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Ba0.5-xSr0.5PbxFe12O19 hexaferrites (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5) prepared by the co-precipitation method, revealed the formation of M-type hexaferrites with crystallite sizes varying from 42.81 to 60.96 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) indicated the formation of hexaferrites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed hexagonal morphology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) pictures, and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns further supported the nanoparticle characteristics. SAED analysis showed clear and well-defined circular rings, corresponding to the reflection planes observed in X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed to examine the electronic structure, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) investigation proved the elements' existence. The direct optical energy band gaps ( E g ), as determined through Tauc plots, decreased from 3.11 to 2.95 eV in an inversely proportional manner to D, indicating the quantum confinement effect. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed emissions at 335 nm for all synthesized compounds. The vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements showed strong ferromagnetic behavior, with a decrease in saturation magnetization ( M s ) from 56.33 to 38.83 emu/g, coercive fields ( H c ) from 4388.3 to 3289.3 G, and squareness ratios from 0.49 to 0.43. The decrease in coercivity ( H c ) with Pb incorporation is attributed to significant demagnetizing-like interactions caused by a rise in particle size and a reduction in anisotropy energy rising from Pb doping. Effective crystalline anisotropy constants ( K eff ) decreased from 2.37 × 105 to 1.03 × 105 Erg/g, categorizing the materials as hard magnets ideal for high-density magnetic recording plus permanent magnet production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hadron production ( π ± , proton, Λ , K S 0 , K ± ) in π - + C and π - + W collisions is investigated at an incident pion beam momentum of 1.7 GeV / c . This comprehensive set of data measured with HADES at SIS18/GSI significantly extends the existing world data on hadron production in pion induced reactions and provides a new reference for models that are commonly used for the interpretation of heavy-ion collisions. The measured inclusive differential production cross-sections are compared with state-of-the-art transport model (GiBUU, SMASH) calculations. The (semi-) exclusive channel π - + A → Λ + K S 0 + X , in which the kinematics of the strange hadrons are correlated, is also investigated and compared to a model calculation. Agreement and remaining tensions between data and the current version of the considered transport models are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of Σ 0 hyperons in proton proton collisions at a beam kinetic energy of 3.5 GeV impinging on a liquid hydrogen target was investigated using data collected with the HADES setup. The total production cross section is found to be σ (p K + Σ 0) = 17.7 ± 1.7 (s t a t) ± 1.6 (s y s t) µb. Differential cross section distributions of the exclusive channel p p → p K + Σ 0 were analyzed in the center-of-mass, Gottfried–Jackson and helicity reference frames for the first time at the excess energy of 556 MeV. The data support the interplay between pion and kaon exchange mechanisms and clearly demonstrate the contribution of interfering nucleon resonances decaying to K + Σ 0 . The Bonn–Gatchina partial wave analysis was employed to analyse the data. Due to the limited statistics, it was not possible to obtain an unambiguous determination of the relative contribution of intermediate nucleon resonances to the final state. However nucleon resonances with masses around 1.710 GeV / c 2 ( N ∗ (1710) ) and 1.900 GeV / c 2 ( N ∗ (1900) or Δ ∗ (1900) ) are preferred by the fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural properties of (x)CuO/(1-x)CdFe2O4 nanocomposites for x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1.0 were studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the existence of both phases with a secondary phase of α-Fe2O3. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization showed the vibrational bands of the synthesized samples. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) micrographs revealed the presence of CuO, CdFe2O4, and α-Fe2O3 phases and showed the polycrystalline nature of the prepared nanocomposites. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) study exhibited the morphology of the prepared nanostructures and indicated the agglomeration between them. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results revealed the presence of all chemical elements within the synthesized nanocomposites. Emission peaks of the samples were analyzed via Photoluminescence (PL) deconvolutions which approved the interface defects. The Mössbauer study showed the presence of hematite impurity and the results were coherent with XRD findings. The obtained M-H loops from the vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis depicted a paramagnetic nature of CuO and showed the ferromagnetic behavior of the nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While bone literature abounds with correlations of mechanical stiffness to mineralization, such correlations are reported without relating the findings to specific intracortical locations. This study reports on mapping of stiffness and mineralization distributions in ring-shaped cortical bone samples sliced from mid-diaphyseal bovine femur. Stiffness and mineralization measurements were conducted at points across the intracortical thickness along radial lines emanating from the inner (endosteal) surface to the outer (periosteal) surface. Measurements were taken along approximately 4 mm distance of cortical bone thickness. Materials and methods: Three experimental techniques were employed: Vickers microhardness (HV), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and computed tomography (CT). Stiffness values were extracted from the Vickers microhardness tests. Elemental mineralization values (calcium %wt. and phosphorus %wt.) were determined from EDX data. All measurements were repeated on three different femur bones taken from different bovines (collected fresh from butcher). Results: The study plots stiffness values and elemental mineralization (calcium %wt. and phosphorus %wt.) versus cortical thickness. Both stiffness and Ca %wt. and P %wt. are found to track and to linearly increase when plotted along the radial distance. The stiffness and mineralization trends collected from Vickers and EDX measurements were verified by employing the CT number (Hounsfield units, HU) via CT scans of the same bone samples. Data fitting via statistical methods revealed that all correlations were statistically significant. Conclusion: Starting from endosteal to periosteal surfaces of mid-diaphyseal bovine femur, it was found that stiffness, mineralization, and HU values all exhibit increasing and correlating trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Evidence-based dentistry (EBD) can help provide the best treatment option for every patient, however, its implementation in restorative dentistry is very limited. Objective This study aimed at assessing the barriers preventing the implementation of EBD among dental undergraduate and graduate students in Montreal, and explore possible solutions to overcome these barriers. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by means of a paper format self-administrated questionnaire distributed among dental students. The survey assessed the barriers and potential solutions for implementation of an evidence-based practice. Results Sixty-one students completed the questionnaire. Forty-one percent of respondents found evidence-based literature to be the most reliable source of information for restorative treatment planning, however, only 16% used it. They considered that finding reliable information was difficult and they sometimes encountered conflicting information when consulting different sources. Dental students had positive attitudes towards the need for better access to evidence-based literature to assist learning and decision making in restorative treatment planning and to improve treatment outcomes. Even for dentists trained in EBD, online searching takes too much time, and even though it can provide information of better quality than personal intuition, it might not be enough to identify the best available evidence. Conclusions Even though dental students are aware of the importance of EBD in restorative dentistry they rarely apply the concept, mainly due to time constraints. For this reason, implementation of EBD would probably require faster access to evidence-based knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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