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DDX41 is a DEAD-box helicase and is conserved across species. Mutations in DDX41 have been associated with myeloid neoplasms, including myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Though its pathogenesis is not completely known, DDX41 has been shown to have many cellular roles, including in pre-mRNA splicing, innate immune sensing, ribosome biogenesis, translational regulation, and R-loop metabolism. In this review, we will summarize the latest understandings regarding the various roles of DDX41, as well as highlight challenges associated with drug development to target DDX41. Overall, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of DDX41 could help develop novel therapeutic options for DDX41 mutation-related hematologic malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularity and development of electric vehicles, the demand for power batteries has increased significantly. Power battery recycling requires a complex and efficient logistics network to ensure that used batteries can be safely and costeffectively transported to recycling centers and properly processed. This paper constructs a dual-objective mathematical model that minimizes the number of recycling centers and minimizes the logistics cost from the service center to the recycling center, and designs the power battery disassembly and recycling process and the recycling logistics network, and finally uses a genetic algorithm to solve it. Finally, this article takes STZF Company as an example to verify the effectiveness of this method. The verification results show that the logistics intensity of the optimized power battery recycling logistics network has been reduced by 36.2%. The method proposed in this article can provide certain reference for power battery recycling logistics network planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the traditional Direct Instantaneous Torque Control (DITC) strategy for permanent magnet assisted switched reluctance motors, the hysteresis control mode during the commutation phase and single-phase on-period is not smooth, resulting in excessive synthetic torque ripple. In this paper, we analyzed this problem, combined with the principle of hysteresis segmentation control and pulse width modulation (PWM), and proposed a hysteresis segmented PWM-DITC strategy. By analyzing the torque error changes in each division area of the inductor, the torque error is adjusted by the internal hysteresis loop during the commutation period and single-phase on-period, so that the hysteresis control is smoother, and the torque ripple is reduced. At the same time, the linear model of rotor angle and inductance is established; the PWM voltage modulation calculation formula at both ends of the winding is calculated and derived; the hysteresis output signal at the commutation time and the single-phase on-time is optimized to further suppress the torque ripple. Finally, through simulation and experimental demonstration, the proposed hysteresis loop segmented PWM-DITC strategy can overcome the problem of unsmooth hysteresis control mode and can effectively suppress torque ripple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel asymmetric interior stator topology for torque enhancement and torque ripple reduction in external rotor switched reluctance motor (ERSRM). The new topology and operational principle are first investigated using a simplified linear model. Then, the parametric model of the ERSRM and the comprehensive sensitive analysis that evaluates the inuence of each design variable on optimization objectives are presented. Thirdly, the optimal design is selected from the Pareto front which is generated by NSGA-II (fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm) and validated by finite element analysis. Finally, the optimal prototype motor is manufactured, and experimental results confirm the validity and superiority of the optimized design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DEAD/H-box helicases are implicated in virtually every aspect of RNA metabolism, including transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosomes biogenesis, nuclear export, translation initiation, RNA degradation, and mRNA editing. Most of these helicases are upregulated in various cancers and mutations in some of them are associated with several malignancies. Lately, synthetic lethality (SL) and synthetic dosage lethality (SDL) approaches, where genetic interactions of cancer-related genes are exploited as therapeutic targets, are emerging as a leading area of cancer research. Several DEAD/H-box helicases, including DDX3, DDX9 (Dbp9), DDX10 (Dbp4), DDX11 (ChlR1), and DDX41 (Sacy-1), have been subjected to SL analyses in humans and different model organisms. It remains to be explored whether SDL can be utilized to identity druggable targets in DEAD/H-box helicase overexpressing cancers. In this review, we analyze gene expression data of a subset of DEAD/H-box helicases in multiple cancer types and discuss how their SL/SDL interactions can be used for therapeutic purposes. We also summarize the latest developments in clinical applications, apart from discussing some of the challenges in drug discovery in the context of targeting DEAD/H-box helicases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the performance (low torque ripple, high average torque, and high efficiency) of the external rotor switched reluctance motor (ERSRM), a preference multi-objective optimization framework for design and control of an ERSRM based on CD-NSGA-II (Chi-square distance fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm) with gradient targets is investigated. Firstly, the structure of the ERSRM is introduced, and the comprehensive sensitive analysis that evaluates the influence of each design variable on optimization objectives is presented. Secondly, the initialization of population, cross-mutation method, and sorting method of conventional NSGA-II are improved. Then, the practicability of this method was proved by standard test functions. Finally, the NSGA-II and CD-NSGA2-II are combined with the visual basic script (VBS) script to optimize the ERSRM, respectively. Finite-element analysis results confirmed the validity and superiority of the optimized design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem of excessive torque ripple of switched reluctance motor (SRM), a three-interval PWM duty cycle adaptive control strategy is proposed in this paper. The method changes the PWM duty cycle to adjust the voltage across the windings according to the torque error, divides the interval according to the inductance linear model, and adapts to different PWM duty cycles in different intervals, different speeds, and different torque errors. And the optimal PWM duty cycle group under different rotation speeds is obtained by trial and error, and this duty cycle group is used as the control method to adapt the PWM duty cycle group. Finally, through Matlab/Simulink simulation and motor platform experiments, the three-interval fixed PWM duty cycle control strategy and the three-interval PWM duty cycle adaptive control strategy in this paper are compared. The results show that the three-interval PWM duty cycle adaptive control strategy proposed in this paper has a good torque ripple suppression effect in a wide speed and wide load range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordinated control of the motor-pump system is a reasonable combination of the speed control and the valve control, so that the energy efficiency of the motor-pump system is maximized. The dynamic performance of the conventional coordinated control system is poor. This paper uses fuzzy control to optimize the PID parameters in valve control and improve flux observer in vector control to optimize coordinated control. The simulation results show that the optimized coordinated control has faster response speed and smaller volatility range. The flow also has smaller overshoot and stronger tracking ability for expected operation point. And the stability and reliability of the system are better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human nucleic acid-binding protein 1 and 2 (hNABP1 and hNABP2, also known as hSSB2 and hSSB1 respectively) form two separate and independent complexes with two identical proteins, integrator complex subunit 3 (INTS3) and C9ORF80. We and other groups have demonstrated that hNABP1 and 2 are single-stranded (ss) DNA- and RNAbinding proteins, and function in DNA repair; however, the function of INTS3 and C9OFR80 remains elusive. In the present study, we purified recombinant proteins INTS3 and C9ORF80 to near homogeneity. Both proteins exist as a monomer in solution; however, C9ORF80 exhibits anomalous behavior on SDS-PAGE and gel filtration because of 48% random coil present in the protein. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), INTS3 displays higher affinity toward ssRNA than ssDNA, and C9ORF80 binds ssDNA but not ssRNA. Neither of them binds dsDNA, dsRNA, or RNA : DNA hybrid. INTS3 requires minimum of 30 nucleotides, whereas C9OFR80 requires 20 nucleotides for its binding, which increased with the increasing length of ssDNA. Interestingly, our GST pulldown results suggest that the N-terminus of INTS3 is involved in protein-protein interaction, while EMSA implies that the C-terminus is required for nucleic acid binding. Furthermore, we purified the INTS3-hNABP1/2-C9ORF80 heterotrimeric complex. It exhibits weaker binding compared with the individual hNABP1/2; interestingly, the hNABP1 complex prefers ssDNA, whereas hNABP2 complex prefers ssRNA. Using reconstituted heterotrimeric complex from individual proteins, EMSA demonstrates that INTS3, but not C9ORF80, affects the nucleic acid-binding ability of hNABP1 and hNABP2, indicating that INTS3 might regulate hNABP1/2's biological function, while the role of C9ORF80 remains unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the centrifugal pump widely used in the industry, the characteristics of its high efficiency and energy saving have gained more attention. It has a certain significance to analyze the efficiency of the pump unit in a model of the motor-pump system. In this paper, the efficiency of the centrifugal pump at a variable rotating speed is analyzed by using the vector control strategy. Firstly, the rotor-flux-oriented vector control strategy is used to control the induction motor. Secondly, a centrifugal pump model was built based on structural characteristics in SimHydraulics. Finally, a dynamic simulation of the motor-pump system was completed in MATLAB/Simulink under variable speed conditions. The simulation results show that the high-efficiency rate of the system is in the range from 2000r/min to 2500r/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression involved in a broad range of biological processes. MiRNASNP aims to provide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs and genes that may impact miRNA biogenesis and/or miRNA target binding. Advanced miRNA research provided abundant data about miRNA expression, validated targets and related phenotypic variants. In miRNASNP v2.0, we have updated our previous database with several new data and features, including: (i) expression level and expression correlation of miRNAs and target genes in different tissues, (ii) linking SNPs to the results of genome-wide association studies, (iii) integrating experimentally validated miRNA:mRNA interactions, (iv) adding multiple filters to prioritize functional SNPs. In addition, as a supplement of the database, we have set up three flexible online tools to analyse the influence of novel variants on miRNA:mRNA binding. A new nice web interface was designed for miRNASNP v2.0 allowing users to browse, search and download. We aim to maintain the miRNASNP as a solid resource for function, genetics and disease studies of miRNA-related SNPs. Database URL: http://bioinfo.life.hust.edu.cn/miRNASNP2/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRCA1 promotes DNA repair through interactions with multiple proteins, including CtIP and FANCJ (also known as BRIP1/ BACH1). While CtIP facilitates DNA end resection when de-acetylated, the function of FANCJ in repair processing is less well defined. Here, we report that FANCJ is also acetylated. Preventing FANCJ acetylation at lysine 1249 does not interfere with the ability of cells to survive DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). However, resistance is achieved with reduced reliance on recombination. Mechanistically, FANCJ acetylation facilitates DNA end processing required for repair and checkpoint signaling. This conclusion was based on the finding that FANCJ and its acetylation were required for robust RPA foci formation, RPA phosphorylation, and Rad51 foci formation in response to camptothecin (CPT). Furthermore, both preventing and mimicking FANCJ acetylation at lysine 1249 disrupts FANCJ function in checkpoint maintenance. Thus, we propose that the dynamic regulation of FANCJ acetylation is critical for robust DNA damage response, recombination-based processing, and ultimately checkpoint maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicases are enzymes that use ATP-driven motor force to unwind double-stranded DNA or RNA. Recently, increasing evidence demonstrates that some helicases also possess rewinding activity—in other words, they can anneal two complementary singlestranded nucleic acids. All five members of the human RecQ helicase family, helicase PIF1, mitochondrial helicase TWINKLE, and helicase/nuclease Dna2 have been shown to possess strand-annealing activity. Moreover, two recently identified helicases—HARP and AH2 have only ATP-dependent rewinding activity. These findings not only enhance our understanding of helicase enzymes but also establish the presence of a new type of protein: annealing helicases. This paper discusses what is known about these helicases, focusing on their biochemical activity to zip and unzip double-stranded DNA and/or RNA, their possible regulation mechanisms, and biological functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient receptor potential (TRP) polycystin 2 and 3 (TRPP2 and 3) are homologous members of the TRP superfamily of cation channels but have different physiological functions. TRPP2 is part of a flow sensor, and is defective in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and implicated in left–right asymmetry development. TRPP3 is reported to implicate in sour tasting in bipolar cells of taste buds of the tongue and in the regulation of pH-sensitive action potential in neurons surrounding the central canal of spinal cord. TRPP3 is present in both excitable and non-excitable cells in various tissues, such as retina, brain, heart, testis, and kidney, but its common and cell type-specific functional characteristics remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated physical and functional interactions between TRPP3 and α-actinin, an actin-bundling protein known to regulate several types of ion channels. We employed planer lipid bilayer electrophysiology system to study the function of TRPP3 channel that was affinity-purified from Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. Upon reconstitution in bilayer, TRPP3 exhibited cation channel activities that were substantially augmented by α-actinin. The TRPP3-α-actinin association was documented by co-immunoprecipitation using native cells and tissues, yeast two-hybrid, and in vitro binding assays. Further, TRPP3 was abundantly present in mouse brain where it associates with α-actinin-2. Taken together, α-actinin not only attaches TRPP3 to the cytoskeleton but also up-regulates TRPP3 channel function. It remains to be determined whether the TRPP3-α-actinin interaction is relevant to acid sensing and other functions in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterotrimeric G-proteins transduce signals from activated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in signaling. A role of G-proteins in salinity and heat stress tolerance has not heretofore been described. We report isolation of cDNAs of two isoforms of Gα (Gα1, 1152 bp; Gα2, 1152 bp), one Gβ (1134 bp), two isoforms of Gγ (Gγ1, 345 bp; Gγ2, 303 bp) and a GPCR (1008 bp) from Pisum sativum, and purification of all the encoded recombinant proteins (Gα, 44 kDa; Gβ, 41 kDa; Gγ, 14 kDa; GPCR, 35 kDa). The transcript levels of Gα and Gβ were upregulated following NaCl, heat and H2O2 treatments. Protein–protein interaction studies using an in vitro yeast two-hybrid system and in planta co-immunoprecipitation showed that the Gα subunit interacted with the pea Gβ subunit and pea phospholipase C (PLCδ) at the calcium-binding domain (fn1). The GTPase activity of the Gα subunit increased after interaction with PLCδ. The GPCR protein interacted with all the subunits of G-proteins and with itself. Transgenic tobacco plants (T0 and T1) constitutively over-expressing Gα showed tolerance to salinity and heat, while Gβ-over-expressing plants showed only heat tolerance, as tested by leaf disk senescence assay and germination/growth of T1 seeds/seedlings. These findings provide direct evidence for a novel role of Gα and Gβ subunits in abiotic stress tolerance and possible cross-talk between PLC- and G-protein-mediated signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Describes a set of fully polarimetric radar scattering measurements of forested hills conducted at large bistatic angles and grazing incidence. Information provided by polarimetric radar measurements; Polarimetric characterization of electromagnetic waves and radar scatterers; Discussion of bistatic scattering measurements.

The adjoint system integrals for time free, optimal N-impulse transfer during a firing period in 5-phase selected are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "FANCJ Helicase Defective in Fanconia Anemia and Breast Cancer Unwinds G-Quadruplex DNA To Defend Genomic Stability," by Yuliang Wu and colleagues is presented.