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Background: The prevalence of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is high and there is currently no easy way to detect early HHD. Explore the application of radiomics using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) non-enhanced cine sequences in diagnosing HHD and latent cardiac changes caused by hypertension. Methods: 132 patients who underwent CMR scanning were divided into groups: HHD (42), hypertension with normal cardiac structure and function (HWN) group (46), and normal control (NOR) group (44). Myocardial regions of the end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) phases of the CMR short-axis cine sequence images were segmented into regions of interest (ROI). Three feature subsets (ED, ES, and ED combined with ES) were established after radiomic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator feature selection. Nine radiomic models were built using random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and naive Bayes. Model performance was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves, and metrics like accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), precision, recall, and specificity. Results: The feature subsets included first-order, shape, and texture features. SVM of ED combined with ES achieved the highest accuracy (0.833), with a macro-average AUC of 0.941. AUCs for HHD, HWN, and NOR identification were 0.967, 0.876, and 0.963, respectively. Precisions were 0.972, 0.740, and 0.826; recalls were 0.833, 0.804, and 0.863, respectively; and specificities were 0.989, 0.863, and 0.909, respectively. Conclusions: Radiomics technology using CMR non-enhanced cine sequences can detect early cardiac changes due to hypertension. It holds promise for future use in screening for latent cardiac damage in early HHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) is a crucial application of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) in vehicular networks. In VEC networks, the computation tasks of vehicle terminals (VTs) can be offloaded to nearby MEC servers, overcoming the limitations of VTs' processing power and reducing latency caused by distant cloud communication. However, a mismatch between VTs' demanding tasks and MEC servers' limited resources can overload MEC servers, impacting Quality of Service (QoS) for computationally intensive tasks. Additionally, vehicle mobility can disrupt communication with static MEC servers, further affecting VTs' QoS. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a vehicle collaborative partial computation offloading model. This model allows VTs to offload tasks to two types of service nodes: collaborative vehicles and MEC servers. Factors like a vehicle's mobility, remaining battery power, and available computational power are also considered when evaluating its suitability for collaborative offloading. Furthermore, we design a deep reinforcement learning-based strategy for collaborative partial computation offloading that minimizes overall task delay while meeting individual latency constraints. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditional approaches without vehicle collaboration, this scheme significantly reduces latency and achieves a significant reduction (around 2%) in the failure rate under tighter latency constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing preference for incorporating microbial aspartic proteases in industries is due to their high catalytic function and high degree of substrate selectivity. These properties, however, are attributable to molecular alterations in their structure and a variety of other characteristics. Molecular tools, functional genomics, and genome editing technologies coupled with other biotechnological approaches have aided in improving the potential of industrially important microbial proteases by addressing some of their major limitations, such as: low catalytic efficiency, low conversion rates, low thermostability, and less enzyme yield. However, the native folding within their full domain is dependent on a surrounding structure which challenges their functionality in substrate conversion, mainly due to their mutual interactions in the context of complex systems. Hence, manipulating their structure and controlling their expression systems could potentially produce enzymes with high selectivity and catalytic functions. The proteins produced by microbial aspartic proteases are industrially capable and far-reaching in regulating certain harmful distinctive industrial processes and the benefits of being eco-friendly. This review provides: an update on current trends and gaps in microbial protease biotechnology, exploring the relevant recombinant strategies and molecular technologies widely used in expression platforms for engineering microbial aspartic proteases, as well as their potential industrial and biotechnological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terraced slopes are widely used in the Loess Plateau to control gully erosion, yet their potential to induce new erosion patterns remains overlooked. Here we used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to obtain centimeter‐resolution digital surface models (DSMs) and derived hydrological networks, slopes, aspects, and curvatures of the terraced slopes. Our analysis reveals terraces disrupted natural water pathways, spurring new rill formations during each rainy season—a process neglected by models. Intriguingly, despite gentler gradients, terraced slopes exhibited higher erosion rates than steeper gullies, with widespread rills on terrace ridges. Vegetation‐induced deposition surpassed erosion by 1.52 times, but moisture evaporation on sunny slopes limited plant growth and enhanced erosion. We propose targeted strategies tailored to these erosion mechanisms, including terrace redesign, runoff diversion, slope strengthening, and suitable vegetation, advancing sustainable land management. However, this study faces limitations due to the reliance on drone photogrammetry, which may be influenced by environmental factors like varying solar angles and vegetation growth, and the lack of extensive field validation to support the UAV‐derived data. Our study spotlights drone photogrammetry's potential for elucidating complex erosion dynamics on terraced slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Approximately 20% of patients with type I endometrial cancer (EC) of the uterus experience recurrence and metastasis. However, existing data do not provide sufficient evidence for the utility of protein levels as prognostic biomarkers in type I EC. This study aims to determine whether epiplakin1 (EPPK1) and progesterone receptor (PR) play a role in the recurrence and metastasis of type I EC. Methods: Following the Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) for assessing the quality of biomarker research results, a retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information and tissue samples of type I EC patients. Protein expression data and clinical data for type I EC were downloaded from The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) database. We utilized the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to evaluate whether epiplakin1 (EPPK1), progesterone receptor (PR) and certain clinical parameters can serve as independent prognostic factors. The Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuCellAI) and Cancer Immunome Atlas (TCIA) were employed to predict responses to immunotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to assess the expression of EPPK1 in type I EC. Results: Type I EC patients with high EPPK1 and low PR expression had higher International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, recurrence, and metastasis rates. Furthermore, EPPK1 was identified as an independent prognostic factor, and low expression of EPPK1 was predominantly observed in the POLE ultramutated (POLEmut) group, indicating a favorable prognosis. Additionally, the high EPPK1 expression group had a lower Immune Prognostic Score (IPS), suggesting that the high-expression group may not benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusion: High expression of EPPK1 is an independent prognostic factor in type I EC patients with low PR expression. It can identify a subgroup of patients at high risk of recurrence. A more aggressive treatment approach is recommended for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the properties of 2D defective Mo1.33C MXene, a material that shows promise in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The researchers tested a defect-containing Mo1.33C MXene "paper" and found positive results compared to other MXene and graphene-based materials. The article provides information on the preparation of the MXene and the experimental methods used for characterization and testing. The research suggests that Mo-based defective MXene could have applications in EMI shielding. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To investigate the effects of different polishing methods on the surface microstructure and roughness of teeth following initial periodontal treatment. Methods: Teeth were divided into three groups (silica onegloss, polishing disc, and polishing strip) in vitro. Tooth surface microstructure was characterized via scanning electron microscopy. Roughness was measured by profilometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). According to the in vitro results, one group was chosen for further clinical trials. Effects of the chosen polishing method on patient plaque control and satisfaction were assessed via plaque staining and visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Electron microscopy results revealed that the polishing disc group had smoother roots and crowns than did the other two groups. Roughness analysis revealed that the crown roughness with the polishing disc and silica onegloss was lower, and the root roughness with the polishing disc was the lowest (p <.05) The LSCM results showed that the pigment deposition depth with the polishing disc and silicon onegloss in the crowns and roots were significantly lower than those with the other two methods (p =.000). The polishing effect of the polishing disc was best among the three groups. Clinical trials were performed to verify the polishing disc effects. Plaque staining results showed that the decrease in plaque in the polishing disc group was greater than that of the rubber cup group (p =.020), which was similar to the results of LSCM. The VAS results showed that the polishing disc made teeth feel smoother, similar to the results of the roughness detection, and the procedure was more comfortable (p <.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding foreign body sensation during pronunciation (p =.178). Conclusion: Combining in vitro and in vivo evaluations, the use of a polishing disc following periodontal treatment yielded superior polishing effects on teeth and was better accepted by patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Sound event detection (SED) is of great practical and research significance owing to its wide range of applications. However, due to the heavy reliance on dataset size for task performance, there is often a severe lack of data in real-world scenarios. In this study, an improved mean teacher model is utilized to carry out semi-supervised SED, and a perturbed residual recurrent neural network (P-RRNN) is proposed as the SED network. The residual structure is employed to alleviate the problem of network degradation, and pre-training the improved model on the ImageNet dataset enables it to learn information that is beneficial for event detection, thus improving the performance of SED. In the post-processing stage, a customized median filter group with a specific window length is designed to effectively smooth each type of event and minimize the impact of background noise on detection accuracy. Experimental results conducted on the publicly available Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events 2019 Task 4 dataset demonstrate that the P-RRNN used for SED in this study can effectively enhance the detection capability of the model. The detection system achieves a Macro Event-based F1 score of 38.8% on the validation set and 40.5% on the evaluation set, indicating that the proposed method can adapt to complex and dynamic SED scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote the level of research and practice of ecological restoration of solid waste storage yards in non ferrous metal mining areas in China, and to promote the application of plant screening, configuration, and combined remediation technology in the ecological construction of solid waste storage yards in mining areas, this paper summarizes the history and current status of the development of ecological restoration theory and technology for solid waste storage yards in non ferrous metal mining areas at home and abroad, and focuses on the research status of plant screening, configuration, and microbial combined remediation technology, provides practical examples of the application of ecological restoration technology for solid waste storage yards and proposes prospects for its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li-rich manganese-based cathode materials (LRMs) are considered one of the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their high energy density. However, there are problems such as a capacity decay, poor rate performance, and continuous voltage drop, which seriously limit their large-scale commercial applications. In this work, Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2 coated with Li2MoO4 with a unique spinel structure was prepared with the wet chemistry method and the subsequent calcination process. The Li2MoO4 coating layer with a spinel structure could provide a 3D Li+ transport channel, which is beneficial for improving rate performance, while protecting LRMs from electrolyte corrosion, suppressing interface side reactions, and improving cycling stability. The capacity retention rate of LRMs coated with 3 wt% Li2MoO4 increased from 69.25% to 81.85% after 100 cycles at 1 C, and the voltage attenuation decreased from 7.06 to 4.98 mV per cycle. The lower Rct also exhibited an improved rate performance. The results indicate that the Li2MoO4 coating effectively improves the cyclic stability and electrochemical performance of LRMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between the glucocorticoid‐induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1) gene variant and the degree of improvement in lung function with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang databases to obtain studies on the GLCCI1 rs37973 variant and the efficacy of ICS in asthma. Results: The overall meta‐analysis showed that patients with the GG phenotype (mutant homozygotes) exhibited significantly smaller forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) change than patients with the AG phenotype (mutant heterozygous) (MD = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.12, −0.03], P = 0.001). Compared with the AA phenotype (wild homozygotes), the GG phenotype (MD = −4.23, 95% CI [−6.09, −2.38], P < 0.00001) and AG phenotype (MD = −1.92, 95% CI [−2.35, −1.49], P < 0.00001) had significantly smaller FEV1%pred changes. The FEV1 change subgroup analysis showed that the GG phenotype group was smaller than the AA phenotype group at 8 (MD = −0.53, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.14], P = 0.007), 12 (MD = −0.16, 95% CI [−0.30, −0.02], P = 0.02) and 24 (MD = −0.09, 95% CI [−0.17, −0.01], P = 0.02) weeks of treatment; the GG phenotype group was smaller than the AG phenotype group at 12 weeks (MD = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.15, −0.01], P = 0.02). Conclusion: This meta‐analysis suggests that the GLCCI1 rs37973 variant affects the efficacy of ICS and that the presence of the G allele attenuates the improvement in lung function with ICS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-dimensional graphene-like carbon nitride (g-CN) monolayer decorated with the superatomic cluster NLi4 was studied for reversible hydrogen storage by first-principles calculations. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the g-CN monolayer has good thermal stability at room temperature. The NLi4 is firmly anchored on the g-CN monolayer with a binding energy of −6.35 eV. Electronic charges are transferred from the Li atoms of NLi4 to the g-CN monolayer, mainly due to the hybridization of Li(2s), C(2p), and N(2p) orbitals. Consequently, a spatial local electrostatic field is formed around NLi4, leading to polarization of the adsorbed hydrogen molecules and further enhancing the electrostatic interactions between the Li atoms and hydrogen. Each NLi4 can adsorb nine hydrogen molecules with average adsorption energies between −0.152 eV/H2 and −0.237 eV/H2. This range is within the reversible hydrogen storage energy window. Moreover, the highest achieved gravimetric capacity is up to 9.2 wt%, which is superior to the 5.5 wt% target set by the U.S. Department of Energy. This study shows that g-CN monolayers decorated with NLi4 are a good candidate for reversible hydrogen storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new isoflavones (1 and 2), as well as eight known ones were isolated from the roots of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Compound 1 represents an unprecedented polymerization pattern constructed by isoflavone and cytisine. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, combined with ECD calculations. Compound 1 displayed significant anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activity compared with the positive control ningnanmycin. Moreover, compound 6 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 47.4 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-contrast mechanochromic fluorescence materials are highly appealing due to their potential applications in security, anti-counterfeiting and memory. Considering that polymorphic molecules usually exhibit reversible mechanochromism, we adopted polymorph prediction to predict the potential polymorphs of two D–π–A molecules with the same electron donor but different electron acceptors. The calculation results indicate that the molecule with dicyanomethylene as an acceptor might crystallize in diverse polymorphs with no or intense intermolecular π–π interactions. The obtained three single crystal structures of the compound are well in accordance with the predicted results. The transition between monomers and π-clusters of the molecule could be realized by external stimuli, imparting its high-contrast tricolored mechanochromic property. In addition, its mechanochromic property is temperature-dependent, showing programmed emission change under the united forces. This work provides an effective strategy for the development of high-contrast mechanochromic molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the global well-posedness and large time behavior of solutions for epitaxy thin film growth model in R d with the dimensional d ≥ 3 . First, using the pure energy method and a standard continuity argument, we prove that there exists a unique global strong solution under the condition that the initial data is sufficiently small. Moreover, we also establish the suitable negative Sobolev norm estimates and obtain the optimal decay rates of the higher-order spatial derivatives of the strong solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prefabricated frame–shear wall structure is a major structure in an assembled building. To find a method of connecting a shear wall and columns that can both reduce the amount of wet work required and maintain adequate stiffness, we propose connecting the shear wall to the vertical frame using rectangular concrete-filled steel tube keys (RCFSTKs). Static tests of a cast-in-place frame–shear wall structure without keys and a prefabricated structure with RCFSTKs were conducted to compare their seismic performance. The feasibility of the new method was analyzed. Finite element models were then set up to determine if plain concrete blocks between RCFSTKs could be removed and to identify the influence of different parameters on the cyclic performance of the assembled structure. The results show that the use of RCFSTK is practical. Compared with a dimensionally similar cast-in-place shear wall–column construction, a prefabricated shear wall connected to columns by RCFSTKs has a fuller hysteresis curve, better ductility, slightly higher energy dissipation, and slightly slower degradation of stiffness and bearing capacity. The removal of inter-key concrete blocks significantly reduces bearing capacity and initial stiffness. The cyclic performance of the assembled structure is primarily influenced by the number of RCFSTKs, the thickness of the steel tube key wall, and the axial compression ratio, with less effect from key unit height, steel strength, and concrete grade in RCFSTKs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The load-bearing capacity of a bidirectional laminated slab with shear keys arranged in a rectangular grid (BCSWSK) was investigated to determine its mechanical properties, using load tests on a fabricated laminated slab and finite element models. The shear force distribution across the shear keys was measured and analysed, and the effects of different parameters were identified. The interfaces between the cast bottom slab and the shear keys were strongly bonded, as was the interface between the precast bottom slab and the cast-in-place upper slab, despite it being a secondary concrete pouring. The shear force was distributed similarly along the X direction (columns) and the Y direction (rows) of the shear key arrangement. The shear forces along the Y direction were greater and reached a maximum value sooner, but the differences between columns were mostly less than 10%. A square cross-section is recommended for the shear keys. The number of rows, number of columns, and the cross-sectional area of the shear keys are the main factors influencing the mechanical properties of the composite slab, but as they individually increased, they reached a point at which further increase had little effect. Similarly, after a certain number of shear keys were used, the concrete grade cast in situ, the shear key concrete grade, and the friction coefficient between the precast bottom slab and the cast-in-place upper slab had little influence on the BCSWSK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy, and the prognosis of advanced EC is unsatisfactory. The deregulated expression of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is closely associated with the occurrence and development of cancer. However, the role of RBPs in EC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to validate the prognostic values of RBPs combined with clinical factors. Methods: We downloaded the RNA sequencing and clinical data for EC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. R software was used to identify the differentially expressed RBPs. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to predict the 4 overall survival (OS)-related RBPs. We then constructed a nomogram combining the 4-RBP signature with clinical risk factors to assess the prognostic power. Furthermore, we validated the expression of 4 RBPs in our patient samples using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and explored the effect of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) on EC tumor growth using cell proliferation experiments. Results: It is found that Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS), CIRBP, MRPL15, and CELF4 were significantly related to the prognosis of EC patients. In addition, the nomogram showed better performance in OS predictions than the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. The qRT-PCR results showed that low CIRBP expression was associated with cell proliferation. Conclusions: In our study, we constructed a 4-RBP signature-based nomogram combined with clinical factors in EC that could effectively predict the prognosis of EC patients. The results provide novel insights into the development of treatment targets and prognostic molecular markers in EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By offloading computation tasks, multi-access edge computing (MEC) supports diverse services and reduces delay and energy consumption of mobile devices (MDs). However, limited resources of edge servers may be the bottleneck for task computing in high-density scenarios. To address this challenge, by leveraging the underutilized resources of parked vehicles to execute tasks, we propose a parked vehicle-assisted multi-access edge computing (PV-assisted MEC) architecture, which enables MEC servers to expand their capability flexibly. To achieve efficient offloading, we propose a PV-assisted MEC offloading scheme in a multi-MD environment. We design a game-based distributed algorithm to minimize the overhead of MDs and further reduce the burden on the MEC server. Simulation results show that compared with the common MEC system, our scheme can reduce the burden on the MEC server by 5% and the offloading overhead by 17%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lean NAFLD is a special phenotypic closely correlated with metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of this study is to investigate the MS development and the gender differences in lean NAFLD population. Participants were divided into 4 groups by BMI and NAFLD status. Descriptive analysis was performed to characterize baseline information. A total of 18,395 subjects were participated, and 1524 incident cases of MS were documented. Then, Kaplan–Meier curves were used to present the MS outcomes in different groups, and the NAFLD was found to be a riskier factor than obesity for MS. Subgroup analysis showed significantly higher MS incidence in female than male among lean NAFLD group, which is different from other groups. Although with higher prevalence in male, lean NAFLD seems to be a more harmful phenotype for females according to the TG, ALT and GGT levels. The logistic regressive analysis was performed to show the impact of NAFLD status and BMI changes on MS risk. Lean non-NAFLD subjects merely developed to NAFLD with no BMI status changes exhibited highest MS risk (ORs = 1.879, 95% CI 1.610–2.292) than that with both BMI increase and NAFLD development (ORs = 1.669, 95% CI 1.325–2.104). It also suggests the metabolic specificity of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naringenin is a natural bioactive flavonoid with a wide spectrum of biological activities, including anti-carcinogenic ability. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of naringenin on ovarian cancer (OC) progression. Naringenin was input into PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction databases to predict its targets, and OC-related targets were obtained using MalaCards and GEPIA databases, which were imported into online Venn tool to identify the common targets. B-cell lymphoma-2 like 1 (BCL2L1) expression in OC tissues and cells was detected using GEPIA and HPA databases, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The prognostic and diagnostic values of BCL2L1 in OC were determined using Kaplan–Meier plotter tool and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, respectively. Cell proliferation was evaluated using CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assays. Cell apoptosis was determined using TUNEL and caspase-3 activity assays. Effect of naringenin on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was evaluated by Western blot analysis. BCL2L1 was identified as the candidate target of naringenin against OC. BCL2L1 was upregulated in OC tissues and cells. Naringenin decreased BCL2L1 expression and inactivated the PI3K/Akt pathway in OC cells. Naringenin inhibited cell proliferation and increased the apoptotic rate in OC cells, while these effects were partially abolished by BCL2L1 overexpression and treatment with 740Y-P, a PI3K activator. In conclusion, naringenin exerted an anti-tumor effect on OC progression via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/BCL2L1 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the safety of personnel and providing practical escape routes for potential victims play essential roles in reducing the human vulnerability to site-specific landslides. However, the escape guidelines adopted by government departments and public welfare organizations are vague and unfocused because they ignore the features of individual people and spatial differences among hazard zones. In this paper, a scenario simulation model for quantitatively evaluating the escape behavior and human vulnerability was proposed using a Python platform based on the landslide runout process and hazard zone characteristics. A database that includes detailed information for the hazard zone's demographic structure and behavioral characteristics was established based on sampling surveys and field investigations. The probability values of scenario input parameters such as the escape route and speed were calculated and quantified by classic probability theory. The registered population over 65 years old accounted for 13.46% of the total, and most residents had no more than a primary school education background. Older adults were inclined to escape a moving landslide by running parallel to the sliding direction, although the public considers this direction to be the most dangerous. The exposure time in the hazard zone is 930 to 980 h per hectare during a corn planting year; the model simulation revealed that the cumulative mortality can be significantly reduced by promoting disaster prevention awareness and improving the advance warning time. This research and the developed quantitative human vulnerability framework provide user-friendly disaster prevention rehearsal guidelines and a reference for human disaster mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high-efficiency electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great importance. In this paper, dendrite-free Ni–Cu catalysts were synthesised via one-step pulse electrodeposition under a weak magnetic field (0.5 T). Regardless of the direction of the magnetic field, the ions were affected by the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect, which greatly promoted the mass transfer and dispersion uniformity, and suppressed the uncontrollable agglomeration by electrodeposition. It was found that the nucleation mechanism changed from progressive nucleation under a 0 T magnetic field to instantaneous nucleation under a 0.5 T magnetic field. Large-scale (325 nm, 0 T) dendrite growth on the single-sided plane was successfully suppressed, and replaced by smaller (90 nm, 0.5 T) and uniformly distributed cluster growth around the carbon paper. In addition, the (111) plane was strengthened by the magnetic field. Electrochemical analysis showed that the Ni–Cu catalysts exposed more surface area and exhibited greatly enhanced catalytic activity, which only needed −57.3 mV to deliver the current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 99.4 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH. Overall, magneto-electrodeposition, especially under weak magnetic field conditions, provides great promise for the preparation of HER catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the effects of different patterns of prefabricated fractures and grain size compositions on the fracture characteristics, acoustic emission characteristics and mechanical properties of the rock masses. We conducted compression shear experiments on square rock masses with different modes of prefabricated fractures and different grain size compositions. The experimental results showed that five fracture patterns were produced in specimens with different fracture patterns. The first fracture specimen, the fourth fracture specimen and the fifth fracture specimen were all brittle fractures. The other four specimens were not brittle fractures. The fracture patterns, fracture processes and mechanical characteristics of the different fracture pattern rock masses were revealed. The lowest peak shear stresses were found in specimens consisting of two grain size ranges and the highest peak shear stresses were found in specimens consisting of three grain size ranges. The highest shear displacements corresponding to the peak shear stresses were found in the specimens consisting of three particle size ranges. The effect of different grain size compositions on the peak shear stress and its corresponding shear displacement of the rock mass was revealed. Specimens consisting of one grain size range produced significant fracture and acoustic emission prior to the peak shear stress. The acoustic emission was jumped after the main fracture was formed. The specimen consisting of two grain size ranges produced fractures and strong acoustic emission characteristics after the peak shear stress. Thereafter, fracture reappeared and the acoustic emission signature increased again. As the specimen entered the residual strength phase, the acoustic emission was jumpy. Specimens consisting of three grain size ranges were brittle fractures with weak acoustic emission characteristics after the main fracture has formed. The cumulative energy of shear acoustic emission was the highest for a rock mass consisting of three grain size ranges. The rock mass consisting of three grain size ranges was also the strongest and most difficult to fracture because the grains were more fully embedded in each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the exchange bias (EB) effect via an external field allows one to effectively tailor the properties of spin-valve-based spintronic devices. However, as a reliable way to manipulate the magnetic properties of materials, there have been few reports on the effect of light irradiation on the EB effect so far. In this work, a non-volatile light-tunable EB effect is achieved in a well-designed CoO and CoFe Prussian blue analogue core–shell structure (CoO@Co–Fe PBA), where the antiferromagnetic CoO has a large anisotropy, and the molecular magnet Co–Fe PBA is photosensitive. The EB field of this hybrid can be reduced by ∼50% after irradiation for 20 minutes, and the photo-induced change can be further increased by extending the irradiation time. In addition, the switching of the two EB effect states can be successfully implemented by switching red and blue light irradiation. Herein, this interesting photo-controlled EB effect is attributed to the change in the magnetization of the photosensitive Co–Fe PBA shell after light radiation, and the change is achieved by manipulating the number of FeIII–CoII magnetic pairs in the shell by incident light. Apparently, this striking light-controlled EB effect opens up new prospects for the design of new-generation optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain size composition, crack pattern, and crack length have a significant influence on the crack characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and acoustic emission characteristics of rock masses. In this paper, the crack characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and acoustic emission characteristics of rock masses with different grain size compositions, different crack patterns, and different crack lengths were investigated under uniaxial compression. The rock masses were made of rock-like materials. The crack initiation locations and crack propagation directions were different for a specimen comprised of one grain size range compared with specimens comprised of two or three grain size ranges. The specimens comprised of one and three grain size ranges crack progressively. The specimen comprised of two-grain size ranges brittle fracture. The highest peak axial load was found in the specimens comprised of one grain size range. The results showed that tensile wing crack, anti-tensile wing crack, transverse shear crack, compression induced tensile crack, and surface spalling were produced in specimens with different crack orientations. The rock mass with 2 cm long crack started to produce cracks from the tip of the crack extending to the top and bottom surface, soon forming through cracks. The rock was brittle fracture. The axial load reached the maximum and then fell rapidly. The acoustic emission energy reached a rapid maximum and then decreased rapidly. The rock mass with 3 cm long fissures started to produce cracks that only extended from the tip of the fissures to the top surface but not to the bottom surface. The rock mass was progressively fractured. The axial load was progressively decreasing. The acoustic emission energy also rose and fell rapidly several times as the rock mass was progressively fractured. Different rock crack lengths led to different crack processes and crack patterns, resulting in very different acoustic emission characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogenous copper nanoparticle (Cu NP) catalysts supported on magnetic nitrogen (N)-doped carbon–silica materials with a core–shell structure were fabricated by a facile one-pot hydrothermal carbonization reaction. The Cu NPs with a diameter of 10 nm were generated by an in situ process in which the Cu2+ was reduced by glucosamine. The N atoms doped into the magnetic nanocomposites were derived from glucosamine and anchored to the Cu NPs. The hydrophilicity of the carbon-based shell promoted uniform dispersion of the resulting core–shell nanoparticles in water. Moreover, the mesoporous carbon not only improved the mass transfer efficiency of the organic substrates to and from the catalysts but also prevented the Cu NPs from aggregating and leaching. Owing to these merits, the resultant magnetic nanocomposite particles Fe3O4@SiO2@GA/Cu exhibited excellent catalytic activity for aqueous C–N coupling reactions without any additives, as well as showed good universality toward different aryl halides and various nitrogen nucleophiles with moderate to excellent yields. More importantly, the Fe3O4@SiO2@GA/Cu catalysts were easily recovered using an external magnet and showed stable performance over five reaction cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scaling up commercial hydrogen production by water electrolysis requires efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrodes that can deliver large current densities (more than 500 mA cm−2) at low overpotentials. Here, a highly active and conductive shell‐based cellular (Shellular) electrode is developed through a strategy of embedding nanocrystalline Ni3Nb intermetallics into an amorphous NiFe‐OOH matrix. The tailor‐made laser remelting process enables the dispersive precipitation of corrosion‐resistant nanocrystalline Ni3Nb in large numbers. After in situ electrochemical activation in the self‐developed growth‐mode‐control electrolyte, the amorphous NiFe‐OOH nanosheets and nanocrystalline Ni3Nb are formed on the as‐printed Inconel 718. The conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that nanocrystalline Ni3Nb can simultaneously enhance the conductivity and activity of the catalyst film. Additionally, a Shellular structure inspired by nature is designed, interestingly, its specific surface area keeps constant with increases in porosity. This design can result in a large surface area and high porosity but with less material cost. Using this electrochemically activated Shellular electrode for OER, a high current density of 1500 mA cm−2 is achieved at a record‐low overpotential of 261 mV with good durability. This development may open the door for large‐scale industrial water electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the mechanical properties of the cold-formed thin-walled steel-straw board composite walls, a monotonic shear performance test was carried out on 4 cold-formed thin-walled steel-straw board composite wall specimens. The failure modes and failure processes of each specimen were analyzed. The performance indexes such as yield load, ultimate load and ductility coefficient, and lateral stiffness of the composite wall were obtained. The results indicated that the combination formation of cold-formed thin-walled steel-straw board with self-tapping screws connecting was reasonable and the combination effect was good. The composite wall underwent three stages of elasticity, elastoplasticity and failure. The main failure mode was local buckling at the bottom of side studs, and the straw board was torn at the screw holes. The composite wall had a large shear capacity, and the ductility coefficient and the anti-lateral stiffness performance were good. Applying the upper vertical load reduced the shear capacity of the wall, and the composite wall with braces can significantly increase the shear capacity. Some suggestions were presented for practical engineering application, including shear bearing capacity and lateral stiffness of the composite wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bony fusion rate was significantly lower in patients with type 3 Modic change than patients with normal endplates. It is not known whether there are relevant differences in fusion efficiency among patients with type 2 sclerotic Modic change or non-sclerotic Modic change, or no Modic change.Methods: A retrospective study contained 196 lumbar segments in 123 subjects undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with pedicle screw instrumentation (PSI) to assess the effect of type 2 sclerotic Modic change on fusion efficiency. These endplates were allocated into groups A, B, and C, according to their Modic changes. Group A had endplates with type 2 Modic change and endplate sclerosis. Group B had type 2 Modic change without endplate sclerosis. Group C had neither Modic change nor endplate sclerosis. The presence of Modic change was determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Endplate sclerosis in type 2 Modic change was detected by computed tomography (CT) before the operation. We collected CT data 3 months to more than 24 months after operation in patients to assess bony fusion.Results: Incidences of bony fusion were 58.8% in group A, 95.0% in group B, 94.3% in group C. The bony fusion rate was significantly lower in group A than in either group B or C. There was no significant difference between groups B and C. Thus, endplates with type 2 sclerotic Modic change had a lower fusion rate in patients undergoing PLIF with PSI.Conclusion: Type 2 sclerotic Modic change could be an important factor that affects solid bony fusion in patients undergoing PLIF with PSI. CT may help diagnose endplate sclerosis in patients with type 2 change and inform the choice of the best site for spinal fusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy has been increasing its share in the global energy structure. However, the thermal radiation brought by sunlight will attenuate the efficiency of solar cells. To reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) cell and improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy, a hybrid system composed of the PV cell, a thermoelectric generator (TEG), and a water-cooled plate (WCP) was manufactured. The WCP cannot only cool the PV cell, but also effectively generate additional electric energy with the TEG using the waste heat of the PV cell. The changes in the efficiency and power density of the hybrid system were obtained by real time monitoring. The thermal and electrical tests were performed at different irradiations and the same experiment temperature of 22°C. At a light intensity of 1000 W/m2, the steady-state temperature of the PV cell decreases from 86.8°C to 54.1°C, and the overall efficiency increases from 15.6% to 21.1%. At a light intensity of 800 W/m2, the steady-state temperature of the PV cell decreases from 70°C to 45.8°C, and the overall efficiency increases from 9.28% to 12.59%. At a light intensity of 400 W/m2, the steady-state temperature of the PV cell decreases from 38.5°C to 31.5°C, and the overall efficiency is approximately 3.8%, basically remain unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible, lightweight and high conductivity substrates are required for the development of next-generation flexible Li-ion batteries (LIBs). In addition, the interfacial strength between the active material and flexible substrate should be optimized for high-performance LIBs. Herein, cotton cloth (CC) is employed as a flexible substrate, and electroless plating is utilized to deposit a layer of Cu nanoparticles, which enhances the conductivity of CC and acts as a precursor for the active material, i.e., CuO. The results reveal that the in situ etching and subsequent heat treatment converted Cu film into CuO nanowires on CC substrate. Moreover, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are introduced to enhance the connectivity of CuO nanowires. Consequently, the CuO/CNT/CC electrode rendered a high areal capacity of > 700 μAh·cm−2 after 100 charge/discharge cycles as well as excellent rate capability. The current work presents a novel route to develop desirable substrates for next-generation flexible Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Tb0.27 Dy0.73)1.04Fe1.95 alloys directionally solidified in a 4 T high magnetic field were heat treated in various high magnetic fields. Changes in magnetic domain structure, magnetostriction, and magnetization of the alloys were investigated. The alloys treated at 12 T showed the highest magnetostriction, followed in descending order by the alloys treated at 0, 6, 3, and 9 T. The alloys treated at 12 T showed the highest light and dark contrast in the domain image, followed in descending order by the alloys solidified at 6, 0, 3, and 9 T. The change in magnetostriction can be mainly attributed to the alteration of the light and dark contrast in the domain image induced by the high magnetic fields. It can be proved that the high magnetic field can be effectively applied to the directionally solidification and heat treatment processes of Tb–Dy–Fe alloys to improve their magnetostrictive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Special Issue on "Metallurgical Slag" is a collection of 23 original articles dedicated to theoretical and experimental research works providing new insights and practical findings in the field of metallurgical slag-related topics. 10.3390/cryst10110971 6 Shi G.Y., Zhang T.A., Dou Z.H., Niu L.P. Dissolution Behavior of Al2O3 Inclusions in CaO-Al2O3 Based Slag Representing Aluminothermic Reduction Slag. 10.3390/cryst11060583 3 Xu Y., Song P., Cao W., Li H., Liang J. Effect of Al2O3-SiO2 Addition on Gehlenite Growth and the Mechanical Performance of Steel Slag. Further examples of hydrometallurgy are given by Li et al. [[15]] who designed an electrochemical method that could be used to remove impurities in zinc leaching night and enrich zinc ferrite in the ammonia leaching residue of the solution, and that of ammonia leaching slag after ammonia leaching of zinc hypoxide. [Extracted from the article]

Background: To estimate the prognostic relevance of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and HPV 18 in patients with cervical cancer. Method: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), CNKI, and Wanfang databases to search primary articles illustrating the survival outcomes in cervical cancer patients with or without HPV 16/18 infection. A meta-analysis was conducted to generate a combined hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for progression-free survival (PFS), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 13 studies were included. Our meta-analysis revealed that HPV 16 positive did not have any impact on OS (HR, 0.76; 95% CI = 0.37–1.54; P = 0.44). Cervical cancer patiensts infected with HPV 18 had worse OS (HR, 1.66; 95% CI = 1.28–2.17; P = 0.0001), DFS (HR, 2.10; 95% CI = 1.73–2.54; P < 0.0001) and worse PFS (HR, 2.97; 95% CI = 1.69–5.23; P = 0.00012) compared with those not infected with HPV 18. cervical cancer patiensts infected with HPV 18 had worse PFS compared with those infected with HPV 16 ((HR, 1.34; 95% CI = 1.06–1.70; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Cervical cancer patients infected with HPV 18 had worse survival compared with cervical cancer patients with HPV 16 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of one-dimensional nanofibers, concentrating on the compositions, morphology, structure and defects, has emerging importance in the preparation of anode materials with desired performance for lithium-ion batteries. In the present work, we prepared cobalt vacancies enriched Co2AlO4/carbon nanofibers coated with Co2AlO4 nanosheets by using electrospinning and multi-step sintering processes. As the anode of the lithium-ion battery, the as-prepared nanofibers show excellent cycling stability, and particularly the discharge capacity can remain at 627.4 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles under 500 mA g−1. We contributed the improved performances to the carbon-based networks, the presence of cobalt vacancy on Co2AlO4 and the larger specific surface area of the present species. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have implied that introducing Co vacancies could reduce the energy barrier of ion diffusion, leading to a faster diffusion rate of lithium ions during cycling. Apparently, the present approach could afford many essential advantages for anode material preparation, such as carbon-based matrix, larger specific surface area and cation vacancy, and more importantly, it can be extended to other spinel mixed transition metal oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: No consensus exists on the relationship between vitamin D status and endometriosis. The chief aim of our study was to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and endometriosis.Methods: We searched for MEDLINE, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for studies elucidated the circulating vitamin D levels in endometriosis. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and endometriosis.Results: Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that women with endometriosis had lower vitamin D status than that in controls (SMD - 0.97 ng/mL, 95% CI - 1.80 to - 0.14; p = 0.02), and vitamin D status had a negative correlation with the severity of the disease (stage III-IV vs stage I-II: SMD - 1.33 ng/mL, 95% CI - 2.54 to - 0.12; p = 0.03). Although it was not statistically significantly different, hypovitaminosis D had a tendency to be associated with endometriosis (OR 2.77, 95% CI 0.85-6.08, p = 0.10). Heterogeneity was high among included studies. Subgroup analyses revealed that women with no hormone use had lower vitamin D status when compared with controls (SMD - 1.38 ng/mL, 95% CI - 2.59 to - 0.18; p = 0.02). For studies which sample size < 100, serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients than that in controls (SMD - 0.65 ng/mL, 95% CI - 1.19 to - 0.11; p = 0.02).Conclusions: Women with endometriosis had lower vitamin D status when compared with controls, and a negative relationship between vitamin D levels and severity of endometriosis was observed. In addition, hypovitaminosis D was a potential risk factor for endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anisotropic properties of subsurface media cause waveform distortions in seismic wave propagation, resulting in a negative influence on seismic imaging. In addition, wavefields simulated by the conventional coupled pseudo-acoustic equation are not only affected by SV-wave artifacts but are also limited by anisotropic parameters. We propose a least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) method based on the pure qP-wave equation in vertically transverse isotropic media. A finite difference and fast Fourier transform method, which can improve the efficiency of the numerical simulation compared to a pseudo-spectral method, is used to solve the pure qP-wave equation. We derive the corresponding demigration operator, migration operator, and gradient updating formula to implement the LSRTM. Numerical tests on the Hess model and field data confirm that the proposed method has a good correction effect for the travel time deviation caused by underground anisotropic media. Further, it significantly suppresses the migration noise, balances the imaging amplitude, and improves the imaging resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetting transitions between molten metals and different solid substrates were investigated using the sessile drop method to evaluate the possibilities of regulating wettability by high magnetic fields (HMFs) during wetting. For most wetting counterparts, the molten-metal droplet outline showed an apparent change because of the influence of HMFs. Contact angles that were measured with HMFs decreased compared with contact angles that were measured without HMFs. The temperature and magnetic-flux density had an evident but more complicated effect on the wetting transition. For reactive wetting systems, the effect of HMFs on changes of element distributions at the metal/substrate interface may lead to a variety of wetting transitions. For non-reactive wetting systems, solidified metal droplets can move from the solid substrates after wetting. No detailed and comprehensive explanations on HMF wetting-transition mechanisms exist, and further work is required. This study contributes to perfect wetting mechanisms and theories and provides a scientific approach to control wettability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DUT‐9/mesoporous carbon (DUT‐9/MC) nanocomposites were synthesized by in‐situ growth of nickel‐based metal‐organic frameworks (DUT‐9) on the MC for the first time. Compared with original DUT‐9 crystals, the presence of MC in the composites can avoid the agglomeration of DUT‐9 sheets, increase the specific surface area and reduce the electron transfer resistance. DUT‐9/MC shows enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward redox of baicalein compared with DTU‐9. The possible electrocatalytic redox mechanism of baicalein involves two electrons and two protons. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed sensor shows a wide linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.05‐20 μM (R2=0.993, sensitivity of 0.1188 μA/μM) with a low detection limit of 0.015 μM. It is worth noting that the oxidation overpotential of baicalein (0.107 V) is significantly lower than that of most literatures in pH 7.0. Meanwhile, the proposed sensor shows satisfactory results for the detection of baicalein in human serum samples. This research provides a highly efficient strategy for fabricating novel electrochemical sensor based two‐dimensional lamellar structure MOFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The giant magnetostriction exhibited by pseudobinary Tb–Dy–Fe compounds has attracted considerable attention for use in magneto-mechanical actuators and sensors. However, simultaneously producing a crystallographic orientation and a morphological alignment of the (Tb,Dy)Fe2 phase along the ⟨111⟩ direction has proven difficult and inhibits further increase in the desired property. This work demonstrates that, by coupling the directional solidification and a high magnetic field, a ⟨111⟩-orientation and -alignment were simultaneously created. In addition, the pores and the defects in the alloys were eliminated, leading to an enhancement of the magnetostrictive performance. Analyses indicate that the controlled growth of the (Tb,Dy)Fe2 crystal was owing to the collaboration of the multiple magnetic field effects on both the liquid and the solid phases during the directional solidification. Specifically, the magnetic torque induced a rotation of the crystals aligning their easy axis of magnetization (i.e., ⟨111⟩) along the magnetic field direction. Further, the Lorentz force stabilized the directional growth of the crystals by suppressing the convection, while the magnetic force exerted a compressive stress on the paramagnetic alloy melt to remove the gases in the melt. As a result, a highly ⟨111⟩-oriented and -aligned and defect-free Tb–Dy–Fe compound was produced. This strategy may also be expanded to other alloy systems whose phases exhibit a magnetic anisotropy and thereby fabricate anisotropic functional compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated base editing has made genomic modification more efficient. However, selection of genetically modified cells from millions of treated cells, especially plant cells, is still challenging. In this study, an efficient surrogate reporter system based on a defective hygromycin resistance gene was established in rice to enrich base-edited cells. After step-by-step optimization, the Discriminated sgRNAs-based SurroGate system (DisSUGs) was established by artificially differentiating the editing abilities of a wild-type single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting the surrogate reporter gene and an enhanced sgRNA targeting endogenous sites. The DisSUGs enhanced the efficiency of screening base-edited cells by 3- to 5-fold for a PmCDA1-based cytosine-to-tyrosine base editor (PCBE), and 2.5- to 6.5-fold for an adenine base editor (ABE) at endogenous targets. These targets showed editing efficiencies of <25% in the conventional systems. The DisSUGs greatly enhanced the frequency of homozygous substitutions and expanded the activity window slightly for both a PCBE and an ABE. Analyses of the total number of single-nucleotide variants from whole-genome sequencing revealed that, compared with the no-enrichment PCBE strategy, the DisSUGs did not alter the frequency of genome-wide sgRNA-independent off-target mutations, but slightly increased the frequency of target-dependent off-target mutations. Collectively, the DisSUGs developed in this study greatly enhances the efficiency of screening plant base-edited cells and will be a useful system in future applications. Cells that are genetically modified by the base editors such as CBEs and ABEs can be effectively and safely enriched using the Discriminated sgRNAs-based SurroGate system (DisSUGs), which was tested to work well in rice and should be applicable in many other organisms, because the hygromycin marker is universally used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the correlation of displacement of the mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes with adjacent organs in non‐small cell lung cancer using four‐dimensional computed tomography. Methods: The displacements of 51 mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes located in the left–right, anterior–posterior, and superior–inferior directions were measured using four‐dimensional computed tomography. Correlation analyses were carried out to determine the association between the displacement of lymph nodes and volumetric change of the lungs and heart. Results: A significant correlation of displacement of the left group lymph nodes in left–right and the right group in anterior–posterior directions with volumetric change of the ipsilateral lung was observed. There were significant correlations between displacement of the left group lymph nodes and volumetric change of the heart. Conclusion: Displacement of the mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes was relevant to the adjacent organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]