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Purpose: In order to explore the damaging effect of behind-armor debris of explosively formed projectile (EFP) attack on the top armor of tank and the internal parts of vehicles, a method of damage probability calculation based on experiments is proposed. Design/methodology/approach: The equivalent target structure of rear-effect damage of the equipment and personnel in the vehicle is determined based on the analysis of the vulnerability of internal equipment and personnel in the tank. The experimental scheme to obtain the density distribution of behind-armor debris is designed, and the calculation model of the damage probability of cavitating antipersonnel debris to the key components of the vehicle is given in the range of scattering angles and different broken pieces. Findings: The examples show that the damage probability calculation model can be used in the process of evaluating the damage of the equipment and personnel in the tank by behind-armor debris. Originality/value: An experimental model based on the analysis of the vulnerability of the equipment and personnel is proposed to calculate the damage probability from debris falling on the equipment and personnel in the vehicle. The results are of great value to the calculation of damage evaluation of the equipment and personnel in the tank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring of oriental fruit moths (Grapholita molesta Busck) is a prerequisite for its control. This study introduced a digital image-processing method and logistic model for the control of oriental fruit moths. First, five triangular sex pheromone traps were installed separately within each area of 667 m2 in a peach orchard to monitor oriental fruit moths consecutively for 3 years. Next, full view images of oriental fruit moths were collected via a digital camera and then subjected to graying, separation and morphological analysis for automatic counting using MATLAB software. Afterwards, the results of automatic counting were used for fitting a logistic model to forecast the control threshold and key control period. There was a high consistency between automatic counting and manual counting (0.99, P < 0.05). According to the logistic model, oriental fruit moths had four occurrence peaks during a year, with a time-lag of 15–18 days between adult occurrence peak and the larval damage peak. Additionally, the key control period was from 28 June to 3 July each year, when the wormy fruit rate reached up to 5% and the trapping volume was approximately 10.2 per day per trap. Additionally, the key control period for the overwintering generation was 25 April. This study provides an automatic counting method and fitted logistic model with a great potential for application to the control of oriental fruit moths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Different from the existing voltage source converter (VSC)-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system, this article proposes a new voltage source inductive filtering converter (VSIFC)-based HVDC transmission system. It uses the inductive filtering transformer and the related full-tuned branches to replace the commutating reactor and/or transformer and the high-pass damping filters, which makes the VSIFC-HVDC with more obvious characteristics on integrated design and installation. This article concerns on the converter operating characteristics of the VSIFC-HVDC system, which include harmonic suppression in the AC valve winding of the transformer, and the active and the reactive power (P and Q) operating ability of the VSIFC. The equivalent circuit model and the mathematical model of the VSIFC are established. Based on this, the theoretical analysis is performed. Then, within the PSCAD/EMTDC environment, the filtering and the P and Q characteristics of the new VSIFC and the traditional VSC-based HVDC transmission systems are simulated, respectively. By comparison, it validates the theoretical analysis, and shows that the VSIFC-HVDC not only reduces the polluted area of the harmonic, but also has the better transmitted power ability and the wider reactive power control range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]