "GCL-Mascon2024", for estimating spatially enhanced mass variations on the Earth's surface by analyzing K-/Ka Band Ranging satellite-to-satellite tracking data collected by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Compared to contemporary GRACE mascon solutions, this contribution has three notable and distinct features: First, this solution recovery process incorporates frequency-dependent data weighting techniques to reduce the influence of low-frequency noise in observations. Second, this solution uses variable-shaped mascon geometry with physical constraints such as coastline and basin boundary geometries to more accurately capture temporal gravity signals while minimizing signal leakage. Finally, we employ a solution regularization scheme that integrates climate factors and cryospheric elevation models to alleviate the ill-posed nature of the GRACE mascon inversion problem. Our research has led to the following conclusions: (a) the temporal signals from GCL-Mascon2024 exhibit 6.5 %−20.4 % lower residuals over the continental regions, as compared with the (Release) RL06 versions of other contemporary mascon solutions from GSFC, CSR, and JPL; (b) in Greenland and global hydrologic basins, the correlation coefficients of estimated mass changes between GCL-Mascon2024 and other RL06 mascon solutions exceed 95.0 %, with comparable amplitudes; especially over non-humid river basins, the GCL-Mascon2024 suppresses random noise by 36.7 % compared to contemporary mascon products; and (c) in desert regions, the analysis of residuals calculated after removing the climatological components from the mass variations indicates that the GCL-Mascon2024 solution achieves noise reductions of over 28.1 % as compared to the GSFC and CSR RL06 mascon solutions. The GCL-Mascon2024 gravity field solution (Yan and Ran, 2024) is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14008167. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Granulosa cell proliferation and survival are essential for normal ovarian function and follicular development. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been implicated in various cellular processes, but its role in granulosa cell function remains unclear. Methods: We investigated the function of lncRNA NEAT1 in human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cells (KGN). The effects of NEAT1 overexpression or silencing on cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated using CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry. The interaction between NEAT1, miR-29a-3p, and IGF1 was examined using dual-luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. Results: NEAT1 promoted granulosa cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by indirectly upregulated IGF1 expression through acting as a molecular sponge for miR-29a-3p. Cell proliferation and G2/M phase proportions were increased by overexpression of NEAT1, whereas cell proliferation and G2/M phase proportions decreased with NEAT1 silencing. The effects of NEAT1 on cell proliferation and cell cycle-related proteins (CCNB1 and CDK2) were partially reversed by miR-29a-3p mimic, while miR-29a-3p inhibitor rescued the effects of NEAT1 silencing. Conclusion: LncRNA NEAT1 could promote ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and cell cycle progression via the miR-29a-3p/IGF1 axis in polycystic ovary syndrome. Further investigation of this mechanism in clinical samples may have implications for understanding ovarian physiology and pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the innovative photochromic and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+-doped LiNbO3 phosphors under X-ray irradiation, demonstrating their great potential for anti-counterfeiting, X-ray detection and imaging. The photochromic phosphor LiNbO3:Eu3+ is synthesized, which undergoes a color change from white to brown under bright field conditions and displays red photoluminescence under dark field conditions after X-ray exposure due to defect formation. The addition of Eu3+ enhanced the photochromic reaction and rapid self-bleaching ability. The study delved into the mechanisms of photochromic and photoluminescence behavior, focusing on electron–hole pair separation and defect formation, which are central to the observed phenomena. In addition, the integration of these phosphors into polydimethylsiloxane can create multifunctional anti-counterfeiting labels and can also be used for "dual-mode" 3D X-ray imaging and detection, showing practical application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: No-tillage (NT) is a widely used field management to reduce soil erosion and degradation and is suggested to be beneficial for enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration capacity. Nonetheless, the effects of NT on soil total carbon (TC) content in aeolian sandy soils are not extensively explored, and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In our field experiments, the influence of NT and conventional tillage (CT) on sandy soil was studied. Methods: We estimated the changes in soil TC in response to NT practice in a Cyperus esculentus L. field located at semi-arid Horqin sandy land, China. To unravel the underlying mechanisms, plant traits, soil properties and soil microbial characteristics were measured in parallel. The variations in soil bacterial community structure were investigated by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The functionality of soil bacterial community was predicted based on OTU tables by using PICRUSt2. Results: NT increased soil TC content in this sandy agroecosystem within a short-term experimental period, compared to CT. The underlying mechanisms might rely on three aspects. First, NT increased soil TC content through increasing photosynthesis and plant biomass, and thus, the plant-derived dissolved organic C. Second, NT increased the C immobilized in soil microbial biomass by increasing microbial C demands and C use efficiency. Third, NT increased the dominance of oligotrophic members in bacterial communities by decreasing available nutrient levels, which is associated with the recalcitrance and stability of the soil organic carbon. Conclusions: The present study enriched our knowledge on the changes in the plant-soil-microbe continuum in response to NT in a semi-arid sandy agroecosystem. Still, this study provides a reference for modifying tillage practices to benefit crop yield as well as soil C sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technological innovations ease environmental pressure while favoring the long-term development of enterprises. Owners of innovative green technologies often face a paradox: Green technology sharing heightens product greenness competition, whereas non-sharing may lead to a loss of commercialization benefits and green reputation. This study develops a Stackelberg game model that involves two differentiated manufacturers selling partially-substitutable products following green technological innovation. The leader decides whether to share the green technological innovation with the follower, while the follower determines whether to adopt the innovation. By studying product differences from two perspectives, we propose a new utility function and find that factors related to firms' green reputation and costs affect companies' business decisions, and there is no dominant strategy for the followers who need to balance the relationship between the green technology gap and the cost of adopting new products. For industry leaders, sharing green technological innovations is an optimal choice. Interestingly, we find that green technological innovation does not always result in improved environmental benefits. As green reputation rises, firms attain higher levels of environmental sustainability after the implementation of green technology innovations. Conversely, in instances of low green reputation, the overall industry sustainability resulting from green innovations falls below the baseline scenario. Our study highlights the importance of considering multiple factors when evaluating the environmental impact of such innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental regulations have led to firms considering offshoring their production to avoid compliance costs. However, overseas production comes with yield uncertainty. This study examines optimal environmental regulations and firms' responses under three production scenarios. The government's objective is to maximize social welfare by selecting the type and intensity of regulatory instruments, while firms seek to optimize profits by adjusting their optimal production quantities. Our analysis finds that price and quantity regulation instruments have similar impacts on social welfare, but firms prefer quantity instruments despite price instruments being more beneficial for consumers. Furthermore, both pollution damage coefficient and yield uncertainty are important factors affecting social welfare and firms' location choice and there exist win–win situations that benefit the government, firms, and consumers. Additionally, offshoring tends to be more environmentally friendly to the local environment. To further validate the main model, we examine various extensions. Results show that the hybrid instrument does not significantly enhance social welfare, but it does offer flexibility in adjusting firms' production transfer motivations. Additionally, factors such as positive production and fixed costs, as well as multi-market issues, do not alter the government's preference for regulatory instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the nutritional value and development potential of Pterocladiella capillacea in the marine environment of Naozhou Island, Zhanjiang, this study conducted species classification and identification, followed by an analysis of key nutritional components. The combination of morphological and molecular results confirmed the identification of the collected samples as P. capillacea. Further analysis showed that P. capillacea in Zhanjiang had a moisture content of 74.9% and a protein content of 24%. In comparison, the fat (0.4%) and carbohydrate (15.4%) contents were relatively low, with moderate ash (14.3%) and crude fiber (9.1%) content. It contains a diverse range of fatty acids, with saturated fatty acids accounting for 51.82% and unsaturated fatty acids accounting for 48.18% of the total. The amino acid composition was also diverse, with essential amino acids comprising 31.58% and flavor-enhancing amino acids constituting 54.85%. The minerals contained four major elements and four trace elements, while heavy metal levels were within safety limits, ensuring their edibility. In conclusion, P. capillacea is a high-protein, low-fat economic seaweed with a favorable amino acid and fatty acid composition, rich in minerals, and with significant nutritional and developmental potential. This study provides important data to support future research and utilization of this seaweed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) shows great potential in the field of electrochemical performance. But its poor conductivity, easy dissolution in electrolytes and undesirable ionic accessibility hinder its application. The construction of mesoporous polypyrrole/manganese dioxide (PPy/MnO2) composites can effectively alleviate these problems. Herein, an in situ oxidative polymerization method is developed to synthesize mesoporous PPy/MnO2 composites. In this method, Pluronic P123 and pyrrole monomers are co-assembled on the surface of MnO2. MnO2 is used as an oxidation initiator to polymerize pyrrole under acidic conditions and as a substrate for a uniform coating of PPy. The obtained composites, with a large electrochemical effective area, more reaction sites and good structural stability have better capacitor performance (182.8 F g−1), higher than MnO2 (116.6 F g−1) at the same current density. This method provides a meaningful reference for the development of mesoporous PPy/MnO2 supercapacitor materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To foster innovation activities, regional innovation policy constitutes an indispensable instrument. However, the unbalanced growth model continues to exist. The lack of emphasis on policy effectiveness represents a key issue in this regard. This paper examines the causes of regional innovation heterogeneity, based on the degree of positive sentiment impact in policy documents. Analysing data from China's four economic zones shows that policy sentiment exerts a dominant influence on innovation output. This article argues that government should adopt a positive emotion to encourage regional innovation achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual simulation of high-resolution multi-axis machining processes nowadays plays an important role in the production of complex parts in various industries. In order to improve the surface quality and productivity, process parameters, such as spindle speed, feedrate, and depth of cut, need to be optimized by using an accurate process model of milling, which requires both the fast virtual prototyping of machined part geometry for tool path verification and accurate determination of cutter–workpiece engagement for cutting force predictions. Under these circumstances, this paper presents an effective volumetric method that can accurately provide the required geometric information with high and stable computational efficiency under the condition of high grid resolution. The proposed method is built on a tri-level grid, which applies two levels of adaptive refinement in space decomposition to abolish the adverse effect of a large fine-level branching factor on its efficiency. Since hierarchical space decomposition is used, this multi-level representation enables the batch processing of affected voxels and minimal intersection calculations, achieving fast and accurate modeling results. To calculate the instantaneous engagement region, the immersion angles are obtained by fusing the intersection points between the bottom-level voxel edges and the cutter surface, which are then trimmed by feasible contact arcs determined using envelope theory. In a series of test cases, the proposed method shows higher efficiency than the tri-dexel model and stronger applicability in high-precision machining than the two-level grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to address the welding demands within large steel structures by presenting a global spatial motion planning algorithm for a mobile manipulator. This algorithm is based on an independently developed wall-climbing robot, which comprises a four-wheeled climbing mobile platform and a six-degree-of-freedom robotic manipulator, ensuring high mobility and operational flexibility. Design/methodology/approach: A convex hull feasible domain constraint is developed for motion planning in the mobile manipulator. For extensive spatial movements, connected sequences of convex polyhedra are established between the composite robot's initial and target states. The composite robot's path and obstacle avoidance optimization problem are solved by constraining the control points on B-spline curves. A dynamic spatial constraint rapidlye-xploring random trees-connect (RRTC) motion planning algorithm is proposed for the manipulator, which quickly generates reference paths using spherical spatial constraints at the manipulator's end, eliminating the need for complex nonconvex constraint modeling. Findings: Experimental results show that the proposed motion planning algorithm achieves optimal paths that meet task constraints, significantly reducing computation times in task conditions and shortening operation times in non-task conditions. Originality/value: The algorithm proposed in this paper holds certain application value for the realization of automated welding operations within large steel structures using mobile manipulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the impact of return decisions on the bullwhip effect in the online closed-loop supply chain. We investigate the optimal return modes when the inspection system is undertaken by the logistics centre or the remanufacturer. Then, we optimise the online retailers' return decisions of minimising the inventory cost and bullwhip effect under different supply chain circumstances. Distinctive from previous conclusion that the inspection operation is usually undertaken by the remanufacturer to sort the returned products, the analysis results reveal that the optimal decision of mitigating the bullwhip effect in most cases is to set the inspection system on logistics centre. Besides, consumers' return and exchange behaviours in e-commerce have different impacts on the supply chain efficiency. The product return can not necessarily mitigate the information distortion in online closed-loop supply chain. The research provides insights for managers to strategise about return policies and resource allocation in different e-commerce contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the feasibility of applying the "Three-Low" technique (low injection rate, low iodine contrast volume, low radiation dose) in coronary CT angiography (CCTA). We prospectively collected data from 90 patients who underwent CCTA at our hospital between 2021 and 2024. The patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 45) or the control group (n = 45). The experimental group parameters were as follows: injection rate of 3.5-4.0 ml/s, iodine contrast volume of 35–40 ml, tube voltage of 100 kVp, and tube current of 250 mA. The control group parameters were: injection rate of 4.5-5.0 ml/s, iodine contrast volume of 45–50 ml, tube voltage of 120 kVp, and tube current of 450 mA. Both groups received a high-concentration, non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent (Iomeprol, 40 gl/100 ml). The heart rate of all patients was ≤ 70 bpm, and breath-hold scanning was performed after breathing training. The study compared the CT values of the left anterior descending artery, left circumflex artery, right coronary artery, and aorta, as well as background noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), volumetric CT dose index, dose-length product, effective radiation dose, and total iodine dose between the two groups. In the control group, no cases of contrast extravasation occurred, while 6 cases of extravasation were observed in the experimental group (p = 0.026). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of vascular image quality (mean vascular image quality score: experimental group 4.27 ± 0.62 vs. control group 4.24 ± 0.57, p > 0.05) or vascular motion artifact score (mean vascular motion artifact score: experimental group 4.20 ± 0.59 vs. control group 4.13 ± 0.55, p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in the CT values of the left anterior descending artery (experimental group: 571.31 ± 49.66 HU vs. control group: 449.20 ± 36.80 HU, p < 0.05), left circumflex artery (experimental group: 570.41 ± 49.98 HU vs. control group: 450.95 ± 39.27 HU, p < 0.05), right coronary artery (experimental group: 584.52 ± 53.70 HU vs. control group: 452.66 ± 40.67 HU, p < 0.05), aorta (experimental group: 624.91 ± 48.99 HU vs. control group: 465.36 ± 34.37 HU, p < 0.05), background noise (experimental group: 24.76 ± 1.97 vs. control group: 19.09 ± 1.69, p < 0.05), SNR (experimental group: 25.30 ± 1.81 vs. control group: 24.47 ± 1.75, p < 0.05), volumetric CT dose index (experimental group: 22.97 ± 1.47 mGy vs. control group: 50.53 ± 4.89 mGy, p < 0.05), dose-length product (experimental group: 363.68 ± 21.45 mGy·cm vs. control group: 782.41 ± 58.20 mGy·cm, p < 0.05), and effective radiation dose (experimental group: 5.09 ± 0.30 mSv vs. control group: 10.95 ± 0.81 mSv, p < 0.05).The results of the Fisher test indicated that the extravasation rate was significantly higher in the high injection rate group compared to the low injection rate group (P = 0.024). The "Three-Low" technique in CCTA imaging effectively reduces the incidence of contrast extravasation caused by high injection rates and decreases the radiation dose, making it a highly feasible option for clinical application and worthy of broader adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-rich materials (LRM), which hold promise as high-energy-density cathodes, face challenges due to irreversible oxygen evolution. This leads to rapid capacity decay and structural instability. In this work, a regulated oxygen redox reaction is achieved by constructing an ultrathin and uniform Al2O3-doped ZnO (AZO) layer on LRM (AZO–LRM). The AZO coating layer serves as a charge carrier layer that can generate an internal electric field, thereby suppressing the migration of anions. A space charge layer is formed at the interface between AZO and LRM due to electron transfer, significantly reducing the non-bonding orbital energy and restraining oxidation of surface oxygen in LRM. Benefiting from regulated oxygen redox, AZO–LRM shows reduced phase degradation and fewer side reactions, resulting in a thinner, improved cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and more complete layered structure, significantly enhancing Li-ion diffusion and reducing impedance. Consequently, AZO–LRM retains 91% of its capacity after 200 cycles and shows a 145 mA h g−1 capacity at a 5C rate. This work provides a universal and low-cost solution to oxygen evolution in LRM, offering a promising approach to overcome practical application challenges and highlighting the potential of doped oxides in high-voltage cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Badaowan Formation in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin has revealed a low oil saturation reservoir with promising exploration prospects. To understand the pore structure characteristics and their impact on oil content, high-pressure mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were used to identify and classify pore structures. In previous studies, the disparity in NMR transverse relaxation time(T2) between centrifuged and saturated samples has frequently been utilized to establish a correlation with the capillary pressure curve. This study contends that the contrast in T2 values between dried and saturated samples, as well as the capillary pressure curve, both reflect the attributes of interconnected pores and exhibit a strong correlation. Consequently, it is more justifiable to devise a conversion formula between T2 and pore radius based on this premise. The study demonstrates that sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs in the Mahu Sag exhibit complex pore structures, with sandstone having higher porosity but poorer permeability compared to conglomerate. Each lithological reservoir exhibits two typical pore structure types, with Type 1 being superior to Type 2. Furthermore, our findings indicate that better pore structure correlates with higher oil content within a single lithological reservoir; additionally, conglomerate reservoirs show higher oil grade compared to sandstone due to permeability's greater impact on oil content in this area. This research provides valuable insights for identifying high-quality reservoirs within the Badaowan Formation in Mahu Sag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent glass with photochromic and luminescent properties has recently garnered considerable interest in optical storage, while the photochromic transparent glass system is still limited. Herein, it is proposed that combining transparent glass matrix with photochromic nanocrystals is an efficient strategy to develop a broader range of photochromic luminescent glass systems. The Yb3+/Tb3+ co‐doped BaMgSiO4 glass ceramics are successfully prepared by a two‐step melt‐quenching approach followed by a thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere. The glass ceramics exhibit high transparency and distinct coloration, showing a color change between colorless and pink by alternating irradiation between 365 nm ultraviolet light and 473 nm laser. The formation of color centers in the BaMgSiO4 nanoparticles drives the coloration of such glass ceramics. Based on their photochromic and photobleaching behavior, the efficient reversible upconversion luminescence modulation can be implemented with the maximum luminescence modulation rate of 79.83%. The excellent reproducibility and anti‐fatigue of such upconversion luminescence modulation demonstrate the promising application of Yb3+/Tb3+ co‐doped BaMgSiO4 glass ceramics as an optical storage medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the Lagrange stability (LS) for quaternion memristive neural networks with time delay is taken into consideration. On the strength of Lyapunov function, conclusions are derived such that the resultant system is stable in Lagrange sense. The analysis procedure adopts properties of quaternions instead of conventional decomposition method. The nonlinear scalarization approach is further exploited to compare the size of the quaternion, which makes the convex closures formed by quaternions more noteworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigated a stochastic SIRS epidemic infectious disease model that accounted for environmentally driven infection and incorporated multiparameter perturbations. In addition to establishing the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution of the model, we derived the threshold conditions for the extinction and persistence of the disease using the comparison theorem and It o ^ 's formula of stochastic differential equations. Subsequently, we obtained the asymptotic stability of both the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium of the deterministic model corresponding to the stochastic model through stochastic stability theory. The results indicated that high-intensity noise perturbation can inhibit the spread of the disease, and the dynamic behavior of the disease transitioned from persistence to extinction as noise intensity increased. Our study also demonstrated that, compared to perturbations in the indirect infection rate, changes in noise intensity that affect the direct infection rate will have a more significant impact on disease transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The forest–grassland transect in the Greater Khingan Mountains, located in the southern edge of the permafrost region in Eurasia, is more vulnerable to climatic changes than other terrestrial ecosystems. The impacts of climate-induced vegetation conversion on soil microbial ecological strategies are still under debate, and the underlying mechanisms are not known. Methods: Soil microbial community composition was investigated using 16SrRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The activities of soil enzymes responsible for organic matter mineralization, along with soil physicochemical properties and vegetation characteristics were examined in parallel. The dominance of microbial r-strategy was predicted by a variety of physiological and phylogenetic traits, including the r-/K-strategists ratio, the ribosomal RNA (rrn) operon copy number of bacterial community, saprotrophic/ectomycorrhizal fungi ratio, and the stoichiometric ratio between enzymes hydrolyzing simple (cellobiose and oligosaccharide) and complex (cellulose and protein) organic compounds. Results: Overall, microbial r-strategy relevant traits were higher in grasslands than in forests. Within forests, when vegetation changed from conifers to broadleaf forests from northeast to southwest, the labile carbon fraction of soil organic matter increased, stimulating the prevalence of soil microbial community r-strategy. Across grassland sites, the r-strategy relevant traits decreased towards the warm, dry site, due to the declined C and N availability. Conclusion: This study implied that, under future warm conditions, forest ecosystems would be associated with an r-shifted soil microbial community and thus face a potential risk of carbon loss; whereas in grassland ecosystem, soil microbial community would be shifted towards a K-spectrum and might reduce the risk of carbon loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous-wave laser (CW) and pulsed-wave laser (PW) are the two laser modes in direct energy deposition (DED). This paper mainly reports on a study into the effects of the two laser modes on residual stresses with a given energy input. The contour method (CM) with non-uniform spatial distribution of inspection points was used to capture residual stress distributions in DED of Fe3000 on a substrate made of 316L stainless steel. Residual stresses in the transition zone between the deposit and the substrate were carefully examined to gain an understanding of cracks frequently observed at the connection between the substrate and the deposit. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction, along with successive material removal, was used to reveal residual stresses at various depths in the substrate. The results showed that significant tensile longitudinal stresses developed at the substrate–deposit junction for both CW and PW laser modes. It increased sharply (about 64%) with the increase in energy input for CW mode, while it showed the opposite trend for PW mode; the longitudinal residual stress decreased 13.2% with the increase in energy input. PW, however, introduced lower residual stress than that of CW under the condition of high-energy input; the maximum longitudinal residual stress decreased by about 10.4% compared to CW mode. This was due to stress relaxation at high-energy inputs in PW mode. In addition, residual stresses were found to be higher than the initial yield stress, and yielding occurred in the deposited part. The results determined by the CM and X-ray diffraction depth profiling were found to be consistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submerged macrophytes are crucial for the restoration of shallow eutrophic lake but they are diminished in coverage or lost with eutrophication. Their recovery after nutrient loading reduction depends on water and sediment nutrient levels. We studied the combined impacts of sediment fertility (low/high nitrogen and phosphorus content) and water nutrient concentrations (low/high nitrogen and phosphorus addition) on Vallisneria denseserrulata in a mesocosm experiment. We hypothesized that both the elevated external nutrient addition and high sediment nutrient contents would inhibit plant growth. We found that an increase in nutrient concentrations resulted in a significant increase in algal biomass. Furthermore, high external nutrient addition significantly reduced both the relative growth rate (RGR) and the density of V. denseserrulata growing in the nutrient-rich sediment, while in the nutrient-poor sediment treatment, RGR was not affected but the plant density decreased. Interestingly, low nutrient addition appeared to be more conducive to growth and reproduction of V. denseserrulata in the nutrient-rich sediment than in the nutrient-poor sediment. Our findings emphasize the importance of reducing external nutrient inputs is of key higher importance when restoring shallow eutrophic lakes, while the plants may benefit of the nutrient-rich sediment occurring in such lakes after eutrophication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is a major contributor to the high mortality among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in dialysis patients, and PEW can significantly increase cardiovascular mortality in MHD patients. Previous studies have confirmed that PA may be a good objective indicator for determining the nutritional status and prognosis of MHD patients. Our study aimed to determine the predictive value of phase angle (PA) as detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) on PEW and cardiovascular (CV) risk among MHD patients. Our retrospective observational study involved 161 adult patients with HD. The Cardiovascular risk score is a risk model based on the Japan Dialysis Outcome and Practice Patterns Study (J-DOPPS). We established LASSO logistic regression analysis model to identify key parameters related to body composition that can predict PEW in MHD patients. The area under the curve (AUC) values for PA, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), body cell mass (BCM), and mid-arm circumference (MAC) in predicting PEW in male MHD patients were relatively large, with 0.708, 0.674, 0.663, and 0.735, respectively. The predicted PEW values of these parameters were slightly lower in female patients than in men. We incorporated PA, ASMI, BCM, and MAC into a model that predicted the incidence of PEW in maintenance hemodialysis patients using LASSO technology. We discovered that the model predicted a greater AUC of PEW occurrence than any single factor, 0.877 for men and 0.76 for women. The results of the univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the low PA tertile array group had a greater incidence of PEW than the high PA group (P < 0.001). Additionally, we also found that lower PA was associated with higher CV risk scores. The PA detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis could predict the risk of PEW and cardiovascular events among patients with MHD. When used in conjunction, PA, ASMI, BCM, and MAC have a high diagnostic efficacy for PEW in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RGB-Thermal semantic segmentation is important in widespread applications in adverse illumination conditions, such as autonomous driving and robotic sensing. However, most existing methods ignore the feature differences between the two modalities and do not effectively exploit and handle the features at different levels. In this paper, we present a novel multimodal feature fusion network named HEFANet, which effectively enhances the interaction and fusion of features. Concretely, we propose a Cross-layer and Cross-modal Feature Descriptor module (CCFD) to mitigate differences between different multimodal data and to mine the valuable and correlated features of cross-layers. To effectively fuse multimodal features at different levels, we propose a Multi-modal Interleaved Sparse Self-Attention module (MISSA) to aggregate rich spatial semantic information in the earlier layers. Then, we propose the Spatial Interaction and Channel Selection module (SICS) in the last layer to enhance the representation of rich contextual features and highlight important information by channel communication interactions for optimal sparse feature aggregation selectively. Extensive experiments were carried out on three publicly available datasets (MFNet, PST900, and FMB), and achieved new state-of-the-art results. The code and results are available at https://github.com/shenzw21/HEFANet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carburizing process is a key technology that affects the mechanical properties of the surface of the hydraulic motor stator guide rail, and the related process parameters have an important influence on surface hardness, the thickness of the carburized layer, and the deformation of the guide rail. However, at present, the relationship between the carburizing process parameters and the surface mechanical properties of the target is not clear. This paper proposes a "hardness prediction and process parameter optimization" method. Firstly, a finite element model is established, with carburizing time, temperature, and carbon potential as the three input factors; the optimal Latin hypercubic experimental design and sensitivity analysis are applied. Secondly, surface hardness, carburized layer thickness, and deformation are taken as the output values, and an RBF neural network is used to construct the prediction model. The results show that the RBF neural network can be accurately used for the prediction of surface hardness, the thickness of the carburized layer, and deformation, and for the optimization of process parameters. The optimized parameters of surface hardness and the thickness of the carburized layer were increased by 4.2% and 5.1%, respectively, and the deformation amount was reduced to 0.31 mm, achieving the goal of optimal design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Resveratrol (Res), a natural plant antitoxin polyphenol, is widely used in animal husbandry due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and current research has focused on humans, sows, and female mice. This study aimed to analyze the effects of dietary Res supplementation in ewes on antioxidant activity, immune responses, hormone levels, rumen microbiota and metabolites across various reproductive stages (estrus, pregnancy, and lactation). Methods: Twenty-four healthy ewe lambs (Hu sheep, 2 months old) with a similar body weight (BW) (mean: 21.79 ± 2.09 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the control group (Con) and the Res group (Res). The Res group received 10 mg/kg Res (based on BW) in addition to their basal diet. Results: Res increased the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) in ewes at sexual maturity (p < 0.05). Additionally, Res supplementation induced significant increases in serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), IgG, FSH, and LH levels during estrus (p < 0.05); serum IgA, IgG and IgM during pregnancy and lactation (p < 0.05); and serum LH, glucose, GSH-Px, and catalase (CAT) levels during lactation (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, serum interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (p =0.005) and cholesterol levels (p = 0.041) during the lactation stage decreased following Res supplementation. Notably, colostrum IgA, IgG, and fat concentrations were significantly higher in the Res group than in the Con group (p < 0.05). Moreover, Res altered the rumen microbiota in ewes. Specifically, the relative abundance of Prevotella (p < 0.05) during pregnancy and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (p < 0.001) during lactation were significantly increased in ewes under Res treatment. The abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was positively correlated with the levels of Ig A, Ig M, E2, FSH, LH, GSH-PX, and CAT. Additionally, Res altered the activity of metabolic pathways such as progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, the estrogen signaling pathway, ovarian steroidogenesis, and the AMPK signaling pathway, and the levels of AICAR and 2-hydroxyestradiol metabolites, both during pregnancy and lactation. Discussion: There findings show that Res can improve health, antioxidant status, and immune activity throughout the reproductive cycle in ewes by regulating rumen microorganisms and metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The surgical clinical practice skill training is an important part of medical undergraduate education. Surgical skills are complex and difficult to master. However, the traditional teaching method has some disadvantages, for example, low student participation, weak learning atmosphere, inadequate mastery of the subject matter. We innovatively put forward the segmented teaching method in the field of clinical practice skills training. The segmented teaching method refers to dividing a specific teaching content into several relatively independent parts and providing segmented practice for each part. This approach enhances students' learning outcomes.The aim of this controlled study is to investigate the effects of the segmented teaching methods on clinical practice skills training in medical students. Methods: 31 medical students participating in clinical practice skill training at The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China from March to April 2024 were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 16) receiving segmented teaching method or the control group (n = 15) receiving traditional teaching method. After completion of practical exercises, both groups underwent operational assessments, theoretical assessments, Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX), and Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ) for teaching quality evaluation. A comparative analysis of the results between the two groups was conducted. Results: After implementing the program, there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the experimental and control groups in theoretical assessment scores, Mini-CEX clinical judgment scores, and SEEQ teaching quality evaluation scores. However, compared to the control group, the experimental group demonstrated better operational assessment scores, higher Mini-CEX scores in history taking, physical examination, professionalism, doctor-patient communication, organizational efficiency, and comprehensive abilities, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of segmented teaching method in clinical practice skill training for medical students yields favorable training outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient cascade aza‐MIRC (Michael Induced Ring Closure) reaction between trifluoromethylpyrazole (TFPZ)‐derived oxadienes and a‐bromohydroxamates has been developed for the construction of 1,4‐oxazepinone derivatives. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions via a cascade Aza‐Michael addition/intramolecular SN2 sequence, and features broad substrate scope, transition‐metal free, operational simplicity etc. The utility of the versatile protocol was also demonstrated by gram‐scale reaction and valuable synthetic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding the terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) gap between the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-on (-FO) gravity satellite missions, a BEAST (Bayesian estimator of abrupt change, seasonal change and trend)+GMDH (group method of data handling) gap-filling scheme driven by hydrological and meteorological data is proposed. Considering these driving data usually cannot fully capture the trend changes of the TWSA time series, we propose first to use the BEAST algorithm to perform piecewise linear detrending for the TWSA series and then fill the gap of the detrended series using the GMDH algorithm. The complete gap-filling TWSAs can be readily obtained after adding back the previously removed piecewise trend. By comparing the simulated gap filled by BEAST + GMDH using Multiple Linear Regression and Singular Spectrum Analysis with reference values, the results show that the BEAST + GMDH scheme is superior to the latter two in terms of the correlation coefficient, Nash-efficiency coefficient, and root-mean-square error. The real GRACE/GFO gap filled by BEAST + GMDH is consistent with those from hydrological models, Swarm TWSAs, and other literature regarding spatial distribution patterns. The correlation coefficients there between are, respectively, above 0.90, 0.80, and 0.90 in most of the global river basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard carbon (HC) with low cost and high specific capacity is considered the appropriate anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), but the low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) caused by solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and inherent active defects impede its practical battery application. Here, the practicability of solid‐state electrochemical (SSE) pre‐sodiation technique for hard carbon anode is assessed to conquer such challenges. The uniformly pre‐sodiated HC (Pre‐HC) can be fabricated through the SSE reaction between the HC and preloaded sodium metal film without introducing a liquid electrolyte. After being immerged in the electrolyte, a thin artificial SEI with abundant inorganic species is formed on the surface of Pre‐HC due to the spontaneous chemical reaction, and the ICE of HC is improved from 76.0% to 107.9%. Full cell paired with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode exhibits a high ICE of 94.0% with 70% of energy density augment (from 126.5 to 214.4 Wh kg−1) after anode pre‐sodiation. Pre‐HC anode still retains the pre‐sodiation capacity of 671.1 mAh gNa−1 after being stored in the dry air for 2 h. This work demonstrates the practical applicability of this SSE pre‐sodiation strategy to enhance the energy density of SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Here, we systematically analyzed the potential fusion and fission events of neighboring genes in Arabidopsis genome and analyzed the influence on the protein targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global prevalence of obesity is rising year by year, which has become a public health problem worldwide. Many animal and clinical studies have shown that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is considered an ideal probiotic and potential supplement for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we aimed to complete the genome sequence of L. plantarum HOM2217, which was isolated from human milk, and study its physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 cells and rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to determine its potential as a starter for functional food products. Whole-genome analysis demonstrated that HOM2217 contained a single circular chromosome of 3,267,529 bp with a GC content of 44.5% and one plasmid (62,350 bp) with a GC content of 38.5%. Compared to the reference strains, HOM2217 demonstrated superior tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions, higher adhesion to intestinal epithelial cell lines, potent antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, and effective cholesterol removal ability in vitro. Treatment with heat-killed HOM2217 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and intracellular triglyceride production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Daily treatment of HFD-fed rats with HOM2217 for 7 weeks decreased body weight, body weight gain, and body fat without changes in food intake. HOM2217 also significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, decreased the serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) and increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) (formic acid, acetic acid, and butyric acid) levels in the cecum. Thus, HOM2217 could potentially prevent obesity in rats by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating lipid metabolism and SCFAs expression. Therefore, HOM2217 has potential as an alternative treatment for obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Ms = 7.0) struck the eastern Tibetan Plateau and caused extensive concern. However, the reported slip models of this earthquake have distinct discrepancies and cannot provide a good fit for GPS data. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake also presents a good opportunity to investigate the question of how to avoid overfitting of InSAR observations for co-seismic slip inversions. To comprehend this shock, we first used pre-seismic satellite optical images to extract a surface trace of the seismogenic fault, which constitutes the northern segment of the Huya Fault. Then, we collected GPS observations as well as to measure the co-seismic displacements. Lastly, joint inversions were carried out to obtain the slip distribution. Our results showed that the released moment was 5.3 × 1018 N m, equivalent to Mw 6.4 with a rigidity of 30 GPa. The maximum slip at a depth of ~6.8 km reached up to 1.12 m, dominated by left-lateral strike-slip. The largest potential surface rupture occurred in the center of the seismogenic fault with strike- and dip-slip components of 0.4 m and 0.2 m, respectively. Comparison with the focal mechanisms of the 1973 Ms 6.5 earthquake and the 1976 triplet of earthquakes (Mw > 6) on the middle and south segments of the Huya Fault indicated different regional motion and slip mechanisms on the three segments. The distribution of co-seismic landslides had a strong correlation with surface displacements rather than surface rupture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The microbiota and metabolites in the gastrointestinal tracts of female animals at different reproductive periods are very important to the growth, development, and health of themselves and their offspring. However, the changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolites throughout reproductive period of different sheep breeds and their effects on the growth and development of offspring lambs are still unclear. Hence, this study presents an assessment of the reproductive hormone levels, immune levels, rumen microbiota, and metabolites in Hu sheep and Suffolk ewes at different reproductive periods and their effects on the growth and development of offspring lambs. Results: Hu sheep and Suffolk during non-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation were used as the research objects to determine reproductive and immune indexes of ewes at different periods, analyze rumen microbiome and metabolome, and track the growth performance and development of offspring lambs. The results showed that the reproductive hormone and immune levels of Hu sheep and Suffolk underwent adaptive changes across different reproductive periods. Compared with non-pregnancy, the microbial energy metabolism and lipid metabolism function decreased during Hu sheep pregnancy, and energy metabolism function decreased during lactation. In Suffolk, energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis, and metabolism function were enhanced during pregnancy, and the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins was enhanced during lactation. Prevotella increased in Suffolk during pregnancy and lactation (P < 0.05) and was positively correlated with the birth weight and body size of the lambs (P < 0.05). Moreover, the abundances of Butyrivibrio and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group during pregnancy were positively correlated with the intestinal immunity of the offspring lambs (P < 0.05), thereby regulating the intestinal immunity level of the lambs. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the protein digestion, absorption, and amino acid metabolism of Hu sheep were enhanced during pregnancy, which provided amino acids for the growth and development of pregnant ewes and fetuses and was significantly correlated with the birth weight, body size, and intestinal immunity of lambs (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, there was an increase in acetate and propionate during the pregnancy and lactation period of both Hu sheep and Suffolk, providing energy for ewes during reproductive period. Moreover, the microbiota during the lactation period was significantly correlated with the milk quality and lambs daily gain (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed the characteristic succession changes in the rumen microbiota and its metabolites at different reproductive periods in sheep breeds and their regulation of reproductive hormone and immune levels and identified their potential effects on the growth and development of offspring lambs. The findings provide valuable insights into the health and feeding management of different sheep breeds during the reproductive stage. Cnu7uEJBESQuA-vs1kGzfa Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the integration of X‐ray‐induced photochromism and photoluminescence in a single material, offering innovative multi‐mode applications in optical memory, anti‐counterfeiting, and X‐ray detection and imaging. The photochromic phosphor LiAlSi2O6:Sm3+ is synthesized, which undergoes a color change from white to dark green under bright field conditions and displays orange photoluminescence in dark field conditions after X‐ray exposure due to defect formation. The phosphor shows accelerated bleaching and recovery under 473 nm laser stimulation. The distinct X‐ray‐induced color contrast and luminescence intensity modification in LiAlSi2O6:Sm3+ highlight its potential in advanced luminescent material design. Moreover, a LiAlSi2O6:Sm3+‐based flexible film demonstrates "dual‐mode" 3D X‐ray imaging and detection capabilities, paving the way for future X‐ray detecting and imaging device research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]