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Aim This study used swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to investigate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) who displayed different levels of disease activity and severity. Methods Thirty patients with TAO (60 eyes) and 38 healthy controls (67 eyes) in Shanghai, China, were recruited for this study. Disease activity and severity were graded using European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy standardised criteria. SFCT values were determined by SS-OCT. Results In total, 129 eyes were included in the final analysis. The mean SFCT was significantly thicker among patients with active disease (276.23±84.01 pm) than among patients with inactive disease (224.68±111.61 pm; p=0.049) or healthy controls (223.56±78.69 pm; p=0.01). There were no differences in SFCT among patients with moderate-to-severe disease, patients with severe disease and healthy controls (p>0.05). Changes in SFCT demonstrated strong predictive ability to distinguish active TAO from inactive TAO (area under the curve=0.659, 95% CI 0.496 to 0.822). Conclusions SFCT was strongly associated with Clinical Activity Score in patients with TAO. Choroidal thickening was observed during active TAO. SS-OCT offers a noninvasive method for follow-up assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-inflammatory treatment is the primary and vital therapeutic approach for active, moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease (TED). Accurate pretreatment prediction of treatment response is of paramount importance for the prognosis of patients. However, relying solely on the clinical activity score asa determinant of activity has led to unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in identifying predictive markers for anti-inflammatory treatment response in TED, clinical markers, body fluid biomarkers and imaging biomarkers. Several clinical studies have developed prediction models based on these markers. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive elucidation or comparison between the different markers. Therefore, this review aims to provide a detailed analysis of the definition, characteristics, and application of predictive markers for anti-inflammatory treatment response in TED. Through detailed literature search, 26 articles applying anti-inflammatory treatment effect prediction with a total of 1948 TED patients were used for analysis and discussion. By gaining a better understanding of the current research on predictive markers, we can accelerate and guide the exploration of treatment prediction strategies, leading us towards an era of precise therapy for TED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of binocular chromatic pupillometry in detecting impaired pupillary light response (PLR) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to assess the feasibility of using binocular chromatic pupillometer in opportunistic POAG diagnosis in community-based or telemedicine-based services. Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 74 patients with POAG and 23 healthy controls were enrolled. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and standard automated perimetry (SAP). The PLR tests included sequential tests of full-field chromatic stimuli weighted by rods, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), and cones (Experiment 1), as well as alternating chromatic light flash-induced relative aerent pupillary defect (RAPD) test (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, the constricting amplitude, velocity, and time to maximum constriction/dilation were calculated in three cell type-weighted responses, and the post-illumination response of ipRGC-weighted response was evaluated. In Experiment 2, infrared pupillary asymmetry (IPA) amplitude and anisocoria duration induced by intermittent blue or red light flashes were calculated. Results: In Experiment 1, the PLR of POAG patients was significantly reduced in all conditions, reflecting the defect in photoreception through rods, cones, and ipRGCs. The variable with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was time to max dilation under ipRGC-weighted stimulus, followed by the constriction amplitude under cone-weighted stimulus and the constriction amplitude response to ipRGC-weighted stimuli. The impaired PLR features were associated with greater visual field loss, thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and cupping of the optic disk. In Experiment 2, IPA and anisocoria duration induced by intermittent blue or red light flashes were significantly greater in participants with POAG than in controls. IPA and anisocoria duration had good diagnostic value, correlating with the inter-eye asymmetry of visual field loss. Conclusion: We demonstrate that binocular chromatic pupillometry could potentially serve as an objective clinical tool for opportunistic glaucoma diagnosis in community-based or telemedicine-based services. Binocular chromatic pupillometry allows an accurate, objective, and rapid assessment of retinal structural impairment and functional loss in glaucomatous eyes of dierent severity levels [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is common in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Prophylactic central lymph node dissection (PCLND) in clinically negative central compartment lymph node (cN0) PTC patients is still controversial. How to predict CLNM before the operation is very important for surgical decision making. Methods: In this article, we retrospectively enrolled 243 cN0 PTC patients and gathered data including clinical characteristics, ultrasound (US) characteristics, pathological results of fine-needle aspiration (FNA), thyroid function, eight gene mutations, and immunoenzymatic results. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was used for data dimensionality reduction and feature analysis. Results: According to the results, the important predictors of CLNM were identified. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to establish a new nomogram prediction model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curve were used to evaluate the performance of the new prediction model. Discussion: The new nomogram prediction model was a reasonable and reliable model for predicting CLNM in cN0 PTC patients, but further validation is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To establish a decision model based on two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) eye data of patients with ptosis for developing personalized surgery plans.Methods: Data of this retrospective, case-control study was collected from March 2019 to June 2019 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, and then the patients were followed up for 3 months. One hundred fifty-two complete feature eyes from 100 voluntary patients with ptosis and satisfactory surgical results were selected, with 48 eyes excluded due to any severe condition or improper collection and shooting angle. Three experimental schemes were set as follows: use 2D distance alone, use 3D distance alone, and use two distances at the same time. The five most common evaluation indicators used in the binary classification problem to test the decision model were accuracy (ACC), precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC).Results: For diagnostic discrimination, recall of "3D", "2D" and "Both" schemes were 0.875, 0.875 and 0.938 respectively. And precision of the three schemes were 0.8333, 0.7778 and 1.0000 for the surgical procedure classification. Values of "Both" scheme that combined 2D and 3D data were the highest in two classifications.Conclusions: In this study, 3D eye data are introduced into clinical practice to construct a decision model for ptosis surgery. Our decision model presents exceptional prediction effect, especially when 2D and 3D data employed jointly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using M0D10A1, temperature and precipitation of 21 meteorological observatories and HJ-1/CCD data from July to September during 2002-2013, this paper takes the Tianshan Mountains as the study area to analyze the space distribution characteristics of snow line ad its influencing factors. The results show that the snowline distribution of southern and northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains is that it is high in the south and east but low in north and west; the snowline of southern slope is sparse and there is a small spatial gradient change; the snow line is dense in the middle of northern slope, and the spatial gradient change is not large. Through the analysis of the whole study area, it is found that the correlation coefficient between snow line altitude and temperature is 0. 159, ad the partial correlation coefficient between them is -0.212; the correlation deficient between snow line altitude ad precipitation is -0.668, and the partial correlation coefficient between them is -0. 676. Precipitation is the dominat factor that affects the distribution of snow line of southern ad northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To determine the impact of biometric characteristics on changes of biomechanical properties of the human cornea due to standard cataract surgery using biomechanical analysis. Patients and Methods. This prospective consecutive cross-sectional study comprised 54 eyes with cataract in stages I or II that underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. CH, CRF, IOPg, and IOPcc intraocular pressure were measured by biomechanical analysis preoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively. Changes (Δ) were calculated as preoperative value versus postoperative value. Biometrical data were extracted from TMS-5 (CSI and SAI), IOLMaster (AL), and EM-3000 (CCT and ECC) preoperatively. Results. The average values of the changes were ΔCH = −0.45 ± 1.27mmHg, ΔCRF = −0.88±1.1mmHg, ΔIOPg = −1.58±3.15mmHg, and ΔIOPcc = −1.45±3.93mmHg. The higher the CSI the smaller the decrease in CH (r = 0.302, p = 0.028). The higher the CCT the larger the decrease in CRF (r = −0.371, P = 0.013). The higher the AL the smaller the decrease in IOPg (r = 0.417, P = 0.005). The higher the AL, SAI, and EEC the smaller the decrease in IOPcc (r = 0.351, P = 0.001; r = −0.478, P < 0.001; r = 0.339, P = 0.013). Conclusions. Corneal biomechanical properties were affected by comprehensive factors after cataract surgery, including corneal endothelium properties, biometry, and geometrical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]