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Objective: To explore a link between the use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and the risk of stroke. Methods: Comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL Library databases was carried out for observational studies establishing the link between PPI and a risk of stroke. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models were plotted. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, gender, PPI type, duration of follow-up, and propensity score matching (PSM). Results: The analysis included 12 studies, with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 95%). PPI use did not affect the incidence of ischemic stroke (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.98-1.26). Subgroup analyses revealed that PPI use correlated with the risk of ischemic stroke, in particular in patients<65 years old (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07-1.45), both males (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02-1.24) and females (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10-1.33). The correlation varied depending on the PPI type, with pantoprazole showing elevated risk (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.43-1.93). Duration of follow-up or propensity score matching (PSM) did not impact the association. Conclusion: PPI use may be linked with ischemic stroke, particularly in individuals <65 years old and of all genders. The specific PPI type may also influence the risk. However, the cumulative analysis did not find any statistically significant association, and heterogeneity among studies was substantial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimonanthus praecox is a famous traditional flower in China with high ornamental value. It has numerous varieties, yet its classification is highly disorganized. The distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) test enables the classification and nomenclature of various species; thus, it can be used to classify the Chimonanthus varieties. In this study, flower traits were quantified using an automatic system based on pattern recognition instead of traditional manual measurement to improve the efficiency of DUS testing. A total of 42 features were quantified, including 28 features in the DUS guidelines and 14 new features proposed in this study. Eight algorithms were used to classify wintersweet, and the random forest (RF) algorithm performed the best when all features were used. The classification accuracy of the outer perianth was the highest when the features of the different parts were used for classification. A genetic algorithm was used as the feature selection algorithm to select a set of 22 reduced core features and improve the accuracy and efficiency of the classification. Using the core feature set, the classification accuracy of the RF model improved to 99.13%. Finally, K-means was used to construct a pedigree cluster tree of 23 varieties of wintersweet; evidently, wintersweet was clustered into a single class, which can be the basis for further study of genetic relationships among varieties. This study provides a novel method for DUS detection, variety identification, and pedigree analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a fluorimetric and ratiometric colorimetric dual-mode detection method was developed for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) based on carbon dots (CDs)/5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Its main mechanism is that OPs inhibit the catalysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine (ATCh) to form thiocholine (TCh). It specifically reacts with DTNB which has a characteristic absorption band at 325 nm to produce 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB) with an absorption peak at 410 nm overlapped with the excitation spectrum of the CDs. Thus, TNB can exert an inner filter effect (IFE) on the CDs. Upon the addition of chlorpyrifos (CPF, a representative of OPs), the activity of AChE is gradually inhibited, resulting in an increase in absorbance at 325 nm and a decrease in absorbance at 410 nm, as well as a weakening of the IFE on the CDs. Therefore, a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity of the CDs and the logarithm of the concentration of CPF was established in a broad range from 0.3 to 200 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.081 ng mL-1. Furthermore, an excellent linear relationship was fitted between the ratio of absorbance at 410 nm to that at 325 nm (R410/325) and the logarithm of the concentration of CPF in the range of 0.3-200 ng mL-1 with a LOD of 0.054 ng mL-1. The proposed dual-mode method could recover CPF from the tap water and pork samples in the range from 93.3% to 108.8%. Therefore, it can be potentially developed as a reliable detection method for OPs with high selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Four kinds of nanosilica-supported metallic and metatitanic acid nanocatalysts were synthesised as potential phase transfer catalysts for enhancing heavy oil recovery via a liquid-reduction method. The catalysts were carried by water and transferred into oil phase, and the catalytic performance of catalysts for the aquathermolysis reaction and viscosity reduction of the extra-heavy oil recovered at Shengli Oilfield (Dongying, China) was investigated. At a mass fraction of 1%, an aquathermolysis reaction temperature of 150°C and an aquathermolysis time of 36 h, the as-synthesised silica/zero valence iron and nickel (denoted as SiO2/Fe/Ni) catalyst was able to reduce the apparent viscosity of the two kinds of heavy oils by 79.3 and 77.6%, showing promising application in the industrial production of heavy crude oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]