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Background: Low-molecular-weight chitosan oligosaccharide (LMCOS), a chitosan degradation product, is water-soluble and easily absorbable, rendering it a popular biomaterial to study. However, its effect on bone remodelling remains unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of LMCOS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption in mice. Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n = five per group) were randomly divided into five groups: PBS, LPS, LPS + 0.005% LMCOS, LPS + 0.05% LMCOS, and LPS + 0.5% LMCOS. Then, the corresponding reagents (300 μL) were injected into the skull of the mice. To induce bone resorption, LPS was administered at 10 mg/kg per injection. The mice were injected three times a week with PBS alone or LPS without or with LMCOS and sacrificed 2 weeks later. The skull was removed for micro-computed tomography, haematoxylin-eosin staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The area of bone damage and osteoclast formation were evaluated and recorded. Results: LMCOS treatment during LPS-induced skull resorption led to a notable reduction in the area of bone destruction; we observed a dose-dependent decrease in the area of bone destruction and number of osteoclasts with increasing LMCOS concentration. Conclusions: Our findings showed that LMCOS could inhibit skull bone damage induced by LPS in mice, further research to investigate its therapeutic potential for treating osteolytic diseases is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranulas are mucoceles that develop as a result of mucous extravasation from the sublingual gland and typically present in the floor of mouth. The treatment of ranulas are various, mainly including surgical and nonsurgical methods. The preferred treatment of oral and plunging ranulas is still uncertain. According to the complications associated with surgical therapy, nonsurgical sclerotherapy has been advocated by clinicians for its advantages of less injury, no scar, less suffering, etc. Recently, it was reported that OK-432 was a relatively effective sclerosing agent for both lymphatic malformations and ranulas, although it has a high rate of recurrence after treating ranulas. Pingyangmycin is another reported conventional sclerosing agent for lymphatic malformations. Herein, we hypothesize that intracystic injection of pingyangmycin may be an optimal method for the treatment of ranulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]