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In‐memory computing and sensing can break through the limit of the traditional Von Neumann architecture where information storing and computing units are separated. Recently the topographic creation of a ferroelectric domain wall in separation of two antiparallel domains in LiNbO3 single‐crystal films integrated with the Si substrate has been the focus of such research. Here, the additional freedom of the light stimulus is reported to modulate the domain wall current significantly, enabling applications in nonvolatile domain wall memory, photodetector, and image recognition processor. These measurements shows the fantastic photosensitivity of 2D domain walls where the photocurrent varies nonlinearly against the accumulative pulse number. With this observation, an associated learning model is constructed to stimulate neuromorphic computing (with a recognition accuracy of 90%) using an artificial neuromorphic network of domain walls. The research promotes the multifold development of artificial intelligence using domain‐wall nanodevices sensitive to both optical and electrical stimulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Septic cardiomyopathy is a secondary myocardial injury caused by sepsis. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) modification is involved in the pathological progression of septic cardiomyopathy; however, the pathological mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified the overall m6A modification pattern in septic myocardial injury and determined its potential interactions with differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A sepsis mouse model exhibiting septic symptoms and myocardial tissue damage was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced septic myocardial tissues and control myocardial tissues were subjected to methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing to screen for differentially expressed m6A peaks and DEGs. We identified 859 significantly m6A-modified genes in septic myocardial tissues, including 432 upregulated and 427 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological importance of differentially expressed m6A methylated genes and DEGs. Differentially expressed m6A methylated genes were enriched in immune- and inflammation-related pathways. Conjoint analysis revealed co-expression of differentially expressed m6A genes and DEGs, including genes that were upregulated or downregulated and those showing opposite trends. High expression of m6A-related genes (WTAP and IGF2BP2), interleukin-17, and interleukin-17 pathway-related genes (MAPK11 and TRAF3IP2) was verified using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. We confirmed the presence of m6A modification of the transcriptome and m6A-mediated gene expression in septic myocardial tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terminal mining is an essential part of fully mechanized mining, and the reasonable length of the flap roof during the terminal mining is an important basis for the smooth operation of the terminal mining. With the research background of the 213 working face of the Longde Coal Mine, the contribution of this study is the influence law of hydraulic fracturing on the terminal mining mechanical behavior of the working face. Four different numerical calculation models of terminal mining hydraulic fracturing are established, and the optimal hydraulic fracturing site plan is determined according to the length of the terminal mining flap top and the working resistance of hydraulic support. The effect of hydraulic fracturing construction and the law of mechanical behavior in the terminal mining stage in the field test are analyzed. The results show that through hydraulic fracturing technology, the control of the length of the flap roof of the working face during the terminal mining period has been realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) possess the characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation, as well as the ability to generate functional sperm. Their unique stemness has broad applications in male infertility treatment and species preservation. In rodents, research on SSCs has been widely reported, but progress is slow in large livestock such as cattle and pigs due to long growth cycles, difficult proliferation in vitro, and significant species differences. Previously, we showed that histone 3 (H3) lysine 9 (K9) trimethylation (H3K9me3) is associated with the proliferation of bovine SSCs. Here, we isolated and purified SSCs from calf testicular tissues and investigated the impact of different H3K9me3 levels on the in vitro proliferation of bovine SSCs. The enriched SSCs eventually formed classical stem cell clones in vitro in our feeder-free culture system. These clones expressed glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha-1 (GFRα1, specific marker for SSCs), NANOG (pluripotency protein), C-KIT (germ cell marker), and strong alkaline phosphatase (AKP) positivity. qRT-PCR analysis further showed that these clones expressed the pluripotency genes NANOG and SOX2, and the SSC-specific marker gene GFRα1. To investigate the dynamic relationship between H3K9me3 levels and SSC proliferation, H3K9me3 levels in bovine SSCs were first downregulated using the methyltransferase inhibitor, chaetocin, or transfection with the siRNA of H3K9 methyltransferase suppressor of variegation 3-9 homologue 1 (SUV39H1). The EDU (5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) assay revealed that SSC proliferation was inhibited. Conversely, when H3K9me3 levels in bovine SSCs were upregulated by transfecting lysine demethylase 4D (KDM4D) siRNA, the EDU assay showed a promotion of cell proliferation. In summary, this study established a feeder-free culture system to obtain bovine SSCs and explored its effects on the proliferation of bovine SSCs by regulating H3K9me3 levels, laying the foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanism underlying histone methylation modification in the proliferation of bovine SSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand the connectivity characteristics of construction land during the spatial evolution of historic urban areas. The complex network analysis method is employed to examine the evolution of the spatial structure of construction land in the four periods of the Changsha historic urban area. The results indicate that the spatial network morphology of construction land follows a repeated development pattern resembling a cluster–mother–child relationship. Additionally, the vulnerability in the evolution of land use spatial relationships is very low, while the overall stability of the land use network structure decreases. The spatial equilibrium of land use shows a downwards trend, the accessibility of land where existing cultural relics and historic sites are located is generally moderate to low, and some plots require improvement. In the evolution of connectivity in the construction land of historic urban areas, the main development challenges are the uneven growth caused by imbalanced land value influenced by capital and the need to balance the preservation of land use patterns with improved accessibility to cultural relics and historic sites. Therefore, it is highly important to dynamically detect and optimize the network structure of construction land to protect and develop historic urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to hot roll and explosive bonding, there are relatively few studies on warm/cold roll bonding under low temperature conditions. In this article, the warm/cold roll bonding simulation experiment is conducted to research the deformation, interface bonding rate, microstructure, element diffusion behavior, metallographic structure, and phase of carbon steel/stainless steel. The results show that the plastic deformation remains consistent below 400 °C but exhibits temperature sensitivity above 400 °C. The lower strain rate can increase the bonding rate, while insulation treatment may reduce the bonding rate. The formation of cracks is inhibited at 25 °C and 45% reduction rate due to the challenge of cracking the surface oxide film. Temperature significantly affects bonding, with improved performance observed above 600 °C. Uneven element distribution of bonding area may be related to the precipitated compounds, while insulation treatment increases the mutual diffusion ability of elements. The increase in temperature leads to an increase in pearlite, a decrease in ferrite, and decarburization occurs within the carbon steel matrix. The carbon elements diffuse from carbon steel to the surface of stainless steel. The increase in temperature increases the content of surface compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Assisted reproductive technology including in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and in vitro culture (IVC) of embryos is widely used both for humans and animals. In animal science and veterinary medicine, it is particularly important for livestock breeding. Although numerous efforts have been made, the development rates obtained with these techniques are still limited, especially in cattle. Vitamin C is a key nutrient that has multiple functions. To procure high-quality bovine oocytes, the effects of vitamin C on the IVM of bovine oocytes and embryo development at an early stage were investigated. We found that vitamin C supplementation at a tuned concentration improved bovine oocyte maturation and its combination in the media of IVM and IVC can potentially change the quality of bovine embryos. To obtain high-quality bovine oocytes, the effects of vitamin C (VC) on the IVM of bovine oocytes and early embryo development were investigated. The results showed the following. (1) The IVM medium containing 50 µg/mL VC improved the oocyte maturation rate but did not affect the parthenogenetic embryo development. (2) The IVC medium containing 20 µg/mL VC improved the cleavage rate of the IVF embryos and enhanced the mRNA transcriptions of pluripotency gene Oct4, Sox2, Cdx2, and Nanog in the blastocysts but had no effects on the blastocyst rate. (3) Combining supplementation of 50 µg/mL VC in IVM medium + 20 µg/mL VC in IVC medium (named as VC 50/20, similar hereinafter) elevated the cleavage rate of IVF embryos and enhanced the mRNA expressions of Oct4, Sox2, Cdx2, and Nanog in the blastocysts. (4) Combination of VC 0/20 and VC 50/20 enhanced the transcription of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and VC 50/0 weakened the transcription of pro-apoptotic gene Bax, while VC 0/40 and VC 0/60 increased Bax expression and diminished the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in blastocysts. Together, employing 50 µg/mL VC improves the IVM of bovine oocytes and combination of VC 50/20 potentially changes bovine embryo quality by enhancing the expressions of the pluripotency genes and regulating the expressions of apoptosis-related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SUS304/45 multilayer steels with laminated/network coupling interfaces were fabricated by cold rolling, and the interface evolution behavior and strengthening–toughening mechanism were clarified by microstructure characteristics, tensile testing, and detailed finite element analysis. The results show that when the cold rolling reduction increases from 75 to 87.6 pct, the interface transitions from straight to wavy, and finally forms a laminated/network coupling interface (i.e., the reconstruction of the "Damascus pattern"). The coupling interface is attributed to the uncoordinated deformation of two constituent layers with different crystal structures and stacking fault energy during the cold rolling deformation process. The commercial finite element software ABAQUS was used to simulate the rolling process with different reduction ratios, and the formation mechanism of the laminated/network coupling interface structure is attributed to incoordination deformation of heterogeneous layers. The laminated/network coupling interface and deformation microstructure of constituent layers were further optimized by annealing treatment. The multilayer steel annealed at 700 °C for 30 minutes had the best strength–toughness combination, which is due to the synergistic effect of solid solution, grain refining, dislocation and heterogeneous deformation-induced strengthening. This work provides a novel design idea for strengthening–toughening multilayer steels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sperm selection is an important step in preserving male fertility. Microfluidic technology integrates precision flow channels and anciilary systems on a small-area chip, which can simulate the interaction between sperm and female reproductive tracts and construct fluid sorting models to study the physiological characteristics of sperm and screen ideal sperm cells for fertility evaluation and preservation. This article reviews the latest research progress in microfluidic chips in the selection of sperm in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocatalysts play a key role in enhancing activity of photoelectrodes while the study of their interaction remains a challenge. Here, we decoupled the relationship between oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performance by modifying an identical BiVO4 with different cobalt‐based OER catalysts including Co, CoO, Co3O4, and Co4N. The electrochemical OER activities of these cobalt specimens were quite similar. Their anodic photocurrent density followed an order of: Co4N>Co>Co3O4>CoO after loading on the BiVO4 electrode. The kinetics process and energy band diagram were analyzed, revealing that the interface between different cobalt specimens and BiVO4 electrode influenced the charge recombination and transfer. Accordingly, we propose a corresponding structural model, which shows that the cocatalysts consist of inner part for interface modulation and the outer layer for catalysis. The present work reveals the vital role of contact interface between cocatalysts and semiconductors, and more attention should be paid when selecting the cocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 and nitrate offers a promising avenue to produce valuable chemicals through the using of greenhouse gas and nitrogen‐containing wastewater. However, the generally proposed reaction pathway of concurrent CO2 and nitrate reduction for urea synthesis requires the catalysts to be both efficient in both CO2 and nitrate reduction, thus narrowing the selection range of suitable catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate a distinct mechanism in urea synthesis, a tandem NO3− and CO2 reduction, in which the surface amino species generated by nitrate reduction play the role to capture free CO2 and subsequent initiate its activation. When using the TiO2 electrocatalyst derived from MIL‐125‐NH2, it intrinsically exhibits low activity in aqueous CO2 reduction, however, in the presence of both nitrate and CO2, this catalyst achieves an excellent urea yield rate of 43.37 mmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 48.88 % at −0.9 V vs. RHE in a flow cell. Even at a low CO2 level of 15 %, the Faradaic efficiency of urea synthesis remains robust at 42.33 %. The tandem reduction procedure was further confirmed by in situ spectroscopies and theoretical calculations. This research provides new insights into the selection and design of electrocatalysts for urea synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 and nitrate offers a promising avenue to produce valuable chemicals through the using of greenhouse gas and nitrogen‐containing wastewater. However, the generally proposed reaction pathway of concurrent CO2 and nitrate reduction for urea synthesis requires the catalysts to be both efficient in both CO2 and nitrate reduction, thus narrowing the selection range of suitable catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate a distinct mechanism in urea synthesis, a tandem NO3− and CO2 reduction, in which the surface amino species generated by nitrate reduction play the role to capture free CO2 and subsequent initiate its activation. When using the TiO2 electrocatalyst derived from MIL‐125‐NH2, it intrinsically exhibits low activity in aqueous CO2 reduction, however, in the presence of both nitrate and CO2, this catalyst achieves an excellent urea yield rate of 43.37 mmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 48.88 % at −0.9 V vs. RHE in a flow cell. Even at a low CO2 level of 15 %, the Faradaic efficiency of urea synthesis remains robust at 42.33 %. The tandem reduction procedure was further confirmed by in situ spectroscopies and theoretical calculations. This research provides new insights into the selection and design of electrocatalysts for urea synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the highest altitude and the longest plateau railway line, the Qinghai-Tibet railway passes through a large area of continuous permafrost. As the key position of the combination of roadbed and bridge, the stability and strength of the bridge approach directly affect the smoothness of the whole line. Through an indoor model test, the distribution pattern of space temperature field and the change law of temperature measuring points in the bridge approach of gravel sandwich are studied. With the increase in the depth from the subgrade surface, the influence of the temperature change in the upper atmosphere decreases gradually at the 2.5-m platform back of the subgrade center section, resulting in an obvious lag in the subgrade. By comparing the temperature measurement data of different bridge approaches of the gravel interlayer road bridge and the bridge approach of the U-shaped block gravel road bridge, it is shown that the U-shaped structure not only has a better overall cooling effect, but also the cooling effect gradually increases with the increase in the distance from the abutment back. The influence range of the road-bridge transition section on the spatial temperature field is approximately 14 m in the back of the abutment, and the influence range at 7.5 m is the most severe. The research results have important practical significance and engineering application value for the operation and maintenance of the Qinghai-Tibet railway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐way concept analysis is an important tool for information processing, and rule acquisition is one of the research hotspots of three‐way concept analysis. However, compared with three‐way concept lattices, three‐way semi‐concept lattices have three‐way operators with weaker constraints, which can generate more concepts. In this article, the problem of rule acquisition for three‐way semi‐concept lattices is discussed in general. The authors construct the finer relation of three‐way semi‐concept lattices, and propose a method of rule acquisition for three‐way semi‐concept lattices. The authors also discuss the set of decision rules and the relationships of decision rules among object‐induced three‐way semi‐concept lattices, object‐induced three‐way concept lattices, classical concept lattices and semi‐concept lattices. Finally, examples are provided to illustrate the validity of our conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can differentiate into three germ layers and diverse autologous cell lines. Since cattle are the most commonly used large domesticated animals, an important food source, and bioreactors, great efforts have been made to establish bovine PSCs (bPSCs). bPSCs have great potential in bovine breeding and reproduction, modeling in vitro differentiation, imitating cancer development, and modeling diseases. Currently, bPSCs mainly include bovine embryonic stem cells (bESCs), bovine induced pluripotent stem cells (biPSCs), and bovine expanded potential stem cells (bEPSCs). Establishing stable bPSCs in vitro is a critical scientific challenge, and researchers have made numerous efforts to this end. In this review, the category of PSC pluripotency; the establishment of bESCs, biPSCs, and bEPSCs and its challenges; and the application outlook of bPSCs are discussed, aiming to provide references for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of box subgrade haunching on structural static characteristics of high-speed railway, a more reasonable box subgrade haunching method is found. In this paper, the box subgrade is divided into independent components, and the reinforcement mode of each independent component is calculated through static analysis. ABAQUS software is used for numerical simulation. In view of the stress concentration phenomenon at the connection node between the top plate and the vertical plate of the box subgrade structure, the influence of different haunching heights and angles of the triangular haunch on the stress concentration at the node is studied by using the control variable method, and the optimal haunching mode is proposed to optimize the static characteristics of the box subgrade structure. The analysis results show that when the fixed axillary height is 400 mm and the axillary angle is between 15° ~ 60°, the stress mutation reduction ratio Sr value decreases with the increase of axillary angle; When the axillary angle is between 60° ~ 75°, the Sr value increases with the increase of the axillary angle, and the optimal axillary angle is between 45° ~ 60°. When the axillary angle is fixed at 60°, the Sr value decreases as the axillary length increases, and the optimal axillary length is between 300 ~ 400 mm. The determination of the reinforcement mode and the optimal haunching mode of the box type subgrade is innovative to a certain extent, and provides valuable technical experience for the research of structural optimization of box type Subgrade of high-speed railway in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants are of a significant environmental concern, necessitating accurate prediction for emission inventories. Existing models rely solely on dietary and host animal-related data, ignoring the predicting power of rumen microbiota, the source of CH4. To address this limitation, we developed novel CH4 prediction models incorporating rumen microbes as predictors, alongside animal- and feed-related predictors using four statistical/machine learning (ML) methods. These include random forest combined with boosting (RF-B), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), generalized linear mixed model with LASSO (glmmLasso), and smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) implemented on linear mixed models. With a sheep dataset (218 observations) of both animal data and rumen microbiota data (relative sequence abundance of 330 genera of rumen bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi), we developed linear mixed models to predict CH4 production (g CH4/animal·d, ANIM-B models) and CH4 yield (g CH4/kg of dry matter intake, DMI-B models). We also developed models solely based on animal-related data. Prediction performance was evaluated 200 times with random data splits, while fitting performance was assessed without data splitting. The inclusion of microbial predictors improved the models, as indicated by decreased root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) and mean absolute error (MAE), and increased Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Both glmmLasso and SCAD reduced the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for both the ANIM-B and the DMI-B models, while the other two ML methods had mixed outcomes. By balancing prediction performance and fitting performance, we obtained one ANIM-B model (containing 10 genera of bacteria and 3 animal data) fitted using glmmLasso and one DMI-B model (5 genera of bacteria and 1 animal datum) fitted using SCAD. This study highlights the importance of incorporating rumen microbiota data in CH4 prediction models to enhance accuracy and robustness. Additionally, ML methods facilitate the selection of microbial predictors from high-dimensional metataxonomic data of the rumen microbiota without overfitting. Moreover, the identified microbial predictors can serve as biomarkers of CH4 emissions from sheep, providing valuable insights for future research and mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of the industrial internet, identity analysis data are growing with the expansion of the field involved in the industrial internet. The management of industrial internet identity analysis data faces many problems, such as complex types, a wide range of information, rapid growth, reduced security, etc. In view of the above problems, a trusted management model of industrial internet identity analysis data based on blockchain is first designed. Meanwhile, the identity analysis data information is analyzed and classified, and industrial data are divided into three levels according to the degree of privacy for hierarchical encryption. Secondly, the "on-chain + off-chain" storage model combining the blockchain main-slave chain and the off-chain database is designed to improve the efficiency of the whole model. Then, a collaborative consensus mechanism suitable for the main-slave multi-chain of the industrial internet is also designed, including slave-chain CIPBFT consensus, inter-chain cross-chain transmission protocol and main chain KZKP consensus. Finally, a prototype system is built to analyze the correctness, security, scalability and consensus efficiency of the model proposed in this study. The results show that the model proposed in this study can be applied to trusted management of data information for industrial internet identity analysis, and also provides an optimized solution for the same problem in fields of the industrial internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms offer unique advantages for area search and environmental monitoring applications. For practical deployments, determining the optimal number of UAVs required for a given task and defining key performance metrics for the platforms and payloads are crucial challenges. This study aims to address mission planning and performance optimization for cooperative UAV swarm search scenarios. A new clustering algorithm is proposed, integrating enhanced clustering techniques with ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization, and crow search optimization. This jointly optimizes and validates the UAV numbers and coordinated trajectories. Sensitivity analysis and indicator optimization further examine specific scenarios to quantify platform and sensor factors influencing search efficiency. Lastly, sensitivity analysis and performance indicator optimization are conducted in specific scenarios. The modular algorithmic components and modeling techniques established in this work lay a foundation for continued research into real−world mission−based swarm optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the impact of incoming current from high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission grounding electrodes on nearby oil and gas pipelines operating in single-pole earth return mode, the pipeline interference was simulated considering cathodic protection for different conditions such as the distance between grounding electrode and pipeline, soil resistivity, pipeline coating resistance, and outer diameter of pipeline. An interference model of HVDC grounding electrode on pipeline was established by finite element method using COMSOL Multiphysics software and validated experimentally. The distribution of cathodic protection potential on pipeline caused by grounding electrode interference was derived. The results showed that the offset of cathodic protection potential on pipeline was increased with the increasing of grounding electrode current and soil resistivity, but decreased with the increasing of the distance between grounding electrode and pipeline, the outer diameter of pipeline, and the resistance of coating on pipeline. Some other anticorrosion measures were discussed. These findings can serve as a reference for optimizing pipeline cathodic protection system and grounding electrode siting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conduction between the unique geological formation karst collapse pillar (KCP) and the fractures caused by mining in the coal seam floor can lead to catastrophic water inrush disasters in many coalmines in Northern China. It is widely recognized that seepage mutation induced by the migration/loss of KCP fillings (highly broken rocks filling the fractured rocks) happens during occurrence of the KCP-related water inrush. However, roles of fluid path (mining-induced fracture) scale and KCP filling porosity in seepage mutation evolution remain unclear. Here, we conducted seepage tests on natural KCP fillings containing rock particles of different sizes. The filling specimens were deformed to different porosities from 14 to 26% through axial compression, and small to large fluid paths were simulated by seepage plates with distinct pore sizes from 2.5 to 12.5 mm. We found that seepage mutation occurs with significant permeability enhancement by 2 orders of magnitude under a pore diameter of 12.5 mm and a specimen porosity of 26%. There is a strong linear relationship between specimen permeability and Reynolds number (Re) over seepage mutation. The mutation is caused by the sudden collapse of the specimen skeleton and subsequent quick outflow of the particles. Therefore, it is inferred that the KCP-related water inrush is more likely to happen when highly porous KCP fillings are present and mining-induced fractures are well developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conduction between the unique geological formation karst collapse pillar (KCP) and the fractures caused by mining in the coal seam floor can lead to catastrophic water inrush disasters in many coalmines in Northern China. It is widely recognized that seepage mutation induced by the migration/loss of KCP fillings (highly broken rocks filling the fractured rocks) happens during occurrence of the KCP-related water inrush. However, roles of fluid path (mining-induced fracture) scale and KCP filling porosity in seepage mutation evolution remain unclear. Here, we conducted seepage tests on natural KCP fillings containing rock particles of different sizes. The filling specimens were deformed to different porosities from 14 to 26% through axial compression, and small to large fluid paths were simulated by seepage plates with distinct pore sizes from 2.5 to 12.5 mm. We found that seepage mutation occurs with significant permeability enhancement by 2 orders of magnitude under a pore diameter of 12.5 mm and a specimen porosity of 26%. There is a strong linear relationship between specimen permeability and Reynolds number (Re) over seepage mutation. The mutation is caused by the sudden collapse of the specimen skeleton and subsequent quick outflow of the particles. Therefore, it is inferred that the KCP-related water inrush is more likely to happen when highly porous KCP fillings are present and mining-induced fractures are well developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, recognized for its heat-treatable and super-high strength, is a pivotal material for critical structural components in aviation. Consequently, grasping the intricate relationship between heat treatment processes and the microstructural characteristics and properties of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is of paramount practical significance. This study encompasses a spectrum of heat treatment methodologies, delving into the diverse effects of distinct aging treatments on the microstructure and performance of thin Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy sheets. The findings illuminate that short natural aging treatments bestow heightened strength and hardness upon the alloy, albeit at the expense of ductility. Nevertheless, the alloy retains commendable malleability, enabling significant cold deformation. In contrast, artificial aging markedly elevates the alloy's strength and hardness, albeit concurrently inducing a precipitous decline in ductility, thereby attenuating the alloy's cold formability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress field analysis is an essential part of umbilical component layout design. The stress field analysis of an umbilical, via numerical simulation, has commonly been applied in practical engineering. The high economic and time cost associated with numerical simulation and analysis of the stress field in an umbilical has been replaced by data-driven, deep-learning-based, real-time computational methods. In this study, a novel Pyramidal Efficient U-Net (PyEf-U-Net) network is proposed to predict the stress field distribution of the umbilical. The input dataset is obtained via the Differential Evolution-Generalized Lagrange Multiplier (DE-GLM) method, which is entered into the network for training, with a detailed discussion of the effects of hyperparameters such as optimizer, learning rate, and loss function on the performance of the network. The experimental research demonstrates that the proposed PyEf-U-Net can accurately predict the stress field of the umbilical in real time with a prediction accuracy of 94.2%, which is superior to other deep learning networks. The proposed method can provide an effective way for rapid mechanical analysis and design of the umbilical in practical engineering, while the method can be extended to the mechanical analysis and design of other similar marine engineering equipment structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are conventionally viewed as suppressors of endogenous and therapy-induced antitumor immunity; however, their role in modulating responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is unclear. In this study, we integrated single-cell RNA-seq/T cell receptor sequencing (TCRseq) of >73,000 tumor-infiltrating Treg (TIL-Treg) from anti–PD-1–treated and treatment-naive non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with single-cell analysis of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)–specific Treg derived from a murine tumor model. We identified 10 subsets of human TIL-Treg, most of which have high concordance with murine TIL-Treg subsets. Only one subset selectively expresses high levels of TNFRSF4 (OX40) and TNFRSF18 (GITR), whose engangement by cognate ligand mediated proliferative programs and NF-κB activation, as well as multiple genes involved in Treg suppression, including LAG3. Functionally, the OX40hiGITRhi subset is the most highly suppressive ex vivo, and its higher representation among total TIL-Treg correlated with resistance to PD-1 blockade. Unexpectedly, in the murine tumor model, we found that virtually all TIL-Treg–expressing T cell receptors that are specific for TAA fully develop a distinct TH1-like signature over a 2-week period after entry into the tumor, down-regulating FoxP3 and up-regulating expression of TBX21 (Tbet), IFNG, and certain proinflammatory granzymes. Transfer learning of a gene score from the murine TAA-specific TH1-like Treg subset to the human single-cell dataset revealed a highly analogous subcluster that was enriched in anti–PD-1–responding tumors. These findings demonstrate that TIL-Treg partition into multiple distinct transcriptionally defined subsets with potentially opposing effects on ICB-induced antitumor immunity and suggest that TAA-specific TIL-Treg may positively contribute to antitumor responses. Editor's summary: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has limited success in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. ICB activates T cells to drive tumor killing; however, anti-tumor responses are often dampened by immunosuppressive mechanisms. Dykema et al. investigated how regulatory T cells (Treg) contribute to anti-tumor immunity during anti-PD-1 treatment. By integrating single cell TCRseq/RNAseq from human NSCLC patients and murine tumors, multiple tumor Treg subclusters were identified. An "activated" subcluster expressing TNFR superfamily genes OX40 and GITR was highly suppressive and associated with ICB resistance. In murine tumors the majority of tumor-reactive Treg differentiated into a proinflammatory Th1-like phenotype, and this Th1-like subcluster was enriched in human anti-PD-1–responsive lung tumors. These findings identify diversity within tumor Treg and suggest that targeting specific subclusters could improve responses to ICB. —Hannah Isles [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dingqing ophiolite represents a significant allochthonous ophiolite nappe in the eastern segment of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone in southeastern Tibet. The microanalytical data of associated podiform chromitites classify them into two distinct varieties: high-Al and high-Cr. The coexistence of both high-Cr and high-Al chromitites in the Dingqing ophiolite suggests a complex or multistage evolutionary history of the host rocks. New petrological and geochemical analyses are used herein to unravel the interrelationships between the chromitite ores and host rocks and assess the mechanism of formation. The Dingqing ophiolitic nappe is made up mainly of harzburgite, dunite, and less abundant pyroxenite and gabbro. Several small lens-shaped bodies of chromitite ore are mostly confined to the harzburgite rocks, with ore textures varying from massive to sparsely disseminated chromite. In addition to magnesiochromite, the orebodies contain minor amounts of olivine, amphibole, and serpentine. The textural relationships provide compelling evidence of plastic deformation and partial melting of the associated peridotites. Detailed examination of the Cr-spinel grains reveals a wide range of composition, spanning from high-Al (Cr# = 3.18–59.5) to high-Cr (Cr# 60.3–87.32). The abundances of the platinum-group element (PGE) in chromitites are significantly variable (93 to 274 ppb). Formation of the Dingqing peridotites most likely took place in a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) setting, and subsequent modifications by supra-subduction zone (SSZ) melts resulted in heterogenous or mixed geochemical characteristics of these rocks. Chemistry of the spinel–olivine–clinopyroxene assemblage demonstrates multiple stages of partial melting of the source mantle rocks, including an early phase of restricted partial melting (~20%–30%) and a later phase of extensive partial melting (>40%). The formation of the high-Al chromitite type was associated with the early phase (constrained melting), whereas extensive partial melting in the late stages likely led to the accumulation of high-Cr podiform chromitite bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The colon serves as a primary target for pharmaceutical compound screening and disease modelling. To better study colon diseases and develop treatments, engineered in vitro models with colon-specific physiological features are required. Existing colon models lack integration of colonic crypt structures with underlying perfusable vasculature, where vascular–epithelial crosstalk is affected by disease progression. We present a colon epithelium barrier model with vascularized crypts that recapitulates relevant cytokine gradients in both healthy and inflammatory conditions. Using our previously published IFlowPlate384 platform, we initially imprinted crypt topography and populated the patterned scaffold with colon cells. Proliferative colon cells spontaneously localized to the crypt niche and differentiated into epithelial barriers with a tight brush border. Toxicity of the colon cancer drug, capecitabine, was tested and showed a dose-dependent response and recovery from crypt-patterned colon epithelium exclusively. Perfusable microvasculature was then incorporated around the colon crypts followed by treatment with pro-inflammatory TNFα and IFNγ cytokines to simulate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like conditions. We observed in vivo-like stromal basal-to-apical cytokine gradients in tissues with vascularized crypts and gradient reversals upon inflammation. Taken together, we demonstrated crypt topography integrated with underlying perfusable microvasculature has significant value for emulating colon physiology and in advanced disease modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the only primitive spermatogonial cells in males that can naturally transmit genetic information to their offspring and replicate throughout their lives. Phospholipase D family member 6 (PLD6) has recently been found to be a surface marker for SSCs in mice and boars; however, it has not been validated in cattle. The results of reversed transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) found that the relative expression of the PLD6 gene in the testicular tissues of two-year-old Simmental calves was significantly higher than that of six-month-old calves. Immunofluorescent staining further verified the expression of PLD6 protein in bovine spermatogenic cells like germ cell marker DEAD box helicase 4 (DDX4, also known as VASA). Based on multiple bioinformatic databases, PLD6 is a conservative protein which has high homology with mouse Q5SWZ9 protein. It is closely involved in the normal functioning of the reproductive system. Molecular dynamics simulation analyzed the binding of PLD6 as a phospholipase to cardiolipin (CL), and the PLD6-CL complex showed high stability. The protein interaction network analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between PLD6 and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) binding protein. PLD6 acts as an endonuclease and participates in piRNA production. In addition, PLD6 in bovine and mouse testes has a similar expression pattern with the spermatogonium-related genes VASA and piwi like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2 (PIWIL2). In conclusion, these analyses imply that PLD6 has a relatively high expression in bovine testes and could be used as a biomarker for spermatogenic cells including SSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-combustion carbon capture is a direct and effective way for onboard carbon capture. Therefore, it is important to develop onboard carbon capture absorbent that can both ensure a high absorption rate and reduce the energy consumption of the desorption process. In this paper, a K2CO3 solution was first established using Aspen Plus to simulate CO2 capture from the exhaust gases of a marine dual-fuel engine in diesel mode. The lean and rich CO2 loading results from the simulation were used to guide the selection and optimization of the activators used in the experiment. During the experiment, five amino acid salt activators including SarK, GlyK, ProK, LysK, and AlaK and four organic amine activators including MEA, PZ, AEEA, and TEPA were used. Experiments only considered the activation effect of CO2 loading between lean and rich conditions. The results showed that after adding a small amount of activator, the absorption rate of CO2 by the absorbent was greatly improved, and the activation effect of organic amine activators was stronger than that of amino acid salts. Among the amino acid salts, the SarK-K2CO3 composite solution showed the best performance in both absorption and desorption. Among the amino acid salts and the organic amino activators, SarK-K2CO3 showed the best performance in strengthening the CO2 desorption while PZ-K2CO3 enhanced the CO2 absorption process the most. In the study of the concentration ratio, it was found that when the mass concentration ratio was 1:1 for SarK:K2CO3 and PZ:K2CO3, the CO2 absorption and desorption processes improved well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classification tasks are pivotal across diverse applications, yet the burgeoning amount of data, coupled with complicating factors such as noise, exacerbates the challenge of classifying complex data. For algorithms that require a large amount of data, the annotation work for datasets is also exceptionally complex and tedious. Drawing upon existing research, this paper first introduces a novel semi-supervised category dictionary model based on transfer learning (SSDT). This model is designed to construct a more representative category dictionary and to delineate the associations of information across different domains, utilizing the lens of conditional probability distribution. This approach is particularly apt for semi-supervised transfer learning scenarios. Subsequently, the proposed method is applied to the domain of bearing fault diagnosis. This model is suitable for transfer scenarios; moreover, its semi-supervised characteristic eliminates the need for labeling the entire input dataset, significantly reducing manual workload. Experimental results attest to the model's practical utility. When benchmarked against other 6 models, the SSDT model demonstrates enhanced generalization performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its complicated pathophysiology, propensity for metastasis, and poor prognosis, colon cancer is challenging to treat and must be managed with a combination of therapy. Using rolling circle transcription (RCT), this work created a nanosponge therapeutic medication system (AS1411@antimiR-21@Dox). Using the AS1411 aptamer, this approach accomplished targeted delivery to cancer cells. Furthermore, analysis of cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels revealed that functional nucleic acid nanosponge drug (FND) can kill cancer cells. Moreover, transcriptomics uncovered a putative mechanism for the FND anti-tumor effect. These pathways, which included mitotic metaphase and anaphase as well as the SMAC-mediated dissociation of the IAP: caspase complexes, were principally linked to the cell cycle and cell death. In conclusion, by triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, the nano-synergistic therapeutic system allowed for the intelligent and effective targeted administration of RNA and chemotherapeutic medicines for colon cancer treatment. The system allowed for payload efficiency while being customizable, targeted, reliable, stable, and affordable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the nature of parental melts for pyroxenite veins in supra‐subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolites provides vibrant constraints on melt infiltration processes operating in subduction zones. The Zedang ophiolitic massif in the eastern Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone in Tibet consists of mantle peridotites and a crustal section of gabbro, diabase, and basalt. Veins of two pyroxenite varieties cut the southern part of the Zedang massif. These pyroxenite rocks have different geochemical characteristics, where the first variety (type‐I) has relatively higher contents of SiO2 (51.82–53.08 wt%), MgO (20.08–23.23 wt%), and ΣPGE (3.42–13.97 ppb), and lower Al2O3 (1.59–2.28 wt%) and ΣREE (1.63–2.94 ppm). The second pyroxenite variety (type‐II) is characterized by SiO2 (45.44–49.61 wt%), MgO (16.68–19.78 wt%), Al2O3 (4.24–8.77 wt%), ΣPGE (14.46–322.06 ppb), and ΣREE (5.82–7.44 ppm). Pyroxenite type‐I shows N‐MORB‐like chondrite‐normalized REE patterns. Zircon U‐Pb ages of pyroxenite type‐I (194 ± 10 Ma), associated ophiolitic gabbro (135.3 ± 2.0 Ma), and plagiogranite (124.2 ± 2.3 Ma) evidently imply episodic evolution of the Zedang ophiolites. The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the investigated pyroxenites can be explained by subduction‐initiated hydrous melting of metasomatized sub‐arc mantle, later overprinted by sub‐slab mantle melting triggered by upwelling asthenosphere during the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous times. The geochemical variations in pyroxenite vein composition, coupled with age differences amongst the other ophiolite units, may correspond to intermittent emplacement of pyroxenite dikes and isotropic gabbroic intrusions where the geodynamic setting progressed from arc maturation and slab rollback to slab tearing and delamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal stress is an important factor that affects the quality of strip products. Most online detection methods for internal strip stress have been realised by contact sensors. However, contact sensors are expensive to manufacture and tend to scratch the strip surface. The purpose of this study was to develop a multi-channel non-contact stress detection system that can reflect the longitudinal stress inhomogeneity of the strip in the width direction. First, a finite element model of residual stress detection based on the magneto-elastic effect was established in COMSOL, and it was calculated that the detection sensitivity was optimal when the sensor was arranged at 45°. Magnetic shielding technology effectively reduces the minimum interference-free distance of the sensor. A prototype of the detection system was built, the accuracy of the simulation model and the feasibility of the online detection of common steel grades are proved by experiments. The simulation model can directly solve issues related to the sensor's induced voltage and the minimum interference-free distance, thereby reducing the design cycle and trial production cost of the sensor and providing new ideas for the development of magnetic shielding technology. The experimental results demonstrated that the detection method was feasible, reliable, and displayed high detection precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification present in mRNAs, and is considered to participate in a range of developmental and biological processes. Drought response is highly regulated at the genomic, transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels. However, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of m6A modification in the drought stress response is still poorly understood. We generated a transcriptome‐wide m6A map using drought‐resistant and drought‐sensitive varieties of cotton under different water deficient conditions to uncover patterns of m6A methylation in cotton response to drought stress. The results reveal that m6A represents a common modification and exhibit dramatic changes in distribution during drought stress. More 5'UTR m6A was deposited in the drought‐resistant variety and was associated with a positive effect on drought resistance by regulating mRNA abundance. Interestingly, we observed that increased m6A abundance was associated with increased mRNA abundance under drought, contributing to drought resistance, and vice versa. The demethylase GhALKBH10B was found to decrease m6A levels, facilitating the mRNA decay of ABA signal‐related genes (GhZEP, GhNCED4 and GhPP2CA) and Ca2+ signal‐related genes (GhECA1, GhCNGC4, GhANN1 and GhCML13), and mutation of GhALKBH10B enhanced drought resistance at seedling stage in cotton. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) of two Ca2+‐related genes, GhECA1 and GhCNGC4, reduced drought resistance with the decreased m6A enrichment on silenced genes in cotton. Collectively, we reveal a novel mechanism of post‐transcriptional modification involved in affecting drought response in cotton, by mediating m6A methylation on targeted transcripts in the ABA and Ca2+ signalling transduction pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose (1,5-AF) is a bioactive monosaccharide that is produced by the glycogenolysis in mammalians and is metabolized to 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG). 1,5-AG is used as a marker of glycemic control in diabetes patients. 1,5-AF has a variety of physiological activities, but its effects on energy metabolism, including feeding behavior, are unclarified. The present study examined whether 1,5-AF possesses the effect of satiety. Peroral administration of 1,5-AF, and not of 1,5-AG, suppressed daily food intake. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of 1,5-AF also suppressed feeding. To investigate the neurons targeted by 1,5-AF, we investigated c-Fos expression in the hypothalamus and brain stem. ICV injection of 1,5-AF significantly increased c-Fos positive oxytocin neurons and mRNA expression of oxytocin in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Moreover, 1,5-AF increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of oxytocin neurons in the PVN. Furthermore, the satiety effect of 1,5-AF was abolished in oxytocin knockout mice. These findings reveal that 1,5-AF activates PVN oxytocin neurons to suppress feeding, indicating its potential as the energy storage monitoring messenger to the hypothalamus for integrative regulation of energy metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface topography plays an important role in mixed lubrication. However, the influence of the surface topography's morphological characteristics on lubrication performance is still not fully understood. In this article, we employ digital filtering and the Johnson transformation system, and we use a mixed plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication model to simulate the lubricated contact between rough spherical surfaces with different morphological characteristic parameters. The influence of skewness, kurtosis, and the wavelength factor, that is, the ratio between the autocorrelation lengths in the transversal and longitudinal directions, on contact pressure, film thickness, and von Mises (subsurface) stress, is examined with the mixed plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication model. The results confirm that plastic deformation leads to lower pressure distribution, distributed over a larger contact area than the pure elastohydrodynamic lubrication solution. Moreover, it is found that an increase in the kurtosis may improve the lubrication performance, while the opposite is true for the skewness and the wavelength factor. We believe that the insights obtained by means of the numerical simulations presented herein, would facilitate the design and manufacturing processes of the surfaces used for machine elements operating in the mixed plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main food source of the world's population, grain quality safety is of great significance to the healthy development of human beings. The grain food supply chain is characterized by its long life cycle, numerous and complex business data, difficulty defining private information, and difficult managing and sharing. In order to strengthen the ability of information application processing and coordination of the grain food supply chain under many risk factors, an information management model suitable for the grain food supply chain is studied based on the blockchain multi-chain technology. First, the information on key links in the grain food supply chain is analyzed to obtain privacy data classifications. Second, a multi-chain network model of the grain food supply chain is constructed, and based on this model, the hierarchical encryption and storage mode of private data as well as the relay cross-chain communication mode, are designed. In addition, a complete consensus process, including CPBFT, ZKP, and KZKP algorithms, is designed for the global information collaborative consensus under the multi-chain architecture. Finally, the model is verified through performance simulation, theory analysis, and prototype system verification in terms of its correctness, security, scalability, and consensus efficiency. The results show that this research model effectively reduces the storage redundancy and deals with problems of data differential sharing in traditional single-chain research, as well as provides a secure data protection mechanism, a credible data interaction mechanism, and an efficient multi-chain collaborative consensus mechanism. By attempting to apply blockchain multi-chain technology to the grain food supply chain, this study provides new research ideas for the trusted protection of data and information collaborative consensus in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In utero exposure to diabetes has been shown to contribute to preterm birth, though the underlying biological mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. Fetal epigenetic variations established in utero may be a possible pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether in utero exposure to diabetes was associated with a change in newborn DNA methylation, and whether the identified CpG sites mediate the association between diabetes and preterm birth in a racially diverse birth cohort population. Methods: This study included 954 mother–newborn pairs. Methylation levels in the cord blood were determined using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip 850 K array platform. In utero exposure to diabetes was defined by the presence of maternal pregestational or gestational diabetes. Preterm birth was defined as gestational age at birth less than 37 weeks. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify differentially methylated CpG sites. Differentially methylated regions were identified using the DMRcate Package. Results: 126 (13%) newborns were born to mothers with diabetes in pregnancy and 173 (18%) newborns were born preterm, while 41 newborns were born both preterm and to mothers with diabetes in pregnancy. Genomic-wide CpG analysis found that eighteen CpG sites in cord blood were differentially methylated by maternal diabetes status at an FDR threshold of 5%. These significant CpG sites were mapped to 12 known genes, one of which was annotated to gene Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DM Beta (HLA-DMB). Consistently, one of the two identified significant methylated regions overlapped with HLA-DMB. The identified differentially methylated CpG sites mediated the association between diabetes in pregnancy and preterm birth by 61%. Conclusions: In this US birth cohort, we found that maternal diabetes was associated with altered fetal DNA methylation patterns, which substantially explained the link between diabetes and preterm birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article addresses the distributed adaptive synchronization tracking control problem for multiple flying‐wing UAVs with predefined accuracy and unknown input nonlinearities. Considering that the multiple flying‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) system is a large‐scale nonlinear and strongly coupled system, the control schemes in existing literature which only consider longitudinal, lateral or attitude control may not be applicable in practical engineering. Thus, a full‐state flying‐wing UAV model containing both translational and rotational motions is established, whose dynamics are six‐degree‐of‐freedom with twelve‐state‐variables. Furthermore, to handle the problem that the prior knowledge of the actuator nonlinearities of multi‐UAV system are difficult to obtain, a more general input nonlinear model is established and the adaptive boundary estimation technique is developed. Finally, a performance‐oriented controller is proposed by incorporating a series of smooth functions into adaptive neural control design and Lyapunov analysis. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the presented control scheme can guarantee the satisfactory transient tracking error performance, and the tracking error converges to a user‐defined interval ultimately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through inductive coupling, AC transmission lines can generate large amounts of voltage to buried oil and gas pipelines in areas with common corridors, posing a threat to the cathodic protection effect of pipelines. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of AC transmission lines on the cathodic protection of long-distance pipelines through inductive coupling. COMSOL Multiphysics finite element simulation software is used to calculate the distribution of cathodic protection potential of long-distance pipelines under different voltage levels, parallel spacing, conductor-to-ground height, conductor arrangement and pipeline burial depth for normal operation of AC transmission lines. Comparison and analysis of the AC transmission line on the pipeline cathodic protection potential interference law is conducted. The results show that: 1. AC transmission lines cause serious electromagnetic interference with the pipeline cathodic protection system, which will cause the pipeline cathodic protection potential to shift out of the effective protection area. 2. The maximum value of the induced voltage of the pipeline will appear at the two ends of the pipeline, and the induced voltage of the pipeline in the middle position is 0. 3. The shift of the pipeline cathodic protection potential increases with the increase of voltage level and decreases with the increase of parallel spacing, conductor height and burial depth. The pipeline cathodic protection potential shift is highest when the wires are arranged horizontally and lowest when they are arranged in an umbrella shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hidden collapse column has the characteristics of concealment, suddenness and connection with karst water, which pose a serious threat to safe production in coal mines. In this study, a numerical model of collapse columns with a random distribution of pores was constructed by a finite difference calculation program. Numerical simulation analyses of the coal mining face advance were carried out to explore the response characteristics of rock in the collapse column area under the influence of four factors: mining impact, lateral pressure coefficient, pore water and confined groundwater. The results show that the abutment pressure reaches its maximum when the working face advances to the boundary of the elastic stress elevated zone of the collapse column. The plastic zone above the collapse column shows a "Λ" shape and keeps growing during the advance of the working face. The height of the plastic zone in the top and bottom of the coal seam increases with the increasing lateral pressure coefficient. An increase in the lateral pressure coefficient can amplify the effect of mining on the vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution of the collapse column. When the collapse column is connected to the confined groundwater, the pore water pressure will increase significantly with the advancement of the working face. Under the joint action of confined groundwater and pore water, the extent of the plastic zone around the collapse column will be larger, and the development of the plastic zone inside the collapse column is especially obvious. This study will provide a basis for revealing the rock response rules in the area of the hidden collapse column during mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is estimated to have 70 million lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people, and in recent decades, the LGBT movement has seen rapid growth. However, because of the unavailability of data, a comprehensive understanding of the degree of regional development of the Chinese LGBT movement has been unavailable. By analyzing keyword search volumes for LGBT-related terms on Baidu (the largest internet search engine in China) from 2009 through 2015, we have produced the first representative and longitudinal portrait of LGBT orientation across the country. Our data revealed that the level of LGBT orientation search index in a province is significantly correlated with modernization and cultural capital stock factors, such as GDP per capita, resident income level, openness to foreign culture, and local cultural infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]