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Background: Social connectivity and support can reduce depressive symptoms. Few studies have examined urban-rural differences in the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms in the context of urbanization for Chinese older adults. The overall aim of this study is to examine urban-rural differences in the relationship between family support and social connectivity on depression among Chinese older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2010 Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China (SSAPUR). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale short-form (GDS-15). Family support was measured by structural, instrumental, and emotional support. Social connectivity was measured using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6). Descriptive analysis was conducted using chi-square and independent t-tests to examine urban-rural differences. Adjusted multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine the moderating effect of urban-rural status on the association between types of family support and social connectivity with depressive symptoms. Results: In rural areas, respondents who felt their children exhibited filial piety (β=-1.512, p<0.001) and had more social connectivity with family (β=-0.074, p<0.001) were more likely to report fewer depression symptoms. In urban areas, respondents who received instrumental support from their children (β=-1.276, p<0.01), who thought their children exhibited filial piety (β=-0.836, p<0.01), and who had more social connectivity with friends (β=-0.040, p<0.01) were more likely to report fewer depression symptoms. In the fully adjusted regression model, social connectivity with family was associated with decreased depressive symptoms, although to a lesser degree among urban-dwelling older adults (urban-rural interaction effect, β=0.053, p<0.05). Social connectivity with friends was similarly associated with decreased depressive symptoms, although this effect was greater among urban-dwelling older adults (urban-rural interaction effect, β=-0.053, p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that older adults both in rural and urban areas with family support and social connectivity were associated with fewer depression symptoms. Differences observed in the role of family and friend social connectivity by urban-rural status may provide practical information for developing targeted social support strategies for improving depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, and call for further mixed-methods research to disentangle mechanisms behind these differing associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalonitrile (PN) resin promising material for preparing high-speed and high-frequency electronic packaging because of its unique hightemperature resistance and excellent insulation performance. A fluorinated PN oligomer (4,4'-bis (p-perfluoro-phenol-(bis(p-phenol)perflouoropropane-2,2-diyl)-p-oxydiphthalonitrile) (PFDP)) containing trifluoromethyl and decafluorobiphenyl groups are designed, synthesized, and characterized. The oligomer is blended with 4-(aminophenoxy) phthalonitrile (APPH), and then cured into polymers under the temperature-programmed process. The reactive blend has good processability, and structures of isoindole, triazine ring, and phthalocyanine ring are found in the curing reactions. The fluorinated PN (P-380) shows outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties (5% thermal degradation temperature: 518 °C (N2); 516 (Air), THeat-resistance index: 268 °C, activation energy of thermal decomposition: 334.89 kJ mol-1, glass transition temperature (Tg) > 400 °C). Meanwhile, the fluorinated PN simultaneously exhibited a superior low dielectric constant (Dk, 2.21) and dielectric loss (Df, 0.01) at 10 GHz. Moreover, the water absorption of the resin is as low as 0.74%, which meets the requirement of dielectric materials. These results would strongly suggest such PFDP PN resin as excellent packaging materials in those high-tech applications such as aerospace and communication electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Equity is the core of primary care. The issue of equity in health has become urgent, and China has attached increasing attention to it. With rapid economic development and great changes in medical insurance policy, the pattern of equity in health has changed tremendously. The reform of healthcare in Zhejiang Province is at the forefront in China, and studies on Zhejiang Province are of great significance to the entire country. This paper aimed to measure health equity from the perspectives of health needs and health-seeking behavior and to provide suggestions for the next policy formulations, with respect to timeliness. Methods: The investigator's household survey was conducted in August 2016. A sample of 1000 households, which included 2807 individuals in Zhejiang, China, was obtained with the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were adopted in the analysis. The value of the concentration index was used to measure the equity. Results: This study found that the poor have more urgent health needs and poorer health situations than the rich. Through studies on health-seeking behavior, the utilization of outpatient services was almost equitable, while the utilization of hospitalization showed a pro-rich inequity (i.e., the rich use more services). Individuals with employerbased medical insurance used more outpatient services than those with rural and urban medical insurance. More people in the poorer income groups did not use inpatient services due to financial difficulties. Conclusions: Absolute medical prices and medical insurance may explain the equity in the utilization of outpatient services and the inequity in the utilization of hospitalization. In view of the pro-rich inequity of hospitalization, more financial protection should be provided for the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]