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In a common agriculture resource, soil contamination monitoring is a prominent area of study. Nowadays, it is crucial to provide a database for the interpretation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) field data in monitoring soil contamination, such as diesel scatter migration. This study aims to assess the association between permittivity properties and soil water content (θw) for diesel contamination in Terap Red soil, which is classified as lateritic soil. Terap Red soil is an agro potential soil and available in more than 40% of distribution areas in Northern Malaysia (Agro-based State). In this research, 800 MHz shielded antenna GPR was applied for 24 hour measurement in a concrete simulation field tank, which was filled with Terap Red soil (1.5 m x 2.6 m x 1.5 m) located at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perlis, Malaysia. Embedded moisture content probe was simultaneously measured to monitor the response of volumetric water content in the contaminated soil. The GPR data were pre-processed and filtered by Reflexw 7.5. The calibrated Agilent Technologies Automated Vector Analyser (VNA) was used to verify the independent relative permittivity value from GPR. As a result, the evaluation of velocities and reflection of GPR data were influenced by the presence of diesel and contaminated vapour. A positive and significant correlation was obtained between relative permittivity and moisture content in the diesel-contaminated soil. In addition, a positive and strong linear regression analysis was also found between relative permittivity and moisture content. This analysis included an accurate total difference of root mean square error (RMSE) difference, which amounted to 0.04, with calibrated dielectric permittivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a common agriculture resource, soil contamination monitoring is a prominent area of study. Nowadays, it is crucial to provide a database for the interpretation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) field data in monitoring soil contamination, such as diesel scatter migration. This study aims to assess the association between permittivity properties and soil water content (θw) for diesel contamination in Terap Red soil, which is classified as lateritic soil. Terap Red soil is an agro potential soil and available in more than 40% of distribution areas in Northern Malaysia (Agro-based State). In this research, 800 MHz shielded antenna GPR was applied for 24 hour measurement in a concrete simulation field tank, which was filled with Terap Red soil (1.5 m x 2.6 m x 1.5 m) located at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perlis, Malaysia. Embedded moisture content probe was simultaneously measured to monitor the response of volumetric water content in the contaminated soil. The GPR data were pre-processed and filtered by Reflexw 7.5. The calibrated Agilent Technologies Automated Vector Analyser (VNA) was used to verify the independent relative permittivity value from GPR. As a result, the evaluation of velocities and reflection of GPR data were influenced by the presence of diesel and contaminated vapour. A positive and significant correlation was obtained between relative permittivity and moisture content in the diesel-contaminated soil. In addition, a positive and strong linear regression analysis was also found between relative permittivity and moisture content. This analysis included an accurate total difference of root mean square error (RMSE) difference, which amounted to 0.04, with calibrated dielectric permittivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal erosion is regarded as one of the most pressing areas due to the development along the coastal line that led to the host of problems such as sea level rise along the coast, siltation and loss of coastal resource. The occurrence of coastal erosion is increasing, threatens the people living close to coastal area and caused losses along the coastal line. In addition, coastal areas are also prone to environmental hazards such as erosion and sedimentation processes may cause loss of coastal land and damage infrastructures and buildings There are many methods have been developed to map and monitor the coastal area such as total station, remote sensing technology, Global Positioning System (GPS), aerial photogrammetry and Lidar technology. The utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) system also gives an opportunity for data interoperability, data integration and data sharing that are applicable for the responsible agencies to monitor the coastal erosion and land such as state government, local authorities and land developer. UAV has been developed which offer many advantages in several mapping applications such as slope mapping, cultural heritage studies, urban deveploment, coastal and flood studies. In this study, a total of five hundred (500) aerial images of Crystal Bay, Alai Malacca were captured using high resolution compact digital camera known as Canon Power Shot SX230 HS and it has 12.1 megapixel image resolution. From the aerial images, photogrammetric image processing method was employed to produce mapping outputs such a digital surface model (DSM),contour line and orthophoto. In term of accuracy of measurement, a centimeter-level is reached by ground control point (GCP) and check point (CP) using GPS observation. Finally, the UAV has shows great potential to be used for coastal mapping applications that require goodmapping output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]