Search

Quantum metrology promises unprecedented precision of parameter estimation, but it is often vulnerable to noise. While significant efforts have been devoted to improving the metrology performance in Markovian environments, practical control schemes specifically designed for non-Markovian noises are much less investigated. Here, we propose two control-enhanced quantum metrology schemes that are suitable for tackling general non-Markovian noises described by noise channels or noise spectra. We conduct experiments to verify the efficacy of these schemes on a nuclear magnetic resonance system. The experimental results involving multiqubit probes show that the parameter estimation precision can be greatly improved, significantly surpassing the standard quantum limit, with our schemes. At present, non-Markovian noises are widely encountered on diverse quantum devices, the proposed schemes are relevant for realistic metrology applications on these platforms. Quantum metrology, a powerful paradigm for surpassing classical measurement precision, has been extensively studied for Markovian noise, while most practical physical processes obey non-Markovian dynamics. In this paper, the authors propose control-enhanced quantum metrology schemes to counteract non-Markovian noise and experimentally verify their efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite materials have potential applications in mini/micro-LED display applications due to their excellent photoelectric properties. However, these materials have an uncontrollable tendency to form large-sized crystals and poor stability, which is not conducive to miniaturized optoelectronic applications. Herein, a novel Cs4PbBr6@KBr color conversion film (Cs4PbBr6@KBr CCFs) with both excellent luminescence properties and high stability was in situ constructed by using inkjet printing technology. The improvement in performance is attributed to the reduction in perovskite defects within the structure and the isolation of oxygen and water by the surface modification layer, which is related to the higher solubility product of KBr. The Cs4PbBr6@KBr CCFs printed on a PET flexible substrate present a high-resolution dot matrix of 16.7 μm and a homogeneous and bright green emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 94%. Moreover, the Cs4PbBr6@KBr CCFs retain 65% of their initial intensity after being aged at 70 °C for 16 h, which is superior to that of perovskite CCFs without the coating of KBr. These results indicate that the Cs4PbBr6@KBr composite has excellent potential in realizing mini/micro-LED displays with high resolution and anti-counterfeiting lables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of global warming, the thawing settlement disasters of permafrost in the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) have intensified, which has serious effects on the safe operation of permafrost highway engineering. In this work, a prediction model for the thawing depth of permafrost subgrade in the QTEC under the climate warming scenario was established. Based on the survey results of permafrost ice content along the QTEC and the classification of thawing settlement risks, the zoning characteristics of thawing settlement of permafrost subgrade in the QTEC were obtained and analyzed. The results showed that the thawing depth of permafrost underlying the 26 m width subgrade in the QTEC will mainly remain below 9 m, and the area with a thawing depth of 6~9 m will have the widest spread within the next 20 years. The thawing settlement will be between 0.02 m and 5.45 m, with an average value of about 0.93 m after 20 years. Furthermore, after 50 years, the thawing depth of permafrost underlying the 26 m width subgrade will almost always be greater than 9 m, and the average thawing settlement will be about 1.12 m. Within the next 20 to 50 years, the risk of permafrost subgrade thawing settlement in the QTEC will be the most significant risk type, and this effect will mainly be distributed in the Kunlun Mountains, Chumar River Plain, Kekexili Mountains, Beiluhe Basin, Tanggula Mountains and intermountain Basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser‐driven white light exhibits exceptional brightness and directionality, making it particularly well‐suited for spotlight applications. Yet, attaining high‐quality white light remains challenging due to the sluggish heat dispersion and inconsistent light uniformity of color converters. In this study, an innovative phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) film architecture is introduced, aiming to achieve superior quality laser‐driven light, where the traditional Y3(Ga,Al)5O12:Ce3+ (YAGG:Ce3+) PiG film is topped with a Al2O3‐in‐glass (AiG) film. The heightened thermal conductivity of the AiG film facilitates quicker dissipation of heat, consequently elevating the luminescence saturation threshold from 14 to 16 W mm−2 and luminous flux from 1243.8 to 1475.9 lm. The increased light scattering attributed to the AiG film also effectively disperses both laser and emitted light, significantly enhancing the angular consistency of color rendering index (Ra). This improvement is evident as the coefficient of variation (Cv) decreases dramatically from 16.69% to 0.25%. Moreover, by integrating CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (CASN:Eu2+) into the PiG film and fine‐tuning the YAGG:Ce3+ and CASN:Eu2+ ratio, a high‐quality laser‐driven white light achieving an impressive color rendering index (Ra) of 88.7 and offering an adjustable correlated color temperature (CCT) has been developed. This innovation holds tremendous potential as a versatile spotlight solution for both indoor and outdoor settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a lack of relevant studies to grade the evidence on the risk factors of chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and only quantitative methods are used for systematic evaluation. The review aimed to systematically identify risk factors of chronic postoperative pain following TKA and to evaluate the strength of the evidence underlying these correlations. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched from initiation to September 2023. Cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies involving patients undergoing total knee replacement were included. A semi-quantitative approach was used to grade the strength of the evidence-based on the number of investigations, the quality of the studies, and the consistency of the associations reported by the studies. Results: Thirty-two articles involving 18,792 patients were included in the final systematic review. Ten variables were found to be strongly associated with postoperative pain, including Age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities condition, preoperative pain, chronic widespread pain, preoperative adverse health beliefs, preoperative sleep disorders, central sensitization, preoperative anxiety, and preoperative function. Sixteen factors were identified as inconclusive evidence. Conclusions: This systematic review clarifies which risk factors could be involved in future research on TKA pain management for surgeons and patients. It highlights those factors that have been controversial or weakly correlated, emphasizing the need for further high-quality studies to validate them. Most crucially, it can furnish clinicians with vital information regarding high-risk patients and their clinical attributes, thereby aiding in the development of preventive strategies to mitigate postoperative pain following TKA. Trial registration: This systematic review has been registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42023444097). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how doctoral graduates weigh considerations of employment sectors and cities in their career decision‐making processes. Guided by Social Cognitive Career Theory and a Four‐quadrant Model, researchers analysed interviews from 40 STEM doctoral graduates in China. Findings demonstrate that self‐efficacy, outcome expectations and goal‐setting were factors in participants' interests and selections of academic careers. Three types of doctoral graduates were identified: (1) highfliers, (2) academic loyalists and (3) city pickers. While participants prioritize employment sectors and cities differently, cities played a significant role in their career choices which intersected with gender and class factors. Female doctoral graduates were more inclined to follow their partners, while those from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds tended to prioritize cost of living factors at the expense of pursuing opportunities in top‐tier cities. Implications suggest that factors undergirding doctoral graduates' career choices rely on the interaction between geographical locations and employment sector opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst China has become home to the second largest doctoral education system in the world, with over 20% of its doctoral graduates taking up postdoctoral researcher positions inside and outside of China, a lack of information regarding the expectations of these doctoral graduates in pursuing postdocs has resulted in a failure to meet their expectations, leading to insufficient institutional support for their career development. In order to improve this situation and provide more tailored institutional support for Chinese postdocs, we conducted interviews with 30 doctoral graduates from elite Chinese universities from February 2020 to December 2021 to understand their expectations for and experiences of postdocs. The data identified four expected‐to‐accumulated capitals during postdoc experiences: personal scientific capital, discipline‐related social capital, institution‐related social capital and family‐related social capital. Among these, the primary consideration for engaging in postdocs is to enhance personal scientific capital in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Chinese doctoral graduates who choose domestic postdocs have higher expectations for increasing institution‐based social capital, while those who go abroad expect to develop discipline‐related social capital within the international academic community. Understanding these expectations will be instrumental in developing optimal approaches to providing institutional support for the career development of Chinese postdocs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's urbanization process is currently in a transition phase from rapid growth to slow growth, necessitating the implementation of sustainable measures in urban planning. Urban regeneration (UR), being one of the fundamental mechanisms for achieving sustainable urban development, has received considerable attention. UR promotes sustainable development by reusing abandoned land and buildings, improving energy efficiency, and enhancing the ecological environment. However, UR involves numerous stakeholders who may have conflicting interests due to factors such as the environment, technology, and economy, thereby giving rise to social risks (SRs). These SRs pose a threat to the success of UR projects and can also lead to social instability, as well as hindering sustainable urban development. Identifying risk sources forms the foundation of and key to risk management. Therefore, this research employs an integrated qualitative and quantitative method to explore the SR factors (SRFs) related to UR for China. On the basis of the grounded theory method, case study examination was used for data collection, resulting in the identification of 22 specific categories and five main categories. Through quantitative analysis, the identified SRFs and five main classifications of UR in China were verified, namely the negative effects of demolition and relocation, the negative environmental effect, the negative effect of technology, the organization-related negative effect, and the negative effect of policy. Among them, the unfair compensation for demolition and relocation has the greatest impact on the SRs in UR. Based on further analysis of the quantitative results, this study proposes three measures to alleviate the UR-related SRs for China on the macro, meso, and micro levels, which include improving policy and the legal system, enhancing collaborative governance capacity, and strengthening public participation. This research also has reference value in the context of promoting UR for other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high strain rate occurs when the strain rate exceeds 100 s−1. The mechanical behavior of materials at a high strain rate is different from that at middle and low strain rates. In order to study the dynamic compressive mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPSFRC) at high strain rates, an electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine and a separate Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with a diameter of 120 mm were used, respectively. A quasi-static compression test (strain rate 0.001 s−1) and impact compression test with a strain rate range of 90~200 s−1 were carried out to study the failure process, failure mode, and stress–strain curve characteristics of UHPSFRC at different strain rates and quantify the strain rate strengthening effect and fiber toughening effect. Based on the statistical damage theory and energy conversion principle, a dynamic damage constitutive model considering the effects of strain rate and fiber content was constructed. The results showed that the rate correlation of UHPSFRC and the fiber toughening properties showed a certain coupling competition mechanism. When the fiber content was less than 1.5%, with an increase in the steel fiber content, the crack initiation and propagation time of the specimen was extended, and the strain rate sensitivity gradually decreased. When the fiber content was 2%, the impact compressive strength of the specimen was optimal. Compared with UHPC, the dynamic increase factor (DIF) of UHPSFRC was significantly lower. The dynamic damage constitutive model established in this paper, considering the influence of strain rate and fiber content, has a good applicability and can describe the mechanical behavior of UHPSFRC at a high strain rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ideally, evaluating next-generation sequencing performance requires a gold standard; in its absence, concordance between replicates is often used as substitute standard. However, the appropriateness of the concordance-discordance criterion has been rarely evaluated. This study analyses the relationship between the probability of discordance and the probability of error under different conditions. Methods: This study used a conditional probability approach under conditional dependence then conditional independence between two sequencing results and compares the probabilities of discordance and error in different theoretical conditions of sensitivity, specificity, and correlation between replicates, then on real results of sequencing genome NA12878. The study examines also covariate effects on discordance and error using generalized additive models with smooth functions. Results: With 99% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity under conditional independence, the probability of error for a positive concordant pair of calls is 0.1%. With additional hypotheses of 0.1% prevalence and 0.9 correlation between replicates, the probability of error for a positive concordant pair is 47.4%. With real data, the estimated sensitivity, specificity, and correlation between tests for variants are around 98.98%, 99.996%, and 93%, respectively, and the error rate for positive concordant calls approximates 2.5%. In covariate effect analyses, the effects' functional form is close between discordance and error models, though the parts of deviance explained by the covariates differ between discordance and error models. Conclusion: With conditional independence of two sequencing results, the concordance-discordance criterion seems acceptable as substitute standard. However, with high correlation, the criterion becomes questionable because a high percentage of false concordant results appears among concordant results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the size effect of dynamic tension on the mechanical properties of rocks, the Φ75mm SHTB and the Φ75mm SHPB test systems were used to test red sandstone samples with four different length–diameter ratios (l/d = 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0). The size effect of fracture characteristics, tensile strength, and stress balance of rock samples under two loading methods were investigated, and two indexes that can characterize the size influence of rock's fracture mechanism were defined: the relative length fracture ratio ηL and the relative area fracture ratio ηS. The results show that: (1) in the direct tensile test, with the increase in l/d ratio, the ηL of samples constantly increases, which shows that the fracture plane is farther away from the incident bar. And samples of all sizes have direct tensile strengths between 2.3 and 3.1 MPa, which drop as the l/d ratio rises. (2) In the indirect tensile test, the ηS of samples increases with the increase in l/d ratio, which shows that the area of the triangle-like crushing area at both ends of the sample decreases. And the plastic stage of the stress–strain curve of the specimen decreases continuously, and the impact indirect tensile strength increases continuously with the increase in l/d ratio. (3) Under two different loading methods, the uniformity of the internal stress of samples decreases as the l/d ratio rises and the samples at 1.0 l/d ratio can hardly meet the requirements of stress balance. (4) Size effect and non-uniformity effect are the main reasons for the difference between dynamic direct and indirect tensile strength, and non-uniformity effect plays a leading role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FIGLA and NOBOX are important oocyte-specific transcription factors. Both figla-/- and nobox-/- mutants showed all-male phenotype in zebrafish due to increased dominance of the male-promoting pathway. The early diversion towards males in these mutants has precluded analysis of their roles in folliculogenesis. In this study, we attenuated the male-promoting pathway by deleting dmrt1, a key male-promoting gene, in figla-/- and nobox-/- fish, which allows a sufficient display of defects in folliculogenesis. Germ cells in figla-/-;dmrt1-/- double mutant remained in cysts without forming follicles. In contrast, follicles could form well but exhibited deficient growth in nobox-/-;dmrt1-/- double mutants. Follicles in nobox-/-;dmrt1-/- ovary could progress to previtellogenic (PV) stage but failed to enter vitellogenic growth. Such arrest at PV stage suggested a possible deficiency in estrogen signaling. This was supported by lines of evidence in nobox-/-;dmrt1-/-, including reduced expression of ovarian aromatase (cyp19a1a) and level of serum estradiol (E2), regressed genital papilla (female secondary sex characteristics), and more importantly the resumption of vitellogenic growth by E2 treatment. Expression analysis suggested Nobox might regulate cyp19a1a by controlling Gdf9 and/or Bmp15. Our discoveries indicate that Figla is essential for ovarian differentiation and follicle formation whereas Nobox is important for driving subsequent follicle development. Figla and Nobox are both important for folliculogenesis in zebrafish. Figla plays an essential role in follicle formation, while Nobox is important for promoting subsequent follicle development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an oocyte-specific growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) plays a critical role in controlling folliculogenesis. However, the mechanism of BMP15 action remains elusive. Using zebrafish as the model, we created a bmp15 mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 and demonstrated that bmp15 deficiency caused a significant delay in follicle activation and puberty onset followed by a complete arrest of follicle development at previtellogenic (PV) stage without yolk accumulation. The mutant females eventually underwent female-to-male sex reversal to become functional males, which was accompanied by a series of changes in secondary sexual characteristics. Interestingly, the blockade of folliculogenesis and sex reversal in bmp15 mutant could be partially rescued by the loss of inhibin (inha-/-). The follicles of double mutant (bmp15-/-;inha-/-) could progress to mid-vitellogenic (MV) stage with yolk accumulation and the fish maintained their femaleness without sex reversal. Transcriptome analysis revealed up-regulation of pathways related to TGF-β signaling and endocytosis in the double mutant follicles. Interestingly, the expression of inhibin/activin βAa subunit (inhbaa) increased significantly in the double mutant ovary. Further knockout of inhbaa in the triple mutant (bmp15-/-;inha-/-;inhbaa-/-) resulted in the loss of yolk granules again. The serum levels of estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (Vtg) both decreased significantly in bmp15 single mutant females (bmp15-/-), returned to normal in the double mutant (bmp15-/-;inha-/-), but reduced again significantly in the triple mutant (bmp15-/-;inha-/-;inhbaa-/-). E2 treatment could rescue the arrested follicles in bmp15-/-, and fadrozole (a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor) treatment blocked yolk accumulation in bmp15-/-;inha-/- fish. The loss of inhbaa also caused a reduction of Vtg receptor-like molecules (e.g., lrplab and lrp2a). In summary, the present study provided comprehensive genetic evidence that Bmp15 acts together with the activin-inhibin system in the follicle to control E2 production from the follicle, Vtg biosynthesis in the liver and its uptake by the developing oocytes. Author summary: Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is an oocyte-secreted growth factor that plays an essential role in female reproduction. However, scientists still do not fully understand how it works. In this study, we used zebrafish as the model to study the role of BMP15 in egg development. We genetically modified the zebrafish to delete the gene of BMP15 (bmp15). Without BMP15, the eggs failed to grow normally, and the female fish eventually changed sex to become males. However, if another protein, inhibin (inha), was also removed, the fish stayed females and their eggs could develop more normally. We found that removing inhibin changed expression of many other genes, including aromatase (cyp19a1a), the enzyme that makes female sex steroids (estrogens). We further demonstrated that the loss of aromatase was indeed the main reason for the failure of egg development in the fish without BMP15, and that removing inhibin helped restore the production of estrogens. In conclusion, this study found that BMP15 is vital for egg development and maintaining the female sex in fish and that it works by controlling production of female sex steroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal highly toxic to human health in the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Pb impact on the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). WT C57BL/6 (B6) mice treated with 1250 ppm Pb via drinking water for 8 weeks had increased the quiescence of HSC in the bone marrow (BM), which was caused by the suppressed activation of the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling. Mechanically, a synergistic action of Pb and IFNγ on BM-resident macrophages (BM-Mφ) reduced their surface expression of CD70, which thereby dampened the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling to suppress the proliferation of HSC in mice. In addition, a joint action of Pb and IFNγ also suppressed the expression of CD70 on human Mφ to impair the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling and reduce the proliferation of human HSC purified from umbilical cord blood of healthy donors. Moreover, correlation analyses showed that the blood Pb concentration was or tended to be positively associated with the quiescence of HSC, and was or tended to be negatively associated with the activation of the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling in HSC in human subjects occupationally exposed to Pb. Collectively, these data indicate that an occupationally relevant level of Pb exposure suppresses the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling to increase the quiescence of HSC via reducing the expression of CD70 on BM-Mφ in both mice and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional survival analysis methods have been widely used in medicine and various fields, but they must satisfy some statistical assumptions. Machine learning methods can overcome this weakness. Three support vector-based machine learning-survival analysis models are proposed with an actual cancer dataset. Experiments show that some machine learning models outperform the Cox statistical model. Accurate kernel complexity experiments are designed for different models, and the selected kernel functions are Poly, neural tangent kernel (NTK) and so on. The NTK kernel model with the highest accuracy is investigated in more depth, including computational complexity and robustness. Some interesting properties are found in these aspects that may provide new ideas for researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the mileage of long tunnels and the number of underground engineering projects continue to increase, the issue of rock mass stability after fire and explosion becomes increasingly prominent. Therefore, studying high strain rates mechanical properties of rocks under different heat treatment methods is of great significance to the design of geological engineering. In this study, Caledonian granite of Sejila Mountain is selected as the research object. Impact compression tests are conducted after high-temperature natural cooling and real-time high-temperature treatment to analyze the mechanical properties and crushing energy consumption characteristics after exposure to 400 ℃. The results show that the temperature threshold of Sejila Mountain granite is 800 ℃. On average, the peak stress after natural cooling at 400 ℃, 500 ℃, 600 ℃, and 700 ℃ decreases by 6.96%, 8.77%, 16.11%, and 31.51% compared to room temperature. Under real-time high-temperature, the peak stress decreases by 8.36%, 14.65%, 27.83%, and 46.55% on average compared to room temperature. The specimen fragments under real-time high-temperature are more rounded than those after natural cooling, and the fractal dimension is larger. The specific energy absorption (SEA) has a sudden change critical temperature, which is 500 ℃ for real-time high-temperature and 600 ℃ for natural cooling. Highlights: The damage and deterioration laws of granite mechanical properties after natural-cooling and real-time hightemperature are compared through impact compression mechanical test. It is analyzed the mechanical properties and crushing energy consumption characteristics of Caledonian granite in Sejila Mountain at 400 ℃-800 ℃. The defects of fractal dimension calculation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the different sensitivities of the 2E and 4T2 energy levels of Cr3+ to the local environment, Cr3+-doped fluorescent materials appear as excellent candidates for highly sensitive temperature sensing based on luminescence intensity ratio technology. However, a way to broaden the strict Boltzmann temperature measuring range is rarely reported. In this work, through Al3+ alloying strategy, a series of SrGa12−xAlxO19:0.5%Cr3+(x = 0, 2, 4, and 6) solid-solution phosphors were synthesized. Remarkably, the introduction of Al3+ can play a role in regulating the crystal field around Cr3+ and the symmetry of [Ga/AlO6] octahedron, realizing the synchronous tuning of 2E and 4T2 energy levels when the temperature changes in a wide range, achieving the purpose of increasing the intensity difference of 2E → 4A2 and 4T2 → 4A2 transitions, so as to extend the temperature sensing range. Among all samples, SrGa6Al6O19:0.5%Cr3+ showed the widest temperature measuring range from 130 K to 423 K with Sa of 0.0066 K−1 and Sr of 1% K−1@130 K. This work proposed a feasible way to extend the temperature sensing range for transition metal-doped LIR-mode thermometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the mechanical behavior of rocks under real-time high-temperature conditions is of great significance for the development of energy caverns, nuclear waste disposal projects, and tunneling engineering. In this study, a real-time high-temperature impact compression test was conducted on Sejila Mountain granite to explore the effects of temperature and external load on its mechanical properties. Based on the concepts of damage mechanics and statistics, a coupled thermal–mechanical (T-M) damage constitutive model was established, which considers the temperature effect and uses the double-shear unified strength as the yield criterion. The parameter expressions were clarified, and the accuracy and applicability of the model were verified by experimental data. The research results indicated that high temperatures had an obvious damaging and deteriorating effect on the strength of the granite, while an increase in impact velocity had an enhancing effect on the strength of the granite. The established constitutive model theoretical curve and test curve showed a high degree of agreement, indicating that the coupled T-M model can objectively represent the evolution process of damage in rocks and the physical meaning of its parameters is clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock engineering in cold regions is in special environment of freeze–thaw cycle (FTC) and complex stress, and its mechanical properties would be seriously affected. To investigate the effects of FTC and complex dynamics on the engineering properties of rocks, the degradation characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of Tongchuan sandstone after different FTC have been studied through nuclear magnetic resonance test, scanning electron microscope test and split Hopkinson pressure bar test. The study found that the micropores of the sandstone increased significantly after freeze–thaw (FT), and the variation of aperture uniformity coefficient and permeability showed that FT80 was an inflection point, and the damage degree of FT80 increased sharply. When the freezing temperature is − 20 °C, the liquid water inside the pores with a pore size of not less than 3.38 nm will freeze. Failure to fully consider the effects of unfrozen porosity and water content will underestimate the ability of FT to degrade rocks. The coupling effect of FT, confining pressure (CP) and SR shows the strengthening of rock strength, in which SR has the greatest impact on the dynamic strength of FT sandstone, followed by CP, and FT damage is the least. The triaxial dynamic damage constitutive model of FT rock considering FT damage and impact load damage is established, it is verified that the proposed model is reasonable. Highlights: The microstructure evolution characteristics of sandstone after freeze–thaw damage are discussed in detail. The degradation mechanism of freeze–thaw sandstone is deeply studied and a damage model considering water content and unfrozen pores is established. The triaxial dynamic damage constitutive model of rock considering freeze–thaw damage and impact load damage is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to carry out impact compression test on the concrete, granite, and concrete-granite combined samples with different interface roughness. The effect of interface roughness on stress wave propagation was studied, which was the result of competition between the strengthening effect of interface bonding force on the transmission ability of stress wave and the weakening effect of rough fluctuation on stress wave propagation. The failure mode of components in the concrete, granite, and combined samples were compared and analyzed; the failure patterns of concrete components were mainly massive, granular, or even powdery, and the rock components existing in combined form were mostly split along the groove position of the interface. After analyzing the crushing characteristics and energy dissipation characteristics of samples, the energy absorption characteristics of the two components in combination and the influence of roughness on the mechanical characteristics of the composite were explored based on the difference in the block characteristics of the concrete, granite, and the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contradiction between the limited service capacity of system and the explosive growth of demand has hampered the sustainable development of logistics system. Taking into account the structure of logistics system, this study introduces a system dynamics approach to explore the complex correlation and coupling structure of system, analyzes the multiple feedback loops and design the different scenarios. Results show that the validity and rationality of logistics system model, and the error percentage of GDP and logistics demand factors less than 6%. The influence of the investment in reverse logistics, logistics management, information and organizational management factor on the service quality of logistics system increases in turn. Additionally, adjustment of industrial structure has a significant impact on the investment in information management factor, and highway transportation plays a key role in influencing logistics energy consumption and carbon emissions indexes. The findings can provide valuable references and methodologies, as well as support for decision-making in the sustainable development of logistics system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key to developing laser-driven solid-state lighting lies in high-performance color converters, which must be thermally robust under the high-power density excitation of a laser. Phosphor-in-glass (PiG) films are considered as a kind of promising color converter for laser lighting, but the poor thermal dissipation of the glass matrix will cause large thermal quenching of the PiG films and hence low luminous flux of lighting sources. In this work, Al2O3 particles, acting as a heat transfer medium, are introduced into the La3Si6N11:Ce3+ (LSN:Ce3+) PiG film to form a composite color converter for realizing high-brightness laser lighting. By optimizing the ratio of glass frits to Al2O3 as well as the film thickness, the Al2O3–LSN:Ce3+ composite PiG film shows a luminance saturation threshold of 23.08 W mm−2, which is 26.3% higher than that of the Al2O3-free LSN:Ce3+ PiG film (18.27 W mm−2). The luminous flux of the composite PiG film under blue laser excitation is improved by 51.4% and reaches 3120 lm, and the luminous flux of the laser-driven white light can reach up to 2886 lm. It indicates that the Al2O3–LSN:Ce3+ composite PiG film would be an interesting color converter for producing high-brightness laser-driven white light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskites based on CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) have promising applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. In this paper, the phase stability of inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbCl3 under hydrostatic pressure and anion substitution is studied using density functional theory (DFT), and this modification is explained by the interaction of the octahedrons and transformation of the bond-orbital coupling. In addition, two space groups, P4/mbm and Amm2, which are stable under stress, are subjected to anion substitution; then, the structural stability and band gap change of CsPbCl3−yXy (X = Br, I; y = 0, 1, 2, 3) are analyzed after applying stress; finally, the electronic structures and optical properties of the six most stable components are presented. The effect of stress and anions on the components' optoelectronic properties is closely linked with the crystal's structural alteration mechanism. These results show that stress and anion modulation can significantly change the optoelectronic properties of materials, which make these materials have broad application prospects. Furthermore, stress can be used as an effective tool for screening the most stable material structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Guided by the social embeddedness model of thriving at work, this paper explores how nursing organizational culture, work engagement and affective commitment affect nurses' thriving at work. Background: Thriving at work has implications for better employee and organization outcomes. The antecedents of thriving at work among the nursing population needs to be expanded by analysing the cross‐level impact of organizational and individual characteristics. Methods: A cross‐sectional design was used to collect data from 1437 frontline nurses in a tertiary teaching hospital in China between April and May 2020 through an online survey about perceived nursing culture, work engagement, affective commitment and thriving at work. Data were analysed using SPSS, and a structural equation model was established using the PROCESS macro. Results: Our results showed that work engagement and affective commitment mediated the relationship between nurses' perceived nursing culture and their thriving at work. Among nurses, work engagement was positively correlated to affective commitment. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the social embeddedness model of thriving at work by showing that both contextual and dispositional factors can influence nurses' thriving at work. Nurse leaders can foster nursing staff's thriving at work by building an inclusive work environment and by providing adequate resources to staff. Future research is needed to elaborate on employee and organizational outcomes associated with thriving at work. Impact: Nurse leaders should be the advocate for nurses to improve their organizational identification, fostering their thriving at work. Individual nurses can also take an active role in developing work‐related resources to sustain their thriving through self‐adaption processes. Collective thriving in the nursing workforce is needed to overcome adversity and hardship in the ever‐changing and increasingly demanding health care industry and to further contribute to the vitality of the broader social and public environments. Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution. This study did not involve patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a multi-period buffer space hedging coordination between a building contractor (BC) and a logistics provider (LP) is investigated. In order to facilitate the application of the construction lead-time hedging (CLTH) strategy, adopted by the BC, extra buffer space needs to be reserved at LP's intermediate warehouse for contingency usage. This strategy is defined as 'buffer space hedging (BSH)' and it increases the pressure of LP on involving extra storage and maintenance cost. Two coordination mechanisms are adopted for solving this BSH problem. One scheme is by introducing a cost-sharing term. A Nash game model is studied to find the individual optimal decisions. Another scheme is a cooperative game model with proper side-payments. We show that adjusting the BSH amount for each review period benefits the supply chain. Both coordination mechanisms enable a win–win outcome. Especially, if system resources are sufficient, the cooperative game outperforms the Nash game. Numerical experiments further demonstrate that the benefit of the proposed model is more significant under the case with lower unit enlarging/rearrangement cost, higher tardiness penalty and unpredictable and uncontrollable construction process-determined assembled and installed prefabs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POST-TRANSLATIONALLY MODIFIED NEOANTIGEN-BASED DISEASE ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT Neoantigen-specific self-reactive T cell assessment The production and activation of self-reactive T cells is an important part in antigen-specific autoimmune damage. The PTM neoantigen-based autoimmune diseases diagnostic strategy mainly contains two parts: neoantigen-based disease risk assessment and disease activity assessment (Figure 1). Keywords: metabolite; neoantigen; post-translational modification; self-reactive T cell EN metabolite neoantigen post-translational modification self-reactive T cell 1 3 3 08/30/23 20230801 NES 230801 GENERATION OF POST-TRANSLATIONALLY MODIFIED NEOANTIGEN IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES Autoimmune diseases can be caused by emerging neoantigens that break immune tolerance in humans. [Extracted from the article]

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) was the first oocyte-specific growth factor identified; however, most information about GDF9 functions comes from studies in the mouse model. In this study, we created a mutant for Gdf9 gene (gdf9-/-) in zebrafish using TALEN approach. The loss of Gdf9 caused a complete arrest of follicle development at primary growth (PG) stage. These follicles eventually degenerated, and all mutant females gradually changed to males through sex reversal, which could be prevented by mutation of the male-promoting gene dmrt1. Interestingly, the phenotypes of gdf9-/- could be rescued by simultaneous mutation of inhibin α (inha-/-) but not estradiol treatment, suggesting a potential role for the activin-inhibin system or its signaling pathway in Gdf9 actions. In gdf9 null follicles, the expression of activin βAa (inhbaa), but not βAb (inhbab) and βB (inhbb), decreased dramatically; however, its expression rebounded in the double mutant (gdf9-/-;inha-/-). These results indicate clearly that the activation of PG follicles to enter the secondary growth (SG) requires intrinsic factors from the oocyte, such as Gdf9, which in turn works on the neighboring follicle cells to trigger follicle activation, probably involving activins. In addition, our data also support the view that estrogens are not involved in follicle activation as recently reported. Author summary: Follicles are the basic structural and functional units of the ovary. Each follicle consists of an oocyte and surrounding somatic follicle cells. The growth and maturation of follicles or folliculogenesis is controlled by a variety of hormones and local factors. It has been known for decades that the oocyte in the follicle plays an active role in controlling folliculogenesis by releasing various regulatory factors, among which the growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is the best characterized one. In this study, we used gene editing method to delete the gene for GDF9 (gdf9) in the zebrafish. We discovered that without gdf9 gene (mutant), the follicles could not develop to advanced stages and the females were therefore infertile. Interestingly, when inhibin (a hormone from the ovary) was lost simultaneously, the follicles in the gdf9 mutant resumed growth and development. We hypothesized that the resumption of follicle growth in the double mutant of gdf9 and inha was likely due to increased activity of activin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activin and inhibin are both dimeric proteins sharing the same β subunits that belong to the TGF-β superfamily. They are well known for stimulating and inhibiting pituitary FSH secretion, respectively, in mammals. In addition, activin also acts as a mesoderm-inducing factor in frogs. However, their functions in development and reproduction of other species are poorly defined. In this study, we disrupted all three activin/inhibin β subunits (βAa, inhbaa; βAb, inhbab; and βB, inhbb) in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9. The loss of βAa/b but not βB led to a high mortality rate in the post-hatching stage. Surprisingly, the expression of fshb but not lhb in the pituitary increased in the female βA mutant together with aromatase (cyp19a1a) in the ovary. The single mutant of βAa/b showed normal folliculogenesis in young females; however, their double mutant (inhbaa-/-;inhbab-/-) showed delayed follicle activation, granulosa cell hypertrophy, stromal cell accumulation and tissue fibrosis. The ovary of inhbaa-/- deteriorated progressively after 180 dpf with reduced fecundity and the folliculogenesis ceased completely around 540 dpf. In addition, tumor- or cyst-like tissues started to appear in the inhbaa-/- ovary after about one year. In contrast to females, activin βAa/b mutant males showed normal spermatogenesis and fertility. As for activin βB subunit, the inhbb-/- mutant exhibited normal folliculogenesis, spermatogenesis and fertility in both sexes; however, the fecundity of mutant females decreased dramatically at 270 dpf with accumulation of early follicles. In summary, the activin-inhibin system plays an indispensable role in fish reproduction, in particular folliculogenesis and ovarian homeostasis. Author summary: Activin and inhibin are important growth factors that play essential roles in animal development and reproduction. Activin and inhibin share the same β subunits, but they are antagonistic in function. Using gene editing technology, we studied the functional roles and importance of all three β subunits (βAs: inhbaa and inhbab; βB: inhbb) in zebrafish development and reproduction. Our results showed that the loss of all three subunits resulted in early death in zebrafish larvae, indicating functional importance of these molecules in development. Further analysis demonstrated essential roles of the β subunits especially βΑs (inhbaa and inhbab) in controlling female follicle development in the ovary. The loss of βΑs especially inhbaa showed delayed follicle activation and ovarian fibrosis. Without inhbaa gene, the ovary deteriorated progressively after 6 months and the formation of eggs stopped completely after 18 months. In summary, the present study provided comprehensive evidence for the relative importance of each β subunit in zebrafish reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nursing information systems embedded with standardized nursing language and clinical decision support have been increasingly introduced in health care settings. User experience is key to the adoption of health information technologies. Despite extensive research into the user experience with nursing information systems, few studies have focused on the interaction between user, technology and organizational attributes during its implementation. Guided by the human, organization and technology-fit framework, this study aimed to investigate nurses' perceptions and experiences with transition to a new nursing information system (Care Direct) 2 years after its first introduction.Methods: This is a mixed-method study using an embedded design. An online survey was launched to collect nurses' self-reported use of the new system, perceived system effectiveness and experience of participation in system optimization. Twenty-two semi structured interviews were conducted with twenty nurses with clinical or administrative roles. The quantitative and qualitative data were merged using the Pillar Integration Process.Results: The average score of system use behavior was 3.76 ± 0.79. Regarding perceived system effectiveness, the score of each dimension ranged 3.07-3.34 out of 5. Despite large variations in approaches to participating in system optimization, nurses had generally positive experiences with management and technical support. Eight main categories emerged from the integrated findings, which were further condensed into three themes: perceptions on system content, structure, and functionality; perceptions on interdisciplinary and cross-level cooperation; and embracing and accepting the change.Conclusions: Effective collaboration between clinicians, administrators and technical staff is required during system promotion to enhance system usability and user experience. Clear communication of organizational missions to staff and support from top management is needed to smooth the system implementation process and achieve broader system adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAP1 and MRAP2) are well‐known endocrine regulators for the trafficking and signalling of all five melanocortin receptors (MC1R–MC5R). The observation of MRAP2 on regulating several non‐melanocortin G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been sporadically reported, whereas other endogenous GPCR partners of the MRAP protein family are largely unknown. Methods: Here, we performed single‐cell transcriptome analysis and drew a fine GPCR blueprint and MRAPs‐associated network of two major endocrine organs, the hypothalamus and adrenal gland at single‐cell resolution. We also integrated multiple bulk RNA‐seq profiles and single‐cell datasets of human and mouse tissues, and narrowed down a list of 48 GPCRs with strong endogenous co‐expression correlation with MRAPs. Results: 36 and 46 metabolic‐related GPCRs were consequently identified as novel interacting partners of MRAP1 or MRAP2, respectively. MRAPs exhibited protein–protein interactions and varying pharmacological properties on the surface translocation, constitutive activities and ligand‐stimulated downstream signalling of these GPCRs. Knockdown of MRAP2 expression by hypothalamic administration of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) packed shRNA stimulated body weight gain in mouse model. Co‐injection of corticotropinreleasing factor (CRF), the agonist of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), suppressed feeding behaviour in a MRAP2‐dependent manner. Conclusions: Collectively, our study has comprehensively elucidated the complex GPCR networks in two major endocrine organs and redefined the MRAP protein family as broad‐spectrum GPCR modulators. MRAP proteins not only serve as a vital endocrine pivot on the regulation of global GPCR activities in vivo that could explain the composite physiological phenotypes of the MRAP2 null murine model but also provide us with new insights of the phenotyping investigation of GPCR–MRAP functional complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of vehicle market demand and technology update, the vehicle display technology has developed rapidly, and the electronic side view mirror has gradually entered the market. Electronic side view mirror has many advantages, such as wide viewing angle, applicability to bad weather, excellent night vision ability, etc. But it also has some limitations, such as slow response time and poor working performance in low temperature environment. In order to solve the above problems, this paper integrates TDDI and in cell heating and improves the response time through OD function, and detects temperature to control heating driver through integrated temperature sensor, so that the module can have ultra‐high response time under low temperature environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent home energy management system (IHEMS) manages various home appliances depending on user preferences in order to save energy cost and assure user satisfaction. To realize cooperation between the distribution system operator (DSO) and end-user, a two-stage scheduling optimization model is developed based on the flexibility quantification, with the user privacy in demand-side management in a specific cluster taken into account. It also aids to reduce the network operation cost, and the distribution system's uncertainty caused by wind power is represented using chance constraints. The user uploads the IHEMS-calculated offered flexibility to DSO via cluster; DSO optimizes the optimal flexibility to minimize the operation cost; then, clusters distribute the flexibility requirement based on the flexibility index; finally, the user updates the optimal schedule. The numerical results using MATLAB are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of economy, more and more attention has been paid to the monitoring system, which provides a reliable and powerful guarantee for people's daily life, property security, and national security. The intelligent video surveillance introduces computer vision-related technologies into traditional video surveillance and realizes the analysis and understanding of video data without artificial dependence to obtain valuable target information in the perceived video data. On this basis, functions such as abnormal event monitoring and real-time alarm are realized. Distributed streaming media monitoring has changed the manual-based monitoring and content analysis modes of traditional monitoring, but the high-complexity calculations such as motion estimation and motion compensation in the encoding process increase the burden of monitoring and sensing equipment. Especially with the development of wireless multimedia technology, the traditional video coding has been unable to meet the requirements of monitoring and sensing equipment in the monitoring system based on wireless technology. This paper proposes an adaptive weighted tensor completion algorithm to complete the repair of streaming media data perceived by ordinary sensing devices. In the proposed algorithm, considering the unbalanced information distribution and data redundancy problems that may exist in the data, the tensor data is adjusted according to the approximate solution algorithm to obtain tensor data that only retains important information and the information distribution is more balanced and reasonable. In the iterative solution process, in order to better map the impact of each dimension of data in the repair process, an adaptive weighting mechanism is proposed according to the data characteristics to obtain the corresponding weight value of each dimension of data. Finally, the proposed approximate tensor solving algorithm and adaptive weighting mechanism are applied to a simple low-rank tensor completeness algorithm based on tensor columns to form the algorithm of this paper, and it is used to repair perceptual streaming media data with data missing problems. The experimental results show that the algorithm in this paper can improve the perceived streaming media data quality by 3% based on the known data information and maintain an advantage of 2% in average processing time. It avoids the replacement of sensing equipment and also provides data quality assurance for subsequent sensing streaming media content analysis. It has certain research significance for the development of monitoring system with artificial intelligence management for target perception and tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal in our environment. The influence of Cd on the development of platelets, or megakaryocytopoiesis, remains to be defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Cd on megakaryocytopoiesis. C57BL/6 (B6) mice aged 6–8 weeks were treated with 10 ppm Cd via drinking water or control for 3 months, and megakaryocytopoiesis was evaluated thereafter. Mice treated with Cd had a decreased number of platelets in the blood, which was associated with the reduced number of megakaryocyte progenitors (MkP) and megakaryocytes (MK) in the bone marrow (BM). Functional analyses indicate that Cd treatment impaired the proliferation and differentiation of MkP as well as the maturation of MK in the BM, suggesting that Cd treatment impeded megakaryocytopoiesis. Intriguingly, the impaired megakaryocytopoiesis in the BM of mice treated with Cd was not caused by increased apoptosis of MkP. Moreover, in vitro treatment of MkP with Cd did not impact their proliferation or differentiation, indicating that the impeded megakaryocytopoiesis in the BM of mice was likely not caused by direct action of Cd on MkP. On the other hand, Cd treatment selectively suppressed thrombopoietin (TPO) production in the BM and decreased the cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene signaling in MkP, thus likely leading to the impeded megakaryocytopoiesis in the BM and thrombocytopenia in the blood of mice. This study revealed a previously unrecognized hematopoietic toxicity of Cd, which may extend our current understanding of Cd toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a coordination scheme to solve a production lead-time hedging (PLTH) issue in the prefabricated construction supply chain management. To mitigate tardiness delivery owing to prefab production uncertainty, the project contractor (PC) prefers to inform the prefab factory (PF) an earlier due date which is termed as PLTH strategy. However, this strategy forces the PF to compress its production process. A balance must be optimised through the proposed PLTH coordination scheme. It includes a PLTH-related cost term, i.e. crashing money (charged by the PF to the PC) and a constant transfer term. Three models with different power structures are considered. Firstly, two Stackelberg games with alternative decision-making sequences and an equal power model are discussed to obtain the optimal PLTH amount and crashing money. Later on, a cost-sharing term is used to fairly allocate the system surplus. It is observed that this coordination scheme reduces the PLTH amount and ensures win–win coordination for both parties. Some interesting managerial implications are also obtained from comparison analysis and numerical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), an orexigenic neuropeptide, is primarily secreted by the hypothalamus and acts on its receptor, the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1), to regulate appetite and energy homeostasis. The Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Protein 2 (MRAP2), a small single transmembrane protein broadly expressed in multiple tissues, has been defined as a vital endocrine modulator of five melanocortin receptors (MC1R–MC5R) and several other GPCRs in the regulation of central neuronal activities and peripheral energy balance. Here, we demonstrated the interaction between MRAP2 and MCHR1 by immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescent assay and found that MRAP2 could inhibit MCHR1 signaling in vitro. A series of functional truncations of different regions further identified that the C-terminal domains of MRAP2 protein were required for the pharmacological modulation of intracellular Ca2+ coupled cascades and membrane transport. These findings elucidated the broad regulatory profile of MRAP2 protein in the central nervous system and may provide implications for the modulation of central MCHR1 function in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has important guiding significance to study the influence of high temperature on physical and chemical properties and dynamic compression mechanical properties of rocks on the stability of rock mass engineering involving thermal behavior. The damage characteristics and dynamic mechanical characteristics of sandstone after different temperatures (20 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, 1000 °C) are studied. The mineral composition, mineral content and pore structure of sandstone changed significantly after heat treatment. The content of clay minerals decreases and the content of quartz increases. And all the internal hematite is reduced at 400 °C. The content of macropores increases, and the pore size range decreases. The Split Hopkinson pressure bar is used to perform uniaxial impact compression tests on the heat-treated sandstone specimens with different average impact speeds (8.6 m/s, 14.6 m/s and 18.8 m/s). It is found that the impact speed would weaken the degrading effect of temperature on sandstone, and the temperature would increase the strengthening effect of strain rate. The change of the dynamic elastic modulus of sandstone under the coupling effect of temperature and loading includes the temperature weakening stage, the impact load enhancing stage and the temperature weakening stage. A damage dynamic constitutive model considering the combined effects of temperature initial damage and impact loading damage is established according to the study of the macroscopic and mesoscopic degradation characteristics of sandstone by temperature. The rationality of the model is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sprayed concrete and surrounding rock will be impacted by seismic waves, air shock, and flying rock created by the drilling and blasting process used in mine and tunnel construction. The dynamic compression behaviors of concrete–rock combined body with six different inclination degrees (0, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°) were numerically simulated using LS-DYNA and the Holmquist–Johnson–Cook constitutive model in this work. The effect of the confining pressure (ECP) and strain rate (ESR) on the responses of the 3D meso-combined body were analyzed. Results indicated that the compressive strength of the combination can be improved, while the peak strain is lowered by increasing the contact inclination angle. The inclination dip determines the eventual failure mechanism of the specimens, and the final failure modes of the composite specimens with different dip angles can be divided into splitting failure, shear-compression composite failure, and shear failure. Finally, calculation results were compared with theoretical data published by R.E. Sheriff (1996). The research results are helpful to understand the dynamic failure law of lining confining pressure structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In epidemiology, left-truncated data may bias exposure effect estimates. We analyzed the bias induced by left truncation in estimating breast cancer risk associated with exposure to airborne dioxins. Simulations were run with exposure estimates from a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based metric and considered two hypotheses for historical exposure, three scenarios for intra-individual correlation of annual exposures, and three exposure-effect models. For each correlation/model combination, 500 nested matched case–control studies were simulated and data fitted using a conditional logistic regression model. Bias magnitude was assessed by estimated odds-ratios (ORs) versus theoretical relative risks (TRRs) comparisons. With strong intra-individual correlation and continuous exposure, left truncation overestimated the Beta parameter associated with cumulative dioxin exposure. Versus a theoretical Beta of 4.17, the estimated mean Beta (5%; 95%) was 73.2 (67.7; 78.8) with left-truncated exposure and 4.37 (4.05; 4.66) with lifetime exposure. With exposure categorized in quintiles, the TRR was 2.0, the estimated ORQ5 vs. Q1 2.19 (2.04; 2.33) with truncated exposure versus 2.17 (2.02; 2.32) with lifetime exposure. However, the difference in exposure between Q5 and Q1 was 18× smaller with truncated data, indicating an important overestimation of the dose effect. No intra-individual correlation resulted in effect dilution and statistical power loss. Left truncation induced substantial bias in estimating breast cancer risk associated with exposure with continuous and categorical models. With strong intra-individual exposure correlation, both models detected associations, but categorical models provided better estimates of effect trends. This calls for careful consideration of left truncation-induced bias in interpreting environmental epidemiological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effect of freeze–thaw weathering damage deterioration on the strength of Huashan granite, this paper conducted a freeze–thaw (FT) cycle test on Huashan granite at − 20 to 20 °C and 0–100 cycles. Thus, the basic physical parameters change law of Huashan granite after freeze–thaw weathering are obtained. The SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) device was used to perform uniaxial and confining impact compression of granite, analyze the macro-mechanical test phenomena, and reveal the influence of freeze–thaw damage on rock strength. The results show that frost heave failure is the principal mechanism that causes the strength to decrease after freeze–thaw weathering. The static uniaxial compressive strength and maximum tensile strength of Huashan granite decreased by 38.4 and 21.5% after 100 FT cycles, respectively. The rate of reduction of peak stress does not necessarily grow with the increase of the number of cycles, and the average reduction rate in each phase ranges from 0.1 to 2.4%. It means that the damage accumulation of freeze–thaw weathering on rocks is not a uniformly increasing damage process. The radial restraint of confining pressure can effectively increase the peak stress of the material. When the strain rate is low, no failure occurs in the specimens due to the hoop restraint of confining pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) plays an essential role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and deletion of which results in severe obesity syndrome in mice and human. Mammalian MRAP2 is recognized as an endogenous physiological mediator through the potentiation of the MC4R signaling in vivo. Two isoforms of MRAP2 are identified in zebrafish genome, zMRAP2a and zMRAP2b. However, the mechanism of assembling dual topology and the regulatory roles of each complex on the melanocortin cascades remains unclear. In this study, we showed the bidirectional homo‐ and hetero‐dimeric topologies of two zebrafish MRAP2 isoforms on the plasma membrane. Orientation fixed chimeric proteins could affect the trafficking and pharmacological properties of zMC4R signaling. Reciprocal replacement of zMRAP2a and zMRAP2b proteins elucidated the major participation of the carboxyl terminal as the functional domain for modulating zMC4R signaling. Our findings revealed the complex and dynamic conformational regulation of dual zebrafish MRAP2 proteins in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a metabolism-associated fatty liver disease with accumulated mitochondrial stress, and targeting mitochondrial function is a potential therapy. The mitochondrial genome-encoded bioactive peptide MOTS-c plays broad physiological roles, but its effectiveness and direct targets in NASH treatment are still unclear. Here, we show that long-term preventive and short-term therapeutic effects of MOTS-c treatments alleviate NASH-diet-induced liver steatosis, cellular apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity and metabolites profiling analysis show that MOTS-c significantly reverses NASH-induced mitochondrial metabolic deficiency. Moreover, we identify that MOTS-c directly interacts with the BH3 domain of antiapoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), increases Bcl-2 protein stability, and suppresses Bcl-2 ubiquitination. By using a Bcl-2 inhibitor or adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Bcl-2 knockdown, we further confirm that MOTS-c improves NASH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis, which are dependent on Bcl-2 function. Therefore, our findings show that MOTS-c is a potential therapeutic agent to inhibit the progression of NASH. [Display omitted] • MOTS-c treatment efficiently alleviates NASH progression • MOTS-c improves acyl-carnitine shuttle and TCA cycle metabolic pathway in NASH livers • MOTS-c acts as a Bcl-2 stabilizer to decrease Bcl-2 protein ubiquitination and degradation • The protective effect of MOTS-c against NASH progression is based on Bcl-2 function Lu et al. report that the mitochondrial genome-encoded peptide MOTS-c alleviates NASH-diet-induced mitochondrial metabolic deficiency, liver steatosis, cellular apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Further, they show that MOTS-c interacts with Bcl-2, suppresses Bcl-2 ubiquitination, and increases its protein stability to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis under NASH stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A special design is needed for an unmanned tracked vehicle (UTV) to meet the requirements of off-road environments and complex tasks. A loose surface is the main terrain for tracked vehicles in off-road driving. Slope steering is inevitable while driving in such conditions; hence, its performance is a major concern for tracked vehicles on loose terrain. This study investigates the slope steering performance of a tracked vehicle. An improved dynamic steering model is proposed when considering the shear stress-shear displacement relation of soil at the track-ground interface. The influence of ground characteristics on the slope steering performance of a tracked vehicle is illustrated. The track slip rate is adopted as an index to evaluate the influence of typical vehicle structure parameters on the slope steering performance of a tracked vehicle. This study provides technical support for the design and optimization of UTV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Herbicide safeners mitigate crop damage without reducing herbicide efficacy. Here, the protective effects of phenoxyacetyl oxazolidine derivatives as potential safeners were evaluated with a view toward reducing injury caused by sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron to sensitive maize varieties. RESULTS: Growth indices demonstrated that the bioactivity of compound 9 (N‐phenoxyacety‐2‐methyl‐2,4‐diethyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine) was superior to that of R‐28725 and all other compounds tested. Compound 9 induced endogenous glutathione and upregulated glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) in maize. Thus, it could enhance maize tolerance to nicosulfuron. Compared with the untreated water control group, the maximum reaction rate of GST was increased by 37.62%, while the maximum velocity of GST was decreased by 61.93% after treatment with compound 9. Acetolactate synthase relative activity was significantly enhanced in the case of treatment with compound 9, indicating the excellent protective effects of compound 9 against nicosulfuron in maize. CONCLUSIONS: The present work demonstrates that phenoxyacetyl oxazolidine derivatives are potentially efficacious as herbicide safeners and merit further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) with different fiber contents (0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%), confining pressures (0 MPa, 5 MPa, 10 MPa, 15 MPa) and exposed to different temperatures (20 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C) were investigated by using a 50 mm split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus, and the factors such as fiber content, temperature and confining pressure effect on the dynamic mechanical properties were analyzed. The results show that the dynamic peak stress increases first and then decreases with the increase of fiber content. At different temperatures, the peak stress and its corresponding strain correspond to different fiber content, and the optimal fiber content is between 0.1% and 0.3%. When the temperature was from 20 °C to 400 °C, the dynamic peak stress decreased less, while when the temperature reached 600 °C and 800 °C, the dynamic peak stress decreased greatly. The confining pressure can significantly increase the dynamic peak stress and change the crushing morphology of specimens. The damage variable was built based on the Weibull distribution. A dynamic damage constitutive model combining statistical damage and viscoelastic model was established based on component combination model. The fitting curve of this model fitted well with test curve by identifying fewer undetermined parameters compared with Zhu-Wang-Tang (ZWT) model; therefore, this model can well describe the dynamic properties of BFRC under impact load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses at the frontline of caring for COVID-19 patients might experience mental health challenges and supportive coping strategies are needed to reduce their stress and burnout. The aim of this study was to identify stressors and burnout among frontline nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan and Shanghai and to explore perceived effective morale support strategies. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2020 among 110 nurses from Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, who were deployed at COVID-19 units in Wuhan and Shanghai. A COVID-19 questionnaire was adapted from the previous developed "psychological impacts of SARS" questionnaire and included stressors (31 items), coping strategies (17 items), and effective support measures (16 items). Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: Totally, 107 (97%) nurses responded. Participants mean age was 30.28 years and 90.7% were females. Homesickness was most frequently reported as a stressor (96.3%). Seven of the 17 items related to coping strategies were undertaken by all participants. Burnout was observed in the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales, with 78.5 and 92.5% of participants presenting mild levels of burnout, respectively. However, 52 (48.6%) participants experienced a severe lack of personal accomplishment. Participants with longer working hours in COVID-19 quarantine units presented higher emotional exhaustion (OR = 2.72, 95% CI 0.02–5.42; p = 0.049) and depersonalization (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.10–2.19; p = 0.033). Participants with younger age experienced higher emotional exhaustion (OR = 2.96, 95% CI 0.11–5.82; p = 0.042) and less personal accomplishment (OR = 3.80, 95% CI 0.47–7.13; p = 0.033). Conclusions: Nurses in this study experienced considerable stress and the most frequently reported stressors were related to families. Nurses who were younger and those working longer shift-time tended to present higher burnout levels. Psychological support strategies need to be organized and implemented to improve mental health among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]