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Millet agriculture, which originated in northern China, alongside rice agriculture, have nurtured the Chinese civilization. Prehistoric manuring practices likely promoted and maintained sustainable millet agricultural production in the loess area of northern China. However, ongoing controversy exists regarding the indicators of prehistoric manuring intensity of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and common millet (Panicum miliaceum). Here, we present the results of pot and field fertilization experiments on two millet types. Our findings suggest that manuring can significantly increase the δ15N values of foxtail millet, and its δ15N values increase with increasing manuring levels. The δ15N values of foxtail millet leaves are systematically greater than those of grains by approximately 1.6‰. Manuring could have a long-term residual impact on increasing the δ15N values of soil and millet crops. Combined with previous crop fertilization experiment results, we propose that the impact of manuring on the δ15N values of non-nitrogen-fixing crops is roughly consistent. The δ15N value and amount of manure are key factors determining the extent of change in plant δ15N values. The millet grain δ15N values can serve as reliable indicators of manuring practices. Finally, we provide an interpretive framework for assessing the correlation between manuring levels and the δ15N values of archaeological millet remains. The δ15N values of ancient millet grains suggest widespread and intensive manuring practices in prehistoric millet agriculture in northern China, spanning from the early Yangshao period to the Longshan period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phylogeographic studies have gained prominence in linking past geological events to the distribution patterns of biodiversity, primarily in mountainous regions. However, such studies often focus on plant taxa, neglecting the intricate biogeographical patterns of microbes, particularly soil microbial communities. This article explores the spatial distribution of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora, a widespread microorganism, in a tectonically active region at the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. By analysing the genetic variation of this fungus alongside the historical structure of major river watersheds, we sought to uncover potential connections between the two. Our study involved sampling 149 strains from 116 sites across six major watersheds in the region. Results: The resulting haplotype network revealed five distinct clusters, each corresponding closely to a specific watershed. These clusters exhibited high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity, supporting the notion of watershed-based segregation. Further analysis of haplotypes shared across watersheds provided evidence for three proposed past river connections. In particular, we found numerous shared haplotypes between the Yangtze and Mekong basins, as well as between the Yangtze and the Red basins. Evidence for a Irrawaddy-Salween-Red and a Yangtze-Pearl-Red river connections were also portrayed in our mapping exercise. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the crucial role of historical geomorphological events in shaping the biogeography of microbial biodiversity, alongside contemporary biotic and abiotic factors. Watershed perimeters emerged as effective predictors of such patterns, suggesting their suitability as analytical units for regional-scale studies. Our study also demonstrates the potential of microorganisms and phylogeographic approaches to complement traditional geological analyses, providing a more comprehensive understanding of past landscape structure and its evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the main active components of Panax notoginseng. But after oral administration, they need to be converted into rare ginsenosides by human gut microbiota and gastric juice before they can be readily absorbed into the bloodstream and exert their effects. The sources of rare ginsenosides are extremely limited in P. notoginseng and other medical plants, which hinders their application in functional foods and drugs. Therefore, the production of rare ginsenosides by the transformation of PNS using Aspergillus fumigatus was studied in this research. During 50 days at 25 ℃ and 150 rpm, A. fumigatus transformed PNS to 14 products (1–14). They were isolated by varied chromatographic methods, such as silica gel column chromatography, Rp-C18 reversed phase column chromatography, semi-preparative HPLC, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and elucidated on the basis of their 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and ESIMS spectroscopic data. Then, the transformed products (1–14) were isolated and identified as Rk3, Rh4, 20 (R)-Rh1, 20 (S)-Protopanaxatriol, C-K, 20 (R)-Rg3, 20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (S)-Rg2, 20 (R)-R2, Rk1, Rg5, 20 (S)-R2, 20 (R)-Rg2, and 20 (S)-I, respectively. In addition, all transformed products (1–14) were tested for their antimicrobial activity. Among them, compounds 5 (C-K) and 7 [20 (S)-Rg3] showed moderate antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with MIC values of 6.25, 1.25 μg/mL and 1.25, 25 μg/mL, respectively. This study lays the foundation for production of rare ginsenosides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) classes I and III are the only biological exemptions of immediate-release solid oral dosage forms eligible for regulatory approval. However, through virtual bioequivalence (VBE) studies, BCS class II drugs may qualify for biological exemptions if reliable and validated modeling is used. Here, we sought to establish physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, in vitro-in vivo relationship (IVIVR), and VBE models for enteric-coated omeprazole capsules, to establish a clinically-relevant dissolution specification (CRDS) for screening BE and non-BE batches, and to ultimately develop evaluation criteria for generic omeprazole enteric-coated capsules. To establish omeprazole's IVIVR based on the PBPK model, we explored its in vitro dissolution conditions and then combined in vitro dissolution profile studies with in vivo clinical trials. The predicted omeprazole pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles and parameters closely matched the observed PK data. Based on the VBE results, the bioequivalence study of omeprazole enteric-coated capsules required at least 48 healthy Chinese subjects. Based on the CRDS, the capsules' in vitro dissolution should not be < 28%-54%, < 52%, or < 80% after two, three, and six hours, respectively. Failure to meet these dissolution criteria may result in non-bioequivalence. Here, PBPK modeling and IVIVR methods were used to bridge the in vitro dissolution of the drug with in vivo PK to establish the BE safety space of omeprazole enteric-coated capsules. The strategy used in this study can be applied in BE studies of other BCS II generics to obtain biological exemptions and accelerate drug development. Establishing virtual bioequivalence and clinically relevant specifications for Omeprazole Enteric-Coated Capsules by incorporating dissolution data in PBPK modeling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil fungi participate in various ecosystem processes and are important factors driving the restoration of degraded forests. However, little is known about the changes in fungal diversity and potential functions under the development of different vegetation types during natural (secondary forest succession) and anthropogenic (reforestation) forest restoration. In this study, we selected typical forest succession sequences (including Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc., pine‐broadleaf mixed forest of P. densiflora and Quercus acutissima Carruth., and Q. acutissima), as well as natural secondary deciduous broadleaved mixed forests and planted forests of Robinia pseudoacacia on Kunyu Mountain for analysis. We used ITS rRNA gene sequencing to characterize fungal communities and used the FUNGuild database to predict fungal functional groups. The results showed that forest succession affected fungal β‐diversity, but not the α‐diversity. There was a significant increase in Basidiomycota and a decrease in Ascomycota in the later successional stage, accompanied by an increase in the functional groups of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). Conversely, planted forests exhibited decreased fungal α‐diversity and altered community compositions, characterized by fewer Basidiomycota and more Ascomycota and Mucoromycota. Planted forests led to a decrease in the relative abundances of ECM and an increase in animal pathogens. The TK content was the major factor explaining the distinction in fungal communities among the three successional stages, whereas pH, AP, and NH4+ were the major factors explaining community variations between natural and planted forests. Changes in vegetation types significantly affected the diversity and functional groups of soil fungal communities during forest succession and reforestation, providing key insights for forest ecosystem management in temperate forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By creating a dual functor of localization, co-localization functor, in a compactly generated tensor triangulated category T , we develop a theory, cosupport, dual to that of support in T. We show that there are many properties that are similar or rather dual between cosupport and support in T. For instance, the cosupport of an object can be detected by the cosupport of its cohomology; the cosupport of a nonzero object is nonempty. Also some characterizations, properties and relations of cosupport and support are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary lymphedema is caused by damage to the lymphatic system from surgery, cancer treatment, infection, trauma, or obesity. This damage induces stresses such as oxidative stress and hypoxia in lymphatic tissue, impairing the lymphatic system. In response to damage, vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) levels increase to induce lymphangiogenesis. Unfortunately, VEGF-C often fails to repair the lymphatic damage in lymphedema. The underlying mechanism contributing to lymphedema is not well understood. In this study, we found that surgery-induced tail lymphedema in a mouse model increased oxidative damage and cell death over 16 days. This corresponded with increased VEGF-C levels in mouse tail lymphedema tissue associated with macrophage infiltration. Similarly, in the plasma of patients with secondary lymphedema, we found a positive correlation between VEGF-C levels and redox imbalance. To determine the effect of oxidative stress in the presence or absence of VEGF-C, we found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced cell death in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs), which was potentiated by VEGF-C. The cell death induced by VEGF-C and H2O2 in HDLECs was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Antioxidant pre-treatment rescued HDLECs from VEGF-C-induced cell death and decreased ROS under oxidative stress. As expected, VEGF-C increased the number of viable and proliferating HDLECs. However, upon H2O2 treatment, VEGF-C failed to increase either viable or proliferating cells. Since oxidative stress leads to DNA damage, we also determined whether VEGF-C treatment induces DNA damage in HDLECs undergoing oxidative stress. Indeed, DNA damage, detected in the form of gamma H2AX (γH2AX), was increased by VEGF-C under oxidative stress. The potentiation of oxidative stress damage induced by VEFG-C in HDLECs was associated with p53 activation. Finally, the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) activation blocked VEGF-C-induced cell death following H2O2 treatment. These results indicate that VEGF-C further sensitizes lymphatic endothelial cells to oxidative stress by increasing ROS and DNA damage, potentially compromising lymphangiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carotenoids are naturally occurring tetraterpenoids that play a key role in fruit coloration, and yellow peaches are one of the best sources of carotenoid intake. MYB transcription factors are one of the largest families in plants and play an important role in the regulation of plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis. However, peach MYB family genes have not been fully analyzed, and in particular, MYBs that regulate carotenoid biosynthesis have not been fully characterized. In this study, 190 peach MYB genes, containing 68 1R-MYBs, 118 2R-MYBs, 3 3R-MYBs, and 1 4R-MYB, were identified at the genome level using bioinformatics methods. These 190 MYBs were classified into 27 subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana MYB family members, and they were unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. MYB genes of the same subfamily exhibit similar but not identical gene structures and conserved motifs. The promoter regions contain cis-acting elements associated with stress response, hormone response, and plant growth and development. There were 54 collinear pairs of MYB genes in the peach genome, compared with 233 and 221 collinear pairs with Rosa chinensis and Arabidopsis, respectively. Thirteen differentially expressed genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in yellow peach were identified by transcriptome sequencing and contained MYB binding sites on their promoters. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, we identified 13 PpMYBs that may be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, and a correlation analysis revealed that they regulate carotenoid accumulation by positively or negatively regulating the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. Further degradome sequencing screened that mdm-miR858 was able to target PpMYB17 and PpMYB126 involved in the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis. Our findings provide new insights into the potential role of MYB transcription factors in carotenoid biosynthesis and provide a theoretical basis for their molecular mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venetoclax and obinutuzumab are becoming frontline therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Unfortunately, drug resistance still occurs, and the combination could be immunosuppressive. Lysosomes have previously been identified as a target for obinutuzumab cytotoxicity in CLL cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. In addition, studies have shown that lysosomotropic agents can cause synergistic cell death in vitro when combined with the BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib, in primary CLL cells. This indicates that targeting lysosomes could be a treatment strategy for CLL. In this study, we have shown that obinutuzumab induces lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin D release in CLL cells. Inhibition of cathepsins reduced obinutuzumab-induced cell death in CLL cells. We further determined that the lysosomotropic agent siramesine in combination with venetoclax increased cell death in primary CLL cells through an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cathepsin release. Siramesine treatment also induced synergistic cytotoxicity when combined with venetoclax. Microenvironmental factors IL4 and CD40L or incubation with HS-5 stromal cells failed to significantly protect CLL cells from siramesine- and venetoclax-induced apoptosis. We also found that siramesine treatment inhibited autophagy through reduced autolysosomes. Finally, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine failed to further increase siramesine-induced cell death. Taken together, lysosome-targeting drugs could be an effective strategy in combination with venetoclax to overcome drug resistance in CLL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effectiveness of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) depends on participants adherence, making it crucial to assess and compare regimen options to enhance human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prophylaxis strategies. However, no prospective study in China has shown that the completion rate and adherence of single-tablet regimens in HIV PEP are higher than those of multi-tablet preparations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the completion rate and adherence of two HIV PEP regimens. Methods: In this single-center, prospective, open-label cohort study, we included 179 participants from May 2022 to March 2023 and analyzed the differences in the 28-day medication completion rate, adherence, safety, tolerance, and effectiveness of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, and dolutegravir (TDF/FTC + DTG). Results: The PEP completion rate and adherence were higher in the BIC/FTC/TAF group than in the TDF/FTC + DTG group (completion rate: 97.8% vs. 82.6%, P = 0.009; adherence: 99.6 ± 2.82% vs. 90.2 ± 25.29%, P = 0.003). The incidence of adverse reactions in the BIC/FTC/TAF and TDF/FTC + DTG groups was 15.2% and 10.3% (P = 0.33), respectively. In the TDF/FTC + DTG group, one participant stopped PEP owing to adverse reactions (1.1%). No other participants stopped PEP due to adverse events. Conclusions: BIC/FTC/TAF and TDF/FTC + DTG have good safety and tolerance as PEP regimens. BIC/FTC/TAF has a higher completion rate and increased adherence, thus, is recommended as a PEP regimen. These findings emphasize the importance of regimen choice in optimizing PEP outcomes. Trial registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2200059994(2022-05-14), https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=167391). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: High‐grade glioma (HGG) is known to be characterized by a high degree of malignancy and a worse prognosis. The classical treatment is safe resection supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Tumor treating fields (TTFields), an emerging physiotherapeutic modality that targets malignant solid tumors using medium‐frequency, low‐intensity, alternating electric fields to interfere with cell division, have been used for the treatment of new diagnosis of glioblastoma, however, their administration in HGG requires further clinical evidence. The efficacy and safety of TTFields in Chinese patients with HGG were retrospectively evaluated by us in a single center. Methods: We enrolled and analyzed 52 patients with newly diagnosed HGG undergoing surgery and standard chemoradiotherapy regimens from December 2019 to June 2022, and followed them until June 2023. Based on whether they used TTFields, they were divided into a TTFields group and a non‐TTFields group. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two groups. Results: There were 26 cases in the TTFields group and 26 cases in the non‐TTFields group. In the TTFields group, the median PFS was 14.2 months (95% CI: 9.50–18.90), the median OS was 19.7 months (95% CI: 14.95–24.25) , the median interval from surgery to the start of treatment with TTFields was 2.47 months (95% CI: 1.47–4.13), and the median duration of treatment with TTFields was 10.6 months (95% CI: 9.57–11.63). 15 (57.69%) patients experienced an adverse event and no serious adverse event was reported. In the non‐TTFields group, the median PFS was 9.57 months (95% CI: 6.23–12.91) and the median OS was 16.07 months (95% CI: 12.90–19.24). There was a statistically significant difference in PFS (p = 0.005) and OS (p = 0.007) between the two groups. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, TTFields were observed to improve newly diagnosed HGG patients' median PFS and OS. Compliance was much higher than reported in clinical trials and safety remained good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell migration, a hallmark of cancer malignancy, plays a critical role in cancers. Improperly initiated or misdirected cell migration can lead to invasive metastatic cancer. Migrasomes are newly discovered vesicular cellular organelles produced by migrating cells and depending on cell migration. Four marker proteins [NDST1 (bifunctionalheparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1), EOGT (Epidermal growth factor domains pecific O-linked N-acetylglucosaminetransferase), CPQ (carboxypeptidase Q), and PIGK (phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class K)] of migrasomes were successfully identified. There are three marker proteins (NDST1, PIGK, and EOGT) of migrasome expressed in cancer. In this review, we will discuss the process of migrasome discovery, the formation of migrasome, the possible functions of migrasome, and the differences between migrasomes and exosomes, especially, the biological functions of migrasome marker proteins in cancer, and discuss some possible roles of migrasomes in cancer. We speculate that migrasomes and migracytosis can play key roles in regulating the development of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isoprene has the largest global non-methane hydrocarbon emission, and the oxidation of isoprene plays a crucial role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Two primary processes are known to contribute to SOA formation from isoprene oxidation: (1) the reactive uptake of isoprene-derived epoxides on acidic or aqueous particle surfaces and (2) the absorptive gas–particle partitioning of low-volatility oxidation products. In this study, we developed a new multiphase condensed isoprene oxidation mechanism that includes these processes with key molecular intermediates and products. The new mechanism was applied to simulate isoprene gas-phase oxidation products and SOA formation from previously published chamber experiments under a variety of conditions and atmospheric observations during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Studies (SOAS) field campaign. Our results show that SOA formation from most of the chamber experiments is reasonably reproduced using our mechanism, except when the concentration ratios of initial nitric oxide to isoprene exceed ∼ 2, the formed SOA is significantly underpredicted. The SOAS simulations also reasonably agree with the measurements regarding the diurnal pattern and concentrations of different product categories, while the total isoprene SOA remains underestimated. The molecular compositions of the modeled SOA indicate that multifunctional low-volatility products contribute to isoprene SOA more significantly than previously thought, with a median mass contribution of ∼ 57 % to the total modeled isoprene SOA. However, this contribution is intricately intertwined with IEPOX-derived SOA (IEPOX: isoprene-derived epoxydiols), posing challenges for their differentiation using bulk aerosol composition analysis (e.g., the aerosol mass spectrometer with positive matrix factorization). Furthermore, the SOA from these pathways may vary greatly, mainly dependent on the volatility estimation and treatment of particle-phase processes (i.e., photolysis and hydrolysis). Our findings emphasize that the various pathways to produce these low-volatility species should be considered in models to more accurately predict isoprene SOA formation. The new condensed isoprene chemical mechanism can be further incorporated into regional-scale air quality models, such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modelling System (CMAQ), to assess isoprene SOA formation on a larger scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein self-assembly has attracted extensive interest in the field of biomaterials and biomedicine due to its inherent biocompatibility and flexible designability. In this paper, we propose a potential route to generate a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform through Sn-triggered protein self-assembly. Specifically, Sn2+ ion was used to trigger the self-assembly of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form in situ Sn/BSA film on the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. Then, a CdS thin film as a PEC active material was electrodeposited on the Sn/BSA modified ITO electrode. The hybrid Sn/BSA film was demonstrated to stabilize the PEC response of the CdS. A dual-electrode PEC cell comprised a graphene oxide (GO)-modified photocathode and a Sn/BSA hybrid film/CdS-loaded photoanode. Pb2+-response deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) were hybridized with the substrate strands tagged with Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) and then immobilized on the photocathode. Upon Pb2+-induced cleavage, Au NP-linked oligonucleotide fragment dislocated from the photocathode surface, resulting in a decrease in the PEC response. The present PEC biosensor showed highly sensitive detection of Pb2+ with a wide detection range from 10.0 fM to 0.1 μM and a low detection limit of 4.0 fM. This work demonstrates that the Sn/BSA hybrid film has potential application prospects in PEC sensing, thereby providing a new way of thinking for the design and development of the bioinspired biosensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) ranks first among female malignant tumors and involves hormonal changes and genetic as well as environmental risk factors. In recent years, with the improvement of medical treatment, a variety of therapeutic approaches for breast cancer have emerged and have strengthened to accommodate molecular diversity. However, the primary way to improve the effective treatment of breast cancer patients is to overcome treatment resistance. Recent studies have provided insights into the mechanisms of resistance to exosome effects in BC. Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by both healthy and malignant cells that facilitate intercellular communication. Specifically, exosomes released by tumor cells transport their contents to recipient cells, altering their properties and promoting oncogenic components, ultimately resulting in drug resistance. As important coordinators, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in this process and are aberrantly expressed in various human cancers. Exosome-derived ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have emerged as crucial components in understanding drug resistance in breast cancer. This review provides insights into the mechanism of exosome-derived ncRNAs in breast cancer drug resistance, thereby suggesting new strategies for the treatment of BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between fig wasps and their host fig trees (Ficus spp.) is a striking example of an obligate pollination mutualism. Male and female fig wasps are confined within their natal patch instead of panmictic; under this circumstance, mating only occurs between individuals of the same patch. This is known as a local mate competition (LMC). It pays foundresses to invest mainly in daughters and to only produce enough sons to ensure that all female offspring can be fertilized, but in nature, pollinating fig wasps may face many problems with host quality, such as limitation of oviposition sites and the nutrition deficiency of the host fig. The sex ratio of wasps can determine the stability of fig–fig wasp mutualistic system and, thus, the stability of other species associated with it. In this study, we controlled the quality of host figs in three ways. The results showed that the host fig age can influence the sex ratio of pollinator offspring, while the foundress numbers and the presence of pollen have no significant effect on it. A compelling explanation for this result is that the sex-dependent mortality occurs. This is a novel finding of how host quality influences the interaction of fig and fig wasps, which can also help us understand the evolution and stability mechanism of this symbiotic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the supervision problems caused by high-cost and low-quality labeling in information extraction, we provided a detailed overview of the various approaches that were proposed to solve the sub-tasks of bootstrapping information extraction. We summarized current principal approaches and depicted the specific issues addressed in recent research. To provide inspiration and reference for similar studies in terms of mainstream data sources, evaluation specifications and applications, we summarized the relevant datasets, evaluation metrics, and systematic applications of bootstrapping information extraction. In addition, we reflected on the remaining problems of bootstrapping information extraction and highlighted some directions for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the trajectory, influencing factors and dynamic relationships between fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and quality of life (QOL) in lung cancer patients. Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Methods: Longitudinal data from 310 lung cancer patients across three hospitals in China were assessed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively (T1–T4). Descriptive statistics characterised patient demographics, clinical characteristics, levels of FCR and QOL. A linear mixed‐effects model was employed to analyse FCR trajectories, identify influencing factors on these trajectories, and predict the impact of FCR on QOL. Results: FCR changed significantly over time, with a slight decrease during T1–T2, an increase at T3 and gradual decline at T4. Higher fear levels were associated with female sex, suburban or rural residency, being a family breadwinner, presence of comorbidities and negative coping behaviours, and low family resilience. QOL negatively correlated with FCR, and FCR predicted lower QOL. Conclusions: At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, lung cancer patients, especially women, suburban or rural residents, family breadwinners, those with comorbidities, negative coping behaviours and low family resilience, reported high levels of FCR. Healthcare providers should pay special attention to lung cancer patients especially during the period of 3–6 months post‐surgery and offer tailored interventions to improve their QOL. Implications for the Profession and Patient Care: Understanding the FCR trajectories, its influencing factors and its negative impacts on QOL can guide the development of targeted interventions to reduce fear and enhance well‐being in patients with cancer. Impact: Identifying the trajectories and influencing factors of fear of lung cancer recurrence in patients at different time points informs future research on targeted interventions to improve QOL. Reporting Method: The study adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Statement on Reporting Observational Longitudinal Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing HPV-associated cancers; however, HPV vaccination uptake is low among Chinese students studying at U.S. colleges. The purposes of this study were to evaluate (a) perceived barriers and influential others trusted for advice regarding HPV vaccination and (b) factors (i.e. HPV vaccination, acculturation) related to barriers and influential advisors among 18- to 26-year-old Chinese students attending U.S. colleges. We used a cross-sectional design to obtain self-reported data in 2019 from a chain-referral sample of 213 Chinese students. Among 125 respondents who were unvaccinated or partially vaccinated, the reported barriers to receiving the HPV vaccine included: (a) lack of recommendations from a healthcare provider, (b) lack of risk perception for HPV infection, and (c) limited knowledge about HPV vaccination locations. The influential advisors for receiving HPV vaccination were doctors, parents, self, nurses, and same-sex friends. Multivariate analysis revealed that unvaccinated respondents were more likely to report the following barriers to HPV vaccination: (a) lack of recommendations from a healthcare provider, (b) lack of risk perception for HPV infection, (c) limited knowledge about vaccination locations, and (d) uncertainty about effectiveness. High Asian identified respondents were more likely to perceive barriers related to limited knowledge about vaccination locations and uncertainty about effectiveness, while they were less likely to state nurses as influential advisors. Individuals who received one or more HPV vaccine doses were more inclined to view same-sex friends and nurses as influential advisors for HPV vaccination. The influence of culture on preferences for information sources, such as specific providers and provider gender, needs to be addressed. Programs designed to decrease barriers and improve HPV vaccination among Chinese students should also focus on acculturation status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Family resilience helps cancer-affected families overcome challenges and may influence an individual's fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Identifying distinct classes of family resilience among lung cancer patients is crucial for tailored interventions. This study aimed to identify latent classes of family resilience in lung cancer patients and explore their relationships with FCR. Methods: Three hundred ten lung cancer patients from three hospitals in Fujian were recruited from June to September 2021. Clinical data were extracted from medical records, while sociodemographic details, family resilience, and FCR were self-reported. A latent class analysis was performed to identify family resilience classes. Results: A 4-class solution showed the best fit. Compared to Class 1, the patients who had no comorbidities (ORs = 3.480–16.005) had an increased likelihood of belonging to Class 2 and 3, while those who were not family breadwinners (ORs = 0.118–0.176) had a decreased likelihood. Further, the patients who (1) did not lack interest/pleasure in doing things during the past 2-week period (OR = 7.057), (2) were never smokers (OR = 6.230), and (3) were urban residents (OR = 8.985) had an increased likelihood of belonging to Class 4, while those who were (1) male (OR = 0.167), (2) not the family breadwinner (OR = 0.152), and (3) had none or only one child (OR = 0.203) had a decreased likelihood of belonging to Class 4. The FCR level differed significantly among these four classes. Conclusion: Our study identified four distinct classes of family resilience among Chinese lung cancer patients. FCR severity decreased with increasing levels of family resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The efficacy and safety of ainuovirine+lamivudine+tenofovir (ANV+3TC+TDF) and efavirenz+lamivudine+tenofovir (EFV+3TC+TDF) have been confirmed in previous clinical trials; however, there are no related studies on patient‐reported outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these 2 antiretroviral therapy regimens and to understand the patient's symptom experience and subjective experience of sleep quality through patient‐reported outcomes. Methods: This is a single‐center prospective cohort study with 243 patients evaluated from October 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. Virological effectiveness and patient‐reported outcomes results were analyzed. The primary endpoint was the proportion of HIV viral load <50 copies/mL (virological suppression rate) at 48 weeks and the changes in the HIV symptom index and Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Results: The virological suppression rates in the ANV+3TC+TDF and EFV+3TC+TDF groups were 83.6% (102/122) and 87.6% (106/121), respectively, at 48 weeks. In the ANV+3TC+TDF group, the scores of HIV symptom index and pittsburgh sleep quality index in the 48th week were lower than the baseline level (p < 0.05). Logistic regression results showed that the baseline regimen EFV+3TC+TDF was a risk factor for dizziness/lightheadedness (odds ratio = 3.153, 95% confidence interval: 1.473–6.748, p = 0.003), sadness/depression odds ratio = 2.404, 95% confidence interval:1.188–4.871, p = 0.015), and difficulty sleeping (odds ratio = 2.802, 95% confidence interval: 1.437–5.463, p = 0.002) at 48 weeks. Conclusions: Both regimens showed good virological effectiveness; however, compared with ANV+3TC+TDF, the EFV+3TC+TDF regimen reduced the prevalence of HIV‐related symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to explore the involvement of interleukins (IL) - IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 - in the evolution and diagnosis of non-alcoholic liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Methods: The study subjects were selected from the patients who visited the Department of Hepatology of X Hospital in Y City from August 2021 to April 2023. Peripheral blood samples were collected. All participants were divided into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatitis, and healthy subjects four groups. IL-21, IL-17, IL23, IL-6 were detected by double antibody sandwich. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 among the 4 groups (P< 0.0001). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values of IL-17, IL-21 and liver fiber 4 items were > 0.70, suggesting that the diagnostic efficacy of IL-17, IL-21 was similar to that of liver fiber 4 items. Spearman correlation analysis showed that IL-17 had a positive correlation with collagen type III N-peptide, type IV collagen, and Laminin (P < 0.05), and no correlation with Hyaluronic acid (P > 0.05). Conclusion: IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 play a pivotal role in the inflammatory pathways associated with liver injuries, establishing themselves as potent auxiliary diagnostic markers in identifying liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A be a commutative noetherian non-positive DG-ring, ̄ an ideal of Ā : = H 0 (A) , and M ∈ D (A). In this paper, we introduce the notion of cohomological dimension of DG-modules and investigate the interplay between cd A ( ̄ , M) : = sup { cd Ā ( ̄ , H n (M)) + n | n ∈ ℤ } and sup R Γ ̄ (M). It is shown that cd A ( ̄ , M) = sup R Γ ̄ (M) for any 0 ≇ M ∈ D f − (A). As an application, we recover a DG-version of Grothendieck's vanishing and non-vanishing theorems for local cohomology. We also study the cohomological dimension of Koszul DG-modules and get some interesting results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malaria-associated acute lung injury (MA-ALI) is a well-recognized clinical complication of severe, complicated malaria that is partly driven by sequestrations of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) on lung postcapillary induced impaired blood flow. In earlier studies the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel emerged as a regulator of mechanical stimuli, but the function and underlying mechanism of Piezo1 impacting MA-ALI severity via sensing the impaired pulmonary blood flow are still not fully elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the role of Piezo1 in the severity of murine MA-ALI. Methods: Here, we utilized a widely accepted murine model of MA-ALI using C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection and then added a Piezo1 inhibitor (GsMTx4) to the model. The iRBC-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages in vitro were also targeted with GsMTx4 to further explore the potential mechanism. Results: Our data showed an elevation in the expression of Piezo1 and number of Piezo1+-CD68+ macrophages in lung tissues of the experimental MA-ALI mice. Compared to the infected control mice, the blockage of Piezo1 with GsMTx4 dramatically improved the survival rate but decreased body weight loss, peripheral blood parasitemia/lung parasite burden, experimental cerebral malaria incidence, total protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung wet/dry weight ratio, vascular leakage, pathological damage, apoptosis and number of CD68+ and CD86+ macrophages in lung tissues. This was accompanied by a dramatic increase in the number of CD206+ macrophages (M2-like subtype), upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-4 and IL-10) and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α and IL-1β). In addition, GsMTx4 treatment remarkably decreased pulmonary intracellular iron accumulation, protein level of 4-HNE (an activator of ferroptosis) and the number of CD68+-Piezo1+ and CD68+-4-HNE+ macrophages but significantly increased protein levels of GPX4 (an inhibitor of ferroptosis) in experimental MA-ALI mice. Similarly, in vitro study showed that the administration of GsMTx4 led to a remarkable elevation in the mRNA levels of CD206, IL-4, IL-10 and GPX-4 but to a substantial decline in CD86, TNF-α, IL-1β and 4-HNE in the iRBC-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that blockage of Piezo1 with GsMTx4 alleviated the severity of experimental MA-ALI in mice partly by triggering pulmonary macrophage M2 polarization and subsequent anti-inflammatory responses but inhibited apoptosis and ferroptosis in lung tissue. Our data suggested that targeting Piezo1 in macrophages could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating MA-ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has been histologically recognized for decades. In this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis to quantitatively analyze the clusters of keywords of BMAT and hematopoiesis to better understand BMAT and hematopoiesis. Starting with conclusive keywords, our results demonstrated that BMAds is distinct from extramedullary adipose tissues and maintains a routine but dynamic accumulation throughout an individual's life. Various pathophysiological factors take part in dysregulation of the adipose‐osteogenic balance throughout life. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) are also contradictorily involved in normal hematopoiesis, and positively participate in the occurrence and progression of hematologic malignancies, exerting a chemoprotective role in tumor treatment. Mechanically, metabolic reprogramming and abnormal secretory profile of BMAds and tumor cells play a critical role in the chemotherapy resistance. Overall, we hope that this work will provide new ideas for relevant future research on BMAds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the fluidization characteristics of soybean particles under different wind speeds and improve quick freezing efficiency, the motion equations of solid particles was given based on the Euler-Lagrange method, and the gas-solid coupling simulation of soybean particles at different wind speeds was carried out using Fluent and Rocky particle simulation software. The simulation results show that the initial fluidization velocity of soybean at an initial stacking height of 100 mm is about 2.0 m/s. During the fluidization process, bubbles rapidly form, expand, and then rupture in the edge and center areas of the bed, accompanied by a small amount of particle ejection; Both the pressure drop and bed height exhibit periodic fluctuations. After entering the fluidized state, the bed height is positively correlated with the inlet wind speed. The optimal fluidization wind speed is 2.6 m/s. This study provides a theoretical basis for food fluidization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate detection of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (f-ILD) is conducive to early intervention. Our aim was to develop a lung graph-based machine learning model to identify f-ILD. A total of 417 HRCTs from 279 patients with confirmed ILD (156 f-ILD and 123 non-f-ILD) were included in this study. A lung graph-based machine learning model based on HRCT was developed for aiding clinician to diagnose f-ILD. In this approach, local radiomics features were extracted from an automatically generated geometric atlas of the lung and used to build a series of specific lung graph models. Encoding these lung graphs, a lung descriptor was gained and became as a characterization of global radiomics feature distribution to diagnose f-ILD. The Weighted Ensemble model showed the best predictive performance in cross-validation. The classification accuracy of the model was significantly higher than that of the three radiologists at both the CT sequence level and the patient level. At the patient level, the diagnostic accuracy of the model versus radiologists A, B, and C was 0.986 (95% CI 0.959 to 1.000), 0.918 (95% CI 0.849 to 0.973), 0.822 (95% CI 0.726 to 0.904), and 0.904 (95% CI 0.836 to 0.973), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in AUC values between the model and 3 physicians (p < 0.05). The lung graph-based machine learning model could identify f-ILD, and the diagnostic performance exceeded radiologists which could aid clinicians to assess ILD objectively. Given a sequence of HRCT slices from a patient, the lung field is first automatically extracted. Next, this lung region is divided into 36 sub-regions using geometric rules, obtaining a lung atlas. And then, the lung graph is built based on 3D radiomics features of each sub-region of the lung atlas. Finally, the model's predictions were compared to the physicians' assessment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the article is to better understand cosupport in triangulated categories since it is still quite mysterious. We study boundedness of local cohomology and local homology functors using Koszul objects, give some characterizations of cosupport, and get some results that, in special cases, recover and generalize the known results about the usual cosupport. Additionally, we include some computations of cosupport and provide a comparison of support and cosupport for cohomologically finite objects. Finally, we assign to any object of the category a subset of $\mathrm {Spec}R$ , called the big cosupport, and study some of its properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess lung deformation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using with elastic registration algorithm applied to three-dimensional ultrashort echo time (3D-UTE) MRI and analyze relationship of lung deformation with the severity of IPF. Methods: Seventy-six patients with IPF (mean age: 62 ± 6 years) and 62 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age: 58 ± 4 years) were prospectively enrolled. End-inspiration and end-expiration images acquired with a single breath-hold 3D-UTE sequence were registered using elastic registration algorithm. Jacobian determinants were calculated from deformation fields and represented on color maps. Jac-mean (absolute value of the log means of Jacobian determinants) and the Dice similarity coefficient (Dice) were compared between different groups. Results: Compared with healthy controls, the Jac-mean of IPF patients significantly decreased (0.21 ± 0.08 vs. 0.27 ± 0. 07, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the Jac-mean and Dice correlated with the metrics of pulmonary function tests and the composite physiological index. The lung deformation in IPF patients with dyspnea Medical Research Council (MRC) ≥ 3 (Jac-mean: 0.16 ± 0.03; Dice: 0.06 ± 0.02) was significantly lower than MRC1 (Jac-mean: 0. 25 ± 0.03, p < 0.001; Dice: 0.10 ± 0.01, p < 0.001) and MRC 2 (Jac-mean: 0.22 ± 0.11, p = 0.001; Dice: 0.08 ± 0.03, p = 0.006). Meanwhile, Jac-mean and Dice correlated with health-related quality of life, 6 min-walk distance, and the extent of pulmonary fibrosis. Jac-mean correlated with pulmonary vascular-related indexes on high-resolution CT. Conclusion: The decreased lung deformation in IPF patients correlated with the clinical severity of IPF patients. Elastic registration of inspiratory-to-expiratory 3D UTE MRI may be a new morphological and functional marker for non-radiation and noninvasive evaluation of IPF. Critical relevance statement: This prospective study demonstrated that lung deformation decreased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and correlated with the severity of IPF. Elastic registration of inspiratory-to-expiratory three-dimensional ultrashort echo time (3D UTE) MRI may be a new morphological and functional marker for non-radiation and noninvasive evaluation of IPF. Key points: • Elastic registration of inspiratory-to-expiratory three-dimensional ultrashort echo time (3D UTE) MRI could evaluate lung deformation. • Lung deformation significantly decreased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, compared with the healthy controls. • Reduced lung deformation of IPF patients correlated with worsened pulmonary function and the composite physiological index (CPI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isoprene has the largest global non-methane hydrocarbon emission, and the oxidation of isoprene plays a crucial role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Two primary processes are known to contribute to SOA formation from isoprene oxidation: (1) the reactive uptake of isoprene-derived epoxides on acidic or aqueous particle surfaces and (2) the absorptive gas-particle partitioning of low-volatility oxidation products. In this study, we developed a new multiphase condensed isoprene oxidation mechanism that include these processes with key molecular intermediates and products. The new mechanism was applied to simulate isoprene gas-phase oxidation products and SOA formation from previously published chamber experiments under a variety of conditions and atmospheric observations during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Studies (SOAS) field campaign. Our results show that SOA formation from most of the chamber experiments is reasonably reproduced using our mechanism except when the concentration ratios of initial nitric oxide to isoprene exceeds ~2. The SOAS simulations also reasonably agree with the measurements regarding the diurnal pattern and concentrations of different product categories. The molecular compositions of the modelled SOA indicate that multifunctional low-volatility products contribute to isoprene SOA more significantly than previously thought, with a median mass contribution of ~57 % to the total modelled isoprene SOA. This contribution, however, may vary greatly, mainly dependent on the volatility estimation and treatment of particle-phase processes (i.e., photolysis and hydrolysis). Our findings emphasize that the various pathways to produce these low-volatility species should be considered in models to more accurately predict isoprene SOA formation. The new condensed isoprene chemical mechanism can be further incorporated into regional-scale air quality models, such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modelling System (CMAQ), to assess isoprene SOA formation on a larger scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphologic features, and PCOS is associated with infertility. PH domain Leucine-rich repeat Protein Phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) has been shown to regulate AKT. The aim of present study is to investigate the role of PHLPP1 in PCOS. Methods: The expression levels of PHLPP1 in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated human ovarian granular KGN cells were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. PHLPP1 was silenced or overexpressed using lentivirus. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. Apoptosis and ROS generation were analyzed by flow cytometry. Glycolysis was analyzed by measuring extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Results: DHT treatment suppressed proliferation, promoted apoptosis, enhanced ROS, and inhibited glycolysis in KGN cells. PHLPP1 silencing alleviated the DHT-induced suppression of proliferation and glycolysis, and promotion of apoptosis and ROS in KGN cells. PHLPP1 regulated cell proliferation and glycolysis in human KGN cells via the AKT signaling pathway. Conclusions: Our results showed that PHLPP1 mediates the proliferation and aerobic glycolysis activity of human ovarian granular cells through regulating AKT signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steady-state interfacial waves under two-dimensional (2D) type-A exact triad resonance and other related resonances are researched in a two-layer liquid model with a free surface in contact with air. Five groups (groups 1–5) of convergent series solutions are achieved via the homotopy analysis method. It is found that the phenomenon of double exact resonance could exist in periodic interfacial waves if physical parameters correspond to the intersection of two exact resonance curves. The double exact resonance considered here contains a 2D type-A triad resonance and an other resonance. Under the 2D type-A exact triad resonance, the other resonant triad could obviously enlarge or reduce the wave amplitudes and energy proportions of primary and resonant components. Nevertheless, other resonant quartet, quintet, sextet, and septet all produce no influence on interfacial waves when the 2D type-A exact triad resonance occurs. The above-mentioned results indicate that in the neighborhood of the double exact triad resonance, small perturbations of wave vector of a primary component can cause huge changes on wave profiles of free surface and interface, wave amplitude spectrum, and energy distribution of internal waves in real ocean. In addition, the closer the interfacial waves are to the double exact triad resonance, the more possible energy combinations exist in the wave system, and the greater the number of steady-state interfacial wave solutions. All of this should deepen our understanding of nonlinear resonance interactions in short-crested internal waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The invasion of toxic weeds was detrimental to the growth of original vegetation and speed up the degraded grasslands. The purpose of this study was to explore the difference in microbial community, soil physicochemical properties, and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere of Stellera chamaejasme and its associated forages (Stipa purpurea and Polygonum viviparum). The rhizosphere soil microbial communities of S. chamaejasme and its associated forages were determined by high-throughput sequencing technology, the physicochemical properties, and enzyme activities were also measured using soil chemical methods. We performed biological statistical analyses to explore the correlation of rhizosphere micro-ecological environment between the invading poisonous herb S. chamaejasme and its associated forages. The Ascomycota community in the rhizosphere soil of S. chamaejasme was significantly decreased when compared with its associated forages. S. chamaejasme and S. purpurea had a similar bacterial composition, while the rhizosphere of P. viviparum was associated with more Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The RDA analysis showed S. chamaejasme had highly correlated with acid proteinase, invertase, polyphenol oxidase, cellulose, and neutral protease and S. purpurea had highly associated with N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, β-D-Glucosidase, and the P. viviparum had highly associated with total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, soil organic matter, pH, acid phosphatase, and catalase. Along with the invasion of S. chamaejasme, the microbial composition, soil physicochemical properties, and enzyme activity of the growing area changed considerably compared with the associated forages. Taken together, our results suggested that the composition and diversity of microbial communities associated with S. chamaejasme and its associated forages exhibited different patterns, and the rhizosphere soil microbial communities in different plants were regulated by different environmental factors in this alpine grassland ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let (R , m) be a commutative noetherian local ring with m -adic topology, I an ideal of R. We investigate coartinianness of Ext and Tor , show that the R-module Ext R i (N , M) is I-coartinian if M is a linearly compact I-coartinian R-module and N is an I-cofinite R-module of dimension at most 1; the R-module Tor i R (N , M) is I-coartinian in the case M is semi-discrete linearly compact I-coartinian and N is finitely generated with dimension at most 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The karst water system is a dynamic system controlled by the degree of karst development and the underlying geological conditions. It constantly evolves with changes in climate, human activities, and many other factors. As one of the main driving forces of environmental change, human activities have caused the change at the rate and intensity far exceeding that of natural succession in a short period of time. The environmental effects and induced hydrogeological problems resulting from human activities are extremely difficult to distinguish and quantify, and hence have been the working focus of local governments and scholars at home and abroad. The Lijiang basin is a typical covered and semi-covered karst water system developed in the strong uplift zone of the late Cenozoic crust, which has given birth to the Heilongtan spring, the Xiguanlongtan spring, the Jiudinglongtan spring and other karst springs (spring groups). These springs are not only important water sources for Lijiang City, but also the city's highlights of tourism resources. Among them, the Heilongtan groundwater system is the most important karst water subsystem in the groundwater system of the Lijiang basin. However, the primary discharge point of this system, the Heilongtan spring, has currently experienced a significant reduction in flow and increasing intermittent drying up, which have become important factors restricting local economic and social development. Based on the comprehensive analysis of data over the past 70 years, the investigation of hydrogeological conditions in the Lijiang basin area, and the dynamic monitoring of the Heilongtan groundwater system, we quantitatively evaluated the dynamic flow change of and its influencing factors on the Heilongtan groundwater system with the method of water equilibrium. Fully considering the impact of human engineering activities in socioeconomic development, we summarized factors for the drying-up of the Heilongtan groundwater system as follows. (1) From 1951 to 1990, human engineering activities that replaced and reduced regional vegetation increased natural evaporation capacity and continuously increased evaporative discharge by 10,827,400 m³, accounting for 87.00% of the total decrease in the resources of the Heilongtan groundwater system (12,445,400 m³). This is the main reason for the drying-up probability and the increasing span of Heilongtan spring. (2) From 1991 to 2018, with the recovery of vegetation, the evaporative discharge continuously decreased by 18,303,400 m³, compared with that in the 1980s, which was beneficial to the recovery of Heilongtan spring. However, the factors such as human mining, leakage from the surface river system, and urban development and rereconstruction have caused a total decrease of groundwater resources by 50,586,900 m³, which is unfavorable to the recovery of the Heilongtan spring and is also the cause for its drying up. Among these causes, urbanization and human groundwater extraction reduced groundwater resources by 45,805,200 m³, which accounted for 90.54% of the overall decrease and was another primary cause of the drying-up. According to the change of influencing factors of the Heilongtan spring in recent years, the future changes of its flow predicted by the method of water equilibrium shows that: (1) From 2021 to 2030, the Heilongtan spring will change into a seasonal spring and become drying up during median water year and low flow year. (2) After 2030, the Heilongtan spring groups will remain drying up for a considerable amount of time with a very slim chance of reproduction. This study research can serve as a foundation for the dynamic recovery of Heilongtan groundwater, and the development and environmental protection of the groundwater resources in the urban area of Lijiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helical piles are a new type of pile that has good application prospects, and researchers have carried out an in-depth investigation into their vertical uplift and compressive bearing capacity. However, there is relatively little research on the dynamic bearing characteristics of helical piles. Therefore, the lateral vibration of a helical pile embedded in the viscoelastic foundation is systematically studied in this article. Utilizing the equivalent stiffness method to transform a helical pile into a cylindrical pile of special diameter, the lateral vibration model of the helical pile considering shear deformation is established based on the Winkler foundation model and the Timoshenko beam theory. The analytical solutions for the lateral dynamic displacement, bending moment, and shear force of the helical pile are strictly derived, and the rationality of the present solutions is also verified by comparing them with existing solutions. Based on the present solutions, a parametric study is carried out to investigate the influence of the pile and soil properties on the lateral dynamic response of the helical pile. It is found that the load excitation frequency and pile–soil stiffness ratio have a significant influence on the lateral dynamic displacement, bending moment, and shear force of the helical pile with space and time response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carotenoids, as natural tetraterpenes, play a pivotal role in the yellow coloration of peaches and contribute to human dietary health. Despite a relatively clear understanding of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs involved in carotenoid synthesis in yellow peaches remain poorly elucidated. This study investigated a total of 14 carotenoids and 40 xanthophyll lipids, including six differentially accumulated carotenoids: violaxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, and (E/Z)-phytoene. An integrated analysis of RNA-seq, miRNA-seq and degradome sequencing revealed that miRNAs could modulate structural genes such as PSY2, CRTISO, ZDS1, CHYB, VDE, ZEP, NCED1, NCED3 and the transcription factors NAC, ARF, WRKY, MYB, and bZIP, thereby participating in carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolism. The authenticity of miRNAs and target gene was corroborated through quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, through weighted gene coexpression network analysis and a phylogenetic evolutionary study, coexpressed genes and MYB transcription factors potentially implicated in carotenoid synthesis were identified. The results of transient expression experiments indicated that mdm-miR858 inhibited the expression of PpMYB9 through targeted cleavage. Building upon these findings, a regulatory network governing miRNA-mediated carotenoid synthesis was proposed. In summary, this study comprehensively identified miRNAs engaged in carotenoid biosynthesis and their putative target genes, thus enhancing the understanding of carotenoid accumulation and regulatory mechanism in yellow peach peel and expanding the gene regulatory network of carotenoid synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) are well tolerated and effective in clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these two schemes in a real-world setting and to obtain the first dataset for switching to BIC/FTC/TAF and DTG + 3TC in a Chinese population. Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study in China included participants who switched to DTG + 3TC or BIC/FTC/TAF between January 2020 and February 2023. The main endpoint was the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA levels of ≥ 50 copies/mL. Safety, tolerance, and the incidence of low-level viremia (LLV) were evaluated. Results: A total of 525 participants were included, 454 of whom were included in the PP analysis. At week 48, the proportions of participants with HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL were 4.4% (10/225) for DTG + 3TC and 6.1% (14/229) for BIC/FTC/TAF; virological efficacy did not differ significantly between the two groups. Consistent results were obtained in an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The incidences of LLV were 3.6% (7/193) and 4.9% (10/206), respectively. During the study, none of the participants stopped taking drugs because of a lack of efficacy or adverse reactions. Conclusions: Both regimens are well tolerated and effective for switching HIV-1 infection therapy. However, the detection of genotypic drug resistance should be considered when baseline virological non-suppression is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In order to improve the efficiency of orthokeratology (OK) lens fitting and predict the axial length after 1 year of OK lens wear, machine learning models were proposed. Methods: Clinical data from 1302 myopic subjects were collected retrospectively, and two machine learning models were implemented. Demographic and corneal topographic data were collected as input variables. The output variables were the parameters of the OK lens and the axial length after 1 year. Eighty percent of input variables was used as the training set and the remaining 20% was used as the validation set. The first alignment curve (AC1) of the OK lenses, deduced using machine learning models and formula calculation, were compared. Multiple regression models (support vector machine, Gaussian process, decision tree and random forest) were used to predict the axial length after 1 year. In addition, we classified data based on lens brand, and carried out more detailed parameter fitting and analysis for spherical and toric OK lenses. Results: The OK lens fitting model showed higher (R2 = 0.93) and lower errors (mean absolute error [MAE] = 0.19, mean square error [MSE] = 0.09) when predicting AC1, compared with the formula calculation (R2 = 0.66, MAE = 0.44, MSE = 0.25). The machine learning model still had high R2 values ranging from 0.91 to 0.96 when considering the brand and design of the OK lenses. Further, the R2 value for the axial length prediction model was 0.94, which indicated that the machine learning model had high accuracy and good robustness. Conclusion: The OK lens fitting model and the axial length prediction model played an important role in guiding OK lens fitting, with high accuracy and robustness in prediction performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mining process involves many complex problems, which are easy to cause environmental pollution and safety. The comprehensive geophysical exploration method combined with drilling method is used to carry out fine exploration of goaf. Firstly, the high density resistivity method was carried out, the data was collected by Wenner device, and the sudden change characteristics of apparent resistivity presented in the profile map of the goaf were summarized. The first-order derivative method was proposed to process the data, which was easier to distinguish the goaf boundary and scope. Transient electromagnetic method and microtremor detection were used to deduce the goaf by high-density electrical method for measurement. The transmitting current of 15A was used in TEM, the fretting detection was a linear acquisition method, and the dispersion curve was extracted by ESPAC method. Through the comprehensive detection of multiple methods, the apparent resistivity mutation area and wave velocity change area are the mined-out range. The acceptance of goaf has been carried out by several borehole verification, and good practical results have been obtained. The research results show that the high density resistivity method, transient electromagnetic method, microtremor detection and other comprehensive geophysical exploration methods can be used to identify the goaf abnormal area, which can be efficient, economical and accurate detection of goaf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]