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The relationship between open innovation and company's competitive advantage, and organisational capabilities required remains to be explained. This study was conducted to answer the following questions. Does open innovation create organisation's competitive advantage? What types of capabilities are needed in the process of open innovation reaching competitive advantage, and what kind of relationship do they have? This study extends the scope of theoretical discussion about open innovation from the point of dynamic capability view. The results confirmed the statistical significance of the path linking open innovation to competitive advantage through product innovation. From the viewpoint of capabilities, transforming capability plays a role of significant prerequisite of sensing capability and seizing capability, having a direct or indirect significant effect on product innovation performance and competitive advantage sequentially. The results suggest that the linkages between the needed capabilities of organisation must be considered for performing open innovation to secure competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms continuously search for external knowledge that can contribute to product innovation, which may ultimately increase market performance. The relationship between external knowledge sourcing and market performance is not well-documented. The extant literature primarily examines the causal relationship between external knowledge sources and product innovation performance or to identify factors which moderates the relationship between external knowledge sourcing and product innovation. Non-technological innovations, such as organization and marketing innovations, intervene in the process of external knowledge sourcing to product innovation to market performance but has not been extensively examined. This study addresses two research questions: does external knowledge sourcing lead to market performance and how does external knowledge sourcing interact with a firm’s different innovation activities to enhance market performance. This study proposes a comprehensive model to capture the causal mechanism from external knowledge sourcing to market performance. The research model was tested using survey data from manufacturing firms in South Korea and the results demonstrate a strong statistical relationship in the path of external knowledge sourcing (EKS) to product innovation performance (PIP) to market performance (MP). Organizational innovation is an antecedent to EKS while marketing innovation is a consequence of EKS, which significantly influences PIP and MP. The results imply that any potential EKS effort should also consider organizational innovations which may ultimately enhance market performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed as well as concluding remarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of PAI at detecting thyroid microcalcifications at 700 nm laser wavelengths. Methods: This study included 36 resected samples in 18 patients. To evaluate the PA manifestation of microcalcifications in PAI, gray level histogram and co-occurrence matrix (COM) texture parameters were extracted from the 3 fixed ROI US and PA images, respectively, per sample. We compared the textural parameters obtained from specimen PAIs between samples with punctate microcalcifications on specimen radiography and those without microcalcifications. Results: On specimen US, the mean value (2748.4±862.5) of samples with microcalcifications on specimen radiography was higher than that (1961.9±780.2) of those without microcalcifications (P = 0.007). However, there were no significant differences in textural parameters obtained from specimen PAIs between samples with punctate microcalcifications on specimen radiography and those without when applying both the mean value of the three slices of thyroid specimens and the value of the thyroid specimen slice which had the highest value of the mean values in specimen US. Conclusion: PAI did not show significant PA contrast on thyroid microcalcifications indicating that the experimental setup and protocols should be enhanced, e.g., method of complete blood rejection from ex vivo specimens, the multi-wavelength spectroscopic PA imaging method which can solely extract the PA signal from microcalcifications even with high spectral interferences, or PA imaging with narrower slice thickness using 2-dimensional array transducer, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Based on social conformity and social value perspectives, the authors aim to empirically examine the critical role of social influences on Twitter user behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – An integrative structural model is developed to explain how social influences, which are divided into social conformity and social values, work with other salient factors such as the utilitarian and hedonic values to affect the use of Twitter. The partial least square method was used to verify the proposed model with usable data from 204 adult Korean Twitter users. Findings – Social conformity positively affects the frequent use of Twitter and it is mediated through perceived values such as the hedonic, utilitarian and social appearance values associated with Twitter use. While social appearance negatively affected the trustworthiness of information shared on Twitter, the social capital effect on Twitter use was insignificant. Research limitations/implications – This study has some limitations for general applicability of the results: the samples include only adult users in Korea, and it is a cross-sectional study for a specific social networking service. This study theoretically disentangles the complicated nature of social influences by proposing two distinct constructs (social conformity and social values) and empirically verifying their significant roles in Twitter use. Practical implications – Practitioners should recognise that the hedonic value of Twitter is the key factor that affects both the quantity and quality of information shared on Twitter. In addition user motivations for pursuing social appearance in SNSs might cause a user to distort the information that they produce. Originality/value – This study provides unique implications related to the role of social conformity, social values and user behaviour on Twitter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compressed sensing dynamic MR technique called k-t FOCUSS (k-t FOCal Underdetermined System Solver) has been recently proposed. It outperforms the conventional k-t BLAST/SENSE (Broad-use Linear Acquisition Speed-up Technique/SENSitivity Encoding) technique by exploiting the sparsity of x-f signals. This paper applies this idea to radial trajectories for high-resolution cardiac cine imaging. Radial trajectories are more suitable for high-resolution dynamic MRI than Cartesian trajectories since there is smaller tradeoff between spatial resolution and number of views if streaking artifacts due to limited views can be resolved. As shown for Cartesian trajectories, k-t FOCUSS algorithm efficiently removes artifacts while preserving high temporal resolution. k-t FOCUSS algorithm applied to radial trajectories is expected to enhance dynamic MRI quality. Rather than using an explicit gridding method, which transforms radial k-space sampling data to Cartesian grid prior to applying k-t FOCUSS algorithms, we use implicit gridding during FOCUSS iterations to prevent k-space sampling errors from being propagated. In addition, motion estimation and motion compensation after the first FOCUSS iteration were used to further sparsify the residual image. By applying an additional k-t FOCUSS step to the residual image, improved resolution was achieved. In vivo experimental results show that this new method can provide high spatiotemporal resolution even from a very limited radial data set. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the factors affecting users' adoption of the smartphone as an innovative device. Prior studies on the acceptance of computing devices have primarily focused on the impact of the technological benefits and characteristics. Meanwhile, there is a lack of research approaching user resistance, which hinders the diffusion of an innovation. In particular, the smartphone is a highly communication-oriented device that people's attitude and evaluation critically influence its further diffusion. However, few studies have validated this link in the smartphone adoption context. Therefore, this study has attempted to build a research model that explains factors affecting user's resistance to smartphone adoption by integrating technological and social antecedents forming the resistance, and empirically analyzes the data obtained through a survey. As a result, the relative complexity and relative advantages presented in the theory of innovation diffusion had a direct impact on the user's resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]