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Background: The log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) was considered a superior staging system to N stage in colon cancer, yet its value in determining the optimal duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer patients has not been evaluated. This study aims to assess the prognostic value of a model that combines LODDS with clinicopathological information for stage III colon cancer patients and aims to stratify these patients using the model, identifying individuals who could benefit from varying durations of adjuvant chemotherapy. Method: A total of 663 consecutive patients diagnosed with stage III colon cancer, who underwent colon tumor resection between November 2007 and June 2020 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, were enrolled in this study. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression. Nomograms were developed to forecast patient DFS, with the Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of time-dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic (timeROC) and calibration plots utilized to assess the accuracy and reliability of the nomograms. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that perineural invasion (HR = 1.776, 95% CI: 1.052–3.003, P = 0.032), poor tumor differentiation (HR = 1.638, 95% CI: 1.084–2.475, P = 0.019), and LODDS groupings of 2 and 1 (HR = 1.920, 95% CI: 1.297–2.842, P = 0.001) were independent predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) in the training cohort. Nomograms constructed from LODDS, perineural invasion, and poor tumor differentiation demonstrated robust predictive performance for 3-year and 5-year DFS in both training (3-year AUC = 0.706, 5-year AUC = 0.678) and validation cohorts (3-year AUC = 0.744, 5-year AUC = 0.762). Stratification according to this model showed that patients in the high-risk group derived significant benefit from completing 8 cycles of chemotherapy (training cohort, 82.97% vs 67.17%, P = 0.013; validation cohort, 89.49% vs 63.97%, P = 0.030). Conclusion: The prognostic model, integrating LODDS, pathological differentiation, and neural invasion, demonstrates strong predictive accuracy for stage III colon cancer prognosis. Moreover, stratification via this model offers valuable insights into optimal durations of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intrahepatic recurrence is one of the main causes of treatment failure in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). Hepatic steatosis was reported to provide fertile soil for metastasis. The effect of irinotecan-inducted hepatic steatosis on the progression of liver metastasis remains to be verified. Therefore, we aim to clarify the effect of hepatic steatosis on postoperative intrahepatic recurrence in CRLM and whether it is relevant to irinotecan-based chemotherapy. Methods: Data for a total of 284 patients undergoing curative surgical treatment for CRLMs were retrospectively reviewed between March 2007 and June 2018. Hepatic steatosis score (HSS) was established by combining Liver to Spleen CT ratio (LSR) and Uric acid to HDL-cholesterol ratio (UHR) to detect the presence of hepatic steatosis. Results: The evaluation model is consistent with pathological results and has high prediction ability and clinical application value. Patients with HSS high risk (HSS-HR) had significantly worse prognosis than those with HSS low risk (HSS-LR) (3-year intrahepatic RFS: 42.7% vs. 29.4%, P = 0.003; 5-year OS: 45.7% vs. 26.5%, P = 0.002). Univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed its essential role in the prediction of intrahepatic RFS. Besides, patients treated with preoperative irinotecan chemotherapy were more likely to end up with HSS-HR than those with non-irinotecan chemotherapy (63.3% vs. 21.8%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, irinotecan chemotherapy is relevant to worse prognosis in baseline HSS-HR patients. Conclusion: In summary, patients with HSS-HR had significantly worse 5-year OS and 3-year intrahepatic RFS. Irinotecan chemotherapy is more likely to lead to HSS-HR and pre-existing hepatic steatosis may be a worse prognostic factor limiting patients underwent IRI-based chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terahertz (THz) communication is an up‐and‐coming technology for the sixth‐generation wireless network. The realization of ultra‐high‐speed THz communication requires the combination of multi‐dimensional multiplexing schemes, including polarization division multiplexing (PDM), mode division multiplexing (MDM), and wavelength division multiplexing, to increase channel capacity. However, most existing devices for MDM in the THz regime are single‐purpose and incapable of multi‐dimensional modulation. Here, all‐dielectric metasurfaces are designed for 2D multiplexing/demultiplexing, which takes the lead in combining orbital angular momentum (OAM) MDM and PDM in the THz regime. The multi‐functional wavefront phase modulations and interleaved meta‐atom arrangements are used to realize polarization‐selective multichannel OAM mode (de)multiplexing, in which the linear‐polarized 4‐channel and circular‐polarized 6‐channel demultiplexing are experimentally demonstrated. Between different linear‐polarized channels, the measured maximum crosstalk is −16.88 dB, and the isolation of each channel can be greater than 10 dB in a range wider than 0.1 THz. This study paves the way for multi‐dimensional multiplexing in the THz regime, which may benefit extremely high‐capacity and integrated THz communication systems. The proposed design strategy is readily applied to multi‐functional metasurfaces for microwaves and far infrared light, facilitating the development of multiplexing technology and OAM‐related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the safety and short-term outcomes of robotic surgery for sigmoid colon and rectal cancer patients are well-documented, there is limited research on the long-term survival outcomes of robotic colorectal surgery. This is a retrospective study that includes 502 patients who underwent either laparoscopic or robotic anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection for rectal or sigmoid colon cancer between August 2016 and September 2021. All patients were diagnosed with rectal or sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma. Propensity score matching (PSM) was implemented to minimize selection bias. Perioperative outcomes, complication rates, and pathological data were evaluated and compared. The 5-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were calculated and compared. Before matching, patients in the robotic group had earlier pathological T and N stages and were more likely to have received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared to the laparoscopic group. After matching, most clinicopathological outcomes were similar between the two groups, but the robotic group had longer operative times and a lower conversion rate to open surgery compared with laparoscopic group. After matching for clinical factors, the 5-year DFS rates were 88.19% for the robotic group and 82.46% for the laparoscopic group (P = 0.122), and the OS rates were 90.5% and 79.5% (P = 0.342), showing no significant differences. In the stratified analysis, patients in the robotic surgery group had significantly higher 5-year DFS rates in the following subgroups: age < 65 years, TNM stage I-II, received neoadjuvant therapy, and primary tumor located in the rectum. The safety and efficacy of robotic surgery for sigmoid colon and rectal cancer were validated compared to laparoscopic surgery, with both groups of patients exhibiting comparable long-term prognoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Understanding the proteomic landscape associated with PCa risk can provide insights into its molecular mechanisms and pave the way for potential therapeutic interventions. Methods: A proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to determine associations between genetically predicted protein concentrations in plasma and PCa risk. From an initial list of 4,364 proteins, significant associations were identified and validated. Multiple sensitivity analyses were also conducted to enhance the robustness of our findings. Results: Of the 4,364 genetically predicted proteins, 308 exhibited preliminary associations with PCa risk. After rigorous statistical refinement, genetically predicted concentrations of 14 proteins showed positive associations with PCa risk, with odds ratios spanning from 1.55 (95% CI 1.28–1.87) for ATG4B to 2.67 (95% CI 1.94–3.67) for HCN1. In contrast, genetically predicted concentrations of ATG7, B2M, MSMB, and TMEM108 demonstrated inverse associations with PCa. The replication analysis further substantiated positive associations for MDH1 and LSM1, and a negative one for MSMB with PCa. A meta-analysis harmonizing primary and replication data mirrored these findings. Furthermore, the MVMR analysis pinpointed B2M and MSMB as having significant associations with PCa risk. Conclusion: The genetic evidence unveils a refined set of proteins associated with PCa risk. The findings underscore the potential of these proteins as molecular markers or therapeutic targets for PCa, calling for deeper mechanistic studies and exploration into their translational relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy with programmed death-ligand 1 blockade for colon cancer, especially for mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) colon cancer, has gained considerable attention recently. Objective: This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant subcutaneous envafolimab in patients with dMMR/MSI-H locally advanced colon cancer. Methods: Patients with dMMR/MSI-H locally advanced colon cancer treated with envafolimab at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Yunnan Cancer Hospital from October 2021 to July 2023 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (CR) rate, and secondary endpoints were treatment-related adverse events and complete clinical response rate. Results: Overall, 15 patients were analyzed. After neoadjuvant immunotherapy with envafolimab, six patients achieved a CR, with five partial responses, and four stable disease. Three patients achieving a complete clinical response chose to accept a "watch and wait" strategy, and surgery was performed in 12 patients. Postoperative pathology results revealed seven patients achieved pathological CRs, and five patients achieved tumor regression grade 2, with 66.7% of the total CR rate. The most common treatment-related adverse events were pruritus and rash (40%), with no severe cases. No recurrences occurred over a 7.9-month follow-up. Conclusions: Envafolimab yielded promising surgical outcomes and safety in dMMR/MSI-H locally advanced colon cancer, representing a promising treatment modality for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional electrochemical detection strategy for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is limited by the antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) reactions and suffers from low sensitivity and poor reproducibility due to the inconsistency of Ab-modified electrodes. Herein, we designed and explored a sandwich-type electrochemical sensor for highly sensitive detection of AFP based on aptamer (Apt)–AFP–Ab interaction mode with silver@gold (Ag@Au) core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) as a signal amplifier. AuNPs were electrodeposited onto MXene (Ti3C2TX)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to get AuNPs/MXene/GCE and further used as the signal amplification substrate. The tetrahedral DNA-linked AFP aptamers were immobilized onto AuNPs/MXene/GCE surface via Au–S bonds and used as the sensing and recognition platform for AFP capturing. Ag@AuNPs with core-shell structures were synthesized, characterized, and bound with Ab as detection elements by catalyzing H2O2 reduction. In the presence of AFP, a stable Apt–AFP–Ab sandwich structure was formed owing to the high affinities of aptamer and Ab toward the target AFP. The catalytic current produced by H2O2 reduction increased linearly with the logarithm of AFP concentration from 5 × 10−4 ng/mL to 1 × 105 ng/mL, accompanied by a low detection limit (1.6 × 10−4 ng/mL). Moreover, the novel sandwich-type electrochemical sensor shows high sensitivity, outstanding selectivity, and promising performance in the analysis of actual samples, displaying a broad application prospect in bioanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sandalwood essential oil, known for its rich content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, holds great promise for applications in perfumery and medicine. However, traditional production methods have raised concerns regarding their environmental impact and sustainability. This study explored subcritical ethanol extraction as a green technique to address these concerns. Under optimized conditions (6.04 MPa, 109 °C, and 2.01 mL/min), maximum oil yield reached 4.04% with substantial total phenolic compounds (TPCs) of 4.11 mg GAE/100 g and total flavonoid compounds (TFCs) of 8.85 mg QE/100 g in the extracted sandalwood oil. Furthermore, the oil displayed notable antioxidant activity AA of 71.68%. The temperature was identified as a significant factor affecting oil yield, TPCs, TFCs, and AA. The fine-tuning of the extraction temperature enhanced the desired characteristics, improving bioactive compound yields and heightening antioxidant potential. This study uses a green extraction technique to contribute to sustainable sandalwood essential oil production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, GHz and THz complex dielectric spectra of a polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (2000 g/mol) aqueous solution were studied. The reorientation relaxation of water in this kind of macro-amphiphilic molecule solution can be well described by three Debye models, including under-coordinated water, bulk-like water [water molecules in a tetrahedral hydrogen bond network (bulk water) and bulk water molecules affected by hydrophobic groups], and slow hydrating water (water molecules donating hydrogen bonds to hydrophilic ether groups). The reorientation relaxation timescales of bulk-like water and slow hydration water both show increases with concentration from 9.8 to 26.7 ps and from 46.9 to 100.1 ps, respectively. By estimating the ratios of the dipole moment of slow hydration water to the dipole moment of bulk-like water, we calculated the experimental Kirkwood factors of bulk-like and slow hydrating water. The experimental Kirkwood factor of bulk-like water increased from 3.17 to 3.44 with concentrations, while the experimental Kirkwood factor of slow hydrating water roughly remained constant at 4.13 from concentrations of 15%–60%. The estimated water molecule numbers of three water components around monomers also confirm our sorting for water components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: DNA ploidy (P), stroma fraction (S), and nucleotyping (N) collectively known as PSN, have proven prognostic accuracy in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). However, few studies have reported on the prognostic value of the PSN panel in stage III colon cancer patients receiving capecitabine and oxaliplatin adjuvant chemotherapy. Objectives: This study aimed to validate PSN's prognostic impact on stage III colon cancer, identifying candidates for optimized adjuvant chemotherapy duration. Design: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of stage III colon cancer patients from April 2008 to June 2020. Methods: Postoperative pathological samples from stage III colon cancer patients who underwent radical surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively collected. Automated digital imaging assessed PSN, categorizing risk groups. Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis compared model validity. Results: Significant differences in 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were noted among PSN-based low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups (DFS: 92.10% versus 83.62% versus 79.80%, p = 0.029; OS: 96.69% versus 93.99% versus 90.12%, p = 0.016). PSN emerged as an independent prognostic factor for DFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.409, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002–1.981, p = 0.049] and OS (HR = 1.720, 95% CI: 1.127–2.624, p = 0.012). The PSN model, incorporating perineural invasion and tumor location, displayed superior area under the curve for 5-year (0.692 versus 0.553, p = 0.020) and 10-year (0.694 versus 0.532, p = 0.006) DFS than TNM stage. In the PSN high-risk group, completing eight cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved 5-year DFS and OS compared to four to seven cycles (DFS: 89.43% versus 71.52%, p = 0.026; OS: 96.77% versus 85.46%, p = 0.007). Conclusion: The PSN panel effectively stratifies stage III colon cancer, aiding in optimized adjuvant chemotherapy duration determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Resilience is considered as a protective factor that can assist individuals to reduce post-traumatic stress reactions. In recent years, armies in many countries have widely implemented resilience training programs before deployment to prevent or reduce post-deployment combat stress reactions. Therefore, this study aims to review what is known about resilience interventions for military personnel in pre deployment. Methods: Based on Arskey and O'Malley's framework, a scoping review was completed. This review was performed through searching databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline and the Cochrane Library, and screening literature to extract data, finally summarizing the findings. Results: A total of 25 studies focusing on resilience interventions for military personnel in pre deployment were involved and analyzed using intervention approaches, outcome measures, intervention effects, and so on. Conclusion: Based on the existing evidence in this review, it is cautiously believed that the resilience intervention program for military personnel before deployment is effective. However, there is no single effective best method even the same type intervention can make different effects in different situations and populations. Therefore, the population differences and context should be fully considered in constructing and implementing program to build military personnel resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To eliminate blind spots in the field of vision and achieve a safe and collision‐free path, this paper proposes a path planning method based on multivehicle collaborative mapping in the context of vehicle networking. First, a multi vehicle map merging strategy based on the fireworks algorithm is proposed. In this strategy, a dissimilarity objective function based on the concept of grid map similarity is established and an improved fireworks algorithm is used to quickly search for the maximum overlap between local maps, achieving multivehicle collaborative mapping. Second, a real‐time path planning method based on artificial potential field theory is proposed. The information obtained from multivehicle collaborative mapping is first combined with the potential field model to form a multifield coupled road environment model. Then, the obstacle repulsion potential field model is improved to address the issues of traditional artificial potential field methods that target unreachability and poor dynamic response. The feasibility and effectiveness of the collaborative path planning method and single vehicle path planning method are tested through simulation analysis. This paper demonstrates through simulation analysis that the proposed path planning method can effectively achieve beyond line of sight perception and safely and comfortably guide vehicles to complete path planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online rumors are widespread and difficult to identify, which bring serious harm to society and individuals. To effectively detect and govern online rumors, it is necessary to conduct in-depth semantic analysis and understand the content features of rumors. This paper proposes a TFI domain ontology construction method, which aims to achieve semantic parsing and reasoning of the rumor text content. This paper starts from the term layer, the frame layer, and the instance layer, and based on the reuse of the top-level ontology, the extraction of core literature content features, and the discovery of new concepts in the real corpus, obtains the core classes (five parent classes and 88 subclasses) of the rumor domain ontology and defines their concept hierarchy. Object properties and data properties are designed to describe relationships between entities or their features, and the instance layer is created according to the real rumor datasets. OWL language is used to encode the ontology, Protégé is used to visualize it, and SWRL rules and pellet reasoner are used to mine and verify implicit knowledge of the ontology, and judge the category of rumor text. This paper constructs a rumor domain ontology with high consistency and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrolytes for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are plagued by a low Li+ transference number (T+) of conventional lithium salts and inability to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, we synthesized a self‐folded lithium salt, lithium 2‐[2‐(2‐methoxy ethoxy)ethoxy]ethanesulfonyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiETFSI), and comparatively studied with its structure analogue, lithium 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐N‐[2‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)]ethyl]methanesulfonamide (LiFEA). The special anion chemistry imparts the following new characteristics: i) In both LiFEA and LiETFSI, the ethylene oxide moiety efficiently captures Li+, resulting in a self‐folded structure and high T+ around 0.8. ii) For LiFEA, a Li−N bond (2.069 Å) is revealed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, indicating that the FEA anion possesses a high donor number (DN) and thus an intensive interphase "self‐cleaning" function for an ultra‐thin and compact SEI. iii) Starting from LiFEA, an electron‐withdrawing sulfone group is introduced near the N atom. The distance of Li−N is tuned from 2.069 Å in LiFEA to 4.367 Å in LiETFSI. This alteration enhances ionic separation, achieves a more balanced DN, and tunes the self‐cleaning intensity for a reinforced SEI. Consequently, the fast charging/discharging capability of LMBs is progressively improved. This rationally tuned anion chemistry reshapes the interactions among Li+, anions, and solvents, presenting new prospects for advanced LMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrolytes for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are plagued by a low Li+ transference number (T+) of conventional lithium salts and inability to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, we synthesized a self‐folded lithium salt, lithium 2‐[2‐(2‐methoxy ethoxy)ethoxy]ethanesulfonyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiETFSI), and comparatively studied with its structure analogue, lithium 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐N‐[2‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)]ethyl]methanesulfonamide (LiFEA). The special anion chemistry imparts the following new characteristics: i) In both LiFEA and LiETFSI, the ethylene oxide moiety efficiently captures Li+, resulting in a self‐folded structure and high T+ around 0.8. ii) For LiFEA, a Li−N bond (2.069 Å) is revealed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, indicating that the FEA anion possesses a high donor number (DN) and thus an intensive interphase "self‐cleaning" function for an ultra‐thin and compact SEI. iii) Starting from LiFEA, an electron‐withdrawing sulfone group is introduced near the N atom. The distance of Li−N is tuned from 2.069 Å in LiFEA to 4.367 Å in LiETFSI. This alteration enhances ionic separation, achieves a more balanced DN, and tunes the self‐cleaning intensity for a reinforced SEI. Consequently, the fast charging/discharging capability of LMBs is progressively improved. This rationally tuned anion chemistry reshapes the interactions among Li+, anions, and solvents, presenting new prospects for advanced LMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terahertz (THz) waves have demonstrated immense potential for various applications in multiple fields. To enable the development of compact THz applications, it is crucial to integrate THz emission and wavefront manipulation into a single device. This study proposes and experiments with a nonlinear binary THz emitter that utilizes a patterned indium-tin-oxide (ITO) film. By precisely controlling the displacements and area sizes of the composed ITO patches, we are able to fully and independently manipulate the phase and amplitude of the locally emitted THz wave at the +1st-order diffraction, so as to the corresponding wavefront. Our innovative approach provides a promising path toward miniaturized and functioning THz devices and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct bandgap semiconductor serves as a fundamental terahertz (THz) source, generating terahertz waves through ultrafast femtosecond light excitation. While the direct bandgap semiconductor THz source does not rely on an external bias voltage, its limited radiation power poses a challenge to its implementation in compact THz systems. Here, nanometasurfaces etched on a semi‐insulating gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate for enhanced THz emission are reported. The proposed semiconductor terahertz emitting nanometasurface (STEN) device based on GaAs direct bandgap semiconductor shows a 35‐fold increase in THz power and enables precise control of the emitted bandwidth. Giant emission is attributed to the enhanced absorption of pump light by the GaAs nano‐pillar array and the localized effect of the pump field. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the structures, demonstrating a negative correlation between the radiation power enhancement factor and pump power, indicating suitability for low‐power sources. This design offers broad prospects for semiconductor THz emitting nanometasurfaces, ideal for integration with compact femtosecond lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Elizabethkingia is emerging as an opportunistic pathogen in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, and genome features of Elizabethkingia spp. Methods: Clinical data from 71 patients who were diagnosed with Elizabethkingia-induced pneumonia and bacteremia between August 2019 and September 2021 were analyzed. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on seven isolates, and the results were compared with a dataset of 83 available Elizabethkingia genomes. Genomic features, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) results and clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.9 ± 20.7 years, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 29.6% (21/71). Elizabethkingia strains were obtained mainly from intensive care units (36.6%, 26/71) and emergency departments (32.4%, 23/71). The majority of the strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens (85.9%, 61/71). All patients had a history of broad-spectrum antimicrobial exposure. Hospitalization for invasive mechanical ventilation or catheter insertion was found to be a risk factor for infection. The isolates displayed a high rate of resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems, but all were susceptible to minocycline and colistin. Genomic analysis identified five β-lactamase genes (blaGOB, blaBlaB, blaCME, blaOXA, and blaTEM) responsible for β-lactam resistance and virulence genes involved in stress adaptation (ureB/G, katA/B, and clpP), adherence (groEL, tufA, and htpB) and immune modulation (gmd, tviB, cps4J, wbtIL, cap8E/D/G, and rfbC). Functional analysis of the COGs revealed that "metabolism" constituted the largest category within the core genome, while "information storage and processing" was predominant in both the accessory and unique genomes. The unique genes in our 7 strains were mostly enriched in KEGG pathways related to microRNAs in cancer, drug resistance (β-lactam and vancomycin), ABC transporters, biological metabolism and biosynthesis, and nucleotide excision repair mechanisms. Conclusion: The Elizabethkingia genus exhibits multidrug resistance and carries carbapenemase genes. This study presents a comparative genomic analysis of Elizabethkingia, providing knowledge that facilitates a better understanding of this microorganism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Danmakus are user-generated comments that overlay on videos, enabling real-time interactions between viewers and video content. The emotional orientation of danmakus can reflect the attitudes and opinions of viewers on video segments, which can help video platforms optimize video content recommendation and evaluate users' abnormal emotion levels. Aiming at the problems of low transferability of traditional sentiment analysis methods in the danmaku domain, low accuracy of danmaku text segmentation, poor consistency of sentiment annotation, and insufficient semantic feature extraction, this paper proposes a video danmaku sentiment analysis method based on MIBE-RoBERTa-FF-BiLSTM. This paper constructs a "Bilibili Must-Watch List and Top Video Danmaku Sentiment Dataset" by ourselves, covering 10,000 positive and negative sentiment danmaku texts of 18 themes. A new word recognition algorithm based on mutual information (MI) and branch entropy (BE) is used to discover 2610 irregular network popular new words from trigrams to heptagrams in the dataset, forming a domain lexicon. The Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is applied to guide the consistent sentiment annotation. The domain lexicon is integrated into the feature fusion layer of the RoBERTa-FF-BiLSTM model to fully learn the semantic features of word information, character information, and context information of danmaku texts and perform sentiment classification. Comparative experiments on the dataset show that the model proposed in this paper has the best comprehensive performance among the mainstream models for video danmaku text sentiment classification, with an F1 value of 94.06%, and its accuracy and robustness are also better than other models. The limitations of this paper are that the construction of the domain lexicon still requires manual participation and review, the semantic information of danmaku video content and the positive case preference are ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, orbital angular momentum has garnered considerable interest in the field of plasmonics owing to the emergence of surface-confined vortices, known as plasmonic vortices. Significant progress has been made in the generation and manipulation of plasmonic vortices, which broadly unveil the natures of plasmonic spin–orbit coupling and provide accessible means for light–matter interactions. However, traditional characterizations in the frequency domain miss some detailed information on the plasmonic vortex evolution process. Herein, an exotic spin–orbit coupling phenomenon is demonstrated. More specifically, we theoretically investigated and experimentally verified a temporally deuterogenic vortex mode, which can be observed only in the time domain and interferes destructively in the intensity field. The spatiotemporal evolution of this concomitant vortex can be tailored with different designs and incident beams. This work extends the fundamental understanding of plasmonic spin–orbit coupling and provides a unique optical force manipulation strategy, which may fuel plasmonic research and applications in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the risk factors of delirium in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery. Methods: We searched electronic bibliographic databases for eligible original studies published until November 2022. After literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation, meta-analysis was performed using Stata17.0 and RevMan5.4. Results: A total of 16 studies were included, The incidence of delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture was 23.0% [95%CI= (20%~26%)]. The main risk factors for perioperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture were advanced age [OR=1.24, 95%CI = (1.10-1.40), P< 0.001], pain [OR=2.01, 95% CI = (1.48-2.75), P<0.001], stroke history [OR=5.22, 95%CI = (2.75-9.92), P<0.001], complications ≥3 [OR = 2.25,95%CI = (1.33-3.81), P=0.002], preoperative cognitive dysfunction [OR=3.45, 95%CI = (2.51-4.75), P<0.001], hypoxemia [OR=3.91, 95%CI = (2.70-5.67), P<0.001], long preoperative wait time [OR=3.98, 95%CI = (1.16-13.98), P=0.030], general anesthesia [OR=2.55, 95%CI = (1.81-3.59), P<0.001], long operation time [OR=1.61, 95%CI = (1.22-2.11), P<0.001], preoperative low albumin [OR=6.42, 95% CI= (2.59-15.88), P<0.001], low BMl [OR= 3.06, 95% CI= (1.71-5.46), P<0.001]. Conclusion: The incidence of postoperation delirium in elderly patients of hip fracture is high and there are many influencing factors. Early screening and intervention for delirium risk should be carried out to reduce the impact of adverse outcomes on patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial fields owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged subwavelength artificial structures. Terahertz vortex beams have become a focus of research in recent years due to their prominent role in many cutting-edge applications. However, traditional terahertz vortex beam plates are often faced with challenges including large size, low efficiency, and limited working bandwidth. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate highly efficient and broadband vortex beam plates based on metasurface in the terahertz region. The experimental results well verify that the designed metasurfaces can efficiently generate terahertz vortex beams with different orbital angular momentum topological charges in the range of 0.5–1 THz. Notably, the maximum efficiency can reach about 65% at 0.5 THz. The proposed devices may play a vital role in developing vortex beams-related terahertz applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To facilitate accurate prediction and empirical research on regional agricultural carbon emissions, this paper uses the LLE-PSO-XGBoost carbon emission model, which combines the Local Linear Embedding (LLE), Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO) and Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm (XGBoost), to forecast regional agricultural carbon emissions in Anhui Province under different scenarios. The results show that the regional agricultural carbon emissions in Anhui Province generally show an upward and then downward trend during 2000–2021, and the regional agricultural carbon emissions in Anhui Province in 2030 are expected to fluctuate between 11,342,100 tones and 14,445,700 tones under five different set scenarios. The projections of regional agricultural carbon emissions can play an important role in supporting the development of local regional agriculture, helping to guide the input and policy guidance of local rural low-carbon agriculture and promoting the development of rural areas towards a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud detection is a necessary step before the application of remote sensing images. However, most methods focus on cloud detection in daytime remote sensing images. The ignored nighttime remote sensing images play more and more important role in many fields such as urban monitoring, population estimation and disaster assessment. The radiation intensity similarity between artificial lights and clouds is higher in nighttime remote sensing images than in daytime remote sensing images, which makes it difficult to distinguish artificial lights from clouds. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep learning-based method (MFFCD-Net) to detect clouds for day and nighttime remote sensing images. MFFCD-Net is designed based on the encoder-decoder structure. The encoder adopts Resnet-50 as the backbone network for better feature extraction, and a dilated residual up-sampling module (DR-UP) is designed in the decoder for up-sampling feature maps while enlarging the receptive field. A multi-scale feature extraction fusion module (MFEF) is designed to enhance the ability of the MFFCD-Net to distinguish regular textures of artificial lights and random textures of clouds. An Global Feature Recovery Fusion Module (GFRF Module) is designed to select and fuse the feature in the encoding stage and the feature in the decoding stage, thus to achieve better cloud detection accuracy. This is the first time that a deep learning-based method is designed for cloud detection both in day and nighttime remote sensing images. The experimental results on Suomi-NPP VIIRS DNB images show that MFFCD-Net achieves higher accuracy than baseline methods both in day and nighttime remote sensing images. Results on daytime remote sensing images indicate that MFFCD-Net can obtain better balance on commission and omission rates than baseline methods (92.3% versus 90.5% on F1-score). Although artificial lights introduced strong interference in cloud detection in nighttime remote sensing images, the accuracy values of MFFCD-Net on OA, Precision, Recall, and F1-score are still higher than 90%. This demonstrates that MFFCD-Net can better distinguish artificial lights from clouds than baseline methods in nighttime remote sensing images. The effectiveness of MFFCD-Net proves that it is very promising for cloud detection both in day and nighttime remote sensing images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Emerge evidence suggests that circular RNA (circRNA) is a pivotal player in cancer progression. However, its role in CRC liver metastasis remains largely unknown. Methods: Circ-YAP expression was detected by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The function of circ-YAP was tested by wound healing, transwell and CCK-8 assays. RNA immunoprecipitation, pull-down, luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the mechanism underlying circ-YAP promoting CRC liver metastasis. CRC liver metastasis animal model was established to assess the effect of circ-YAP in vivo. Results: Circ-YAP was notably upregulated in CRC with liver metastasis, which was associated with dismal prognosis. Circ-YAP promoted CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro, and facilitated liver metastasis in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models in vivo. Mechanistically, circ-YAP encoded a novel truncated protein containing 220 amino acids, termed as YAP-220aa, which competitively bound to LATS1, resulting in YAP dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation, thereby activating a cohort of metastasis-promoting genes. Importantly, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification orchestrated efficient initiation of circ-YAP translation, requiring m6A reader YTHDF3 and eIF4G2 translation initiation complex. Intriguingly, circ-YAP was transcriptionally enhanced by YAP/TEAD complex, thus forming a positive regulatory feed-forward loop. Conclusions: Our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized oncoprotein encoded by circ-YAP, implying a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC patients with liver metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of manual compass measurement and trigonometric determination of proptosis (MCMATDP). Methods: This agreement study included 120 eyes without eye diseases or injury of 60 patients who visited the ophthalmic clinic of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from February 2020 to June 2020. The absolute values of proptosis were measured by MCMATDP and computed tomography (CT). The differences between the two methods were shown by Bland–Altman plot. Results: The cohort comprised 25 males and 35 females (average age 38.3 years). The absolute value of proptosis measured by CT was correlated with the MCMATDP. Further analysis showed that a 95% limit of agreement (LoA) was − 0.53 to 0.60 mm in the right eye and − 0.46 to 0.55 mm in the left eye between CT and MCMATDP. In addition, the 95% LoA was − 0.49 to 0.60 mm in both eyes between the two methods. All points were < 5% in Bland–Altman plots. Conclusions: Compared to CT, MCMATDP is rather consistent in proptosis measurement. The new method is feasible in clinical practice when measuring proptosis. With the development of non-contact intelligent measurement software and the continuous improvement in measurement accuracy, a non-invasive, simple, and inexpensive measurement mode is true based on the theory of MCMATDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the proportions of epoxy emulsion and antirust agent on the main properties of waterborne anticorrosive paint were studied. The results showed that the epoxy emulsion prepared with 14% (mass fraction) of DER- 425 epoxy modified emulsifier and 56% (mass fraction) of DER-439 epoxy resin had an average particle size of 923 nm, a viscosity of 4.1 Pa·s, and good resistance to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetone, and dichloroethane. The epoxy emulsion was modified with 0.6% (mass fraction) of graphene, and then used to prepare a paint by blending it with a zinc aluminum phosphite antirust agent at a mass ratio of (6-8):1. The cured coating of the paint can endure neutral salt spray corrosion for 1 104 hours, 1 kg impact from a height of 50 cm, immersion in acids, and being rubbed by organic media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificially designed modulators that enable a wealth of freedom in manipulating the terahertz (THz) waves at will are an essential component in THz sources and their widespread applications. Dynamically controlled metasurfaces, being multifunctional, ultrafast, integrable, broadband, high contrasting, and scalable on the operating wavelength, are critical in developing state-of-the-art THz modulators. Recently, external stimuli-triggered THz metasurfaces integrated with functional media have been extensively explored. The vanadium dioxide (VO2)-based hybrid metasurfaces, as a unique path toward active meta-devices, feature an insulator–metal phase transition under the excitation of heat, electricity, and light, etc. During the phase transition, the optical and electrical properties of the VO2 film undergo a massive modification with either a boosted or dropped conductivity by more than four orders of magnitude. Being benefited from the phase transition effect, the electromagnetic response of the VO2-based metasufaces can be actively controlled by applying external excitation. In this review, we present recent advances in dynamically controlled THz metasurfaces exploiting the VO2 phase transition categorized according to the external stimuli. THz time-domain spectroscopy is introduced as an indispensable platform in the studies of functional VO2 films. In each type of external excitation, four design strategies are employed to realize external stimuli-triggered VO2-based THz metasurfaces, including switching the transreflective operation mode, controlling the dielectric environment of metallic microstructures, tailoring the equivalent resonant microstructures, and modifying the electromagnetic properties of the VO2 unit cells. The microstructures' design and electromagnetic responses of the resulting active metasurfaces have been systematically demonstrated, with a particular focus on the critical role of the VO2 films in the dynamic modulation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terahertz metamaterials have shown promises in biomolecules detection, however, aqueous solvents such as blood serum strongly absorb the terahertz waves, interfering with the detection. To avoid such interference, an ultrathin, flexible, biogel‐based metamaterial that can specifically detect the transmission of terahertz waves through biomolecules in aqueous solution is proposed and demonstrated. The glucose in water can be detected with a sensitivity of 0.0446 dL mg−1 and a detection limit of 1.64 mg dL−1, as well as glucose in human serum. The metamaterial that detects glucose in human sweat is part of a wearable device. The biosensor functions well for more than 100 detection cycles. The results suggest a strategy for real‐time detection of glucose and potentially other biomolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been categorized as a form of inflammatory cell death mode of neutrophils (NETosis) involved in natural immunity and the regulation of adaptive immunity. More and more studies revealed the ability of NETs to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) by limiting antitumor effector cells, which may impair the efficacy of immunotherapy. To explore whether NETs-related genes make vital impacts on Colon carcinoma (COAD), we have carried out a systematic analysis and showed several findings in the present work. First, we obtained the patient's data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, aiming to detect two NETs-associated subtypes by consensus clustering. For the purpose of annotating the roles of NETs-related pathways, gene ontology enrichment analyses were adopted. Next, we constructed a 6 novel NETs-related genes score using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression model. We found that the NETs risk score was notably upregulated in COAD patient samples, and its levels were notably correlated with tumor clinicopathological and immune traits. Then, according to NETs-associated molecular subtypes and the risk signature, this study compared immune cell infiltration calculated through the estimate, CIBERSORT, TIMER, ssGSEA algorithms, tumor immune dysfunction, as well as exclusion (TIDE). Furthermore, we confirm that MPO(myeloperoxidase) was significantly upregulated in COAD patient samples, and its levels were significantly linked to tumor malignancy and clinic outcome. Moreover, multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) spatial analysis confirmed that MPO was closely related to Treg and PD-1 + Treg in spatial location which suggested MPO may paly an important role in TIME formation. Altogether, the obtained results indicated that a six NETs-related genes prognostic signature was conducive to estimating the prognosis and response of chemo-/immuno-therapy of COAD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The security of the dynamic heterogeneous redundancy (DHR) architecture relies on the heterogeneity of its executors, which also defines the vulnerability of the mimic system. In order to select executors with reliable and significant dissimilarity as service executors, we propose a DHR executor selection algorithm based on historical credibility and dissimilarity clustering (HCDC), which adds two metrics of executor historical credibility and dissimilarity. First, to maximize the difference between heterogeneous executor pools, clustering is performed based on the dissimilarity of the executor. Second, the executor with the highest historical credibility is selected from the heterogeneous executor pool as the candidate pool. The historical credibility is dynamically updated by the negative feedback control based on the results of the multi-mode adjudicator. Finally, the dynamic scheduling algorithm selects the executors from the candidate pool to form the set of service executors. The simulation results demonstrate that, in comparison to existing methods, the algorithm reduces the attack success rate and average failure rate while increasing system reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer-metal hybrids were prepared by using the ultrasonic-assisted hot-press molding process. The surface of the aluminum alloy is anodized to produce nano-pores with a pore size distribution of 60 to 210 nm. The surface of the anodized aluminum alloy is soaked with a silane coupling agent solution to alter its surface polarity. In addition, PP-g-MAH was used to alter the polarity of polypropylene. The structure and properties of the composites were investigated by tensile shear tests, the microstructure of the bonding interface, and elemental analysis. The results show that adding silane coupling agents can create a chemical connection based on the mechanical interlocking structure of the composite bonding interface, leading to an increase in tensile shear strength. When the aluminum alloy surface was treated with a silane coupling agent with a volume fraction of 4%, the tensile shear strength reached 21.02 MPa, increasing by 20.32% compared to the specimen without the silane coupling agent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium alloy/PC/ABS composites were prepared by hot-press molding technology. The bonding strength is the crucial factor to influence the comprehensive performance of this composite, and it was closely related to the different processing parameters such as temperature, pressure and time. After exploring their relationship, the optimal hot-press processing condition was obtained. The micro- and nano-structure of composites also received attention. Before hot-pressed, the magnesium alloy surface was treated by micro-arc oxidation in order to construct the nano-sized pores. With the aid of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), a refined mechanical interlocking structure was observed with the formation of coordinate bonds at the interface of an alloy-polymer hybrid. The binding energy of the chemical elements at the bonding interface of the composite was also tested by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the analysis concluded that coordination bonds were formed at the bonding interface. The maximum tensile shear strength of the composite reached 9.48 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of social media, new opportunities have been provided for the generation and dissemination of online rumors, making systematic study of rumor detection of great significance for the control and governance of internet rumors. Addressing the limitations of past review studies on rumor detection which were characterized by a single perspective, reliance on subjective judgment, and lack of technological evolution theory, this paper reviews 983 rumor detection articles in the SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, CCR-EXPANDED, and IC databases of the Web of Science. Utilizing Citespace and VOSviewer for visual analysis of the articles, and adopting bibliometric theories like network analysis and topic evolution analysis, this study identifies core research groups in the field of rumor detection based on author collaboration network and institution collaboration network. Through high-frequency keyword clustering graph and keyword co-occurrence graph, the study unveils topic associations and cluster structures among keywords, explicates research hotspots in the field of rumor detection, and conducts a fine-grained critical comparative analysis. According to keyword time graph, keyword bursts table, and trends in the number of publications in hot technology fields, combined with the S-curve technology evolution theory, the study discerns the life cycle and research trends of technologies in the rumor detection field. Compared to existing literature reviews, this paper is the first to propose integrating bibliometrics and S-curve technology evolution theory to reveal the state of relevant technologies and research frontiers. Plain Language Summary: A Review and Analysis of Rumor Detection Research There are many rumors on social media, which can mislead the public and disrupt the social order. How to detect rumors is an important research problem. Rumor detection can help control the spread and diffusion of rumors, and reduce their negative impact on the public and society. This article reviews and analyzes the research on rumor detection, using a combination of bibliometrics and S-curve technology evolution theory, and summarizes the research status, hotspots and trends of rumor detection. It finds that the research on rumor detection mainly has five aspects: rumor detection based on machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, multimodal fusion and trust network. These aspects have their own advantages, challenges and improvements. The technologies used are in different stages of maturity and have different development potentials. The most promising ones are multimodal fusion and trust network, which can extract more rich and effective rumor features, and enhance the effect and credibility of rumor detection. This article provides a new perspective and method for the research on rumor detection, and helps researchers better understand and predict the technical status and research frontier of rumor detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is a common tumor of the urological system for which surgery is the preferred treatment, but there is a lack of therapeutic options after surgery. This study aims to explore the biological role of GNG7 on CCRCC from a genetic perspective. Differences in mRNA expression and patient survival of GNG7 in patients with CCRCC and healthy patients were analyzed using the TCGA database. It was observed that GNG7 gene expression was downregulated in CCRCC tissue compared with healthy tissue, and high GNG7 predicted better prognosis for patients, and GNG7 also showed strong variability in clinical and TMN staging. The immune relevance of GNG7 and related genes was explored using renal cancer data from CCLE and TISIDB database. It was verified that the risk score constructed by 7 GNG7-related regulators might be used as an independent prognostic risk factor for CCRCC. A CCRCC prognostic model that involved 7 immune genes was further established to predict the survival probabilities of patients. At last, the GEO database and immunochemical tissue staining were used to validate GNG7 expression in CCRCC. Our study proposed a novel panel of genes to predict CCRCC OS based on GNG7-related immune genes, which may help to accurately predict the prognosis of CCRCC patients and make better clinical decisions for individual treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxaliplatin is a widely used chemotherapy drug for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC); however, frequent drug resistance limits its therapeutic efficacy in patients. Here, this work identifies cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) as a critical contributor to oxaliplatin resistance via in vitro and in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 screening. CDK1 is highly expressed in oxaliplatin‐resistant cells and tissues due to the loss of N6‐methyladenosine modification. Genetic and pharmacological blockade of CDK1 restore the susceptibility of CRC cells to oxaliplatin in vitro and in cell/patient‐derived xenograft models. Mechanistically, CDK1 directly binds to and phosphorylates Acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family 4 (ACSL4) at S447, followed by recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR5 and polyubiquitination of ACSL4 at K388, K498, and K690, which leads to ACSL4 protein degradation. Reduced ACSL4 subsequently blocks the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid containing lipids, thereby inhibiting lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, a unique iron‐dependent form of oxidative cell death. Moreover, treatment with a ferroptosis inhibitor nullifies the enhancement of CRC cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin by CDK1 blockade in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the findings indicate that CDK1 confers oxaliplatin resistance to cells by suppressing ferroptosis. Therefore, administration of a CDK1 inhibitor may be an attractive strategy to treat patients with oxaliplatin‐resistant CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt blue ceramic pigments mainly consisting of CoAl2O4 are subject to the difficulty of color control. Here, a perspective is reported regarding research on the reasons for color change based on the control of the heat treatment and ratio of components. Macroscopically, the composition of pigment powders determines the color. Microscopically, the crystallite characters including size, cation distribution, and structure have an important effect on the color. The ingredient, structural, and color properties of the pigment powders are analyzed using thermo gravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, Rietveld refinement, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and colorimetry analysis. The color is proven to be associated with cation distribution, such as that of Co2+ and Co3+. It is indicated that high heating temperature, long heating time, and a large proportion of Al3+ can, respectively, induce the Co2+ and Al3+ in tetrahedral and octahedral sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of Co-Cr-Fe-based black pigments bears considerable significance within the realm of commercial ceramic pigments, owing to their distinctive spinel structure, remarkable high-temperature stability, and exceptional chromatic attributes. This study delves into the synthesis of diverse black pigment configurations by employing the co-precipitation method, leveraging the interplay of these three metallic oxides. This investigation encompasses a comprehensive scrutiny of ion valences, crystal structures and parameters, colorimetric properties, and their interrelationships. The methodology integrates the response surface methodology (RSM) framework, using theoretical formulations to navigate the material ratios and elucidating the associations between the resultant compositions and color coordinate values, aligned with the CIE-Lab* colorimetric methodology. The derived predictive models yielded an optimized black pigment composition, characterized by heightened black intensity and a refined formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metasurfaces have proved to possess extraordinary properties and propelled the development of versatile functional devices in the terahertz domain, but the intrinsic dispersion severely impedes their broadband applications. Sporadic studies on achromatic terahertz metasurfaces are either subject to specific polarization operation or challenged in the fabrication process for extended bandwidth and numerical aperture. Herein a novel meta‐atom scheme made up of a silicon–silica–silicon sandwich‐shaped structure is presented that enlarges the propagation phase as well as improves the dispersion engineering capability at low losses. As a classic case, an achromatic metalens is constituted by these meta‐atoms and experimentally demonstrated which shows a remarkable achromatic focusing performance from 0.5 to 1.1 THz with a numerical aperture of 0.47 and an average efficiency as high as 43.1%. Continuous wavelet transformation analysis further proves the metalens has negligible group delay dispersion. This study not only demonstrates an outstanding terahertz achromatic metalens but also provides a novel meta‐atom paradigm for constructing achromatic metasurfaces such as holographic plate, beam deflector, and Bessel axicon, further not limited to THz bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized microbial identification. However, there is a lack of data on its performance in identifying filamentous fungi. The objective of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Autof ms1000 mass spectrometry for identifying filamentous fungi in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Results: Among 106 samples tested using the Autof ms1000 system, 101 (95.28%) were identified at the genus or species level, and 81 (76.41%) were accurately identified at the species level. Additionally, we developed a new rapid formic acid extraction method with simple pretreatment for filamentous fungi that saved time and provided accurate results. Conclusions: The Autof ms1000 mass spectrometer proved to be a valuable tool for identifying filamentous fungi. However, upgrading the database is recommended for correctly identifying rare strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although remarkable advances have been made over the past decades, more functional devices suitable for practical systems are needed to further facilitate the development and application of terahertz technology. Among them, polarization devices are essential in terahertz systems. In this work, a metasurface with a multi-angle polarization conversion function is proposed. The device is composed of a top metal structure layer, a dielectric spacer, and a bottom metal film. The unit cell in the metal structure layer consists of two L-shaped elements which are symmetric about the −45° axis and rotated clockwise and counterclockwise around the center, respectively. Cross-polarization conversion can be achieved when the metal structure is in its original position. When the structure is rotated counterclockwise at a certain angle around the center, oblique polarization conversion can be realized within the same frequency band. If we keep rotating the structure, more polarization conversion angles can be achieved. Compared with recent reports, the structure proposed here is more flexible in polarization conversion and more suitable for practical applications and has great potential in the terahertz field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substitutional lanthanide doping of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is expected to be a promising strategy to engineer optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties of TMDs. Understanding the interactions between lanthanide dopants and 2D TMDs host is one of the key problems to be resolved for their profound research studies. Herein, the interactions between Ce dopants and monolayer WS2 in a physical vapor deposition grown Ce‐doped WS2 monolayer are studied by combining scanning tunneling microscopy with optical characterizations with high spatial and temporal resolution. It is found that the highly anisotropic crystal field can effectively split the energy levels of the Ce dopants' f orbital. The electrons in the split energy levels can bind the holes in the valence band maximum of the Ce‐doped WS2, forming optical bright excitons. These excitons collide with the free A excitons when increasing the pump fluences, reducing the A exciton's lifetime. This study may be beneficial for the design and fabrication of optical, electronic, and optoelectronic devices based on lanthanide‐doped TMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation and manipulation of terahertz (THz) waves are of vital importance for advancing THz technology. Nonlinear metasurfaces allow effective integration of both processes into a single compact device. However, such existing THz devices commonly rely on utilizing a single meta‐atom, which has fixed THz generation properties and thus limits the range of achievable functionalities. Here, it is demonstrate how coupling between different meta‐atoms within the unit‐cell can be used as a degree of freedom for controlling nonlinear THz generation, where achiral coupling provides full control over the amplitude of the generated THz field, while chiral coupling makes the THz generation sensitive to the handedness of the pump polarization. In particular, chiral coupling allows the realization of multiplexed pump‐handedness‐selective nonlinear metasurfaces, which is illustrated experimentally by selectively generating THz beams with different orbital angular momentum with a single nonlinear metasurface. This approach provides opportunities for developing various integrated nonlinear THz devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing the data of 328 cities in China from 2003 to 2019, this paper adopts the vertical and horizontal scatter-grade method, fixed base efficacy method, and social network analysis method to estimate the level of high quality development of these cities, and further analyzes the characteristics, transmission mechanism and influencing factors of the spatial correlation network for high quality development. It is found as follows. ➀ The average value of high quality development indexes of cities in China is on the rise and the high quality development level from high to low is the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions, and the number of medium-level and medium-high-level cities is increasing year by year. ➁ The spatial correlation network density of high quality development is high, and the majority of cities with high centrality are distributed in the central region. The spatial correlation network can be divided into eight sectors, comprising three bidirectional spillover sectors, one net spillover sector, two broker sectors, and two main beneficiary sectors. The spillover sectors are concentrated in the eastern coastal and central regions, while the beneficiary sectors are mostly located in the western region. There are multiple transmission paths between the sectors, and the broker sector plays a bridge role in it. ➂ The formation of spatial correlation network of high quality development is mainly attributed to the differences in economic development, governmental intervention, and geographical proximity among cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study identified the function of neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down‐regulated 4‐like (NEDD4L) on bladder cancer (BLCA). Methods: NEDD4L expression in BLCA patients was scrutinized. The function of NEDD4L on the viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion of BLCA cells was evaluated by cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry and Transwell assays. The effect of NEDD4L on the cisplatin (DDP) resistance of the DDP‐resistant BLCA cells was explored. The influence of NEDD4L on the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway activity in BLCA cells was tested by Western blot. Rescue experiments were implemented to verify whether NEDD4L regulated BLCA cell malignant behavior by mediating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway activity via p62. The effect of NEDD4L on the growth and the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway activity in vivo was researched in xenograft tumor nude mice models. Results: The down‐regulated NEDD4L in BLCA patients was associated with unfavorable survival. NEDD4L suppressed the viability (inhibition rate 57.1%/49.0%), migration (inhibition rate 49.7%/77.1%), invasion (inhibition rate 50.6%/75.7%), promoted the apoptosis of T24/5637 cells (promotion rate 243.8%/201.9%), reduced IC 50 of DDP‐resistant T24/5637 cells from 132.2/101.8 to 57.81/59.71 μM, respectively, and inactivated the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in T24/5637 cells. p62 up‐regulation partially abrogated the inhibition of NEDD4L on the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway activity, the malignant behavior of BLCA cells, and the DDP resistance of DDP‐resistant BLCA cells. NEDD4L overexpression inhibited the tumor growth and the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway activity in vivo in BLCA. Conclusion: NEDD4L inhibits the progression of BLCA by inactivating the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. It may be an effective target for BLCA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their biocompatibility, chemical stability, film-forming ability, cost-effectiveness, and excellent electroactive properties, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and PVDF-based polymers are widely used in sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, etc. In this review, the recent research progress on the PVDF phase structures and identification of different phases is outlined. Several approaches for obtaining the electroactive phase of PVDF and preparing PVDF-based nanocomposites are described. Furthermore, the potential applications of these materials in wearable sensors and human energy harvesters are discussed. Finally, some challenges and perspectives for improving the properties and boosting the applications of these materials are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]