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Background: Ascites is common in advanced gastrointestinal cancers with peritoneal metastases (PM) and negatively impacts patient survival. No study to date has specifically evaluated the relationship between ascites, PM and survival outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). Objectives: This study aims to investigate and elucidate the relationship between malignant ascites, PM and survival outcomes in both mCRC and mGC patients. Design: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical trial data of mCRC and mGC patients with PM. Methods: We performed two pooled analyses, firstly of two Italian randomized trials enrolling patients with mCRC eligible for systemic therapy (TRIBE2; VALENTINO), and secondly of gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis (GCPM) patients who underwent bi-directional therapeutic treatment comprising systemic and peritoneal-directed therapies. Results: Of 900 mCRC patients, 39 (4.3%) had PM with malignant ascites. Compared to the group without PM, median progression-free and overall survival were significantly inferior in the ascites group (hazard ratio (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS) 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–2.35, p = 0.007; HR for overall survival (OS) 2.14, 95% CI: 1.57–3.01, p < 0.001), but not in the group of PM without ascites (HR for PFS 1.10, 95% CI: 0.91 – 1.34; HR for OS 1.04, 95% CI: 0.84 – 1.30). Of 170 patients with GCPM, those with ascites had higher median Peritoneal Cancer Index scores (23 vs 9, p < 0.001). Median OS was significantly inferior among those with ascites compared to those without (13.0 vs 21.0 months, HR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16–2.52, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Ascites identifies a subgroup of patients with PM and poor outcomes, for whom tailored research are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating appropriate molecules into ordered porous framework materials plays a pivotal role in modulating their physicochemical properties and dynamic behaviors. Such frameworked materials are also applicable for the preparation of solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) with altered electrochemical performance. In this work, MOF (Metal‐Organic Framework)‐based frameworked electrolytes (FEs) are prepared by the introduction of conductive ion‐molecule complexes and have investigated the electrochemical behaviors. The angstrom‐level pores in the framework enable efficient interactions with the complexes and participation in ion transportation by altering the coordinating environments of Li+ ions. As a result, the activated MOF‐based SSE exhibits an impressive ionic conductivity of 4.0×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature (RT), along with a notably reduced activation energy of 0.12 eV at 350 K. The MOF‐based FE has been applied to Li /FE /LiFePO4 batteries, which exhibit excellent long‐cycling performance with virtually no capacity loss over 1000 cycles at the current density of 2 C at RT. The novel Li+ transport mechanisms where ion‐molecules would actively participate in the interactions between the framework and Li+ ions, not only present a new strategy for enhancing the ion transport kinetics, but also deliver outstanding electrochemical performance promising for next‐generation batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the growing need for sustainable and personalized learning solutions in online education by optimizing cross-course learning paths. With the increasing volume of e-learning resources, students often struggle to select appropriate courses and learning paths that align with their individual abilities and goals. A novel cross-course learning path planning model is proposed, which integrates resources from multiple courses using modified matching functions based on Item Response Theory (IRT) and a knowledge graph. This model effectively matches learner attributes, such as abilities, learning styles, and goals, with material attributes like difficulty, types, and prerequisites. An innovative variable-length continuous representation (VLCR) and an improved differential evolution algorithm are employed to optimize the multi-attribute matching (MAM) model, enhancing learning personalization. Results from numerical experiments indicate that cross-course learning paths significantly enhance learning outcomes for a wide range of learners, with over 45% benefiting from improved matches compared to single-course paths. Additionally, 70% of learners experienced similar or better results with cross-course learning. This approach not only promotes efficient learning but also supports sustainable educational practices, preparing educators and learners to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher serum cholesterol levels have been associated with an increased risk of dry eye disease (DED). The relationship between statin (HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor) use and DED in patients with hyperlipidemia remains unclear. To investigate the association between statin use and the risk of DED in patients with hyperlipidemia, we conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study utilizing data from Taiwan's Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database. Patients were categorized into statin users and nonusers, with a 5‐year follow‐up period. The study identified patients with newly diagnosed hyperlipidemia, excluding those with prior DED diagnoses. Matching and adjustments for covariates resulted in 41,931 individuals in each group. Patients receiving statin therapy were compared with those unexposed. Cumulative exposure doses were also evaluated to assess dose–response relationships. The primary outcome was the incidence of DED diagnosed during the follow‐up period. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated the risk of DED, and conditional logistic regression analyzed the dose–response effect of statin exposure. Among 41,931 matched pairs, statin users exhibited a slightly increased risk of developing DED compared with nonusers (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11; p < 0.01). However, no dose–response relationship was observed between statin exposure and DED risk. Statin use among patients with hyperlipidemia is associated with a marginally higher risk of DED. These findings underscore the importance of regular eye examinations in this patient population to facilitate early detection and management of DED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: A review of the latest research at PubMed and major cancer conferences was conducted to find out the current treatments for advanced stomach and esophagogastric junction cancers. In the West, neoadjuvant and perioperative chemotherapy is preferred for localized tumors. In East Asia, adjuvant chemotherapy is preferred. Studies are looking at how well immunotherapy and other drugs work in the perioperative setting. To choose the best treatment for advanced gastric cancer, including adenocarcinoma of the esophago-gastric junction, it is important to know biomarkers like HER2 expression, PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS), Claudin 18.2, and microsatellite instability (MSI). The standard first-line therapy is a combination of fluoropyrimidine and a platinum derivative. The choice of chemotherapy with antibodies depends on the biomarker. This article reviews recent clinical trial results and looks at the future of systemic therapy. Background: The prognosis of patients diagnosed with locally advanced and metastatic gastric and esophago-gastric junction cancer is critical. The optimal choice of systemic therapy is essential to optimize survival outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature review via PubMed and analysis of major oncology congresses (European Society for Medical Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology websites) were conducted to ascertain the current status and latest developments in the systemic treatment of patients with localized or advanced gastric and esophago-gastric junction adenocarcinoma. Results: While neoadjuvant and perioperative chemotherapy for localized tumor stages is the preferred approach in the Western Hemisphere, adjuvant chemotherapy remains the preferred course of action in East Asia. The administration of chemotherapy, typically in the form of combinations comprising platinum and fluoropyrimidine compounds in combination with docetaxel, represents a standard of care. Investigations are underway into the potential of immunotherapy and other biologically targeted agents in the perioperative setting. To select the most appropriate therapy for advanced gastric cancer, including adenocarcinoma of the esophago-gastric junction, it is essential to determine biomarkers such as HER2 expression, PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) (combined positive score), Claudin 18.2, and microsatellite instability (MSI). In the present clinical context, the standard first-line therapy is a combination of fluoropyrimidine and a platinum derivative. The selection of chemotherapy in combination with antibodies is contingent upon the specific biomarker under consideration. Conclusions: This article reviews the current state of the art based on recent clinical trial results and provides an outlook on the future of systemic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) has a complex pathogenesis with an increasing prevalence and is one of the most intractable clinical challenges in the field of reproductive medicine. Quercetin (QCT) is an effective active ingredient extracted from Semen Cuscutae and Herba Taxilli used in traditional Chinese medicine for tonifyng the kidneys and promoting fetal restoration. Although QCT helps improve adverse pregnancy outcomes, the specific mechanism remains unclear. The trophoblast cell line HTR‐8/SVneo cultured in vitro was treated with different concentrations of QCT, and the cell counting kit‐8 assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and western blotting were used to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of QCT on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HTR‐8/SVneo cells, respectively. To assess the expression levels of miR‐149‐3p and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting analysis were performed. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to investigate the potential regulatory relationship between miR‐149‐3p and AKT1. Our results showed that QCT promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells, promoted the expression of MMP2, MMP9, and vimentin, and downregulated the expression of E‐cadherin. Mechanistically, QCT downregulated the expression of miR‐149‐3p and upregulated the expression of AKT1, and miR‐149‐3p directly targets AKT1, negatively regulating its expression. Overexpression of miR‐149‐3p and silencing of AKT1 counteracted the promotional effects of QCT on trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion. Taken together, QCT regulates the migration and invasion abilities of HTR‐8/SVneo cells through the miR‐149‐3p/AKT1 axis, which may provide a promising therapeutic approach for RSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors and impact of poststroke pneumonia (PSP) on mortality and functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective randomized trial (Direct intraarterial thrombectomy in order to revascularize AIS patients with large-vessel occlusion efficiently in Chinese tertiary hospitals: a multicenter randomized clinical trial). Patients with AIS who completed EVT were evaluated for the occurrence of PSP during the hospitalization period and their modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days after AIS. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the independent predictors of PSP. Propensity score matching was conducted for the PSP and non-PSP groups by using the covariates resulting from the logistic regression analysis. The associations between PSP and outcomes were analyzed. The outcomes included 90-day poor functional outcome (mRS scores > 2), 90-day mortality, and early 2-week mortality. Results: A total of 639 patients were enrolled, of whom 29.58% (189) developed PSP. Logistic regression analysis revealed that history of chronic heart failure (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.011, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.026–3.941; P = 0.042), prethrombectomy reperfusion on initial digital subtraction angiography (OR 0.394, 95% CI 0.161–0.964; P = 0.041), creatinine levels at admission (OR 1.008, 95% CI 1.000–1.016; P = 0.049), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at 24 h (OR 1.023, 95% CI 1.007–1.039; P = 0.004) were independent risk factors for PSP. With propensity scoring matching, poor functional outcome (mRS > 2) was more common in patients with PSP than in patients without PSP (81.03% vs. 71.83%, P = 0.043) at 90 days after EVT. The early 2-week mortality of patients with PSP was lower (5.74% vs. 12.07%, P = 0.038). But there was no statistically significant difference in 90-day mortality between the PSP group and non-PSP group (22.41% vs. 14.94%, P = 0.074). The survivorship curve also shows no statistical significance (P = 0.088) between the two groups. Conclusions: Nearly one third of patients with AIS and EVT developed PSP. Heart failure, higher creatinine levels, prethrombectomy reperfusion, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at 24 h were associated with PSP in these patients. PSP was associated with poor 90-day functional outcomes in patients with AIS treated with EVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the emerging Industry 4.0 paradigm, smart fabric sensors have been representing a novel addition to the textile industry. The proposed sensors utilize macro-bending techniques with varying fiber optic core sizes. The study involved the construction and testing of macro-bending sensors using single-mode (9 µm) and hetero-core (50-9-50 µm) fibers, configured into seven sinusoidal loops. The experiment was further extended to different types of elastic textiles. Spandex demonstrated superior linearity compared with jersey and rubber bands. The integration with the DOIT ESP32 DevKit facilitated real-time monitoring of respiratory rates. The results from the experiment indicated that the macro-bending sensor, fabricated using hetero-core optical fiber, exhibited superior sensitivity in comparison to the sensor assembled from single-mode optical fiber, with respective sensitivity values of 1.72 and 1.30 dB/cm. The designed sensors displayed closely aligned behavior during forward and reverse loading, indicating the reversibility of the fiber optic sensor. Given its simplistic design and low fabrication cost, the proposed sensor holds significant potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a patient who presented with an orbital mass lesion which was a metastatic lesion from a porocarcinoma of the scalp with progressive deterioration of the patient. A 78-year-old male presented with functional decline and a rapidly growing scalp lesion of 3 months duration. In addition to the scalp lesion, Computed Tomography showed an incidental finding of a left lateral orbital wall tumour. Fine-needle aspiration of the two lesions revealed malignant cells with similar morphologies. Punch biopsy of the scalp lesion showed histological features suggestive of a porocarcinoma. Patient underwent palliative radiotherapy and immunotherapy and subsequently succumbed to the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a significant risk factor for lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer (GC) and is closely related to the prognosis and recurrence of GC. This study aimed to establish clinical models, radiomics models and combination models for the diagnosis of GC vascular invasion. Methods: This study enrolled 146 patients with GC proved by pathology and who underwent radical resection of GC. The patients were assigned to the training and validation cohorts. A total of 1,702 radiomic features were extracted from contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of GC. Logistic regression analyses were performed to establish a clinical model, a radiomics model and a combined model. The performance of the predictive models was measured by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: In the training cohort, the age of LVI negative (-) patients and LVI positive (+) patients were 62.41 ± 8.41 and 63.76 ± 10.08 years, respectively, and there were more male (n = 63) than female (n = 19) patients in the LVI (+) group. Diameter and differentiation were the independent risk factors for determining LVI (-) and (+). A combined model was found to be relatively highly discriminative based on the area under the ROC curve for both the training (0.853, 95% CI: 0.784-0.920, sensitivity: 0.650 and specificity: 0.907) and the validation cohorts (0.742, 95% CI: 0.559-0.925, sensitivity: 0.736 and specificity: 0.700). Conclusions: The combined model had the highest diagnostic effectiveness, and the nomogram established by this model had good performance. It can provide a reliable prediction method for individual treatment of LVI in GC before surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron‐nitrogen functionalized graphene has emerged as a promising cathode host for rechargeable lithium‐sulfur batteries (RLSBs) due to its affordability and enhanced battery performance. To optimize its catalytical efficiency, we propose a novel approach involving coordination engineering. Our investigation spans a plethora of catalysts with varied coordination environments, focusing on elements B, C, N and O. We revealed that Fe−C4 and Fe−B2C2−h are particularly effective for promoting Li2S oxidation, whereas Fe‐N4 excels in catalyzing the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR). Importantly, our study identified specific descriptors – namely, the Integrated Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (ICOHP) and the bond length between Fe and S in Li2S adsorbed state – as the most effective predictive descriptors for Li2S oxidation barriers. Meanwhile, Li2S adsorption energy emerges as a reliable descriptor for assessing the SRR barrier. These identified descriptors are expected to be instrumental in rapidly identifying promising cathode hosts across various metal‐centered systems with diverse coordination environments. Our findings not only offer valuable insights into the role of coordination environment, but also present an effective path for rapidly identifying high performance catalysts for RLSBs, enabling the acceleration of advanced RLSBs development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnolia biondii flower buds are a well‐known medicinal plant in China, and it is important to determine the differences in aroma, flavour components, and biological activity of the essential oils of M. biondii flower buds (EOM) from different origins. In this study, the essential oils of M. biondii flower buds from Sichuan (EOM‐SC), Anhui (EOM‐AH) and Henan (EOM‐HN) provinces were extracted by hydrodistillation. The condition of the extraction process was optimized. The differences in the flavour compounds were further confirmed by GC–MS and relative odour activity value (ROAV) analyses. In addition, the antibacterial and antioxidant activity was also evaluated. The results showed that the optimized condition for steam distillation was water: flower powder ratio = 10:1 with extraction time for more than 3.0 h. Interestingly, special floral, fruity and freshness flavours were found for EOM‐SC, and the medicinal herb and sweetness odours of EOM‐HN were more prominent. The numbers and contents of flavour compounds in EOM‐SC and EOM‐HN were higher than those of EOM‐AH. Eucalyptol, β‐pinene, linalool, α‐terpineol and sabinene could be proposed as the key mutual flavour compounds for three essential oils. In addition, the strong floral, fruity and freshness aroma of EOM‐SC could be associated with the high ROAVs of α‐terpineol, linalool and sabinene. Moreover, EOM‐SC exhibited better antibacterial and antioxidant activity than those of the other two essential oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Kiefferulus Goetghebuer, 1922 is an important genus within Chironomidae, known for its roles in aquatic ecosystems. The studies of this genus have mainly focused on morphological aspects, and the molecular data, especially high-throughput sequencing, are seriously inadequate, limiting our understanding of its evolution history. Herein, we sequenced the mitogenomes of six Kiefferulus species and analyzed the characteristics of the mitochondrial genome among these species. Furthermore, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of the genus Kiefferulus based on two different methods: Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis of Kiefferulus exhibited that six newly obtained species were obviously distinguished from others. Our study provides a critical foundation for future research on the evolutionary biology of Chironomidae. Chironomidae is a cosmopolitan and species-rich family of insects, with many species serving as useful indicators of aquatic ecosystem health. In this study, we newly sequenced six species of Kiefferulus Goetghebuer, 1922 (Chironomidae: Chironominae) by high-throughput sequencing technology. We analyzed characters of the mitochondrial genome, including the sequence length, nucleotide composition, and evolutionary rates of this genus. The size of the newly obtained sequences ranged from 15,588 to 15,767 bp, and all of them included 22 tRNAs, 13 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, and 1 CR. The CR showed the highest AT content relative to the PCGs, rRNAs, and tRNAs. Relative synonymous codon usage analysis showed that UUA, UUU, and AUU are the preferred codons. The ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) to synonymous (Ks) substitution rates showed that all Ka/Ks of PCGs were lower than 1, with ATP8 having the highest evolution rate, while COX1 exhibited the lowest evolution rate. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of the genus Kiefferulus based on eight species (six ingroups and two outgroups), using five matrices and employing Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches. Phylogenetic analysis of the Kiefferulus showed that six species within this genus were classified into a monophyletic clade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine how the P53/microRNA‐34a (miR‐34a)/survivin pathway contributes to oxaliplatin‐induced (L‐OHP) cell inhibition in gastric cancer. Methods: The BGC‐823 gastric cancer cells were selected, and we examined their viability following treatment with L‐OHP at different concentrations and time periods. The expression levels of miR‐34a, P53, and survivin in the cells were determined. Results: In the 12‐ and 24‐h groups, drug concentration of 15 μg/cm² (p <.005 in both) significantly lowered cell viability. In comparison to the control group, miR‐34a mRNA expression, P53 mRNA expression, and protein expression were all significantly greater in the 24‐h group (p =.0324, p =.0069, p =.0260, respectively), but survivin mRNA and protein expressions were significantly lower than those in the control group (p =.0338, p =.0032, respectively). There was a significant decrease in gastric cancer cells in the miR‐34a overexpression group (p =.0020), a significant increase in P53 mRNA and protein expression compared to the control group (p =.0080, p =.0121, respectively), and a significant decrease in survivin mRNA and protein expression compared to the control group. (p =.0213, p =.0069, respectively). Conclusion: Oxaliplatin inhibits tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis by upregulating miR‐34a, activating the expression of the upstream P53 gene, and driving the downregulation of survivin (P53/miR‐34a/survivin axis) in BGC‐823 gastric cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is rising as a human pathogen of critical priority worldwide as it is the leading cause of opportunistic infections in healthcare settings and carbapenem-resistant AB is listed as a "super bacterium" or "priority pathogen for drug resistance" by the World Health Organization. Methods: Clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Among them, carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-sensitive A. baumannii were subjected to prokaryotic transcriptome sequencing. The change of sRNA and mRNA expression was analyzed by bioinformatics and validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Results: A total of 687 clinical isolates were collected, of which 336 strains of A. baumannii were resistant to carbapenem. Five hundred and six differentially expressed genes and nineteen differentially expressed sRNA candidates were discovered through transcriptomic profile analysis between carbapenemresistant isolates and carbapenem-sensitive isolates. Possible binding sites were predicted through software for sRNA21 and adeK, sRNA27 and pgaC, sRNA29 and adeB, sRNA36 and katG, indicating a possible targeting relationship. A negative correlation was shown between sRNA21 and adeK (r = -0.581, P = 0.007), sRNA27 and pgaC (r = -0.612, P = 0.004), sRNA29 and adeB (r = -0.516, P = 0.020). Discussion: This study preliminarily screened differentially expressed mRNA and sRNA in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, and explored possible targeting relationships, which will help further reveal the resistance mechanism and provide a theoretical basis for the development of drugs targeting sRNA for the prevention and treatment of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is rising as a human pathogen of critical priority worldwide as it is the leading cause of opportunistic infections in healthcare settings and carbapenem-resistant AB is listed as a "super bacterium" or "priority pathogen for drug resistance" by the World Health Organization. Methods: Clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Among them, carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-sensitive A. baumannii were subjected to prokaryotic transcriptome sequencing. The change of sRNA and mRNA expression was analyzed by bioinformatics and validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Results: A total of 687 clinical isolates were collected, of which 336 strains of A. baumannii were resistant to carbapenem. Five hundred and six differentially expressed genes and nineteen differentially expressed sRNA candidates were discovered through transcriptomic profile analysis between carbapenemresistant isolates and carbapenem-sensitive isolates. Possible binding sites were predicted through software for sRNA21 and adeK, sRNA27 and pgaC, sRNA29 and adeB, sRNA36 and katG, indicating a possible targeting relationship. A negative correlation was shown between sRNA21 and adeK (r = -0.581, P = 0.007), sRNA27 and pgaC (r = -0.612, P = 0.004), sRNA29 and adeB (r = -0.516, P = 0.020). Discussion: This study preliminarily screened differentially expressed mRNA and sRNA in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, and explored possible targeting relationships, which will help further reveal the resistance mechanism and provide a theoretical basis for the development of drugs targeting sRNA for the prevention and treatment of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dysfunction of exocrine glands. Primarily affected are the salivary glands, which exhibit the most frequent pathological changes. The pathogenesis involves susceptibility genes, non-genetic factors such as infections, immune cells-including T and B cells, macrophage, dendritic cells, and salivary gland epithelial cells. Inflammatory mediators such as autoantibodies, cytokines, and chemokines also play a critical role. Key signaling pathways activated include IFN, TLR, BAFF/BAFF-R, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, among others. Comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Thus, this study explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SS-related salivary gland damage, aiming to propose novel targeted therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the molecular mechanism of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1605 (LINC01605) in the process of tumor growth and liver metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: LINC01605 was filtered out with specificity through TCGA datasets (related to DFS) and our RNA-sequencing data of PDAC tissue samples from Renji Hospital. The expression level and clinical relevance of LINC01605 were then verified in clinical cohorts and samples by immunohistochemical staining assay and survival analysis. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments were performed to estimate the regulatory effects of LINC01605 in vitro. RNA-seq of LINC01605-knockdown PDAC cells and subsequent inhibitor-based cellular function, western blotting, immunofluorescence and rescue experiments were conducted to explore the mechanisms by which LINC01605 regulates the behaviors of PDAC tumor cells. Subcutaneous xenograft models and intrasplenic liver metastasis models were employed to study its role in PDAC tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo. Results: LINC01605 expression is upregulated in both PDAC primary tumor and liver metastasis tissues and correlates with poor clinical prognosis. Loss and gain of function experiments in cells demonstrated that LINC01605 promotes the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells in vitro. In subsequent verification experiments, we found that LINC01605 contributes to PDAC progression through cholesterol metabolism regulation in a LIN28B-interacting manner by activating the mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, the animal models showed that LINC01605 facilitates the proliferation and metastatic invasion of PDAC cells in vivo. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the upregulated lncRNA LINC01605 promotes PDAC tumor cell proliferation and migration by regulating cholesterol metabolism via activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in a LIN28B-interacting manner. These findings provide new insight into the role of LINC01605 in PDAC tumor growth and liver metastasis as well as its value for clinical approaches as a metabolic therapeutic target in PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional catalytic techniques often encounter obstacles in the search for sustainable solutions for converting CO2 into value-added products because of their high energy consumption and expensive catalysts. Here, we introduce a contact-electro-catalysis approach for CO2 reduction reaction, achieving a CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.24%. The contact-electro-catalysis is driven by a triboelectric nanogenerator consisting of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride loaded with single Cu atoms-anchored polymeric carbon nitride (Cu-PCN) catalysts and quaternized cellulose nanofibers (CNF). Mechanistic investigation reveals that the single Cu atoms on Cu-PCN can effectively enrich electrons during contact electrification, facilitating electron transfer upon their contact with CO2 adsorbed on quaternized CNF. Furthermore, the strong adsorption of CO2 on quaternized CNF allows efficient CO2 capture at low concentrations, thus enabling the CO2 reduction reaction in the ambient air. Compared to the state-of-the-art air-based CO2 reduction technologies, contact-electro-catalysis achieves a superior CO yield of 33 μmol g−1 h−1. This technique provides a solution for reducing airborne CO2 emissions while advancing chemical sustainability strategy. Traditional catalytic techniques often encounter obstacles in the search for sustainable solutions for converting CO2 into value-added products because of their high energy consumption and expensive catalysts. Here, we introduce a contact-electro-catalysis approach for CO2 reduction reaction, achieving CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.24%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shotcrete has been widely used in the excavation of caverns and tunnels as a key load-bearing element in the support system. However, the interfacial stresses and bond strengths within the composite structures formed by the interaction of geologic bodies and tectonic formations are not well understood, which can lead to safety accidents and excessive wastage of support materials in engineering. To address this gap, rock-concrete composite specimens were created using six distinct types of surrounding rocks. The strength law of composite specimens was analyzed, and the uniaxial compressive strength prediction model of composite specimens was derived based on Mohr-Coulomb strength yield criterion. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of the composite specimen changes with the change of rock type, which is between the strength of rock and concrete. The uniaxial peak strength and elastic modulus of composite specimens are linearly positively correlated with the ratio (Y) of concrete-rock elastic modulus, which is easily affected by concrete properties. However, the peak strain is linearly and negatively correlated with Y, which is greatly influenced by rock. The rock-concrete interface of the composite specimen plays an important role in the failure of the specimen, which changes the stress transfer state of the composite specimen, produces uncoordinated deformation, and finally causes the failure of the specimen. The theoretical and test value error of the derived composite specimen uniaxial compressive strength prediction model are -1.19%~12.20%, and the theoretical calculation model can be used to predict the uniaxial compressive strength of rock-concrete composite specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Rapid on-site testing is an effective method for the detection of Escherichia coli O157: H7(E. coli O157: H7) in food ingredients and the environment. (2) Methods: In this study, we developed colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and immunochromatographic test strips (ICTs) for the rapid and visual detection of E. coli O157: H7. This study designed new specific LAMP primers for E. coli O157: H7 virulence island genes. After the LAMP amplification, the double-stranded DNA target sequence labeled with digoxin and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) at both ends was bound to the anti-digoxin antibody on the gold nanoparticles. Subsequently, it was further bound to the anti-FITC antibody at the T line of the ICTs, forming a positive test result. Hydroxynaphthyl blue dye was directly added to the LAMP amplification product. A blue color indicated positive results, while a purple color indicated negative results. (3) Results: Two visualization methods showed high specificity for the target strains. The visualization tests had sensitivities of 5.7 CFU mL−1, and the detection limit of the Escherichia coli O157: H7 in artificially contaminated milk samples was 5.7 × 102 CFU mL−1, which was consistent with the results of the standard method (LAMP-electrophoresis method) used in commercial inspection. (4) Conclusions: Both methods could be useful in remote and under-resourced areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the preparation and application of bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are hot research topics in the field of polyurethane. In the present work, a series of polylactic acid (PLA)-based TPUs were synthesized using bio-based PLA and 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The effects of three chain extenders, including 1,3-propanediol (PDO, PD), 1,4-butanediol (BDO, BD), and 1,6-hexanediol (HDO, HD), on the characteristics and properties of PLA-based TPUs were investigated. The successful synthesis of PLA-based TPUs was confirmed by the absence of isocyanate groups and the presence of characteristic peaks corresponding to urethane and other functional groups. The analyses revealed the potential for greater crystallization in the PLA-BD and PLA-HD series. Among the examined groups, the PLA-HD variant with a 55% hard segment content displayed the highest molecular weight and fracture stress, and an appropriate elongation value, indicating its suitability for specific applications. The study also investigated the stress relaxation rates and residual forces and found them to be within clinically acceptable ranges. These findings demonstrate the potential of these synthesized TPUs for orthodontic applications, with the ability to tailor mechanical properties by adjusting hard segment contents and modifying chain extenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating environmental changes are imposing multiple pressures on biodiversity conservation, thereby, more attention has been paid to fish diversity and community assembly patterns. Fish diversity in Liaohe River has deteriorated significantly due to overfishing, environmental pollution and other reasons, in addition, no fish survey related research has been published in Liaohe National Park in recent years. In order to study the diversity of fish species in the area and to investigate the presence of any invasive species. This study used eDNA metabarcoding to explore the distribution and diversity of fish communities in the Liaohe National Park. The study showed that a total of 54 species of fish from six orders, 14 families, and 39 genera were detected, meantime, the invasive species Lepomis cyanellus was found at two sampling sites. The α-diversity results showed that estuarine sites had the highest species diversity. The spatial structure of fish communities in the upstream and downstream reaches were similar as indicated by non-metric multidimensional scaling. In our study, the fish community is influenced by both deterministic and stochastic processes, with the stochastic processes being the main factor. The potential existence of L. cyanellus in Liaohe National Park might be resulted from aquaculture, ornamental pet trade, other economic fish farming, artificial release. The relatively low number of fish species in this study may be attributed to the limited number of sampling events and sampling sites. In addition to these factors, over exploitation of resources, water pollution, and the invasion of alien species have directly impacted the biodiversity of aquatic life. The results of this study lay a foundation for the future biodiversity investigation in National Parks of China, meantime, the use of eDNA monitoring is crucial to prevent, to control and limit the spreading of invasive species in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional Materials (2DMs) offer significant promise for advancing device miniaturization and extending Moore's law. Despite the challenges posed by high contact resistance in transistors, recent discoveries highlight semimetals as an effective approach for achieving ohmic contact with near‐quantum‐limit contact resistance. The energy band hybridization between semimetal and MoS2 is found to create degenerate states and heavily doped contact, which is proposed as the underlying mechanism responsible for reducing contact resistance. However, a quantitative and comprehensive characterization of the semimetal‐MoS2 interface is lacking, leaving the physical interactions elusive. This study reveals that semimetals induce n‐type doping and tensile strain in monolayer MoS2 grown using CVD, which serve as the contact resistance and mobility boosters. Among the semimetals investigated, including Bismuth (Bi), Antimony (Sb), and their alloy, Bi results in the highest electron doping of 2 × 1013 cm−2 and a 0.5% tensile strain, leading to reduced contact resistance and enhanced mobility. First‐principles calculations and spectroscopy measurements unveil the impact of electron doping and strain in MoS2, and the thermal effects are subsequently explored. This research underscores the potential of semimetals in boosting device performance and lays the foundation for reducing contact resistance in transistors made from 2D materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrated solid-solution alloys (CSAs) are a new type of alloy material with high strength, extreme hardness, remarkable corrosion resistance, and excellent radiation resistance. The mechanical properties of CSAs are strongly determined by the types and concentration of component elements, which provide a large space for design. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were implemented to investigate the mechanical properties of CoNi-based CSAs. Our study showed that there is a significant effect of constituent types on the yield stress and Young's modulus of CoNi-based CSAs. The yield stress and Young's modulus of CoNiFeAlCu CSAs with equal atomic ratios were found to be 3.02 and 70.94 GPa, respectively. With the increase in the Fe concentration, the yield stress and Young's modulus of the CSAs decrease gradually; on the contrary, these properties increase gradually with an increase in the Al concentration. The CoNiFeCuAl6 CSA was found to exhibit high strength and good plastic deformation ability, which originates from the significant increase in the dislocation density. Hence, the large design space of CSAs presents a great opportunity to select CSAs with excellent mechanical properties for structural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural tube defects (NTDs) represent a prevalent and severe category of congenital anomalies in humans. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental teratogen known to cause fetal NTDs. However, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of lipophagy in the treatment of NTDs, providing valuable insights for future strategies targeting lipophagy activation as a means to mitigate NTDs.We successfully modeled NTDs by Cd exposure during pregnancy. RNA sequencing was employed to investigate the transcriptomic alterations and functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes in NTD placental tissues. Subsequently, pharmacological/genetic (Atg5-/- placentas) experiments confirmed that inducing placental lipophagy can alleviate Cd induced-NTDs. We found that Cd exposure caused NTDs. Further analyzed transcriptomic data from the placentas with NTDs which revealed significant downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor associated protein 1(Lrp1) gene expression responsible for positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) transport. Correspondingly, there was an increase in maternal serum/placenta/amniotic fluid LDL-C content. Subsequently, we have discovered that Cd exposure activated placental lipophagy. Pharmacological/genetic (Atg5-/- placentas) experiments confirmed that inducing placental lipophagy can alleviate Cd induced-NTDs. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that activation of placental lipophagy effectively counteracts the Cd-induced elevation in LDL-C levels. Lipophagy serves to mitigate Cd-induced NTDs by reducing LDL-C levels within mouse placentas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finger millet, a cereal grain widely consumed in India and Africa, has gained more attention in recent years due to its high dietary fibre (arabinoxylan) and trace mineral content, and its climate resilience. The aim of this study was to understand the interactions between potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) ions and the arabinoxylan structure and determine its ion-binding capacity. Three variations of a proposed model of the arabinoxylan structure were constructed and first principles Density Functional Theory calculations were carried out to determine the cation-binding capacity of the arabinoxylan complexes. Zn2+-arabinoxylan complexes were highly unstable and thermodynamically unfavourable in all three models. Ca2+ and K+ ions, however, form thermodynamically stable complexes, particularly involving two glucuronic acid residues as a binding pocket. Glucuronic acid residues are found to play a key role in stabilising the cation-arabinoxylan complex, and steric effects are more important to the stability than charge density. Our results highlight the most important structural features of the millet fibre regarding ion-storage capacity, and provide valuable preliminary data for confirmatory experimental studies and for the planning of clinical trials where the bioavailability of bound ions following digestion may be tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using citric acid (C6H8O7·H2O), thulium oxide (Tm2O3), nitric acid (HNO3), tetrabutyl titanate (C16H36O4Ti) as main raw materials, the Tm2Ti2O7 samples were successfully prepared by sol-gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by the thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Using 50 mg/L azo dye methyl orange solution as the simulated sewage, the photocatalytic activity of Tm2Ti2O7 samples was investigated at different calcination temperatures and illumination times. The experimental results show that pure Tm2Ti2O7 samples can be prepared at a calcination temperature of 750–1000 °C. According to SEM analysis, Tm2Ti2O7 samples is irregular, with an average particle size of approximately 10 μm. The degradation rate of methyl orange of each sample calcined at 750–1000 °C temperature range can reach more than 50% when exposed to ultraviolet light for 30 min, and the sample calcined at 900 °C has the best photocatalytic effect. When it degrades 50 mg/L methyl orange for 90 min, the degradation rate can almost reach 100%, and the degradation kinetic constant is 0.0488 min−1, which conforms to the first-order kinetics. The above conclusions indicate that Tm2Ti2O7 is a novel photocatalyst with broad application prospects in the field of ultraviolet photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using citric acid (C6H8O7·H2O), ethylene glycol (C2H6O2), Yttrium(III) nitrate (Y(NO3)3·6H2O) and Copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O) as main raw materials, the Cu2Y2O5 samples were successfully prepared by sol-gel method.The samples were characterized by thermogravimetry differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Using azo dye methyl orange solution as raw material to simulate wastewater, the photocatalytic activity of Cu2Y2O5 samples was investigated under different synthesis temperatures and light conditions. The experimental results show that pure Cu2Y2O5 samples can be prepared at a calcination temperature of 750 °C to 1000 °C, with Cu2Y2O5 samples prepared at 800 °C having the best photocatalytic activity, with an average grain size of 0.5-1 μm. Under the UV light condition, when the light time is 45 min, the initial concentration of methyl orange is 100 mg/L, the degradation rate of Cu2Y2O5 sample prepared at 800 °C to methyl orange reaches about 100%. Cu2Y2O5 is a catalyst with excellent photocatalytic performance and broad application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3), ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3), nitric acid (HNO3) and citric acid (C6H8O7·H2O) as main raw materials, DyVO4 was successfully prepared by sol-gel method. DyVO4 samples were characterized by thermogravimetry differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Under condition of ultraviolet light, taking 10 mg/L methyl orange solution as simulated sewage, the effects of synthesis temperature and illumination time on the photocatalytic activity of DyVO4 were studied. The results show that pure tetragonal zircon DyVO4 samples can be obtained under calcination conditions of 600 °C to 900 °C. The average grain size is about 2 μm and the breadth of band gap is about 3.52 eV. The sample prepared at 800 °C has the best photocatalytic activity. Under ultraviolet light illumination for 150 min, the degradation rate of 10 mg/L methyl orange can reach nearly 100% in presence DyVO4. DyVO4 prepared by sol-gel method is a photocatalyst which has broad application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dairy industry occupies an important position in the development of China's animal husbandry. It is a prominently developed industry in the animal husbandry industry and an important symbol of the country's agricultural development. The development of the dairy industry is of extremely important significance for promoting the transformation and upgrading of China's animal husbandry industry, increasing farmers' income, and enhancing the health quality of the entire nation. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the genetic effect of selective functional groups on milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows to find the genes that caused mutations, and to study the identification strategies of the major genes that determined milk production traits. DNA was extracted from the frozen sperm genomes of 1,109 Holstein cows, and coagulated DNA from their blood was extracted. The mixed gene pool was sequenced, and different mutation sites were screened to classify genes. The collected data were statistically processed to analyze the correlation between genes. Haploid association analysis showed that all 35 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) and 3 indels were strongly associated with at least one trait, and 1, 1, 3, and 1 haplotype blocks were found in DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2, and NR4A1 genes after continuous disequilibrium analysis. Correlation analysis showed that some haplotypes were correlated with lactation traits in dairy cows. The analysis of JASPAR software showed that 11 SNP sites and 3 binding sites had different degrees of changes, suggesting that this site would affect the transcriptional activity of transcription factor. The genetic effects of four candidate functional genes were further verified, and the four genes were identified as significantly associated with milk yield and milk composition traits in Chinese Holstein cow for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aberrant brain functional connectivity network is thought to be related to cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to investigate the triple-network effective connectivity patterns in patients with T2DM within and between the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN) and their associations with cognitive declines. Methods: In total, 92 patients with T2DM and 98 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) was used for effective connectivity analysis within the triple network. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and anterior insula (AINS) were selected as the regions of interest. Group comparisons were performed for effective connectivity calculated using the fully connected model, and the relationships between effective connectivity alterations and cognitive impairment as well as clinical parameters were detected. Results: Compared to HCs, patients with T2DM exhibited increased or decreased effective connectivity patterns within the triple network. Furthermore, diabetes duration was significantly negatively correlated with increased effective connectivity from the r-LPFC to the mPFC, while body mass index (BMI) was significantly positively correlated with increased effective connectivity from the l-LPFC to the l-AINS (r = − 0.353, p = 0.001; r = 0.377, p = 0.004). Conclusion: These results indicate abnormal effective connectivity patterns within the triple network model in patients with T2DM and provide new insight into the neurological mechanisms of T2DM and related cognitive dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mastitis causes significant losses in the global dairy industry, and the health of animals has been linked to their intestinal microbiota. To better understand the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiota and mastitis in dairy cows, we collected blood, rumen fluid, and fecal samples from 23 dairy cows, including 13 cows with mastitis and 10 healthy cows. Using ELISA kit and high-throughput sequencing, we found that cows with mastitis had higher concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, and LPS than healthy cows (p < 0.05), but no significant differences in microbiota abundance or diversity (p > 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis (PCOA) revealed significant differences in rumen microbial structure between the two groups (p < 0.05), with Moryella as the signature for rumen in cows with mastitis. In contrast, fecal microbial structure showed no significant differences (p > 0.05), with Aeriscardovia, Lactococcus, and Bacillus as the signature for feces in healthy cows. Furthermore, the results showed distinct microbial interaction patterns in the rumen and feces of cows with mastitis compared to healthy cows. Additionally, we observed correlations between the microbiota in both the rumen and feces of cows and blood inflammatory indicators. Our study sheds new light on the prevention of mastitis in dairy cows by highlighting the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiota and mastitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to investigate the correlation of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and interleukin (IL)-37/IL-17 ratio with the incidence/treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Firstly, fifty-eight patients with RA treated at the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as the RA group; forty-nine healthy volunteers were enrolled in the control group. RA patients were treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Next, the NLR, PLR, IL-37, IL-17 and 28-joint disease activity score using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) were deleted in two groups. Subsequently, Spearman correlation analysis was adopted for the correlations of various indicators before and after treatment in two groups. According to the analysis results, the levels of NLR, PLR, IL-37, and IL-17 before treatment in the RA group were higher than those in the control group (P <.05), but the difference in the IL-37/IL-17 level between the two groups was not significant (P >.05). After treatment, NLR, PLR, and IL-37/IL-17 levels were significantly reduced in RA patients (P <.05). NLR and PLR were significantly positively correlated with DAS28-ESR, ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP), of which represented the disease activity of RA. NLP was strongly correlated with IL-37/IL-17. Collectively, NLR, PLR, IL-37, and IL-17 are closely related to the occurrence of RA. In addition, NLR and IL-37/IL-17 are more suitable than PLR in reflecting the therapeutic effect. Therefore, IL-37/IL-17 can be considered as a new indicator for reflecting the treatment effectiveness of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Asian men with all stages of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: READT (real-life evaluation of the effect of ADT in prostate cancer patients in Asia) was a multicenter, prospective observational study involving six sites across four Asian populations. We enrolled eligible prostate cancer patients, who opted for ADT alone or in combination without prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant ADT within 12 months. The EuroQoL-5 dimensions, 5 level scale (EQ-5D-5L) utility index scores and visual analog scale (VAS) were evaluated at baseline, month 6 and month 12. Results: A total of 504 patients were recruited into READT between September 2016 and May 2020 with 52.9% diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer. The EQ-5D-5L was evaluable in 442/504 (87.7%) of patients. Overall baseline EQ-5D-5L utility index score was 0.924 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.876–1.000). We observed a statistically significant difference in baseline EQ-5D-5L utility index score among different populations with a median EQ-5D-5L utility index score of 1 for Taiwan & Hong Kong, 0.897 for China and 0.838 for Malaysia. Similar trend was observed throughout multiple treatment timepoints. Stage IV prostate cancer were significantly associated with a lower baseline EQ-5D-5L utility index score compared to stage I–III prostate cancer, producing a median disutility value of -0.080. Participants had a high median VAS (80, IQR 70–90), indicating good overall health on average during ADT initiation. Conclusions: The study highlights the differences in health state utility index scores among various Asian prostate cancer patients receiving ADT at real-world setting. Our findings will be informative and useful in cost-effectiveness evaluation and policy decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The martensitic transformation temperature is the basis for the application of shape memory alloys (SMAs), and the ability to quickly and accurately predict the transformation temperature of SMAs has very important practical significance. In this work, machine learning (ML) methods were utilized to accelerate the search for shape memory alloys with targeted properties (phase transition temperature). A group of component data was selected to design shape memory alloys using reverse design method from numerous unexplored data. Component modeling and feature modeling were used to predict the phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloys. The experimental results of the shape memory alloys were obtained to verify the effectiveness of the support vector regression (SVR) model. The results show that the machine learning model can obtain target materials more efficiently and pertinently, and realize the accurate and rapid design of shape memory alloys with specific target phase transition temperature. On this basis, the relationship between phase transition temperature and material descriptors is analyzed, and it is proved that the key factors affecting the phase transition temperature of shape memory alloys are based on the strength of the bond energy between atoms. This work provides new ideas for the controllable design and performance optimization of Cu-based shape memory alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explore the evolution of long-duration transpolar arcs observed during an exceptionally quiet period by the Fengyun-3D and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites on 17 January 2019. Leveraging the extensive field of view of WAI, we captured the complete structure and evolution of the TPA over a very quiet period exceeding 7 h, with AE<30 nT. The TPA initially manifested at the poleward boundary of the auroral oval in the dawn sector, gradually migrating towards the dusk as the y-component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF BY) transitioned from negative to positive. Throughout this phase, the TPA underwent a distortion, transforming from a straight line to an "l-shape". Following a reversal in interplanetary magnetic field BY to negative, the TPA retraced its path towards dawn and ultimately dissipated when the IMF turned southward. Of particular interest is the observation that when the TPA approached the noon-midnight line, small-scale spiral structures became apparent within the TPA. This suggests the presence of intricate small-scale magnetic field topologies or plasma instabilities/shears in the source region. These observations highlight the likelihood of complex field and particle dynamics in the high-latitude reconnection region and the twisted tail plasma sheet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the era of concurrent combination therapy in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer, the impact of the testosterone level before initiating androgen deprivation therapy on treatment outcome is still uncertain. We aimed to investigate its effect on time-to-castration-resistance in a metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer cohort. Methods: This is a multi-center retrospective study of 5 databases from China, Japan, Austria and Spain including 258 metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer patients with androgen deprivation therapy initiated between 2002 and 2021. Baseline testosterone was divided into high and low groups using 12 nmol/L as cutoff level. Primary outcome was time-to-castration-resistance. Secondary outcomes were survival functions. Kaplan-Meier method was employed to evaluate the correlation between baseline testosterone and time-tocastration-resistance. Subgroup analysis was performed to elucidate the effect of upfront combination-therapy and metastatic volume. Results: Median age was 72 years. Median follow-up time was 31 months. Median pre-treatment prostate-specific-antigen level was 161 ng/mL. Majority of case were graded as International-Society-of-Urological-Pathology grade 5 (63.6%). 57.8% patients had high volume disease and 69.0% received upfront combination treatment. 44.6% of the cohort developed castration-resistance. The low testosterone group demonstrated shorter mean-time-to-castration-resistance (19.0 vs 22.4 months, p=0.031). The variance was more significant in patients without combination therapy (13.2 vs 26.3 months, p=0.015). Cancer-specific and overall survival were inferior in the low baseline testosterone level group without receiving combination therapy (p=0.001). Conclusions: Lower pre-treatment testosterone level is correlated to shorter time-to-castration resistance and worse survival in metastatic prostate cancer patients without upfront combination therapy. Those with low baseline testosterone should be encouraged to adopt combination therapy to delay progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of toxic organic pollutants in aquatic environments poses significant threats to human health and global ecosystems. Photocatalysis that enables in situ production and activation of H2O2 presents a promising approach for pollutant removal; however, the processes of H2O2 production and activation potentially compete for active sites and charge carriers on the photocatalyst surface, leading to limited catalytic performance. Herein, a hierarchical 2D/2D heterojunction nanosphere composed of ultrathin BiOBr and BiOI nanosheets (BiOBr/BiOI) is developed by a one‐pot microwave‐assisted synthesis to achieve in situ H2O2 production and activation for efficient photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Various experimental and characterization results reveal that the BiOBr/BiOI heterojunction facilitates efficient electron transfer from BiOBr to BiOI, enabling the one‐step two‐electron O2 reduction for H2O2 production. Moreover, the ultrathin BiOI provides abundant active sites for H2O2 adsorption, promoting in situ H2O2 activation for •O2− generation. As a result, the BiOBr/BiOI hybrid exhibits excellent activity for pollutant degradation with an apparent rate constant of 0.141 min−1, which is 3.8 and 47.3 times that of pristine BiOBr and BiOI, respectively. This work expands the range of the materials suitable for in situ H2O2 production and activation, paving the way toward sustainable environmental remediation using solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entropy is a universal concept across the physics of mixtures. While the role of entropy in other multicomponent materials has been appreciated, its effects in polymers and plastics have not. In this work, it is demonstrated that the seemingly small mixing entropy contributes to the miscibility and performance of polymer alloys. Experimental and modeling studies on over 30 polymer pairs reveal a strong correlation between entropy, morphology, and mechanical properties, while elucidating the mechanism behind: in polymer blends with weak interactions, entropy leads to homogeneously dispersed nanosized domains stabilized by highly entangled chains. This unique microstructure promotes uniform plastic deformation at the interface, thus improving the toughness of conventional brittle polymers by 1–2 orders of magnitude without sacrificing other properties, analogous to high‐entropy metallic alloys. The proposed strategy also applies to ternary polymer systems and copolymers, offering a new pathway toward the development of sustainable polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) exhibit great potential for next‐generation energy storage devices. However, significant challenges exist, including the uncontrollable formation of Zn dendrite and side reactions during zinc stripping and plating. The mechanism of Zn dendrite nucleation has yet to be fully understood. In this work, the first principles simulations are used to investigate the Zn dendrite formation process. The unintentionally adsorbed O2− and OH− ions are the inducing factors for Zn dendrite nucleation and growth on the Zn (0001) plane due to significantly increased Zn diffusion barriers. A top‐down method is demonstrated to suppress the dendrite using delaminated V2CTx to capture O2− and OH− ions thanks to reduced Zn diffusion barriers. The experimental results revealed significantly suppressed Zn dendrite nucleation and growth, resulting in a layer‐by‐layer deposit/stripping of Zn. Based on the electrochemical evaluations, the V2CTx‐coated Zn composite delivers a high coulombic efficiency of 99.3% at 1.0 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, the full cell achieves excellent cyclic performance of 93.6% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This strategy has broad scalability and can be widely applied in designing metallic anodes for rechargeable batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]