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With the popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT), massive amounts of data are generated every second. By analyzing this data, attackers can launch kinds of attacks for their own profits, such as data tampering, malicious data injection, identity deception etc. To solve these problems, in this paper, we propose a Trusted Execution Environment-and-Blockchain-based data protection architecture (TEDA). In TEDA, edge devices in different IoTs maintain a consortium blockchain to achieve the secure read/write operations and verification of data together with cloud. Besides, to secure the local data processing in edge devices and manage internal light-weight devices, an Intel SGX-based module is designed. Furthermore, a new transaction structure is introduced to protect user's access pattern. The experimental results show that the space occupancy rates of write and read of TEDA with SGX are 0.84 × and 1.07 × than that of TEDA without SGX, and the time occupancy rates of write and read of TEDA with SGX are 0.94 × and 0.90 × than that of TEDA without SGX, which indicate TEDA has a good performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cell mapping method is one of the most powerful tools in the global analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems. It accurately depicts the boundaries of the domains of attractors but is not the ideal method for diagnosing the characteristics of attractors. To improve the performance of the conventional cell mapping method, an approach telling quasiperiodicity from chaos is developed in the current research. The proposed method uses the convergence speed of a probability distribution on the attractor as the criterion. For a chaotic system, the distribution converges quickly to the invariant density in several iterations. As for a quasiperiodic system, the distribution converges extremely slowly to the invariant density. The difference can be explained by the eigenvalues of the transition matrices of different systems. The transition matrix of a chaotic system has irregular eigenvalues, and the second-largest eigenvalue is small enough, while the matrix of a quasiperiodic system has regular eigenvalues, many of which are close to the unit circle. A theoretical analysis of some simple mappings is addressed to support this explanation. Furthermore, as a supplement to the analysis, a numerical method that calculates the Lyapunov exponent from the transition matrix is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative box-counting method is developed in this research for diagnozing the nonlinear characteristics of dynamical systems. With the method developed, an approach that depicts the evolutionary process on Poincaré maps is established such that the nonlinear dynamical characteristics of the transient and stable process of the system can be graphically and quantitatively identified. A Duffing–van der Pol system is adopted in the research to demonstrate an application of the method. A diagram graphically describing the periodic, quasiperiodic, chaotic, and transient chaotic regions of the system's responses is constructed based on the method. Furthermore, the nature of different box-point curves is explained based on the topology of chaos and quasiperiodicity. The method developed shows innovation and efficiency in diagnozing nonlinear dynamical systems based on the topological properties of general nonlinear systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single-fiber photoacoustic (PA) sensor with a silicon cantilever beam for trace acetylene (C2H2) gas analysis was proposed. The miniature gas sensor mainly consisted of a microcantilever and a non-resonant PA cell for the real-time detection of acetylene gas. The gas diffused into the photoacoustic cell through the silicon cantilever beam gap. The volume of the PA cell in the sensor was about 14 μL. By using a 1 × 2 fiber optical coupler, a 1532.8 nm distributed feedback (DFB) laser and a white light interference demodulation module were connected to the single-fiber photoacoustic sensor. A silicon cantilever was utilized to improve the performance when detecting the PA signal. To eliminate the interference of the laser-reflected light, a part of the Fabry–Perot (F-P) interference spectrum was used for phase demodulation to achieve the highly sensitive detection of acetylene gas. The minimum detection limit (MDL) achieved was 0.2 ppm with 100 s averaging time. In addition, the calculated normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient was 4.4 × 10−9 W·cm−1·Hz−1/2. The single-fiber photoacoustic sensor designed has great application prospects in the early warning of transformer faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robot-assisted lobectomy (RAL) is increasingly used as an alternative to video-assisted lobectomy (VAL) for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is little evidence of any difference in postoperative health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between these two approaches. Is RAL superior to VAL in improving quality of life in patients with resectable NSCLC? We performed a single-center, open-label randomized clinical trial from May 2017 to May 2020 with 320 enrolled patients undergoing RAL or VAL for resectable NSCLC (RVlob trial; NCT03134534). Postoperative pain was evaluated by visual analog score or numeric rating score on postoperative day 1 and at weeks 4, 24, and 48. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30), EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire in Lung Cancer (QLQ-LC13), and the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire were also administered at weeks 4, 24, and 48 after surgery. One hundred and fifty-seven patients underwent RAL and 163 underwent VAL. The mean pain score of patients after RAL was significantly lower at week 4 (2.097 ± 0.111 vs 2.431 ± 0.108; P =.032). QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 summary scores (P >.05) were similar for both RAL and VAL during the first 48 weeks of follow-up. HRQoL scores assessed with the EQ-5D questionnaire were also comparable between the two groups (P >.05) during the whole study period. Both RAL and VAL showed satisfactory and comparable HRQoL and postoperative pain up to 48 weeks after surgery, despite some minor statistical differences at week 4. ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03134534; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize the application of the nasal spray vaccination in the prevention and protection of respiratory infectious diseases, a nasal spray vaccination device is designed in this paper. The device uses a Laval nozzle structure to generate a high-speed airflow that impinges on the vaccine reagent and forms nebulized particles. Through optimizing of the Laval nozzle structure and testing experiments on spray particle size, spray velocity, spray angle and spray rate, a set of parameters which is applicable to actual nasal spray vaccination is obtained. The experimental results show that when the air source pressure is 2 bar, the spray angle is about 15°, the diameter of the spray particles Dv50 is about 17 μm, the volume fraction of particles with diameter smaller than 10um is about 24%, the spray rate is close to 300 μl/s. The vaccine activity tests demonstrate that under these conditions, not only the biological activity of vaccines is guaranteed, but also the delivery efficiency is well assured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic resolution photoacoustic micros- copy (AR-PAM) can achieve deeper imaging depth in biological tissue, with the sacrifice of imaging resolution compared with optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM). Here we aim to enhance the AR-PAM image quality towards OR-PAM image, which specifically includes the enhancement of imaging resolution, restoration of micro-vasculatures, and reduction of artifacts. To address this issue, a network (MultiResU-Net) is first trained as generative model with simulated AR-OR image pairs, which are synthesized with physical transducer model. Moderate enhancement results can already be obtained when applying this model to in vivo AR imaging data. Nevertheless, the perceptual quality is unsatisfactory due to domain shift. Further, domain transfer learning technique under generative adversarial network (GAN) framework is proposed to drive the enhanced image’s manifold towards that of real OR image. In this way, perceptually convincing AR to OR enhancement result is obtained, which can also be supported by quantitative analysis. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) values are significantly increased from 14.74 dB to 19.01 dB and from 0.1974 to 0.2937, respectively, validating the improvement of reconstruction correctness and overall perceptual quality. The proposed algorithm has also been validated across different imaging depths with experiments conducted in both shallow and deep tissue. The above AR to OR domain transfer learning with GAN (AODTL-GAN) framework has enabled the enhancement target with limited amount of matched in vivo AR-OR imaging data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the popularity of computed tomography (CT) scanning, early lung cancer has been found in a large number of patients, and segmentectomy has been widely used in clinical practice. The development of intersegmental plane is the most critical step in segmentectomy. At present, there are many methods to identify the intersegmental plane. Also, dissection of the intersegmental plane has been a challenge for thoracic surgeons for decades because of the complicated anatomic variations. This study focuses on the safety and efficacy of relevant methods in both identification and dissection of the intersegmental plane in segmentectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular reprogramming can manipulate the identity of cells to generate the desired cell types1–3. The use of cell intrinsic components, including oocyte cytoplasm and transcription factors, can enforce somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells4–7. By contrast, chemical stimulation by exposure to small molecules offers an alternative approach that can manipulate cell fate in a simple and highly controllable manner8–10. However, human somatic cells are refractory to chemical stimulation owing to their stable epigenome2,11,12 and reduced plasticity13,14; it is therefore challenging to induce human pluripotent stem cells by chemical reprogramming. Here we demonstrate, by creating an intermediate plastic state, the chemical reprogramming of human somatic cells to human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells that exhibit key features of embryonic stem cells. The whole chemical reprogramming trajectory analysis delineated the induction of the intermediate plastic state at the early stage, during which chemical-induced dedifferentiation occurred, and this process was similar to the dedifferentiation process that occurs in axolotl limb regeneration. Moreover, we identified the JNK pathway as a major barrier to chemical reprogramming, the inhibition of which was indispensable for inducing cell plasticity and a regeneration-like program by suppressing pro-inflammatory pathways. Our chemical approach provides a platform for the generation and application of human pluripotent stem cells in biomedicine. This study lays foundations for developing regenerative therapeutic strategies that use well-defined chemicals to change cell fates in humans.Human somatic cells were reprogrammed to human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells that demonstrate key features of embryonic stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with positive prostate biopsy at 4–20 ng/mL of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), construct a new parameter based on this characteristics and assess its diagnostic value for prostate cancer (PCa). Logistic regression analysis was used to clarify the risk factors of PCa, and a new parameter based on the results was constructed. Compare the diagnostic value of various diagnostic parameters for PCa. Logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that age (OR, 5.269; 95%CI, 2.762–10.050), comorbid diabetes (OR, 2.437; 95%CI, 1.162–5.111), PSA (OR, 2.462; 95%CI, 1.198–5.059) and prostate volume (PV) (OR, 0.227; 95%CI, 0.100–0.516) are risk factors for PCa. The age, PSA and PV of patients were combined to construct a new parameter, that is A‐PSAD = (age × total PSA [TPSA])/PV]. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve(AUC) of A‐PSAD (0.728) for PCa diagnosis was higher than the AUCs of TPSA (0.581), free prostate‐specific antigen (0.514), (F/T)PSA (0.535) and PSAD (0.696), with significant differences. Age, history of diabetes, TPSA and PV are risk factors for PCa(PSA:4‐20ng/mL); in addition, A‐PSAD has a moderate diagnostic value for PCa and may become a new indicator for PCa screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the explosive growth of human society’s demand for information , microwaves have become a vital information carrier for applications such as wireless communication, military radar, and electronic countermeasures. However, the processing rates and bandwidth of traditional microwave processing circuits are limited, which can create an electronic bottleneck for high-frequency microwave signals. Relying solely on traditional electrical systems has not been enough to meet the emerging demand for high-frequency microwave signal generation, transmission, and processing ,. At the same time, broadband and low-loss photonics have led to an ever-increasing interest in generating, processing, controlling, and distributing microwave and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signals for applications such as broadband wireless access networks, sensor networks, radar, satellite communication, instrumentation, and warfare systems. In response, beginning in the 1990s, these two technologies merged and produced a new interdisciplinary field known as microwave photonics ,. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-modal remote sensing text-image retrieval (RSCTIR) has recently become an urgent research hotspot due to its ability of enabling fast and flexible information extraction on remote sensing (RS) images. However, current RSCTIR methods mainly focus on global features of RS images, which leads to the neglect of local features that reflect target relationships and saliency. In this article, we first propose a novel RSCTIR framework based on global and local information (GaLR), and design a multi-level information dynamic fusion (MIDF) module to efficaciously integrate features of different levels. MIDF leverages local information to correct global information, utilizes global information to supplement local information, and uses the dynamic addition of the two to generate prominent visual representation. To alleviate the pressure of the redundant targets on the graph convolution network (GCN) and to improve the model’s attention on salient instances during modeling local features, the denoised representation matrix and the enhanced adjacency matrix (DREA) are devised to assist GCN in producing superior local representations. DREA not only filters out redundant features with high similarity, but also obtains more powerful local features by enhancing the features of prominent objects. Finally, to make full use of the information in the similarity matrix during inference, we come up with a plug-and-play multivariate rerank (MR) algorithm. The algorithm utilizes the $k$ nearest neighbors of the retrieval results to perform a reverse search, and improves the performance by combining multiple components of bidirectional retrieval. Extensive experiments on public datasets strongly demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of GaLR methods on the RSCTIR task. The code of GaLR method, MR algorithm, and corresponding files have been made available at: https://github.com/xiaoyuan1996/GaLR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the effect of synaptic pruning on a ring-shaped neural network of non-locally coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) oscillators. The neurons in the pruned region synchronize with each other, and they repel the coherent domain of the chimera states. Furthermore, the width of the pruned region decides the precision and efficiency of the control effect on the position of coherent domains. This phenomenon gives a systematic comprehension of the relation between pruning and synchronization in neural networks from a new aspect that has never been addressed. An explanation of this mechanism is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The encoder–decoder framework is prevalent in existing remote-sensing image captioning (RSIC) models. The appearance of attention mechanisms brings significant results. However, current attention-based caption models only build up the relationships between the local features without introducing the global visual feature and removing redundant feature components. It will cause caption models to generate descriptive sentences that are weakly related to the scene of images. To solve the problems, this article proposed a global visual feature-guided attention (GVFGA) mechanism. First, GVFGA introduces the global visual feature and fuses them with local visual features to build up their relationships between them. Second, an attention gate utilizing the global visual feature is proposed in GVFGA to filter out redundant feature components in the fused image features and provide more salient image features. In addition, to relieve the hidden state’s burden, a linguistic state (LS) is proposed to specifically provide textual features, making the hidden state only guiding visual–textual attention process. What’s more, to further refine the fusion of visual features and textual features, a LS-Guided Attention (LSGA) mechanism is proposed. It can also filter out the irrelevant information in the fused visual–textual feature with the help of an attention gate. The experimental results show that this proposed image captioning model can achieve better results on three RSIC datasets, UCM-Captions, Sydney-Captions, and RSICD datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative combined stress-induced reliability issues between Auger hot carrier and ionizing radiation in double polysilicon bipolar transistor is investigated. The observed differences in the low-frequency noise spectra of devices with different stressing conditions could be interpreted as the differences in the defects-related noise contributions. Low-frequency noise and electrical performance degradation results show that Auger hot carriers greatly induce the atomic hydrogen depassivating the dangling bonds in grain boundaries of emitter polysilicon. However, ionizing radiation damage occurs both at SiO2/Si interfaces and in the oxide layer. 1/f noise characteristics indicate that these two damages have different time dependences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key hallmark of cancer which promotes malignant progression, especially during the process of cancer invasion. A better understanding of EMT will help elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis and may provide new insights into the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Methods. A series of bioinformatic approaches were combined and identify GLI3 as a potential key regulator in EMT. In vitro experiments were performed to knockdown GLI3 expression in two CRC cell lines and to reveal the oncogenic role of GLI3 in CRC. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to show the influence of GLI3 in EMT and downstream pathways. The Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were used to evaluate the prognostic value of GLI3 in CRC patients. Results. GLI3 was identified as a key regulator in coexpression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks involved in EMT. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that GLI3 had a high correlation with EMT markers in CRC. In vitro experiments showed that GLI3 knockdown attenuated the migratory and invasive capacities of CRC cells via influencing EMT property, especially by regulating phosphorylation of ERK signaling pathway. In addition, higher expression of GLI3 predicts worse prognosis in CRC patients. Conclusions. In summary, we presented the first evidence that GLI3 could promote the migratory and invasive capacities of CRC cells by regulating the EMT process. Our study might provide some useful clues to a better understanding of GLI3 in EMT during CRC progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear response of neuron firing under external electromagnetic radiation as well as transmembrane current, as two kinds of external forces, are studied in an improved Fitzhugh–Nagumo (FHN) model. The control effects of external forces to neuron firing are measured by winding number Ω during mode transition of motion types. The phenomenon of match and mismatch between the angular frequency ω out and the angular frequency of external forcing can be explained by whether the winding number is 1 / 1 or not. Ω remains as constants like 1 / 1 , 1 / 2 and 1 / 3 , etc. The amplitude of transmembrane current I 0 is increased so that it distributes in a stair-like structure in parameter space before the system enters chaotic state when I 0 is large enough. The scenarios of motion type switching are different between and beyond in the stairs. Besides, the occurrence and the disappearance of chaos are accompanied with the destruction of the orbit with the variation of parameters which temporarily spoils the toroidal topology and induces chaotic oscillation. Indeed, nonlinear response to external forces is pivotal to neuron firing and its control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of sinusoidal excitations on a Rijke tube system through the introduction of nonlinear dynamics are investigated in detail. The system is governed by one-dimensional partial differential equations, which are addressed by means of the Galerkin procedure and analysed from the viewpoint of nonlinear dynamics. The results show a rich variety of behaviours in the system, including subcritical bifurcation, hysteresis and phase locking. In certain parameter ranges, the solution switches between periodic and quasi-periodic. These ranges mainly depend on the intensity of the heat source in the tube. The phase-locking intervals that correspond to periodic solutions compose a devil's staircase, whose Lebesgue measure increases as the amplitude of the excitation increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni3S2 has been validated as an effective electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction, attributable to its suitable electronic configuration. However, pure Ni3S2 towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exhibits relatively low catalytic activity. Herein, a one-step annealing strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of Ni3S2 nanowires on nickel foam (NF) through N doping towards vigorous HER performance both in acid and alkaline solution. The 1D N-Ni3S2 nanowires, integrated onto a 3D NF electrode, show a high catalytic current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 196 mV and a small Tafel slope of 63 mV dec−1 in an acid electrolyte. In an alkaline medium, the N-Ni3S2 NWs exhibit a low overpotential of 105 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is lower than other reported Ni3S2-based HER catalysts. The superior HER catalytic performance is attributed to its unique structural features, both the morphology and electronic structure. Our work provides profound guidance for the design and optimization of electrocatalysts for an efficient HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs is one of the most important factors that determine the efficiency of a photocatalyst. It is well acknowledged that the fabrication of heterogeneous photocatalysts with two different inorganic semiconductors is a good strategy to effectively improve the charge separation of electrons and holes. This study describes a novel visible light-induced g-C3N4/Bi3TaO7 composite photocatalyst with superior photocatalytic properties toward the degradation of tetracycline (TC) by visible light irradiation. The formation of heterojunctions significantly improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers, which is confirmed by the photocurrent density and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electron spin resonance examination and trapping experiments confirm that the photoinduced active species (ṖOH and ṖO2−) are responsible for the degradation of tetracycline. Based on the experimental results, a possible Z-scheme system reaction mechanism for the g-C3N4/Bi3TaO7 composite towards the degradation of TC under visible light was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light emission has been observed from silicon devices in the reverse avalanche mode is reported. A Si-PMOSFET LED is manufactured in a standard 3-\mu\m CMOS technology, with no changes to the process, is described. Under the breakdown condition, the reverse-biased junction configuration of the silicon light-emitting device emit light in a broad spectrum from 450 to 800 nm with characteristic peaks around \sim650 nm. The photon emission energy spectrum is compared to the hot electron energy distribution . Further, it successfully demonstrates the possibility of quantifying the optical performance in an integrated micro-display array consisting of five in-parallel connected PMOSFETs based on the silicon light source, thus providing high functional diversification of CMOS integrated circuits with high-frequency capability of the order of GHz. The demonstration of such a LED that can be easily integrated into CMOS fabrication process is an important step toward optical interconnects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The low photocatalytic activity of single semiconductor photocatalysts mainly originates from their fast recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Constructing nanosheet-based composite photocatalysts is an effective way to enhance the charge separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. In this work, AgI-decorated β-Bi2O3 nanosheet heterostructured photocatalysts were prepared by a facile method. The as-obtained AgI/β-Bi2O3 heterostructures exhibited enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) in aqueous solution. The optimum photocatalytic activity of 20%-AgI/β-Bi2O3 for the degradation of MO was about 4.1 and 6.2 times higher than that of AgI and β-Bi2O3. The photocatalytic activity enhancement of AgI/β-Bi2O3 heterostructures could be ascribed to the formation of a Z-scheme system, which results in the efficient space separation of photo-induced charge carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism by which baicalin modulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the mucosa of distal ileum was investigated in a rat model of acute endo-toxemia induced by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experiment demonstrated that LPS upregulated iNOS mRNA and protein expression as well as NO produc-tion (measured as the stable degradation production, nitrites). LPS not only increased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) content, but also activated p38 and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and inactivated PPARγ via phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 signalling pathway by chemical inhibitor SB202190 and small interfering RNA (siRNA) ameliorated LPS-induced iNOS generation, while suppression of PPARγ pathway by SR-202 boosted LPS-elicited iNOS expression. Baicalin treatment (I) attenuated LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and protein as well as nitrites generation, and (II) ameliorated LPS-elicited TLR4 and PPARγ production, and (III) inhibited p38/ATF2 phosphorylation leading to suppression of p38 signalling, and (IV) prevented PPARγ from phosphorylation contributing to maintainence of PPARγ bioactivity. However, SR-202 co-treatment (I) partially abrogated the inhibitory effect of baicalin on iNOS mRNA expression, and (II) partially reversed baicalin-inhibited p38 phosphorylation. In summary, baicalin could ameliorate LPS-induced iNOS and NO overproduction in mucosa of rat terminal ileum via inhibition of p38 signalling cascade and activation of PPARγ pathway. There existed a interplay between the two signalling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrothermally excited dual beams silicon resonant pressure sensor with temperature compensation is proposed in this paper. One beam locates upon the diaphragm, whose resonant frequency changes with the measured pressure; the other beam is on the fixed edge, isolated from the pressure effect but sensitive to the temperature variation. Taking the difference of the dual beams' resonant frequencies, temperature influence can be corrected. Compensation algorithm with consideration of the fabrication errors is deducted theoretically and implemented by a homemade readout system. Experimental results of the test sample indicates that the maxim pressure measurement residual errors without compensation is up to 53.9 kPa in the working temperature range from −40 to 60°C; while with compensation the maxim residual errors decreased to 1.8 kPa from −40 to 60°C, which is only 3.3% of the uncompensated sensor. The experimental results confirm that the new designed sensor has good temperature compensation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant progress has been made in remote sensing image captioning by encoder-decoder frameworks. The conventional attention mechanism is prevalent in this task but still has some drawbacks. The conventional attention mechanism only uses visual information about the remote sensing images without considering using the label information to guide the calculation of attention masks. To this end, a novel attention mechanism, namely Label-Attention Mechanism (LAM), is proposed in this paper. LAM additionally utilizes the label information of high-resolution remote sensing images to generate natural sentences to describe the given images. It is worth noting that, instead of high-level image features, the predicted categories' word embedding vectors are adopted to guide the calculation of attention masks. Representing the content of images in the form of word embedding vectors can filter out redundant image features. In addition, it can also preserve pure and useful information for generating complete sentences. The experimental results from UCM-Captions, Sydney-Captions and RSICD demonstrate that LAM can improve the model's performance for describing high-resolution remote sensing images and obtain better S m scores compared with other methods. S m score is a hybrid scoring method derived from the AI Challenge 2017 scoring method. In addition, the validity of LAM is verified by the experiment of using true labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]