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In this work, layer-by-layer organic photovoltaics (LbL OPVs) were prepared by sequentially spin-coating PM1 and L8-BO solutions. The solvent additive 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), which has a high boiling point, and solid additive l,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB), which has a high volatile, were deliberately selected to incorporate with the L8-BO solutions. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of LbL OPVs was considerably enhanced from 17.43% to 18.50% by employing TCB as the additive, profiting by the concurrently increased short-circuit current density (JSC) of 26.74 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 76.88%. The increased JSCs of LbL OPVs with TCB as additive were ascribed to the tilted-up absorption edge in the long wavelength range and the external quantum-efficiency spectral difference between LbL OPVs with and without TCB as an additive. The molecular arrangement of L8-BO and the PM1 domain was enhanced with TCB as an additive, which was most likely responsible for the increased charge mobilities in the layered films processed with additives. It was indicated that the dynamic film-forming process of the acceptor layers plays a vital role in achieving efficient LbL OPVs by employing additive strategy. Over 6% PCE improvement of the LbL OPVs with PM1/L8-BO as the active layers can be achieved by employing TCB as additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vector forces at the human-mattress interface are not only crucial for understanding the distribution of vertical and shear forces exerted on the human body during sleep but also serves as a significant input for biomechanical models of sleeping positions, whose accuracy determines the credibility of predicting musculoskeletal system loads. In this study, we introduce a novel method for calculating the interface vector forces. By recording indentations after supine and lateral positions using a vacuum mattress and 3D scanner, we utilize image registration techniques to align body pressure distribution with the mattress deformation scanning images, thereby calculating the vector force values for each unit area (36.25 mm × 36.25 mm). This method was validated through five participants attendance from two perspectives, revealing that (1) the mean summation of the vertical force components is 98.67% ± 7.21% body weight, exhibiting good consistency, and mean ratio of horizontal component force to body weight is 2.18% ± 1.77%. (2) the predicted muscle activity using the vector forces as input to the sleep position model aligns with the measured muscle activity (%MVC), with correlation coefficient over 0.7. The proposed method contributes to the vector force distribution understanding and the analysis of musculoskeletal loads during sleep, providing valuable insights for mattress design and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photomultiplication type organic photodetectors (PM‐OPDs) exhibit obvious superiority in weak light detection due to their low dark current density (JD) and large photo‐induced current density (JPI). The JD is one of the important parameters that influences light detection sensitivity of PM‐OPDs, how to effectively suppress the JD is a great challenge to improve the performance of PM‐OPDs. In this work, the JD of PM‐OPDs can be suppressed by employing PTAA or doped‐PTAA as the interfacial layer replacing PEDOT:PSS layer. The PM‐OPDs with PTAA layer exhibit a low JD of 2.3 × 10−7 A cm−2 under −6 V bias, which is much smaller than 1.4 × 10−6 A cm−2 for PM‐OPDs with PEDOT:PSS layer. The small molecule DRCN5T is incorporated into PTAA to further passivate surficial defects of PTAA films, which is conducive to reducing the leakage current of PM‐OPDs. The optimal PM‐OPDs exhibit rather low JD of 8.4 × 10−8 A cm−2 under −6 V bias, as well as external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31700% and specific detectivity (D*) of 1.2 × 1013 Jones at 370 nm. The signal‐noise‐ratio of optimal PM‐OPDs arrives to 89600 under −4.5 V bias under white light illumination with intensity of 1.5 mW cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two kinds of polymer solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated with polymer donor PM6 and small molecule non‐fullerene acceptor L8‐BO as accepted based on bulk heterojunction (BHJ) or layer‐by‐layer (LbL) structure. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.43 % and 17.84 % can be achieved from the PSCs based on BHJ and LbL structure, respectively. Two kinds of PSCs exhibit the same open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.88 V, which can be well explained from the same donor and acceptor materials and the same electrodes. The LbL based PSCs exhibit a relatively large short circuit current density (JSC) of 26.97 mA cm−2 and fill factor (FF) of 77.64 % in comparison with JSC of 26.64 mA cm−2 and FF of 76.07 % for BHJ based PSCs. The relatively high PCE of LbL based PSCs should be attributed to the sufficient exciton dissociation and charge collection efficiency, as well as the more balanced charge transport, which can be confirmed from the photogenerated current density dependence on the effective bias. This work demonstrates that layer‐by‐layer structure may have great potential in preparing highly efficient PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, pseudo-bilayer planar heterojunction (PPHJ) all-polymer solar cells (APSCs) were constructed on the basis of the commonly used PY-IT and PM6 as the acceptor and donor, respectively. A nonfullerene small molecular acceptor (NF-SMA) BTP-eC9 was incorporated into the PY-IT layer as the solid additive in consideration of its similar building block to PY-IT. BTP-eC9 can serve as a photon capture reinforcer and morphology-regulating agent to realize more adequate photon capture, as well as a more orderly molecular arrangement for effective carrier transport. By incorporating 2 wt% BTP-eC9, the efficiency of PM6/PY-IT-based PPHJ-APSCs was boosted from 15.11% to 16.47%, accompanied by a synergistically enhanced short circuit current density (JSC, 23.36 vs. 24.08 mA cm−2) and fill factor (FF, 68.83% vs. 72.76%). In another all-polymer system, based on PBQx-TCl/PY-DT as the active layers, the efficiency could be boosted from 17.51% to 18.07%, enabled by the addition of 2 wt% L8-BO, which further verified the effectiveness of using an NF-SMA as a solid additive. This work demonstrates that incorporating an NF-SMA as a solid additive holds great potential for driving the development of PPHJ-APSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As construction continues, a large number of concrete engineering facilities will be put into use in permafrost areas, which poses a challenge to the long-term service of concrete materials. To investigate the evolution of strength and pore structure of concrete under the cold permafrost environment, concrete compressive strength tests and mercury intrusion tests were performed at four molding temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 15°C, and 20°C) under continuous −5°C curing and standard curing conditions. Under negative-temperature curing, the strength of concrete at an early age reached about 80% that of standard curing; however, its strength at a later age was comparable to that at 28 days under standard curing. Under negative-temperature curing, the most probable pore size and porosity at 28 days of age were larger than those under standard curing. Increasing the molding temperature was beneficial for the promotion of the internal hydration reaction of concrete, refining its microscopic pore structure, and promoting its strength development. The strength of concrete with different porosities and average pore diameters could be predicted better using the Atzeni model or the bivariate Hasselmann model. Based on maturity theory, an equivalent age model of concrete under a permafrost temperature environment was established. The prediction deviation of the model was controlled within ±5% , so the model can be used to predict the time-dependent strength of concrete in permafrost zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (Quasi2D) perovskite materials gained widespread attention due to whose unique and highly desirable luminescence properties. However, the behavior of perovskite lightemitting diodes (PeLEDs) is prejudiced by inefficient cascading energy transfer of perovskite film and unbalanced charges injection. Here, ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcAd) is employed between hole transport layer (HTL) and perovskite layer as a molecular bridge to solve the current problems of PeLEDs. Ferrocene units can bond with [PbBr6]4−, forming one‐dimensional (1D) intermediate phases of FcPbBr3 at the interface, which can manipulate the growth kinetics of perovskite and reconstruct the phase distribution. Therefore, due to the suppression of low dimensional phase content, not only is the cascaded energy transfer of PEA2(CsPbBr3)2PbBr4 films effectively achieved, but also the quasi‐2D perovskite's work function is reduced. Additionally, Pb2+ coordinated with the carboxyl group of FcAd, inducing an electric dipole effect that leads to an further upward shift of the perovskite energy level. Eventually, the synergy achieves a significant tailoring between the perovskite and HTL energy exhibits the most excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeds 27% and optimal brightness exceeds 240000 cd m−2. Therefore, the preparation method will provide an effective strategy to widen the color gamut of next‐generation displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The layer‐by‐layer (LbL) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are constructed with wide‐bandgap donor PM1 and narrow‐bandgap acceptor L8‐BO. The exciton utilization near cathode is still challenging considering restricted diffusion distance of excitons and inability for transferring energy from L8‐BO to PM1. Herein, donor incorporation into acceptor layer (DIA) strategy is employed to improve exciton utilization near cathode. The efficiency of LbL OPVs can be improved from 18.02% to 18.81% by incorporating 10 wt% PM1 into L8‐BO layer, which is closely associated with efficient exciton separation into L8‐BO layer originated from more adequate donor/acceptor interface for faster charge transfer, as evidenced by magneto‐photocurrent and transient absorption results. The in situ test and morphological characterization clarify that molecular packing property can be improved benefited from prolonged aggregation and nucleation time of acceptor layer assisted by DIA strategy, contributing to more efficient charge transport and inhibited charge recombination in active layers. The thickness insensitive property of LbL OPVs can be also improved induced by DIA strategy, indicated by PCE retention value (82.2% vs. 74.0%) for PM1/L8‐BO:PM1 and PM1/L8‐BO OPVs when acceptor layer thickness increased to ≈180 nm. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of DIA strategy in improving efficiency and thickness tolerance of LbL OPVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donor PM6 and acceptor L8‐BO are employed to build semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs). Opaque OPVs are fabricated by tuning the spin‐coating speed of PM6:L8‐BO solution to optimize the photon utilization by balancing photon harvesting and photogenerated carrier collection. The optimal opaque OPVs exhibit relatively high fill‐factor (FF) of 77.58% and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.07%, the average visible transmittance (AVT) of corresponding PM6:L8‐BO films arrives to 53.25%, indicating great potential in realizing efficient ST‐OPVs. ST‐OPVs are built with 1 nm Au/(10, 15, 20, 25 nm) Ag as cathode, exhibiting the PCE/AVT of 11.53%/22.57%, 13.20%/14.24%, 14.28%/9.34%, and 14.71%/6.77%, respectively. Colorful ST‐OPVs are achieved by coupling different Ag/LiF/Ag Fabry‐Pérot (F‐P) resonator microcavity. Green ST‐OPVs with varied color coordinates are achieved by fixing LiF layer thickness as 110 nm and varying Ag layers′ thickness, originating from the adjusted transmittance spectra of green ST‐OPVs. Upon fixing Ag layers′ thickness as 15/25 nm and varying LiF layer thickness as 90, 110, and 145 nm, ST‐OPVs present colors of blue, green, and red with corresponding transmittance peak at 474, 553, and 657 nm. The corresponding PCE/peak transmittance (Tpeak) values arrive to 13.80%/37.8%, 13.31%/28.4%, and 13.20%/27.7%, which should be the best performance among reported colorful ST‐OPVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thin film deposition engineering of layer‐by‐layer (LbL) non‐fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) favors vertical phase distributions of donor:acceptor (D:A), effectively boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, previous deposition strategies mainly aimed at optimizing the morphology of LbL films, and paid limited attention to the reproducibility of device performance. To achieve high device performance and maintain reproducibility, a strategy for hierarchical morphology manipulation in LbL OSCs is developed. A series of LbL devices are fabricated by introducing vacuum‐assisted molecular drift treatment (VMDT) to the donor or acceptor layer individually or simultaneously to elucidate the functionalities of this treatment. Essentially, the VMDT provides an extended drift driving force to manipulate the donor and acceptor molecules, resulting in a well‐defined vertical phase distribution and ordered molecular packing. These enhancements facilitate improvement in the D:A interface area and charge transport channel, ultimately contributing to impressive PCEs of 19.18% from 18.27% in the LbL devices. More importantly, using VMDT overcomes the notorious batch‐dependent and heat treatment degradation issues of OSCs, leading to excellent batch‐to‐batch reproducibility and enhanced stability of the devices. This reported method provides a promising strategy available for industrial and laboratory use to controllably manipulate the morphology of LbL OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although colloidal perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) solution has exhibited near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), the luminance would be severely quenched when the PNC solution is assembled into thin films due to the agglomeration and fusion of NCs caused by the exfoliation of surface ligands and non‐radiative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from small to large particle sizes, which seriously affected the performances of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, we used Guanidine thiocyanate (GASCN) and Sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) to achieve effective CsPbI3 PNC surface reconstruction. Due to the strong coordination ability of these small molecules with the anions and cations on the surface of the PNCs, they can provide strong surface protection against PNC fusion during centrifugal purification process and repair the surface defects of PNCs, so that the original uniform size distribution of PNCs can be maintained and FRET between close‐packed PNC films is effectively suppressed, which allows the emission characteristics of the films to be preserved. As a result, highly oriented, smooth and nearly defect‐free high‐quality PNC thin films are obtained, with PLQY as high as 95.1 %, far exceeding that of the original film, and corresponding LEDs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.5 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although colloidal perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) solution has exhibited near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), the luminance would be severely quenched when the PNC solution is assembled into thin films due to the agglomeration and fusion of NCs caused by the exfoliation of surface ligands and non‐radiative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from small to large particle sizes, which seriously affected the performances of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, we used Guanidine thiocyanate (GASCN) and Sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) to achieve effective CsPbI3 PNC surface reconstruction. Due to the strong coordination ability of these small molecules with the anions and cations on the surface of the PNCs, they can provide strong surface protection against PNC fusion during centrifugal purification process and repair the surface defects of PNCs, so that the original uniform size distribution of PNCs can be maintained and FRET between close‐packed PNC films is effectively suppressed, which allows the emission characteristics of the films to be preserved. As a result, highly oriented, smooth and nearly defect‐free high‐quality PNC thin films are obtained, with PLQY as high as 95.1 %, far exceeding that of the original film, and corresponding LEDs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.5 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi-layered all-polymer solar cells (QLA-PSCs) were fabricated based on wide bandgap polymer PM6 as a donor and narrow bandgap polymer PY-IT as an acceptor. A nonfullerene acceptor, L8-BO, is deliberately selected as a solid additive due to its similar chemical structure to the segment of polymer acceptor PY-IT. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the QLA-PSCs is increased from 16.14% to 17.74% by incorporating 2 wt% L8-BO into the PY-IT layer, benefiting from the synergistically increased short circuit current density (24.45 mA cm−2vs. 23.41 mA cm−2) and fill factor (76.38% vs. 72.60%). The contribution of L8-BO as a solid additive on the performance improvement of the QLA-PSCs can be summarized as follows: (i) it induces more ordered molecular orientation of PY-IT confirmed from GIWAXS; (ii) it enlarges the exciton diffusion length in the PY-IT layer and facilitates efficient hole transfer from PY-IT to PM6 as demonstrated by transient absorption; (iii) it increases the exciton dissociation interface as evidenced by the contact angle and photoluminescence of PM6/PY-IT without or with L8-BO. It should be highlighted that the 2000 h storage stability of the QLA-PSCs can be significantly improved, with PCE retention increasing from 85.1% to 90.2% of the initial value upon incorporating L8-BO as a solid additive. The effect of the universality of the nonfullerene acceptor as a solid additive on the performance improvement of QLA-PSCs can also be confirmed by the boosted PCE to 16.71% or 16.79% with Y6 or BO-4F as a solid additive. This work shows that a small molecular nonfullerene acceptor may induce a polymer acceptor molecular arrangement to further improve the performance of QLA-PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fullerene-derivatives based bulk heterojunctions hold an exceptionally important role on the roadmap of highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). In recent years, the utilization of the non-fused ring acceptors based OSCs has further improved photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies. Among these, one of the fundamental issues is to explore and to understand the spin-related polaron dissociation at charge transfer states because they act as the central unit for the photovoltaic action. It is also eagerly important to quantify some internal fields, such as hyperfine fields and the spin–orbit coupling. The aim of the work is to develop a method for unraveling the photoexcited spin states, particularly for the fullerene-derivative based OSC. Furthermore, it helps to elucidate a long-standing issue regarding the relatively high production of photocurrent for the P3HT:PC71BM system, which is indeed contrary to its counterpart the P3HT:PC61BM system. Their corresponding Jablonski diagrams have been determined in order to understand interior spin dynamics. The method of the study offers an alternative route for an understanding of device performance from the spin-related aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In view of the lack of integrated facilities for measuring and controlling flow of Doudou (agricultural) channel in irrigation area, an integrated quantity control building-Measurement and Control Integrated Water Distribution Farm Gate was designed to explore its performance on trapezoidal channel. [Method] Using the combination of agricultural gate control disc valve and circular pipe to form an integrated water distribution gate (hereinafter referred to as the water distribution gate), the hydraulic characteristics and flow formulas of the water distribution gate under different flow rates and different opening of the agricultural gate control disc valve are studied by model test. [Result] ① The flow formula of Water Distribution Farm Gate was fitted and designed. The average error of the flow calculated by the formula was 4.34% compared with the measured flow, and the measurement error of flow was less than ±5%, which met the water accuracy requirements of irrigation area. ② The "optimal water head" of Water Distribution Farm Gate is between 0.475 and 0.575 L in the overall length of the pipeline. ③ The water distribution gate mainly produces local head loss and head loss along the distance when the water flow passes through the disc valve, and the range of head loss is 29.54% to 38.89%. [Conclusion] When the flow rate is in the range of 30 - 65 m³/h, under different flow conditions and disc valve opening degree, the water metering can be carried out in the final channel of the irrigation area. Therefore, Water Distribution Farm Gate has a high prospect of popularization and practical application value in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Series of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) and layer‐by‐layer (LbL) all‐polymer solar cells (APSCs) were prepared with polymer PM6 as donor and polymer PY‐DT as acceptor based on conventional and inverted configuration. Benefiting from the sequential deposition strategy, the good vertical phase separation and more ordered molecular arrangement can be formed in the LbL APSCs. The conventional LbL APSCs exhibit an optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.24% with a relatively large short circuit current density of 23.83 mA cm−2 and fill factor of 74.60%, photogenerated excitons near the indium tin oxide electrode can be efficiently utilized through energy transfer from PM6 to PY‐DT and the self‐absorption effect of PM6 for its long exciton diffuse distance. The 17.24% PCE of conventional LbL APSCs is higher than 16.72% of conventional BHJ APSCs, 14.59% of inverted BHJ APSCs and 12.41% of inverted LbL APSCs. The rather low PCE of 12.41% for the inverted LbL APSCs further indicates that the energy transfer from donor to acceptor and self‐absorption effect of donor should play a vital role in determining the performance of LbL APSCs. This work provides more insights on the exciton and carrier dynamic process in sequentially deposited active layer, providing more guidance for preparing efficient LbL APSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high incidence and mortality rate despite various treatment options, including 125I seed implantation. However, recurrence and radiation resistance remain challenging issues. Hsa_circ_0007895 (circEYA3)—derived from exons 2–6 of EYA3–facilitates the proliferation and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the role of circEYA3 in HCC 125I radiation resistance remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of circEYA3 in HCC under 125I and X-ray irradiation conditions. Methods: CircEYA3 was identified by RNA-seq in patients with HCC before and after 125I seed implantation treatment, followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and RNase R assays. The radiosensitivity of HCC cell lines irradiated with 125I seeds or external irradiation were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit 8, flow cytometry, γH2A.X immunofluorescence and comet assays. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore the interactions between circEYA3 and IGF2BP2. DTX3L mRNA was identified by RNA-seq in PLC/PRF/5 cells with overexpressed circEYA3. The corresponding in vitro results were verified using a mouse xenograft model. Results: CircEYA3 decreased the radiosensitivity of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, using a circRNA pulldown assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, we identified IGF2BP2 as a novel and robust interacting protein of circEYA3. Mechanistically, circEYA3 binds to IGF2BP2 and enhances its ability to stabilize DTX3L mRNA, thereby specifically alleviating radiation-induced DNA damage in HCC cells. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that circEYA3 increases the radioresistance of HCC to 125I seeds and external irradiation via the IGF2BP2/DTX3L axis. Thus, circEYA3 might be a predictive indicator and intervention option for 125I brachytherapy or external radiotherapy in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative photoconductance (NPC) detectors have attracted continuous attention for constructing advanced and novel optoelectronic devices, including reconfigurable image sensors and optosynaptic systems, especially by combining NPC with positive photoconductance (PPC). However, NPC devices suffer from much lower photosensitivity, slower response speed, and poor stability, especially in the infrared range. In this work, controllable NPC detectors based on organic-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (OG-CNT FETs) are reported and the strong influence of light-induced electrostatic doping on the nonconventional photoresponse is demonstrated. The PM6/Y6-based heterojunction allows efficient near-infrared light absorption and facilitates exciton diffusion. By introducing a floating gate structure with an ultrathin dielectric layer, the OG-CNT FET shows an enhanced NPC effect owing to in situ signal amplification. Compared to other device configurations, the optimal OG-CNT FETs exhibit high responsivity of 72.6 A W-1 at 880 nm, along with improved response/recovery times of 7 and 5 ms. Impressively, gate-tunable switching between NPC and PPC is observed under the same light illumination. The reversible switching can be attributed to the competition between the light-controlled electrostatic coupling and the PM6/Y6 photovoltaic effect, which offers a new approach to achieve bidirectional photoresponses and paves the way for the development of future multifunctional optoelectronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photomultiplication type quasi-planar all-polymer photodetectors (PM-QAPDs) are fabricated with P3HT/PY-IT as active layers by employing a sequential spin-coating method. The part of PY-IT can penetrate into a P3HT layer to emerge isolated electron-traps formed with PY-IT surrounded by P3HT. The trapped electron distribution near an Al electrode will determine the spectral response range of PM-QAPDs. Broadband PM-QAPDs can be achieved with a 0.25 μm thick P3HT layer and a ultra-thin PY-IT layer prepared from 1 mg/ml solution, exhibiting a broad response from 320 to 870 nm. An external quantum efficiency (EQE) value of optimal PM-QAPDs approaches 16 000% at 360 nm under −12 V bias. When the thickness of the P3HT layer is increased to 2.4 μm, the PM-QAPDs exhibit a narrowband response from 630 to 870 nm, which can be well explained according to the Beer–Lambert law. The work may provide a smart strategy to adjust response range of PM-QAPDs by alerting the thickness of the donor layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layer‐by‐layer all‐polymer solar cells (LbL all‐PSCs) are prepared with PM6 and PY‐IT by using sequential spin coating method. The exciton dissociation efficiency in acceptor layer near electrode is rather low due to the limited exciton diffuse distance and impossible energy transfer from narrow bandgap acceptor to wide bandgap donor. In this study, less PM6 is incorporated into PY‐IT layer to enhance exciton dissociation in PY‐IT layer near electrode. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.45% is achieved in the LbL all‐PSCs incorporating 10 wt% PM6 into PY‐IT layer, which is much larger than 16.04% PCE of PM6/PY‐IT‐based LbL all‐PSCs. Over 8% PCE enhancement can be realized by incorporating 10 wt% PM6 into PY‐IT layer, which is attributed to the enhanced exciton utilization efficiency in PY‐IT layers near electrode. The enhanced exciton utilization efficiency in PY‐IT layer can be confirmed from the quenched photoluminescence (PL) emission in PY‐IT:PM6 films. Meanwhile, charge transport in acceptor layers can be optimized by incorporating less PM6, as confirmed from the optimized molecular arrangement. This study indicates that the strategy of incorporating less donor into acceptor layer has great potential in fabricating efficient LbL all‐PSCs by improving exciton utilization efficiency in acceptor layer near electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonable fertilization management can increase nutrient content and enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil, and even increase soil microbial richness. However, different fertilizers could raise distinct influences on the soil properties, including soil environmental factors (physicochemical properties and enzymatic activities) and microbial community. Here, the effects of two soil amendments (microbial fertilizer and woody peat) on environmental factors and microbial community structure in tobacco rhizosphere soil were evaluated, with the correlations between microbes and environmental factors explored. As the results, microbial fertilizer could effectively alleviate soil acidification, increase available potassium and organic matter contents in soil, and was also beneficial to increase nitrate reductase activity in rhizosphere soil. Fertilizers cause changes in the abundance of certain microbes in the soil. Besides, it was shown that the candidate phyla Gal15, Acidobacterota, Latescibacterota, Mortierellommycota, Basidiomycota, and Rozellomycota in tobacco rhizosphere soil had significant correlation with soil environmental factors. Through the functional analysis of these populations, it can be deduced that the changes in the abundance of certain microorganisms may be an important reason for the differences in environmental factors. All these indicated that the differences of environmental factors in different treatments are closely related to the abundance of some special soil microorganisms. Studying the life activities of these microbes would provide good guidance for exploring the interaction among crops, soil, and microorganisms and improving crop yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All polymer solar cells (APSCs) composed of polymeric donors and acceptors have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique merits of mechanical flexibility and good film formation property, which exhibit promising applications on wearable and flexible stretchable devices. Over 18% power conversion efficiency of APSCs has been achieved benefiting from the continuous development of functional layer materials innovation and device engineering evolution. In this review, the functional layer materials that enabled the recent progress of efficient APSCs are outlined, including typical polymer donors, emerging polymer acceptors based on polymerizing small molecule acceptors strategy, interfacial materials as well as the rational design rules for corresponding functional materials. From the perspective of device engineering evolution, the film deposition and treatment techniques are introduced, which play a vital role in manipulating film morphology through properly tuning the vertical component distribution and aggregation behavior of polymers. Meanwhile, the ternary strategy is also discussed as an effective method in promoting mechanical durability, stability, and thickness‐insensitive characteristics of APSCs facing for future applications. The challenges and outlooks on this filed are finally proposed for developing high‐performance APSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have reached more than 19%, along with the prosperous development of materials and device engineering. It is meaningful to make a comprehensive review of the research of OPVs for further performance improvement. In this review, some typical materials of high-performance OPVs are summarized, including representative polymer donor materials, non-fullerene acceptor materials, and interfacial modification materials, as well as their design rules for molecular engineering. From the point of view of device engineering, active layer treatment and deposition technology are introduced, which can play a critical role in adjusting the degree of molecular aggregation and vertical distribution. Meanwhile, a ternary strategy has been confirmed as an efficient method for improving the performance of OPVs, and the multiple roles of the appropriate third component in the photo-electronic conversion process are emphasized and analyzed. The challenges and perspectives concerning this region are also put forward for further developing high-performance OPVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of nozzle number on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines operating at high altitudes was investigated in this study. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was developed to simulate the spray spatial distribution, which is closely related to the nozzle number. The intake pressure was identified as the dominant factor under varying altitudes, while the fuel mass, injection timing and temperature were maintained constant. Altitudes of 3000 m were chosen to represent typical high-altitude conditions, and sea level cases were simulated for comparison. The results demonstrated that high-altitude operation reduced the air utility in the combustion chamber, leading to suppressed soot oxidization and worse soot emissions. Moreover, more injection nozzles will decrease the fuel injection pressure, resulting in inadequate fuel diffusion and detrimental effects on the combustion efficiency and soot control. However, too few nozzles may cause wall collisions and worsen the combustion conditions. The number of nozzles also influences the combustion, with a higher number of nozzles exacerbating poor combustion conditions. The optimal number of nozzles for the engine studied is determined to be six. Hence, determining the optimal nozzle number plays a vital role in achieving the optimal performance of highland diesel engines. This study provides valuable guidance for the development of diesel engines in high-altitude environments, where controlling the fuel consumption and soot emissions is challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main advantages of air-assisted spray are its high-quality atomization at low injection pressures and insensitivity to the viscosity of atomized liquid. In this study, the droplet size and velocity of a low-pressure intermittent air-assisted spray were studied by using phase Doppler anemometry, and the effects of liquid fuel injection duration on time-resolved spray microscopic characteristics and spray unsteadiness were analyzed. Droplet size-velocity joint probability density functions were employed to characterize the droplet diameter-velocity distribution as well as the probability range. A comparison of the droplet Weber number with an empirical critical value indicates that atomized droplets hardly undergo secondary shear breakup. Based on the ideal spray theory of Edwards and Marx, an improved algorithm is proposed with the concept of iterative rejection of inter-particle arrival times to quantify the unsteadiness of air-assisted sprays by eliminating the dependence of the calculation results on droplet sampling data. The results show that intermittent air-assisted spray is an inherently unsteady process that can be influenced by fuel injection duration and spatial location, while independent of the droplet size. In addition, the spray unsteadiness exhibits noteworthy variations at different spray stages segmented by droplet velocity vs time. The relation between the potential internal gas–liquid two-phase status determined by fuel injection duration and the spray performance is elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filter‐free narrowband photomultiplication‐type planar heterojunction (PHJ) organic photodetectors (PM‐PHOPDs) are first realized by employing a thick front donor layer and an ultrathin PC71BM layer. The thick front donor layer is employed as an optical field adjusting (OFA) layer. The sequentially coated PC71BM will diffuse slightly into OFA layer, which works as interfacial electron traps to capture photogenerated electrons for assisting hole tunneling injection. The P3HT/PC71BM‐based PM‐PHOPDs exhibit narrowband response with full‐width of half‐maximum of 32 nm and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1700% at 650 nm under −20 V bias. Due to the enhanced hole transport and reduced charge recombination in PHJ compared to those in bulk heterojunction (BHJ), the EQE of P3HT/PC71BM‐based narrowband PM‐PHOPDs is twice as P3HT:PC71BM BHJ‐based narrowband PM‐OPDs under the same bias. The response peak of PM‐PHOPDs is adjusted from 650 to 695 or 745 nm by incorporating SMPV1 or DRCN5T in OFA layers due to the red‐shifted absorption edge. The EQEs of 3600% at 695 nm and 870% at 745 nm are obtained for P3HT:SMPV1 and P3HT:DRCN5T‐based PM‐PHOPDs under −20 V bias, respectively. This work provides a smart strategy to achieve narrowband PM‐OPDs by designing different OFA layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of additive manufacturing in the field of aviation hydraulics greatly improves the design freedom of hydraulic valve internal flow channels. Pressure loss in hydraulic valve internal flow channels is a primary factor that designers need to consider, and the rapid prediction of pressure loss is very helpful for flow channel design. At present, most studies only focus on how much the pressure loss in an additive manufacturing (AM) hydraulic channel is reduced compared with an original hydraulic channel, and a mathematical model of pressure loss in an AM curved channel is still lacking. In this paper, the pressure loss in a curved flow channel was firstly studied, and the main parameters affecting the pressure loss were determined using the dimensionless analysis method. Using computational fluid dynamics simulation, the relationships between the flow channel diameter, the flow channel length, the flow channel curvature radius, the fluid velocity and pressure loss were studied. According to the multiple regression analysis method, the mathematical model of pressure loss in aviation hydraulic channels was developed, and the model was solved based on the orthogonal experimental results. The pressure loss in the flow channel samples fabricated using selective laser melting was tested, and the results showed that the average error between the test results and the mathematical model calculation results was 7.72%. This model can be used to quickly predict the pressure loss in curved flow channels in the aviation hydraulic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has been comprehensively studied. However, the prognosis of resectable (stage I–IIIA) lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has not been thoroughly investigated at genomic and transcriptional levels. Methods: Data of genomic alterations and transcriptional-level changes of 355 stage I–IIIA LUSC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, together with the clinicopathological information (training cohort). A validation cohort of 91 patients was retrospectively recruited. Data were analyzed and figures were plotted using the R software. Results: Training cohort was established with 355 patients. TP53 (78%), TTN (68%), CSMD3 (39%), MUT16 (36%) and RYR2 (36%) were genes with the highest mutational frequency. BRINP3, COL11A1, GRIN2B, MUC5B, NLRP3 and TENM3 exhibited significant higher mutational frequency in stage III (P < 0.05). Patients with stage III also exhibited significantly higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) than those with stage I (P < 0.01). The mutational status of 10 genes were found to have significant stratification on patient prognosis. TMB at threshold of 25 percentile (TMB = 2.39 muts/Mb) also significantly stratified the patient prognosis (P = 0.0003). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed TTN, ADGRB3, MYH7 and MYH15 mutational status and TMB as independent risk factors. Further analysis of transcriptional profile revealed many significantly up- and down-regulated genes, and multivariate analysis found the transcriptional levels of seven genes as independent risk factors. Significant factors from the multivariate analyses were used to establish a Nomogram model to quantify the risk in prognosis of individual LUSC patients. The model was validated with a cohort containing 91 patients, which showed good predicting efficacy and consistency. Conclusion: The influencing factors of prognosis of stage I–III LUSC patients have been revealed. Risk factors including gender, T stage, cancer location, and the mutational and transcriptional status of several genes were used to establish a Nomogram model to assess the patient prognosis. Subsequent validation proved its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary inflammation involves complex changes of the immune cells, in which macrophages play important roles and their function might be influenced by metabolism. Slc38a6 acts as a carrier of nutrient for macrophages (Mφ) to exert the function. In this study, pneumonia patient blood was found up-regulated SLC38A6 expression, which correlated with monocytes number and white blood cell number. The similar result was also shown in LPS induced sepsis mice. To reveal the key role of Slc38a6, we used systemic and conditional knock-out mice. Either systemic or LyzCRE specific knock-out could alleviate the severity of sepsis mice, reduce the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-1β expression in serum and decrease the monocytes number in bronchial alveolar lavage and peritoneal lavage via flow cytometry. In order to reveal the signal of up-regulated Slc38a6, the Tlr4 signal inhibitor TAK242 and TLR4 knock-out mice were used. By blocking Tlr4 signal in macrophages via TAK242, the expression of Slc38a6 was down-regulated synchronously, and the same results were also found in Tlr4 knock-out macrophages. However, in the overexpressed Slc38a6 macrophages, blocking Tlr4 signal via TAK242, 20% of the mRNA expression of IL-1β still could be expressed, indicating that up-regulated Slc38a6 participates in IL-1β expression process. Collectively, it is the first time showed that an amino acid transporter SLC38A6 up-regulated in monocytes/macrophages promotes activation in pulmonary inflammation. SLC38A6 might be a promising target molecule for pulmonary inflammation treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the noteworthy characteristics of ultra-wideband (UWB) radar, it has been applied in the noncontact measurement of vital signs. The fluctuating movement of the chest caused by respiration and heartbeat of the human body is comprehensively reflected in the radar echo. A key problem is how to separate respiration and heartrate signals in the echo then evaluate the vital sign parameters. In this study, the position of a monitored object is judged from the output data frame of the radar, then the data sequence of chest movement in the time domain is extracted. The signal is filtered by the wavelet threshold method using the sym6 wavelet basis function, then the spectrum of the denoised signal is analyzed. This method can effectively extract the respiration rate and heartrate and achieve real-time monitoring. Its feasibility and effectiveness were verified by several sets of experiments, which indicate that the method can be applied in practice. This method is expected to help popularize the use of UWB radar in medical monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic semiconducting materials with fluorine or chlorine substitution are commonly designed to prepare efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs) through finely modulating the energy levels and absorption spectra. Herein, two small molecular acceptors with fluorine substitution L8‐BO or chlorine substitution eC9‐2Cl are selected to prepare ternary PSCs with PM6 as polymer donor. The optimal ternary PSCs exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 18.66%, benefiting from the simultaneously increased open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.89 V, short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 26.63 mA cm−2, and fill factor of 78.74% when the content of chlorine substitution eC9‐2Cl is about 20 wt% in acceptors. Fluorinated and chlorinated substitutions can improve the VOC or JSC of the corresponding binary PSCs, which can be recombined into efficient ternary PSCs through optimizing their content in acceptors. Chlorinated materials have special crystalline conditions due to the specific features of the chlorine atoms with large atomic radius and the empty 3d orbits compared to the corresponding fluorinated materials. Adding an appropriate amount of the chlorine substitution eC9‐2Cl further enhances the crystallization and intermolecular interaction of the ternary PSCs, which is beneficial for charge transport in the active layer and for device performance improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage that is mainly characterized by chronic and mild inflammation of the joints. Recently, many studies have reported the crucial roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in OA as gene transcriptional regulatory factors, diagnostic biomarkers, or therapeutic targets. However, the exact mechanisms of lncRNAs in the regulation of OA progression remain unclear. In the present study, the lncRNA WDR11 divergent transcript (lncRNA WDR11-AS1) was shown to be downregulated in osteoarthritic cartilage tissues from patients, and to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in osteoarthritic chondrocytes with knockdown and overexpression experiments. This function of lncRNA WDR11-AS1 was linked to its ability to interact with the polyadenylate-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), which was screened by RNA pulldown and mass spectrometry analyses. PABPC1 was discovered to bind ECM-related mRNAs such as SOX9, and the inhibition of PABPC1 improved the mRNA stability of SOX9 to mitigate OA progression. Our results suggest that lncRNA WDR11-AS1 has a promising inhibitory effect on inflammation-induced ECM degradation in OA by directly binding PABPC1, thereby establishing lncRNA WDR11-AS1 and PABPC1 as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nitrogen content of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel is much higher than that of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel, which cannot meet the requirements of high-grade steel. Most denitrification processes only considered a single smelting condition, which leads to poor denitrification effect. In this study, a hot state experiment was conducted to simulate the melting process of EAF steelmaking and to explore the thermodynamic and kinetic constraints of the molten steel nitrogen reaction in the scrap melting, oxygen blowing decarburization, and rapid temperature rise stages. The experimental results showed that the nitrogen reaction in the molten pool during the scrap melting stage was a first-order nitrogen absorption reaction, and the reaction-limiting link was the diffusion of nitrogen atoms in the molten steel. When the carbon content increases to 4.5%, the bath temperature decreases to 1550 °C, and the nitrogen partial pressure decreases to 0.2 PΘ, the nitrogen saturation solubility decreased to 0.0198%, 0.0318%, and 0.0178%, respectively. At the same time, the rate constants decreased to 0.132 m/min, 0.127 m/min, and 0.141 m/min, respectively. The nitrogen reaction in the oxygen blowing decarburization stage was a secondary denitrification reaction, and the reaction-limiting link was the gas–liquid interface chemical reaction. Argon had better degassing effect. When the argon flow rate increased from 100 mL/min to 300 mL/min, the reaction constant increased by about four times. When the oxygen content of molten steel was 0.0260%, the denitrification rate constant decreased by about 2.5 times. The nitrogen content of liquid steel was higher than 0.045%, and the reaction was a secondary reaction. As the nitrogen content decreased, the reaction rate decreased, and the reaction-limiting link changed from the gas–liquid interface chemical reaction to the joint control of mass transfer and chemical reaction. The oxygen content in the molten steel can not only hinder the chemical reaction of nitrogen at the gas–liquid interface, but also reduce the mass transfer rate of nitrogen atoms in the molten steel. The results provided a theoretical basis for the optimization of nitrogen removal process and further reduction of nitrogen content in liquid steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Treatment methods of local residual or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after thermal ablation are limited. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the efficacy and prognostic factors of 125I brachytherapy for local residual or recurrent lesion after thermal ablation. Methods: A total of 114 patients with 212 local residual or recurrent HCC tumors after thermal ablation underwent 125I brachytherapy. Local progression-free survival (LPFS) and prognostic factors were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves and the Cox model. Results: After a 6-month follow-up, the percentage of patients who achieved complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and stable disease (SD) was 57%, 13.2%, and 5.2%, respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year LPFS rates were 58.7%, 50.0%, and 41.2%, respectively. Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) (p = 0.03), the number of intrahepatic tumors (p = 0.01), and AFP level (p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for local tumor progression (LTP). The median LPFS in patients without PVTT (22 months) was much longer compared to those with PVTT (10 months). The median LPFS in patients with less than three intrahepatic lesions improved from 17 to 24 months. The median LPFS was only 5 months in the high AFP group, but was prolonged with a decrease in AFP level (24 months). No severe complications were recorded. All complications were controllable and treatable. Conclusions: CT-guided 125I brachytherapy was a safe and effective treatment for patients with local residual or recurrent HCC after thermal ablation to improve local control rate. Key points: 125I brachytherapy is a treatment for locally recurrent HCC after ablation. 125I brachytherapy combined with ablation may improve tumor control. Vascular invasion, multiple lesions, and AFP are prognostic risk factors. 125I brachytherapy is a safe method with a curative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dielectric permittivity of common soils is mainly controlled by water content and porosity, while the latter is closely related to the characteristics of compaction. By studying the changes in dielectric permittivity of soil samples with different soil water content and compaction levels, the influence of the controlling factors on the relationship model between soil water content and dielectric permittivity can be evaluated. In this paper, network analyzer was used to measure the dielectric permittivity of 7 groups of soil samples with gravimetric water content ranging from 8.09% to 14.52% and dry density ranging from 1.61 g/cm3 to 1.96 g/cm3. The results show that the dielectric permittivity increases with the increase of water content and dry density, and the effect of water content on permittivity is more significant for soils with higher dry density. Furthermore, when the water content is less than or equal to the optimal water content, Topp formula and the complex refractive index model (CRIM) can better predict the soil dry density. When the water content approaches the saturated state of soil, there is a deviation between the predicted value and the actual value. At last, the modified Topp formula and the complex refractive index model (CRIM) can accurately predict soil compactness. This provides an important basis for rapid detection of water content and compactness of highway subgrade soil by ground penetrating radar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Selenium (Se) as well as selenoproteins are vital for osteochondral system development. Se deficiency (SeD) has a definite impact on the expression and activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Abnormal expression of some HDACs affects cartilage development. This current study aims to explore the relationship between differentially expressed HDACs and cartilage development, especially extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis maintenance, under SeD conditions. Materials and methods: Dark Agouti rats and C28/I2 cell line under SeD states were used to detect the differently expressed HDAC by RT-qPCR, western blotting and IHC staining. Meanwhile, the biological roles of the above HDAC in cartilage development and homeostasis maintenance were confirmed by siRNA transfection, western blotting, RNA sequence and inhibitor treatment experiments. Results: HDAC2 exhibited lower expression at protein level in both animals and chondrocytes during SeD condition. The results of cell-level experiments indicated that forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A), which was required to maintain metabolic homeostasis of cartilage matrix, was reduced by HDAC2 knockdown. Meanwhile, induced HDAC2 was positively associated with FOXO3A in rat SeD model. Meanwhile, knockdown of HDAC2 and FOXO3A led to an increase of intracellular ROS level, which activated NF-κB pathway. Se supplementary significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway with IL-1β treatment. Conclusion: Our results suggested that low expression of HDAC2 under SeD condition increased ROS content by decreasing FOXO3A in chondrocytes, which led to the activation of NF-κB pathway and ECM homeostasis imbalance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large energy loss (Eloss) is one of the main obstacles to further improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), which is closely related to the charge transfer (CT) state. Herein, ternary donor alloy strategy is used to precisely tune the energy of CT state (ECT) and thus the Eloss for boosting the efficiency of OSCs. The elevated ECT in the ternary OSCs reduce the energy loss for charge generation (ΔECT), and promote the hybridization between localized excitation state and CT state to reduce the nonradiative energy loss (ΔEnonrad). Together with the optimal morphology, the ternary OSCs afford an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.22% with a significantly improved open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.910 V without sacrificing short‐cicuit density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) in comparison to the binary ones. This contribution reveals that precisely tuning the ECT via donor alloy strategy is an efficient way to minimize Eloss and improve the photovoltaic performance of OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine if dynamic CT can differentiate local progression from radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction (RSIPR) after brachytherapy with iodine-125 radioactive seeds (BIRS) for advanced hepatic malignancies.Methods: Enhanced CT images of seed-implanted lesions between 2006 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Hounsfield units of peritumoral parenchyma were measured and assessed quantitatively. The classification, conversion, consequences, and serological indicators during follow-up were recorded and quantified. Statistical differences were analyzed using a Pearson χ2 test.Results: RSIPR was observed in 201 of 290 (69.3%) lesions (161 patients; median age, 55 years; range, 26-79 years), while local progression occurred in 53 lesions. The low density of local progression was much lower than that of RSIPR (p < 0.001), and the former did not exhibit iso-/high density in the portal or equilibrium phase. Ring-like enhancement in progressive lesions was also quite different from RSIPR. Local progression rate was lower for lesions with RSIPR than for those without RSIPR (14.9% vs 25.8%; p = 0.03), and their doses were different (397.2 Gy vs 120.3 Gy, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction has characteristic manifestations on CT images, which is associated with a higher dose of lesions and lower local progression rate. Notably, the enhancement pattern of local progression was distinct from RSIPR and was clearly distinguishable on dynamic-enhanced CT.Key Points: • Radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction after brachytherapy with 125I seeds for liver malignancies has characteristic manifestations on CT images, which is associated with a higher dose of lesions (397.2 Gy vs 120.3 Gy, p < 0.001), as a focal radiation injury. • Lesions with RSIPR were less likely to develop local progression, while those without RSIPR had a higher rate of local progression (14.9% vs 25.8%; p = 0.03). • The enhancement pattern of local progression after brachytherapy was distinct from radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction and was clearly distinguishable on dynamic-enhanced CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]