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Objective: To investigate the incidence of and risk factors associated with negative postoperative behavioral changes (NPOBCs) in children undergoing painless gastroscopy. Methods: Inclusion criteria: ASA I–II and outpatients aged 6–12 years undergoing painless gastroscopy. Exclusion criteria: history of surgery or anesthesia, children with developmental or intellectual abnormalities, refusal to participate, preoperative abdominal pain score > 3 points, history of chronic abdominal pain of > 3 months duration, and serious intraoperative complications. On the 1st, 14th, and 30th day after the gastroscopy, the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS) was used to assess NPOBCs in children. Results: A total of 1,670 children were included in this prospective observational cohort study. The incidence rates of NPOBCs were 14.13%, 4.55%, and 2.14% on the 1st, 14th, and 30th day after gastroscopy, respectively. The risk factors for the first day were female sex (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.00–1.79), parental anxiety (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.75–3.12), and severe anxiety in children (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.96–4.07). The risk factors on the 14th day were parental anxiety (OR 3.71, 95% CI 2.19–6.29), a parental educational level above high school (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.00–2.70), and severe anxiety in children (OR 11.87, 95% CI 5.85–24.07). The risk factors on the 30th day were female sex (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.41–6.34), being an only child (OR 4.42, 95% CI 2.18–8.95), a parental educational level above high school (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.27 NPOBCs 5.56), and severe anxiety in children (OR 6.84, 95% CI 2.84–16.49). Conclusion: In children undergoing painless gastroscopy, the incidence rates of NPOBCs on the 1st, 14th, and 30th day were 14.13%, 4.55%, and 2.14%, respectively. The risk factors for NPOBCs were severe anxiety in children, female sex, parental anxiety, and a parental educational level above high school. In particular, severe preoperative anxiety in children was a persistent risk factor for NPOBCs within 30 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-cell sampling with RNA-seq analysis plays an important role in reference laboratory; cytogenomic diagnosis for specimens on glass-slides or rare cells in circulating blood for tumor and genetic diseases;measurement of sensitivity and specificity in tumortissue genomic analysis with mixed-cells; mechanism analysis of differentiation and proliferation of cancer stem cell for academic purpose. Our single- cellRNA-seq technique shows that fragmentswere 250-450 bp after fragmentation, amplification, and adapter addition. There were 11.6 million reads mapped in raw sequencing reads (19.6 million). The numbers of mapped genes, mapped transcripts, and mapped exons were 31,332, 41,210, and 85,786, respectively. All QC results demonstrated that RNA-seq techniques could be used for single-cell genomic performance. Analysis of the mapped genes showed that the number of genes mapped by RNA-seq (6767 genes) was much higher than that of differential display (288 libraries) among similar specimens which we have developed and published. The single-cell RNA-seq can detect gene splicing using different subtype TGF-beta analysis. The results fromusingQ-rtPCR tests demonstrated that sensitivity is 76% and specificity is 55% fromsingle-cell RNA-seq technique with some gene expression missing (2/8 genes). However, it will be feasible to use RNA-seq techniques to contribute to genomic medicine at single-cell level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]