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The objective of our research was to examine the antioxidant and membrane-protective characteristics of a few medicinal plant extracts belonging to the Asteracea family, along with their flavonoid and polyphenolic content, in order to identify strategies for enhancing beverage composition and boosting the antioxidant capacity of green and black tea. The activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts from the dried parts of plants, such as Arictum tomentosum Mill., Ghnapilum kasachstanicum Kirp. & Kuprian. ex Kirp., Artemisia schrenkiana Ledeb., A. rutifolia Steph. ex Spreng., A. cina O.Berg, and A. vulgaris L., were examined using a model of Wistar rats. Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), a marker of malondialdehyde concentration, were used to measure the amount of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver microsomes. Considering the outcomes, the extracts from A. tomentosum, G. kasachstanicum, and A. vulgaris exhibit the strongest membrane-stabilizing action among those examined. At a concentration of 5 g/mL, the extracts of these plants demonstrated a significant anti-hemolitic impact, whereas the remaining extracts displayed a similar effect at doses above 10 g/mL. Accordingly, among the extracts studied, the A. tomentosum, G. kasachstanicum, A. schrenkiana, A. rutifolia, A. cina, and A. vulgaris extracts have significant antioxidant properties. The integrated antioxidant and antihemolytic qualities of A. tomentosum and green tea extracts were comparable to those of the individual plant extracts. When the extracts of A. schrenkiana and green tea were combined, similar outcomes were seen, suggesting that there was no appreciable synergistic interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress and inflammation processes are involved in most diseases and illnesses. Many herbal remedies have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and have been used since ancient times as traditional medicine. Species of the genus Prosopis are one of these herbal remedies that grow in arid, semiarid, subtropical, and tropical areas of the world. Paste, gum, and smoke from pods and leaves of Prosopis plants are traditionally used to treat diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. This review aims to provide up-to-date information on Prosopis plants as oxidative stress and inflammation modulators. Relevant information was collected from researching scientific databases such as PubMed/Medline, Wiley, Web of Science and Springer. Folk medicinal applications and biologically active molecules of Prosopis spp., and its derivatives, have been collected paying attention to studies that used verified markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and inflammation. Future studies are needed to deepen more pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and structure-activity relationships of phytochemicals isolated from Prosopis species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calotropin is a pharmacologically active compound isolated from milkweed plants like Calotropis procera, Calotropis gigantea, and Asclepias currasavica that belong to the Asclepiadaceae family. All of these plants are recognised as medical traditional plants used in Asian countries. Calotropin is identified as a highly potent cardenolide that has a similar chemical structure to cardiac glycosides (such as digoxin and digitoxin). During the last few years, cytotoxic and antitumor effects of cardenolides glycosides have been reported more frequently. Among cardenolides, calotropin is identified as the most promising agent. In this updated and comprehensive review, we aimed to analyze and discuss the specific mechanisms and molecular targets of calotropin in cancer treatment to open new perspectives for the adjuvant treatment of different types of cancer. The effects of calotropin on cancer have been extensively studied in preclinical pharmacological studies in vitro using cancer cell lines and in vivo in experimental animal models that have targeted antitumor mechanisms and anticancer signaling pathways. The analyzed information from the specialized literature was obtained from scientific databases until December 2022, mainly from PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases using specific MeSH search terms. The results of our analysis demonstrate that calotropin can be a potential chemotherapeutic/ chemopreventive adjunctive agent in cancer pharmacotherapeutic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and involves an oxidative stress mechanism. The transcription factor Nrf2 has a crucial role in cytoprotective response against oxidative stress, including cancer growth and progression and therapy resistance. For this reason, inhibitors of Nrf2 are new targets to be studied. Traditional plant-based remedies rich in phytochemicals have been used against human cancers and phenolic compounds are known for their chemopreventive properties. This comprehensive review offers an updated review of the role of phenolic compounds as anticancer agents due to their action on Nrf2 inhibition. In addition, the role of naturally-occurring bioactive anticancer agents are covered in the clinical applications of polyphenols as Nrf2 inhibitors. EkynToSR555mbd1vVCBd11 Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the source and cultivation conditions of medicinal plants, growing them in the field of agriculture, and determining new prospects for production is one of the topical topics. This research was conducted in 2022 in the south-eastern territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research work was carried out using geobotanical and biological methods. In this article, the authors describe that contains opposing points of view on the problem considered in the importance of cultivation and resource of agricultural systems medical plant, Artemisia schrenkiana L. The article presents the results of the plant community of the area where the A. schrenkiana Ledeb plant grows in the south-east of Kazakhstan and laboratory seed productivity. As a result of the research, the authors have described 163 plant species belonging to 31 families and 116 genera from the plant community, making a comprehensive analysis of the microclimatic conditions, terrain structure and floral composition of the area where the A. schrenkiana Ledeb plant grows. Laboratory experiments showed high germination of A. schrenkiana seeds, but the germination of seeds collected from different populations was different: for example, No. 2 population seeds had the highest laboratory germination. This was probably due to the remoteness of these populations from anthropogenic factors. because 1 and No. 3 populations of A. schrenkiana were found in the vicinity of settlements, while No. 2 populations were located in pastures far from villages. According to the natural resource analysis, the following five genera dominated by the number of species in the places where A. schrenkiana Ledeb grows: Gramineae Juss. Poaceae, Compositae Giseke., Chenopodiaceae Vent., Leguminosae Juss. and Boraginaceae Juss. The plants in the studied community were classified according to their useful properties as follows: 157 species value plants, 38 species of medicinal plants, five species of poisonous plants, 10 species of essential oil plants, three species of succulent plants and three species of ornamental plants. Currently, no external factor had a strong negative impact on the plant community where A. schrenkiana Ledeb, a plant with medicinal potential and important in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paeoniaemodi Wall. ex Royle is commonly known as Himalayan paeony has great importance as a food and medicine. The practice of Paeoniaemodi Wall. ex Royle is very ancient and it is conventionally used for a wide range of illnesses in the folk system of medicine because of its wide beneficial phytochemical profile. The main purpose of the current review was the synthesis of recent data on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and potential pharmacological mechanisms of action of Paeoniaemodi Wall. ex Royle, thus offering new prospects for the development of new adjuvant natural therapies. Using scientific databases such as PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Springer, and Wiley, a comprehensive literature search was performed for Paeoniaemodi Wall. ex Royle. For searching, we used the next MeSH terms: "Biological Product/isolation and purification", "Biological Products/pharmacology", "Drug Discovery/methods", "Ethnopharmacology, Medicine", "Traditional/methods", "Paeonia/chemistry", "Plant Extracts/pharmacology", "Phytochemicals/chemistry", "Phytochemicals/pharmacology", "Plants, Medicinal". The results of the most recent studies were analyzed and the most important data were summarized in tables and figures. Phytochemical research of Paeoniaemodi Wall. ex Royle has led to the isolation of triterpenes, monoterpenes, phenolic acids, fatty acids, organic compounds, steroids, free radicals and some other classes of primary metabolites. In addition, diverse pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, anticoagulant, airway relaxant lipoxygenase and beta-glucuronidase inhibiting activity, radical scavenging activity, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities have been reported for Paeoniaemodi Wall. ex Royle. Different bioactive compounds of Paeoniaemodi Wall. ex Royle has proven their therapeutic potential in modern pharmacological and biomedical research to cure numerous gastrointestinal and nervous disorders. In future, further in vitro and in vivo therapeutic studies are required to identify new mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics studies, and new pharmaceutical formulations for target transport and possible interaction with allopathic drugs. Also, new research regarding quality evaluation, toxicity and safety data in humans is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-biotechnology-based clinical applications to cure health-related issues have gained huge attention among the scientific community and hold great promise to limit cancer metastasis. In this study, green-derived silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using leaf extract of Litchi chinensis. Characterization of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was performed by using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, EDS, and SEM analysis. The clinical application of green-drive nanoparticles was investigated by using MCF-7 cancer cell lines. MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were analyzed against three different treatments. (i) Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), (ii) miR34a mimics and (iii) Co-delivery of AgNPs and miR34a mimics. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and, extraction of mRNA and cDNA synthesis were performed after successful cellular transfection. qRT-PCR was done for expression analysis of DR4 and DR5 upon exogenous delivery of all 3 treatments. Results indicate that L. chinensis leaves have a significant amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents and also possess massive antioxidant activity. The diameter of nanoparticles was observed in the range of 41–55 nm. It was concluded that green-derived silver nanoparticles can be a potential contributing agent for cancer prevention and are reported to upregulate the expression of DR4 and DR5 by 0.8-folds and 3.7-folds, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to study the effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction and in vitro morphogenesis using various explants of Paulownia tomentosa to develop an efficient plant regeneration protocol. Different plant organ sections (leaves, apical shoot tips, petals, nodes, and internodes) were cultured as explants to identify the best in vitro explants responsive to callus induction and plant regeneration. Explants were cultivated on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators (TDZ (Thidiazuron), BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), kinetin, and NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid). It was discovered that the addition of TDZ and NAA stimulated the induction of somatic embryogenesis. It was discovered that the MS medium with the combination of plant growth regulators BAP (35.5 µM) and NAA (5.4 µM) with the addition of 30.0 g/L maltose, 500.0 mg/L casein hydrolysate, and 250.0 mg/L L-proline was optimal for callus induction and multiple plant regeneration. The study of the regenerative capacity of various explants of Paulownia tomentosa in vitro showed that plant regeneration depends on the type of explant, and occurs in both ways, indirectly, through the formation of callus tissues and directly on the explant, without callus formation. As a result of this study, the efficient reproducible protocol of embryogenic callus formation and multiple shoot induction in vitro of Paulownia tomentosa was developed. This system provides a clear increase in the frequency of plant regeneration from 36.3 ± 3.4% to 38.6 ± 2.3% per embryogenic callus from leaves and apical shoot tips, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main results on study of phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of three plants growing in southeastern part of Kazakhstan, namely A. schrenkiana, L. turkestanicus and C. tianschanica. Plant material was collected on flowering stage in July 2020. This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential in order to validate the medicinal potential of these herbs. The antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts was evaluated using 2,2 diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content were determined according respectively to Spanos-Wrolstad and Zhishen method. The essential oil composition of samples was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) (Agilent 7890A) coupled by flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry (Agilent 5975C) using capillary column (HP Innowax Capillary; 60.0 m×0.25 mm×0.25 µm). Phenols in A. schrenkiana (2.83 mg OE/g), in L. turkestanicus (2.86 mg OE/g), in C. tianschanica (16.08 mg OE/g). Flavonoids in C. tianschanica (21.79 mg RE/g), in L. turkestanicus (4.29 mg RE/g), in A. schrenkiana (3.8 mg RE/g). C. tianschanica (IC50 = 0.78 µg.mL) had greater antioxidant activity than A. schrenkiana (IC50 = 3.7 µg.mL) and L. turkestanicus (IC50 = 3.38 µg.mL). The components of the essential oil of A. schrenkiana revealed 13 types of chemical elements, of which the indicators of camphor (44.79%) and 1.8-cineole (29.05%) were high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the experts of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the annual global loss of products from diseases and pests of agricultural crops in 1986-1990 was 52.2 million from 1998-2005 from a conventional unit of grain to 70 million tons. One of the factors that reduce the yield indicators of grain crops, contributing to a sharp decrease in yield, is the rust disease, which causes damage to grain crops, except for wheat Aegilops, Elymus, Agropyron, etc. The problem of contamination of grain crops with phytopathogenic fungi is quite a serious problem for the countries of Central Asia, since, according to FAO, this region is characterized by a higher level of bread consumption per capita (about 200 kg per year), and agriculture is considered as one of the key factors of the economy. The cost of production is an economic factor and negatively affects the sustainable development of agricultural production. A comprehensive study of the source material obtained in breeding, the replacement of ineffective ones with effective ones, makes it possible to suppress the rate of development of the pathogen and prevent epiphytosis. The evolution of the adapted parasite is accompanied by the evolution of the host plant. The article examines the complex resistance of domestic and foreign wheat varieties to rust in an artificial epidemic environment. Over the years of research, a comparative analysis of the resistance of wheat varieties to diseases has been carried out. Field tolerance was noted in the varieties Almaly, Arap, Zhakut, Naz with 3-4 points, in the varieties Samar and Zhalyn with 2 points. As a result of the structural analysis of the yield of winter wheat varieties allowed for sowing in production and promising, a decrease in these indicators was found under the influence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, intensified development of stem rust of wheat has again been noted in the grain-growing regions of Kazakhstan. To determine the genetic basis of immunity in 2015 -- 2019, the authors performed targeted studies in the conditions of the southeast and north of Kazakhstan on the natural and the artificially infectious backgrounds of inoculation. Their scientific novelty consisted in identifying effective Sr genes of wheat resistance to the Kazakhstan population of stem rust. The obtained results of the immunological assessment of the trap varieties show that most studied genotypes with the Sr genes were susceptible to the Kazakhstan population of stem rust. With that, the varieties carrying the Sr31 gene have been affected to varying degrees. It should be especially noted that the Sr31 gene in combination with the Sr24 gene ensured more reliable protection from the population of the stem rust pathogen. The authors have selected the obtained resistance genes by their efficiency: Sr2 complex; Sr11; Sr21; Sr31; Sr36; Sr39; Sr40, SrSatu; SrNin, as well as combinations of the Sr24 and 1RS-Am genes; Sr24.31; Sr6.31.21; Sr6,24,36,1RSAm; Sr7a, Sr12, Sr6; and Sr31 absent. The authors recommend them as sources of resistance to the local stem rust population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kazakhstan-Siberia Network for Spring Wheat Improvement (KASIB) was established in 2000 to conduct multi-location cooperative yield trials for the exchange of breeding material and to evaluate agronomic traits such as grain yield and disease resistance. In 2016, aggregated KASIB data were analyzed and 120 cultivars and breeding lines demonstrating different degrees of resistance to leaf rust selected. They were tested for leaf rust and agronomic traits in Omsk, Russia; Almaty, Kazakhstan and Sakarya, Turkey in 2017–2019. This germplasm was grouped into four categories based on leaf rust reaction: 31 resistant (R), 27 moderately resistant (MR), 37 intermediate (M) and 25 moderately susceptible (MS) entries. Lr genes were postulated based on tests using pathotypes with known virulence profiles and molecular markers. The most frequent Lr genes alone or in combination were Lr10 (31 entries), Lr26 (24), Lr9 (23), Lr1 (18), Lr17 (11), Lr34 (11) and Lr19 (7). Genes Lr1, Lr9, Lr10 and Lr17 reduced the leaf rust severity to M or MS across environments. The presence of Lr26 alone or in combination with other major genes reduced the leaf rust severity to MR-M in Omsk and R in Sakarya. The only gene with the large effect on leaf rust was Lr19, which provided a high level of resistance at all sites both alone and in combination with Lr26. Leaf rust severity in 52 entries with adult plant resistance (APR) was compared to 68 entries possessing effective seedling resistance genes. The leaf rust severity in entries with APR compared to seedling resistance was similar at low infection pressure at Sakarya, 2018 and Omsk, 2019. However, at higher leaf rust infection pressure at Omsk in 2017 and 2018, Almaty in 2019, there was a clear advantage for the germplasm possessing major genes. High level of stem rust infection in Omsk in 2019 confirmed effectiveness of the Sr31/Lr26 gene. A set of 33 genotypes was selected combining resistance to leaf and stem rust with superior agronomic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation and use of rust-resistant varieties is the most eco-friendly and efficient method of protecting wheat and triticale crops. For successful selection of spring triticale for rust resistance, it is necessary to have genetic material with efficient genes. In order to identify the carriers of leaf and stem rust-resistant genes, a collection of spring triticale (86 samples) was studied using molecular markers and phytopathology methods. On an artificial infectious background, 81% of collection samples of spring triticale demonstrated a high resistance (0R) to the stem rust population. Nineteen samples that demonstrated a resistance (0–5% R) to the leaf rust population were isolated. Identification of the collection using DNA markers allowed for isolating the samples with Sr2 (19 samples), Sr22 (nine samples), and Lr28 (14 samples) genes. Among the collection, no carriers of Lr9 and Lr35/Sr39 genes were found. The samples with the efficient genes Sr2 and Sr22 were included in crossings to create stem rust-resistant domestic varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the ability of transdermal electric stimulation to prevent the formation of intra-abdominal adhesions in the combination with Seprafilm® (anti-adhesive agent). One hundred and twenty-eight (128) rabbits were subjected to a surgical procedure to simulate the adhesion processes. After the simulation, the animals were divided into 4 groups (32 animals each), depending on the application of the methods of prevention: (1) control group (no anti-adhesives or electro-stimulation) (CG); (2) comparison group (applications of Seprafilm®) (SF); (3) comparison group 2 (transdermal electric stimulation of the abdominal muscles) TES; (4) group (transdermal electric stimulation + Seprafilm®) (TES + SF). We observed that the application of the Seprafilm® alone led to a significant decrease in the adhesive process compared to the control group (CG) (p < 0.01). The adhesion process in the group underwent transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) was significantly lower compared to the Seprafilm® group (SF) (p ≤ 0.05). The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the adhesion processes in the SF + TES group on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 in comparison with the CG group (p = 0.001), SF group (p = 0.001) and TES group (p = 0.01) group of animals. This study showed the efficacy of transdermal electrical muscle stimulation for the prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions. Moreover, the combination of Seprafilm® anti-adhesion agent and electrical muscle stimulation resulted in the complete absence of adhesions. Our findings indicate the potential of such strategy for further clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global nature of international energy problems, their increasing politicization, as well as the objectively developed position of the Russian fuel and energy complex within the sphere of the world energy, have made the energy factor one of the key considerations of the Russian foreign policy. In the context of the deterioration of relations with the West, Russia needs other political and, more importantly, economic allies for further development of the State itself. For this very reason, the development of the Russo-Chinese energy interaction is perceived as one of the dominant tasks of the foreign economic priorities for Russia and, incidentally, determines the relevance for this work. In this context, the paper intends to study the current conditions and constructive prospects of the energy dialog between Russia and China. In addition, the article considers the main directions and problems of the interaction between the Russian Federation and the PRC, by exa-mining the key aspect in their relations--energy. The article notes that recently, the parties have reached a number of large-scale and long-term agreements in the energy sector. This allows for considering the evolution of the energy cooperation between the Russian Federation and the PRC to become an opportunity for reaching a qualitatively new level and achieving strategic significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mid global geopolitical chaos, Russia and China are resolved to preserve the global balance. The paper discusses the current stage of energy cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China; it offers its forecasts in view of possible changes and the risks of bilateral political and economic relations and points out that in recent years the two countries have signed several largescale and long-term contracts in the energy sector and, therefore, reached a qualitatively new strategic level of energy cooperation. The authors have posed themselves a task of discussing Russia's energy policy and the impact of external and internal factors on the prospects of its energy cooperation with China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Central Asia & the Caucasus (14046091) is the property of Ninety Nine Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, a method of obtaining a highly active endogenous biostimulator from green spike glumes of wheat, which play an important role in regulation of donoracceptor interactions, was considered. The obtained plant biostimulator performed protective functions in mitigating the cold effect as an unfavourable environmental factor. It was observed that the biostimulator obtained from green spike glumes of wheat could be used for vegetative propagation without separation of the plants from different ecological zones, agriculture and forestry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the quantitative analysis of phytochemical constituents of medicinal plant Spiraea hypericifolia L. from Kazakhstan has been made for the first time. Total bioactive components aerial and underground parts of plants material S. hypericifolia L. such as organic acids (0.28 %), (0.35 %), flavonoids (0.77 %), (5.36 %), coumarins (0.04 %), (0.21 %), saponins (2.09 %), (0.98 %), tannins (1.31 %), (1.62 %), and together with moisture content (4.72 %), (3.84 %), total ash (5.11 %), (5.41 %), were determined. Eleven macro-micro elements from the ash of plant were identified, main contents of them were Ca (362.20 μg/ml), (344.750 μg/ml), K (69.670 μg/ml), (57.8075 μg/ml), and Mg (24.270 μg/ml), (34.480 μg/ml), by using the method of multi-element atomic emission spectral analysis. In addition, twenty amino and eight fatty acids were analyzed from the plant. The results showed that major contents of amino acids were glutamate (1741 mg/100g), (1710 mg/100g), aspartate (845 mg/100g), (820 mg/100g), and alanine (560 mg/100g), (523 mg/100g), as well as in fatty acid was linoleic (81.1 %), (79.7 %) acid, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The living conditions of certain groups of Kazakhstani population, especially in regions and rural areas, where adverse factors (both environmental and anthropogenic), i.e. the quality of atmospheric air, food, and drinking water are deteriorating, might negatively affect the immune status of inhabitants and lead to the occurrence of diseases. For that reason, the restoration of immunological disorders is an urgent task, since the majority of chronic, somatic, infectious diseases are accompanied by secondary immunological failure. The algorithm of immunomodulation involves the use of pharmacological agents that can increase (immunostimulation) or reduce (immunosuppression) the level of immune response. The chronic toxicity of the immunostimulating "Virospan" drug was studied in doses of 39 mg/kg, 13 mg/kg, 4.3 mg/kg. Intranasal administration of the "Virospan" drug at a dose of 4.5 and 13 mg/kg causes a statistically significant (P≤0.001) increase in the level of white blood cells, erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Against the background of a statistically significant (P≤0.001) decrease in the level of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, an increase in lymphocytes was observed. "Virospan" at a concentration of 39 mg/kg leads to a decrease in the total number of leukocytes by 60 days and does not cause pronounced changes in the indicators of red blood, eosinophils and basophils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article indicates the adaptive reaction of the blood and lymph system that is affected by the extreme factor which is toxic substance. Change of the viscosity and overall protein composition of the blood and lymph, the erythrocytes and leukocytes of the rats which were receiving toxic substance for a long period of time and small changes in concentration of ions were observed. SUMS-1 (1g/kg) was used as a detoxicant in the experiment. The impact of toxic substances has decreased and animal state has improved after intake of SUMS-1. Regarding the composition and flow of the lymph, physicochemical and biochemical parameters of blood cells were positive. When using the organic compounds lymph flow declined and composition reduced, whereas application of enterosorbent detoxifiers resulted conversely. After introduction into abdominal cavity SUMS-1 displayed high sorption properties. Sorbents are characterized by their ability to absorb toxic substances. In recent years, sorbents are widely used in various diseases, so it has great importance in the treatment and prevention. It is noticed that the physical and chemical properties of the animals blood receiving the sorbent improved. As can be seen from these data, the excretion of toxic substances from the body during sorbent reception was significant higher. The data obtained during the experiment showed that the decrease in erythrocytes was observed simultaneously with the reduction of hematocrit, which showed that the plasma portion of the blood increased and the appearance of hydrobialysis. It should be noted that the addition of enterosorbent to rats leads to a restoration of the volume of plasma and blood cells. The results provide strong evidence that SUMS-1supplementation is beneficial in protecting the kidneys from CCl4 toxicity. This kind work of research in this area should be continued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports the study of the effect of the Kazakh mmedicine Kezimuk granules on himoral immunity, cell-medicated immunity and immunological function of cyclophosphamide immunosupressed mice. 60 SPF Kunming mice, half male and half female, were randomly divided into 6 groups. Each group contains 10 mice: Respectively the normal group (saline solution) comparing to the control group (Yupingfeng granules) and the model group (saline solution) comparing to high, medium and low dose Kezimuk granule groups. The high, medium and low dose ,2.72g/kg, 1.36g/kg, and 0.68g/kg, of Kezimuk were equivalent to 4, 9, and 18 times of it and the recommended dose was calculated through the basis of relative surface of mice, referring to humans. Doses were daily intaken by intragastric administration for 2 weeks. After drug administration from the seventh day to ninth day ,for 3 days, each group, except the normal control group, received intra-peritoneal injections,pyrophosphate,at a dose of 50mg/kg to induce the immunocompromise. The thymus index, spleen index, serum IL-2 content and the body weight of the mice, were measured to observe the effect of each dose of Kezimuk granules on pyrophosphate to induce immunosuppression of the cellular immunity and humoral immunity in the mice. Comparing to the model group Kezimuk granules significantly increase the thymus index and spleen coefficient and remarkably increase the index of B Lymphocyte proliferation, T Lymphocyte proliferation and the serum IL-2 content as well as body weight of immunocompromised mice (P<0.05); the results for the middle and high dose of Kezimuk granule groups were significantly higher than the model group (P<0.05). Kezimuk granule might have a protective effect on immunocompromised mice and improve immunologic function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environment pollution is a wide-researching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human populations is great. And environmental health is that aspects of public health that is concerned with those forms of life substances, forces and conditions in the surroundings of man that may exert an influence on man's health and well-being. A number of natural and anthropogenic activities and may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Increased combustion of fossil fuels in the last century is responsible for the progressive change in the atmospheric composition. Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health, affecting a number of different systems and organs. It ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic effects on human disease, lung cancer, and acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults. The effects of environmental factors on student's health and its mechanisms are briefly discussed. The climatic - geographic conditions of the environmental living habitat is one of the most influential reasons that has always affected and produced physiological changes in our body. Because of this, it gives a chance to determine the change in organisms in time, and give us enough time to organize the appropriate prophylactic events in advance. In our work, the data which had been measured during laboratory research was statistical analyzed the methods were used in our study, and assessment of the value of the measured data, we paid much more attention to assess correctly the changes because of various climatic - geographical reasons effects to students body. In order to determine the functional status of the students' organisms, we used special pilot tested, and got the effective positive comment on its using. In this study we put significant effort to determine the physiological variations (disorders) to the students' which from the different regions of the republic of Kazakhstan and their adaptation process in immune system because of various climatic - geographical changes in their life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes a general method of determination of the asymptotic behavior near zero of multiple trigonometric series whose coefficients possess certain monotonicity properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper is represented anatomical characteristic of vegetative organs of the rare, endangered and endemic species - Ikonnikovia kaufmanniana, which has been studied in conditions of three different coenopopulations. As a result, it was established that vegetative organs of these plants are characterized by different stage of development of its tissues dependently from the habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphometric parameters of different age periods and states of Ikonnikovia kaufmanniana plants from juvenile to senile were studied from three different populations in the mountains Toraigyr and Syugaty (eastern spurs of Ile Alatau, Kazakhstan), and represented in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are represented the results of analysis of anatomical characteristics of overground vegetative organs of a rare and endemic species of Ferula iliensis which was investigated in three separated cenopopulations. As a result of research, high development of the mechanical and assimilatory tissues which are located in peripheral layers of the stem just under the epidermis for the individuals from a cenopopulation Nr.3 was revealed. Moreover, the individuals from a cenopopulation Nr.2 have more extended cells of the palisade parenchyma located in several layers, and respectively, the most thick leaf blades [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogel copolymers based on N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) and acrylic acid (AAc) were synthesized using a solution polymerization technique with different monomer ratios and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. This paper investigates the thermal stability, physical and chemical properties of the hydrogel copolymer. Testing includes Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis (CHNS). The copolymer composition was determined by elemental analysis, and the reactivity ratios of monomers were calculated through linearization methods such as Fineman–Ross (FR), inverted Fineman–Ross (IFR), Kelen–Tudos (KT) and Mayo–Lewis (ML). Good agreement was observed between the results of all four methods. The ratio of r1 and r2 were 0.38 (r1) and 1.45 (r2) (FR), 0.38 (r1) and 1.46 (r2) (IFR), 0.38 (r1) and 1.43 (r2) (KT), and 0.38 (r1) and 1.45 (r2) (ML). Hydrogel copolymers exhibited good thermal stability, and SEM showed three-dimensional porous structures. Antibiotic-free and antibiotic-loaded hydrogels demonstrated antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. As the ratio of DMA in hydrogel copolymer increased, the activity of copolymer against bacteria enhanced. The results indicated that these hydrogels have the potential to be used as antibacterial materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological activities with especially strong antioxidant action are plant polyphenols. In the course of the experiment, the dose-dependent effects of polyphenols-rich extracts isolated from the Lamiaceae family Kazakhstani plants were studied on the processes of lipid peroxidation and on the degree of erythrocytes hemolysis. The activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts from dried parts of plants, such as Origanum vulgare, Ziziphora bungeana, Dracocephalum integrifolium, Mentha piperita, Leonurus turkestanicus, Thymus serpyllum, and Salvia officinalis, was studied in a Wistar rat model. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver microsomes was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde content in the form of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS). Estimation of osmotic resistance of isolated erythrocytes was evaluated based on hemoglobin absorbance. The amount of total phenolics in the extracts was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method. Based on the results, Thymus serpyllum extract exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.3 ± 0.7) compared to other plant extracts. Accordingly, among the extracts studied, those from Salvia officinalis, Thymus serpyllum, and Origanum vulgare show the most pronounced membrane-stabilizing activity. Antioxidant and antihemolytic properties of green tea and Origanum vulgare extract mixtures were similar to that of each individual plant extract. Similar results were obtained when the green tea extract was mixed with Mentha piperita, Ziziphora bungeana, and Dracocephalum integrifolium extracts, indicating no discernible synergistic interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analogue of Sidon's theorem is presented for series of the form where the coefficients a have a constant sign for any fixed k. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]