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Research on entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) has tended to focus on the role that characteristics internal to the EE play in determining EE-level outcomes. Notwithstanding the insights that academics, policy-makers, and entrepreneurs have gleaned from these studies, prior research has yet to explain whether, how, and why these outcomes might also be impacted by an EE's position within the larger network of EEs. Given broad acceptance for the important role that networks play in facilitating entrepreneurship at the firm level, we contend that adopting a network-based view of EEs may also help predict and explain aggregate entrepreneurial outcomes at the EE level. Specifically, we adopt a double embeddedness lens to examine the impact of both inter-EE (i.e., structural embeddedness) and intra-EE (i.e., cultural embeddedness) factors on EE-level new venture creation. Using a longitudinal sample of regional data in the United States from 1994 to 2016, we develop and test hypotheses where the relationship between structural embeddedness and new venture creation follows an inverted "U" shape that is itself moderated by cultural embeddedness. We conclude by discussing how these findings inform theory and practice in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the most lethal of the gynecologic malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have revolutionized the treatment of multiple malignancies, have had limited efficacy in OvCa patients. This lack of effectiveness is partly due to the abnormal ovarian tumor microenvironment (TME), displaying a desmoplastic, highly fibrotic extracellular matrix. High extracellular matrix deposition leads to a buildup of compressive forces that cause tumor blood vessel collapse, reduced vessel perfusion, poor delivery of drugs, and compromised trafficking of cytotoxic T-cells to these tumors. Methods: Using two syngeneic OvCa models, we tested the effect of losartan, a widely prescribed anti-hypertensive drug, on reprogramming the TME and chemosensitizing the cancer cells. Results: Losartan treatment (i) reprograms the TME leading to increased vascular perfusion, and thus enhances drug delivery and immune effector cell intratumoral infiltration and function; and (ii) rewires the OvCa cells by suppressing the IGF-1 signaling, resulting in enhanced chemosensitivity. As a result of the combined tumor and stromal effects, losartan treatment enhances the efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy in OvCa models. Conclusion: The safety and low cost (< $1-2/day) of losartan warrant rapid translation of our findings to patients with OvCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, to improve the performance and reduce leakage currents of bulk low‐temperature multi‐layer SiGe/Si superlattice (SL) fin field‐effect transistors (FinFETs), a p‐type omega‐shaped channel (Ω‐channel) SL FinFET is realized by etching a Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 triple‐layer stacked structure in a replacement metal gate (RMG) module on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrate. In addition, a self‐allied Ni0.9Pt0.1 silicide process and a low‐thermal‐budget (≤400°C) integration procedure were performed on the Ω‐channel SL FinFET. Test results demonstrate that the on‐state current (Ion) is increased by 5.5 times (from 78 to 429 µA/µm) and the off‐state current (Ioff) is reduced by 78.8% (from 5.2 × 10−3 to 1.1 × 10−3 µA/µm) when compared with the corresponding currents of traditional bulk SL FinFETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flash droughts are rapidly developing extreme weather events with sudden onset and quick intensification. Global prediction of flash droughts at sub‐seasonal time scales remains a great challenge. Current state‐of‐the‐art dynamic models subject to large errors and demonstrate low skills in global flash drought prediction. Here, we develop a machine learning‐based framework that uses meteorological forecasts as inputs to predict global root‐zone soil moisture and flash droughts from 1 day to 2 week lead times. The results indicate that 33% and 24% global flash drought onset and termination events can be correctly predicted by machine learning at 7 day lead time, versus 19% and 11% fractions by state‐of‐the‐art dynamic model. The developed machine learning model demonstrates substantial improvements over dynamic model in global soil moisture prediction, and thus enhances global flash drought forecasting skills in space and time. The presented framework may benefit global flash drought prediction and early warning at sub‐seasonal scales. Plain Language Summary: Global flash drought risks are prevailing currently and will continue to be an important concern under climate change. Skillful prediction of global flash drought onset and termination events can provide critical early warning information for agricultural preparations and water resources management. However, current weather forecasting models suffer from large errors in root‐zone soil moisture and flash drought predictions. Here, we develop a machine learning‐based framework that could predict 33% and 24% global flash drought onset and termination events at 7 day lead time, better than the state‐of‐the‐art dynamic model. The machine learning‐based framework can reduce soil moisture prediction errors in dynamic coupled models and thus enhances global flash drought prediction skills. The proposed machine learning forecasting approach may provide scientific advances for flash drought early warning at global scales. Key Points: Machine learning is used for global flash drought prediction up to 2 week lead time33% and 24% global flash drought onset and termination events can be correctly predicted at 7 day lead timeMachine learning improves global flash drought prediction over dynamic model [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis and cuproptosis are emerging modes of programmed cell death and have been increasingly used to eliminate tumor cells. However, converting ferroptosis/cuproptosis into effective treatments is challenging because of the inherent antioxidant and plasma membrane repair systems and inefficient copper ion delivery. Herein, an engineered doping method is developed to encapsulate ZnO2 with Cu2+‐doped ZIF‐8 and modify the surface by transferrin (Tf). In the resulting ZnO2@Cu/ZIF‐8‐Tf nanosystem, Tf specifically binds to transferrin receptors for targeting and aggregation. In the tumor microenvironment, Cu2+/Fe3+ is released from the nanosystem and reacted with glutathione (GSH) to produce Cu+/Fe2+. Excessive accumulation of Cu+ interfered with the tricarboxylic acid cycle and induced coproptosis. Furthermore, the additional Fe2+ caused iron overload and enhanced ferroptosis. ZnO2 supplied hydrogen peroxide to mediate the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the depletion of GSH deactivated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and inhibited the system Xc−‐GSH‐GPX4 pathway, and the amplified ROS triggered lipid peroxidation and reprogrammed lipid metabolism, causing malfunctioning of both antioxidant and membrane repair systems. In summary, the ferroptosis/cuproptosis pathways are activated at multiple levels in the ZnO2@Cu/ZIF‐8‐Tf nanosystem, which ensures its outstanding antitumor effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering several sources that cause global position system (GPS) interference in civil aviation and the challenges faced by interference recognition algorithms in terms of efficiency and accuracy, we propose an improved You Only Look Once (YOLO)v7‐CHS algorithm (YOLOv7‐CHS) and investigate its effectiveness in identifying GPS signals and different types of interference signals. First, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is introduced as a method for processing and analyzing signals in the time–frequency (TF) domain to effectively obtain their temporal and spectral characteristic information. Second, the ConvNeXt structure is integrated into the YOLOv7 backbone network to create a ConvNeXtBlock (CNeB) module to enhance the classification and recognition accuracy of interference signals. Additionally, an attention mechanism is introduced to further improve model recognition accuracy. To effectively improve the capability of signal feature extraction and mitigate the impact of background noise on TF feature suppression, we have integrated the efficient channel attention (ECA) channel attention module with the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) spatial attention module, thereby proposing a hybrid CBAM and ECA (HCE) attention module. Last, to address issues arising from accidental deletion of detection frames and multipath interference negatively affecting model recognition performance, we have employed the soft nonmaximum suppression (Soft‐NMS) algorithm while selecting an optimal loss function through comparative analysis. The comparative evaluation experimental results under different circumstances show that YOLOv7‐CHS achieves recognition accuracies of 98.0% and 99.6% for various types of signals, respectively. These values represent an increase of 1.7% and 1%, respectively, compared to YOLOv7. Moreover, in terms of lightweight indicators, YOLOv7‐CHS exhibits a significant improvement in performance: the frames per second (FPS) is increased by 75.1, the number of parameters (Params) was reduced by 4.75 M, and giga floating point operations per second (GFLOPs) were reduced by 65.9 G while effectively enhancing recognition capabilities. The proposed YOLOv7‐CHS not only improves signal recognition accuracy but also reduces model Params and computational complexity, achieving a lightweight model with promising application prospects in the rapid detection and recognition of GPS interference sources in civil aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Scalp arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare and intricate vascular anomaly characterized by a direct connection between an artery and a vein, without an intervening capillary system. This anomaly can induce significant local hemodynamic changes and is associated with various complications, such as pain, a pulsatile mass, increasing swelling, and venous hypertension skin ulcerations which may be non-healing. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of interventional embolization treatments for scalp AVF at Shandong Provincial Hospital. Methods: This retrospective clinical analysis assessed 21 patients who underwent interventional embolization between 2018 and 2024. Patients included were those treated in the vascular surgery department at Shandong Provincial Hospital, who had comprehensive medical records and follow-up data. Treatment methods, outcomes, and complications were thoroughly analyzed through patient medical records. Results: Among the patients studied, direct puncture was the most prevalent treatment method, employed in 42.86% (9/21) of cases, followed by various combinations of arterial, venous, and direct approaches. Ethanol, used in 85.71% (18/21) of the cases, demonstrated its broad efficacy and application in clinical settings. Immediate imaging post-treatment confirmed a cure rate of 85.71% (18/21). The main postoperative complications included swelling, with some patients also experiencing nodules, scabbing, or hair loss. Conclusion: Interventional embolization has proven to be a safe and effective method for managing scalp AVF, significantly minimizing complications. Future research should focus on further optimizing these treatment methods to enhance efficacy and improve patient quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trifluoromethylation of C88(7) fullerene has been systematically studied using an energy‐controlled consecutive CF3 addition approach. The thermodynamically favored C88(7)(CF3)2n isomers with 2n = 2–20 were predicted at the DFT B3LYP‐D3BJ/6–311G* level of theory for the first time, in harmony with the two experimentally characterized isomers C88(7)(CF3)12/16. It was found that these stable isomers are formed mainly by 1,4‐additions of CF3 groups, and meanwhile, there are a few stable isomers with isolated CF3 groups for 2n ≤ 12, with ortho addition for 2n > 12, and with triple‐hexagon‐junction addition for the highest degree of trifluoromethylation (2n ≥ 18). The addition patterns of CF3 groups were discussed in terms of the local structural motif of the pristine cage and the formation of stabilizing substructures of local aromaticity. The possible trifluoromethylation pathways of C88(7) were proposed on the basis of the relative Gibbs free energies. The results show that almost all the intermediate isomers for the thermodynamically most stable isomers of C88(7)(CF3)2n possess low relative Gibbs free energies (below 14 kJ·mol−1). Moreover, the hardness, chemical potential, electrophilicity index, electron affinity, HOMO and LUMO energies, and HOMO–LUMO gaps of the thermodynamically most stable C88(7)(CF3)2n isomers were also calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epidemiological studies show inconsistent links between hearing/vision impairment and dementia risk. Using multisource data, we investigated how single or combined sensory impairments relate to risks of all-cause and specific types of dementia. Methods: We employed a triangulation approach combining three methodologies. We analyzed 90,893 UK Biobank (UKB) adults to explore single and joint effects of hearing and vision impairments on all-cause and Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and non-AD non-VD (NAVD). A meta-analysis of prospective studies involving 937,908 participants provided stronger evidence. Finally, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association studies from UKB (361,194 participants) and FinnGen (412,181 participants) to validate relationships between sensory impairments and dementia occurrence. Results: In the UKB cohort study, compared to participants with normal hearing, those in the mild and severe hearing impairment groups had progressively and significantly higher risk of all-cause dementia (mild: HR1.52, 95%CI 1.31–1.77; severe: HR1.80, 95%CI 1.36–2.38), AD (mild: HR1.63, 95%CI 1.30–2.04; severe: HR2.18, 95%CI 1.45–3.27), VD (mild: HR1.68, 95%CI 1.19–2.37; severe: HR1.47, 95%CI 1.22–1.78), and NAVD (mild: HR1.47, 95%CI 1.22–1.78; severe: HR1.98, 95%CI 1.43–2.75). Besides, vision impairment was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (HR1.55, 95%CI 1.18–2.04) and NAVD (HR1.51, 95%CI 1.07–2.13). Furthermore, dual sensory impairment was associated with stepwise increased risks of all-cause and cause-specific dementia than single hearing or vision impairment. In the meta-analysis of 31 prospective cohort studies, risks of all-cause dementia and AD were elevated in participants with single hearing impairment (all-cause dementia: HR1.30, 95%CI 1.21–1.40; AD: HR1.30, 95%CI 1.21–1.40) and dual sensory impairment (all-cause dementia: HR1.63, 95%CI1.14–2.12; AD: HR 2.55, 95%CI 1.19–3.91), while single vision impairment only associated with higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR1.43, 95%CI 1.16–1.71) but not AD. Finally, the MR analysis revealed a significant association between hearing impairment and all-cause dementia (OR1.74, 95%CI 1.01–2.99), AD (OR1.56, 95%CI 1.09–2.23), and NAVD (OR1.14, 1.02–1.26), as well as vision impairment and NAVD (OR1.62, 95%CI 1.13–2.33). Conclusions: Our findings showed significant associations between hearing and vision impairments and increased risks of all-cause and cause-specific dementia. Standardized hearing and vision assessment and intervention should be emphasized in dementia prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous research studies have demonstrated the significant correlation of phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) with the onset and progression of various human diseases, highlighting PI3Kγ as a promising therapeutic target. However, PI3Kγ demonstrates considerable similarity with other isoforms in the PI3K family, presenting significant challenges in the creation of PI3Kγ inhibitors. This study presents an ensemble‐based virtual screening approach to discover novel inhibitors targeting PI3Kγ. Eganelisib (IPI‐549) is the sole selective PI3Kγ inhibitor that has progressed to clinical trials, making it a significant model for the advancement of novel PI3Kγ inhibitors. Initially, common feature pharmacophore and receptor–ligand pharmacophore models were independently developed using IPI‐549 and its potent derivatives, in conjunction with the crystal complex of PI3Kγ/IPI‐549. Both qualitative pharmacophore models proved highly effective at distinguishing between active and inactive compounds. Then, four widely utilized docking programs were chosen for assessment, where the Glide_SP mode demonstrated superior predictive accuracy in sampling ligand conformations during binding, effectively distinguishing between PI3Kγ inhibitors and noninhibitors. Finally, a virtual screening protocol was conducted to screen the ChEMBL database, utilizing similarity search, consensus‐based pharmacophore mapping, and sequential molecular docking. This process resulted in the identification of multiple molecules exhibiting notable promise as potent PI3Kγ inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut microbiota may help mitigate bone loss linked to postmenopausal osteoporosis by affecting the immune and inflammatory responses and the gut-bone axis. Dihydromyricetin (DMY), a natural flavonoid, has some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the amelioration of bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice treated with various doses of DMY. Eight-week-old C57/BL6 mice underwent ovariectomy and received varying DMY doses over 8 weeks. Thereafter, femoral bone microarchitecture, serum biomarker levels, and colon samples were analyzed to assess bone metabolism and inflammatory and hormonal responses. Fecal samples were subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing, and short-chain fatty acids were quantified. An untargeted metabolomics approach was applied to both serum and fecal samples to investigate alterations in the intestinal microbiota and metabolic profiles following DMY treatment in the OVX mice. The results show high-dose DMY has anti-osteoporotic effects. Compared to the OVX group, the DMY-treated group showed enhanced bone mineral density and reduced inflammation and colonic damage levels. The DMY treatment altered the gut microbiota composition, including the relative abundances at both the phylum and genus levels. In addition, DMY treatment increased the production of acetate and propionate. Metabolomic analysis revealed differential regulation of 37 and 70 metabolites in the serum and feces samples, respectively, in the DMY-treated group compared to those in the OVX group, affecting the serotonergic signaling, arachidonic acid metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. In conclusion, these findings indicate that DMY can ameliorate bone loss in OVX mice via the gut-bone axis. DMY can ameliorate bone loss in OVX mice via the gut-bone axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool has the characteristics of high hardness, brittleness, etc., it is easy to break the tool or produce defects in the laser cutting process, which affects the cutting performance of the tool. Traditional defect detection methods can no longer meet the needs of modern manufacturing. Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and poor real-time detection of surface defects on laser-cutting polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tools, this study proposes the surface defect detection model of laser cutting polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool based on asymptotic fusion strategy, which fills the gap in the field. In the backbone network, the C3SE module is constructed by modeling the correlation between feature channels to improve the model's focus on key features in order to enhance the feature extraction and processing capability of the backbone network; In the neck network, adaptive spatial fusion operation and direct interaction of non-adjacent layers are utilized for multi-scale information fusion, and the asymptotic feature pyramid network for object detection (AFPN) is used instead of the FPN structure to improve the detection performance; In the head network, a soft suppression mechanism is introduced to reduce the overlapping frame score using a decay function, thus improving the detection accuracy. The experimental results based on the self-constructed laser-cutting polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool surface defects dataset show that the average accuracy of the AFFS-YOLO model is improved by 5.6% compared with that of the YOLOv5 model, reaching 86.1%, and the detection effect is better than that of the original network and other classical target detection networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to assess the impact of changes in blood pressure on cardiovascular events in the Chinese population. It enrolled 33 179 Chinese participants aged ≥35 years (57.1% women) without CVD at baseline. BP status was defined according to the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines. The type of BP change was defined as change in BP status from baseline to the end of follow‐up, included stable BP <130/80, <130/80 to ≥130/80, ≥130/80 to <130/80 mm Hg, persistent BP ≥130/80 mm Hg. The hazard ratio (HR) of incident CVD by change in BP category was estimated using Cox proportional hazards and Fine–Gray models. During median follow‐up of 3.17 years, 2023 CVD events occurred. Compared with BP <120/80, 120–129/<80 mm Hg at baseline (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.09–2.53), 130–139/80–89 mm Hg (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.94–1.95), and ≥140/90 mm Hg (HR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.78–3.40) were risk factors for CVD. Compared with the group with stable BP <130/80 mm Hg, the risk of CVD was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.40–2.53) in the group with persistent BP ≥130/80 mm Hg and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.01–1.94) in the group of BP decreased to <130/80 mm Hg. These results showed that BP 120–129/<80, 130–139/80–89, and ≥140/90 mm Hg were associated with a high risk of CVD. Over time, persistent BP ≥130/80 mm Hg increased the risk of CVD, but a return to <130/80 mm Hg from hypertension decreased the risk of CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies on the association between serum vitamin B6 status and colorectal cancer prognosis are limited and have yielded inconsistent results. This study investigated the association of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxic acid ratio (PAr) index with colorectal cancer survival. Methods: A total of 1286 colorectal cancer patients diagnosed since 2010 were selected from the Guangdong Colorectal Cancer Cohort study. Serum levels of PLP, pyridoxal, and 4-pyridoxic acid were measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The study followed overall mortality and colorectal cancer-specific mortality until December 2023. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Restricted cubic spline and stratified analysis were performed. Results: During a median follow-up of 77.36 months, 331 deaths were recorded, with 293 specifically attributed to colorectal cancer. Higher PLP levels were associated with a longer overall survival (HRQ4 vs. Q1, 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.87; p for trend = 0.008) and colorectal cancer-specific survival (HRQ4 vs. Q1, 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.87; p for trend = 0.006). Non-linear associations were observed between serum PLP and overall and colorectal cancer-specific survival (p for non-linear < 0.05). However, PAr was not significantly associated with either overall survival (HRQ4 vs. Q1, 1.03; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.41) or colorectal cancer-specific survival (HRQ4 vs. Q1, 1.01; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.42). The association between serum PLP and both overall survival and colorectal cancer-specific survival (p for interaction < 0.05) varied by alcohol drinking status. Conclusions: Higher serum PLP levels, but not PAr, may be associated with improved overall and colorectal cancer-specific survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the safe operation of integrated energy systems is significantly affected by the considerable uncertainty inherent to wind and photovoltaic power generation. Based on this, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling model for integrated electricity, heat, and hydrogen-based energy systems on distributed robust optimization (DRO). Firstly, a combined heat and power microgrid system considering hydrogen energy systems was constructed based on the thermoelectric cogeneration characteristics of fuel cells and electrolyzers. Then, a data-driven two-stage distribution robust optimization scheduling model is built by combining typical historical data of wind power output, photovoltaic power output, and load. The results show that the distributed robust method reduces the running cost by 6% compared to the deterministic method. The proposed method and model are capable of meeting the demand for thermoelectric loads within the microgrid in a more cost-effective manner, thereby achieving stable and independent operation of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural hazards are considered one of the greatest challenges today. Preventing transformation processes that lead to risk and then, crisis need a structural-strategic approach. An approach that can identify the issues and challenges ahead in a systematic and comprehensive method by formulating an operational plan can provide resilience and reduce vulnerability of human settlements and urban infrastructures. The road networks as one of the most important urban elements having a crucial role in management of crisis during the occurrence of natural crises (such as earthquakes) aid in the transferring the injured and rescue forces. The main purpose of this study was to determine the vulnerability of urban road networks for earthquake risk with neural network and machines learning algorithms with a comparative and systematic approach. In order to identify the most accurate and efficient model, a comparative comparison between neural network model (ANN) and machine learning algorithms including ADTree and KNN was carried out. The results of the present study in evaluating the structural condition of the urban road network with Fractal Dimension on hazardous and vulnerable zones showed that these zones were of low fractal dimension, and the distribution and differentiation of roads were low, reducing the efficiency of the road network at times of crisis. Other results of the present research on the application of machine learning algorithms indicate that the accuracy of the ADTree algorithm was equal to 1. In addition, at the stage of measuring the efficiency of the model with the Classification metrics algorithm, the ADTree algorithm efficiency was equal to 1. However, the accuracy of the KNN algorithm (K-Nearest Neighbors) and the artificial neural network model in predicting the vulnerability of the internal road network was equal to 0.92% and 0.98%, respectively. Therefore, since the degree of accuracy of the ADTree algorithm was higher, it is the most accurate and efficient algorithm to predict the vulnerability of the road network at times of the occurrence of hazardous events, and it can be useful and effective in decision-making of policy makers and planners in pre-crisis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurological diseases are a major cause of the global burden of disease. Although the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of neurological diseases are not fully clear, most of them are associated with cells mediating neuroinflammation. Yet medications and other therapeutic options to improve treatment are still very limited. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), as a delightfully potent breakthrough technology, not only identifies various cell types and response states but also uncovers cell-specific gene expression changes, gene regulatory networks, intercellular communication, and cellular movement trajectories, among others, in different cell types. In this review, we describe the technology of scRNA-seq in detail and discuss and summarize the application of scRNA-seq in exploring neurological diseases, elaborating the corresponding specific mechanisms of the diseases as well as providing a reliable basis for new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we affirm that scRNA-seq promotes the development of the neuroscience field and enables us to have a deeper cellular understanding of neurological diseases in the future, which provides strong support for the treatment of neurological diseases and the improvement of patients' prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we focus on the automated diagnosis of physiological curvature in the cervical spine, with an emphasis on feature point localization. Cervical spine deformity is prevalent, and the Cobb angle is widely recognized as the gold standard for diagnosing and treating it. However, manual measurement is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and heavily reliant on clinical experience. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-precision automatically detecting algorithm to meet the clinical requirements of orthopedic surgeons. Traditional methods are constrained by complex steps and limited data, which pose challenges. Therefore, we propose an efficient framework that formulates an automatic diagnosis of cervical spine physiological curvature based on a novel deep neural network. By leveraging the excellent properties of neural memory Ordinary Differential Equation (nmODE) in long-term memory retention and nonlinear representation capabilities, we effectively improve the network's performance in keypoint detection branching tasks. Additionally, we integrate a novel hybrid transformer based on residual structures and a multi-stage dilated dynamic convolution to alleviate false detections caused by X-ray obstruction and shadows, and the integration also captures the relationship between vertebrae and landmarks to compensate for the lack of detailed information. We constructed a dataset named CSL-947X, comprising 947 cervical spine lateral X-ray images of patients to train and evaluate our proposed model. Extensive experiments on CSL-947X demonstrate that our framework achieves higher accuracy and outperforms most state-of-the-art methods. These results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and its potential feasibility as a clinical decision-making tool for healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of single-balloon enteroscopy endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (SBE-ERC) for the treatment of biliary obstruction and to analyze the factors affecting the recurrence of benign bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after SBE-ERC treatment. Methods: The clinical data of patients with biliary diseases treated with SBE-ERC after choledochojejunostomy in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively for the success rates of diagnosis and treatment and the incidence of complications. Patients who were diagnosed with benign bilioenteric anastomotic stricture were followed up. The independent factors affecting recurrence were obtained by univariate and multivariate analyses using the Kaplan‒Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: A total of 289 SBE-ERCs were performed in 165 patients. The overall success rate was 83.0% (240/289). The incidence of postoperative complications was 5.2% (15/289). The 108 successfully treated patients diagnosed with benign bilioenteric anastomotic stricture were followed up. Twenty-six percent (29/108) of patients had recurrent stricture after SBE-ERC. The biliary patency rates at 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after SBE-ERC were 90.1%, 69.3%, and 53.9%, respectively. Single-factor analysis revealed the absence of intrahepatic biliary gas imaging during endoscopy ( χ 2 =5.366, P = 0.021), a diameter of balloon dilatation during the last endoscopic treatment less than 0.8 cm ( χ 2 =4.552, P = 0.033), and the presence of a thread in the anastomosis ( χ 2 =8.921, P = 0.003) as risk factors for recurrence. A non-indwelling biliary plastic stent ( χ 2 =14.868, P < 0.001) and undergoing only one ERCP treatment ( χ 2 =13.313, P = 0.001) were risk factors for the recurrence of benign stricture after SBE-ERC resection. Multivariate analysis revealed that the absence of a stent (HR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.06–0.40, P = 0.001), absence of intrahepatic biliary gas imaging during endoscopy (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17–0.91, P = 0.03) and the presence of a thread in the anastomosis (HR = 3.69, 95% CI 1.59–8.57, P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for stricture recurrence. Conclusions: Treating biliary disease after choledochojejunostomy with SBE-ERC is safe and effective, with a good immediate technical success rate and an acceptable incidence of complications. SBE-ERC has long-term efficacy in the treatment of benign bilioenteric anastomotic stricture. The absence of intrahepatic biliary gas imaging during endoscopy, non-indwelling biliary stents and the existence of anastomotic threads are independent risk factors for the recurrence of benign bilioenteric anastomotic stricture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The reliability of solder joints is closely related to the growth of an intermetallic compound (IMC) layer between the lead-free solder and substrate interface. This paper aims to investigate the growth behavior of the interfacial IMC layer during isothermal aging at 125°C for Sn-3Ag-3Sb-xIn/Cu (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Wt.%) solder joints with different In contents and commercial Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu/Cu solder joints. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, Sn-3Ag-3Sb-xIn/Cu (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Wt.%) and commercial Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu/Cu solder were prepared for bonding Cu substrate. Then these samples were subjected to isothermal aging for 0, 2, 8, 14, 25 and 45 days. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the soldering interface reaction and the difference in IMC growth behavior during the isothermal aging process. Findings: When the concentration of In in the Sn-3Ag-3Sb-xIn/Cu solder joints exceeded 2 Wt.%, a substantial amount of InSb particles were produced. These particles acted as a diffusion barrier, impeding the growth of the IMC layer at the interface. The growth of the Cu3Sn layer during the aging process was strongly correlated with the presence of In. The growth rate of the Cu3Sn layer was significantly reduced when the In concentration exceeded 3 Wt.%. Originality/value: The addition of In promotes the formation of InSb particles in Sn-3Ag-3Sb-xIn/Cu solder joints. These particles limit the growth of the total IMC layer, while a higher In content also slows the growth of the Cu3Sn layer. This study is significant for designing alloy compositions for new high-reliability solders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammalian cochlea spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are crucial for sound transmission, they can be damaged by chemotherapy drug cisplatin and lead to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), while such damage can also render cochlear implants ineffective. However, the mechanisms underlying cisplatin‐induced SGNs damage and subsequent SNHL are still under debate and there is no currently effective clinical treatment. Here, this study demonstrates that ferroptosis is triggered in SGNs following exposure to cisplatin. Inhibiting ferroptosis protects against cisplatin‐induced SGNs damage and hearing loss, while inducing ferroptosis intensifies these effects. Furthermore, cisplatin prompts nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)‐mediated ferritinophagy in SGNs, while knocking down NCOA4 mitigates cisplatin‐induced ferroptosis and hearing loss. Notably, the upstream regulator of NCOA4 is identified and transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is shown to directly suppress NCOA4 expression in SGNs. The knocking down of FOXO1 amplifies NCOA4‐mediated ferritinophagy, increases ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation, while disrupting the interaction between FOXO1 and NCOA4 in NCOA4 knock out mice prevents the cisplatin‐induced SGN ferroptosis and hearing loss. Collectively, this study highlights the critical role of the FOXO1‐NCOA4 axis in regulating ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in cisplatin‐induced SGNs damage, offering promising therapeutic targets for SNHL mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonable energy level alignment of molecules is conducive to constructing high‐performance blue emitter. Pyrene is a common building unit in blue emitters with a big energy gap between S1 and T1 (ΔES1‐T1) and small ΔES1‐Tn (n = 2‐3). By introducing donor and acceptor groups in pyrene, the high‐lying triplet excitons are utilized through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) channel in obtained blue "hot exciton" emitter CPPCN. Herein, through changing the donor linking type to ortho‐substituted, the obtained derivatives o‐CPPCN exhibited deeper blue emission (λmax = 448 nm) and a higher krisc (3.1×108 s−1). The non‐doped device based on o‐CPPCN demonstrates a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 10.3% with a CIEy of 0.11, along with an exciton utilization of 55%. Photophysical measurements indicate the performance difference between the CPPCN and o‐CPPCN originates from the energy level alignment difference. Compared with CPPCN (0.26 eV), the ΔES1‐T2 of o‐CPPCN has been reduced to 0.10 eV, proving the smaller gap between T2 and S1 state can promote the RISC process. Hence, o‐CPPCN can be employed as the host to prepare "hot exciton" sensitized blue OLED due to its wide band gap and high krisc. The corresponding EQEmax of the doped device can be further improved to 11.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, hydrodynamic invisibility cloaks have attracted significant attention from the scientific and engineering communities due to their potential in applications such as fluid flow manipulation, drag reduction, submarine stealth, and biomedical engineering. However, cloaks based on transformation mapping theory typically require porous medium flow, limiting practical implementation. To address this, we draw inspiration from Hele-Shaw flow and develop a homogeneous hydrodynamic cloak composed of multiple layers in free fluid flow at low Reynolds numbers (R e ≪ 1). Through structural optimization, we construct a cloaking shell with ten concentric layers of alternating heights, achieving near-perfect cloaking as demonstrated by simulations and experiments. This non-porous cloak design offers valuable insights into the rapidly advancing field of hydrodynamic metamaterials and enables methods for controlling fluid flow at the microscale, with promising applications in microfluidics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconfigurable phototransistors featuring bipolar photoresponses are favorable for manipulating high-performance neuromorphic vision sensory. Here, we present a momentum-conserved reconfigurable phototransistor based on the van der Waals heterojunction between methylammonium lead iodide perovskite and two-dimensional Bi2O2Se semiconductor, which exhibits a synergistic interplay of interband hot-carrier transitions and reconfigurable heterointerface band alignments, eventually achieving the ultrahigh bipolar optoelectronic performances with the photoresponsivity of 6×107 AW−1, accompanied by the specific detectivity of 5.2×1011 Jones, and the dynamic range of 110 dB. Moreover, A 3×3 heterotransistor array is fabricated to perform in-sensor analog multiply-accumulate operations even under the challenging dim illumination of 0.1 μWcm−2 that comparable to natural moonlight. The reconfigurable heterotransistor array can be further adopted to enhance the traffic-light detection under dim-light conditions. Our advancement in momentum-conserved reconfigurable heterotransistor signifies a leap forward in real-time, energy-efficient, and low-light image processing for neuromorphic vision sensors. Xu et al. report reconfigurable phototransistors based on MAPbI3/Bi2O2Se heterostructure, with momentum conservation promotes hot carrier extraction and interlayer carrier transport. Heterotransistor array enables traffic light signal detection under dim light, assisted by YOLOv4 neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) released from reactors possesses significant radioactivity, heat release properties, and high-value radioactive nuclides. Therefore, using chemical methods for reprocessing can enhance economic efficiency and reduce the potential environmental risks of nuclear energy. Due to the presence of relatively diffuse f-electrons, the chemical properties of trivalent lanthanides (Ln(III)) and actinides (An(III)) in SNF solutions are quite similar. Separation methods have several limitations, including poor separation efficiency and the need for multiple stripping agents. The use of novel multi-dental phenanthroline-derived extractants with nitrogen donor atoms to effectively separate An(III) over Ln(III) has been widely accepted. This review first introduces the development history of phenanthroline-derived extractants for extraction and complexation with An(III) over Ln(III). Then, based on structural differences, these extractants are classified into four categories: nitrogen-coordinated, N,O-hybrid coordinated, highly preorganized structure, and unsymmetric structure. Each category's design principles, extraction, and separation performance as well as their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, we have summarized and compared the unique characteristics of the existing extractants and provided an outlook. This work may offer a reliable reference for the precise identification and selective separation between An(III) and Ln(III), and point the way for future development and exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to interpret real-world clinical data to analyze the surgical safety and survival outcomes of patients with initial unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) after conversion therapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 2984 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients hospitalized in Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from June 1st, 2019 to June 1st, 2023. Clinicopathological features, response to systemic and/or loco-regional treatments, surgical resection rate after conversion therapy, surgical safety, and postoperative recurrence were analyzed. Results: A total of 38 patients were successfully converted to obtain surgical resection. 35 patients underwent radical resection. A high objective response rate (ORR) (52.6% under RECIST v1.1 and 78.9% under mRECIST criteria) was observed in patients under conversion therapy, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 100%. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was 42.9%. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade were observed in 37 patients (97.4%). Safety of conversion or direct surgery continues to improve. The median follow-up time was 19.3 months. The 1-year Disease-free survival (DFS) rate of patients with direct surgery and patients with conversion surgery were 91.4% and 86.8%, respectively. Conclusions: With conversion therapy, a small percentage (1.81%) of uHCC patients are likely to be converted to radical resection. Local combined systemic therapy is a relatively safe and effective conversion therapy, and the safety of surgery is gradually improved after successful conversion. Preliminary follow-up data showed satisfactory survival benefits for patients undergoing conversion surgery. Trial registration: This was a retrospective study and it did not interfere with treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steroid hormones, recognized as emerging environmental contaminants, have garnered increasing attention in recent years. The present work studied the distribution characteristics in the environment, bioaccumulation in aquatic products, and the associated environmental and health risks of typical steroid hormones from commercial freshwater aquaculture farms operating under different aquaculture modes (monoculture and polyculture). Totals of 9 and 14 steroid hormones were detected in water and sediment samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.66 ± 0.17 ng/L to 40.5 ± 5.08 ng/L and from 0.36 ± 0.08 ng/g to 123 ± 19.9 ng/g, respectively. Hazard index (HI) calculations indicated that all sampling locations were identified as medium or high risk for both water and sediment matrices. Nineteen steroids were detected in at least one type of tissue, with the concentrations in the bile, plasma, muscle, liver, and gill ranging from 5000 L/kg). Notably, despite low estimated daily intakes (EDIs) (0.43–6.43 ng/day/person to 18.7 ng/day/person) and hazard quotients (HQs) (below 4.188 × 10−7), the high bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) underscore the necessity for stringent regulatory measures by local governments. Additionally, a comparison of EDI results across different aquaculture modes and fish species revealed that steroid hormone-related health risks to humans are influenced by both the fish species and the aquaculture mode. This study indicated that the consumption of poly-cultured fish (e.g., bighead carp) may pose a greater steroid-related health risk, compared to the consumption of mono-cultured fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AgIn5S8, a narrow, direct bandgap semiconductor, has gained much attention in photocatalysis due to its excellent visible-light absorption coefficient, good photoconductivity, light stability and biocompatibility. Thus, it is a promising active material for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. In this review, synthesis methods of different AgIn5S8-based photocatalysts are introduced in detail first, such as solid-state reaction methods, hydrothermal/solvothermal methods, and microwave synthesis methods. Subsequently, photocatalytic degradation improvement strategies of AgIn5S8-based photocatalysts are systematically summarized, mainly including morphology control, defect engineering, doping, surface plasmon resonance effects and constructing heterojunctions. The perspective and the future challenge are provided at the end. This review can accelerate the development of AgIn5S8-based photocatalysts in related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mildew infestation is a significant cause of loss during grain storage. The growth and metabolism of mildew leads to changes in gas composition and temperature within granaries. Recent advances in sensor technology and machine learning enable the prediction of grain mildew during storage. Current research primarily focuses on predicting mildew occurrence or grading using simple machine learning methods, without in-depth exploration of the time series characteristics of mildew process data. A monitoring device was designed and developed to capture high-quality microenvironment parameters and image data during a simulated mildew process experiment. Using the "Yongyou 15" rice varieties from Zhejiang Province, five simulation experiments were conducted under varying temperature and humidity conditions between January and May 2023. Mildew grades were defined through manual analysis to construct a multimodal dataset for the rice mildew process. This study proposes a combined model (CNN–LSTM–A) that integrates convolutional neural networks (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and attention mechanisms to predict the mildew grade of stored rice. The proposed model was compared with LSTM, CNN–LSTM, and LSTM–Attention models. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms the others, achieving a prediction accuracy of 98%. The model demonstrates superior accuracy and more stable performance. The generalization performance of the prediction model was evaluated using four experimental datasets with varying storage temperature and humidity conditions. The results show that the model achieves optimal prediction stability when the training set contains similar storage temperatures, with prediction accuracy exceeding 99.8%. This indicates that the model can effectively predict the mildew grades in rice under varying environmental conditions, demonstrating significant potential for grain mildew prediction and early warning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescents may have anxiety due to a series of events such as school work and social interaction. Improper handling of anxiety often leads to some negative consequences, such as Internet addiction. Therefore, this study further explored the relationship between anxiety and Internet addiction, as well as the mediating role of inhibitory control between the two, and also considered the moderating role of physical activity between anxiety and inhibitory control. Methods: A total of 1607 adolescents, comprising 664 boys and 943 girls with an average age of 15.86 years (SD = 0.73), from Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, and Hunan provinces completed a self-report survey on physical activity, anxiety, inhibitory control, and Internet addiction. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation test were conducted. Results: The results revealed a significant positive correlation between anxiety and adolescent internet addiction (r = 0.413, p < 0.001), and a significant negative correlation with inhibitory control (r = -0.423, p < 0.001). Inhibitory control was found to be significantly positively correlated with physical exercise (r = 0.143, p < 0.001) and significantly negatively correlated with internet addiction (r = -0.368, p < 0.001). After controlling for demographic variables, anxiety significantly positively predicted Internet addiction (β = 0.311, p < 0.001) in adolescents, and it also indirectly predicted Internet addiction through inhibitory control (β = -0.231, p < 0.001). Physical activity significantly weakened the predictive effect of anxiety on inhibitory control (β = -0.092, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study further explored the issue of psychological mechanisms between anxiety and Internet addiction in adolescents, and added that physical activity alleviates the negative effects of anxiety on adolescents. Schools and families are encouraged to promote physical exercise among adolescents to alleviate the influence of negative emotions on their psychological and behavioral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchically structured materials are considered to be one of the important options to enhance the mass transportation efficiency in microporous zeolites. Herein, we reported a highly efficient steam-assisted crystallization strategy for the synthesis of a hierarchical TS-1 zeolite with a tunable macropore size. The amorphous SiO2–TiO2 precursor dissolved gradually and acted as both a nutrient supplier and macropore template in situ. The framework Ti content of the synthesized TS-1 zeolites could be tuned over a wide range (Ti wt% = 0.70–1.39) by varying the Ti content of the SiO2–TiO2 precursor. Moreover, the pore size of the macropores could be modulated according to the particle size of the precursor based on the investigation of the formation mechanism of the macropores in the hierarchical TS-1 zeolite. The hierarchical TS-1 zeolite exhibited better catalytic activity in the epoxidation reaction of 1-hexene and hydroxylation of phenol compared to the typical microporous zeolites. The improved performance of the hierarchical TS-1 zeolite was probably caused by the improved diffusion performance of the hierarchical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Collegiate mental health continues to be a worrisome public health concern among college students in the U.S. The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has caused an upward trend of mental health crises, especially among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQ+) college students. The objective of this study was to assess the mental health statuses, attitudes towards disease control and mitigation measures, and coping strategies among this vulnerable group. Methods: A web-based survey was conducted at a medium-sized public university in the mid-Atlantic region during the summer and fall of 2021 when COVID-19 was still a major public health concern. The survey was distributed through the listservs of the college and was advertised through campus-wide social media. Descriptive and inferential statistics including a t-test for the differences in group means and a logit regression model for comparing the groups were used. Results: Our final sample is composed of 611 students with 79% of the respondents identifying as straight, and 20% in the LGBTQ+ group. Our results showed that LGBTQ+ students exhibited higher levels of anxiety and fear compared to the non-LGBTQ+ groups. Also, a large proportion of LGBTQ+ students were negatively impacted by the pandemic as compared to the non-LGBTQ+ groups (p = 0.05), while they generally have more positive views on the public health measures to alleviate the adverse impacts from COVID-19 (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Public health emergency management should adopt appropriate strategies and adapt their services to support the mental health needs of LGBTQ+ students. Our study highlighted the need to design tailored health promotion programs and enhance support systems for LGBTQ+ college students during similar emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults’ functional and intrinsic abilities may decline with increasing age. The positive effects of comprehensive community-based rehabilitation services to maintain physical, mental, and social function are essential. Nevertheless, few tools are available to assess the community-based rehabilitation needs of older adults. Therefore, we aimed to construct a list for the comprehensive evaluation of community-based rehabilitation needs of older adults. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) was used to construct a first draft of the assessment list. From September to November 2023, 18 experts from five provinces and nine tertiary hospitals and institutions of higher education in China participated in this Delphi study. The older adult community-based rehabilitation needs evaluation list included six dimensions and 29 items. The weights of the six dimensions, from high to low, included mental function rehabilitation need (0.30), body function rehabilitation need (0.24), social participation need (0.18), individual activity rehabilitation need (0.14), environmental rehabilitation need (0.09) and rehabilitation information need (0.05). Using the Delphi method, an assessment list of older adult community-based rehabilitation needs based on ICF was developed. Future work should evaluate the list’s reliability and validity and its application in managing community-based rehabilitation for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Childhood psychological abuse (CPA) is highly associated with depression among college students. However, the underlying mechanisms between these variables need further exploration. This study aims to investigate internet addiction as a mediating factor and alexithymia and its different dimensions as moderating factors, to further complement the psychological mechanisms between CPA and depression among college students. Methods: A self-report survey was conducted on 625 college students from two universities in Hunan Province, China. The survey included CPA, internet addiction, alexithymia, and depression. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed on these variables, and a moderated mediation model was constructed. Results: CPA is positively correlated with depression, internet addiction, and alexithymia among college students. Internet addiction partially mediates the relationship between CPA and depression among college students, while alexithymia enhances the relationship between CPA and internet addiction as well as depression among college students. The moderating effect of the different dimensions of alexithymia is inconsistent, with the modulation effect of difficulty in identifying feelings being the strongest. Conclusion: This study further elucidates the psychological mechanisms between CPA and depression among college students. Internet addiction serves as a mediating factor, while alexithymia may strengthen the relationship between CPA and internet addiction, as well as between CPA and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants such as herbs, vegetables, fruits, and cereals are closely related to human life. Developing effective testing methods to ensure their safety and quantify their active components are of significant importance. Recently, nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity (known as nanozymes) have been widely developed in various assays, including colorimetric, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and electrochemical analysis. This review presents the latest advances in analyzing phytochemicals and hazardous substances in plant samples based on nanozymes, including some active ingredients, organophosphorus pesticides, heavy metal ions, and mycotoxins. Additionally, the current shortcomings and challenges of the actual sample analysis were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), characterized by its non‐destructive and in situ nature, plays a crucial role in comprehending the thermodynamic and kinetic processes occurring within Li‐ion batteries. However, there is a lack of consistent and coherent physical interpretations for the EIS of porous electrodes. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct thorough investigations into the underlying physical mechanisms of EIS. Herein, by employing reference electrode in batteries, we revisit the associated physical interpretation of EIS at different frequencies. Combining different battery configurations, temperature‐dependent experiments, and elaborated distribution of relaxation time analysis, we find that the ion transport in porous electrode channels and pseudo‐capacitance behavior dominate the high‐frequency and mid‐frequency impedance arcs, respectively. This work offers a perspective for the physical interpretation of EIS and also sheds light on the understanding of EIS characteristics in other advanced energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Childhood psychological abuse (CPA) is highly associated with depression among college students. However, the underlying mechanisms between these variables need further exploration. This study aims to investigate internet addiction as a mediating factor and alexithymia and its different dimensions as moderating factors, to further complement the psychological mechanisms between CPA and depression among college students. Methods: A self-report survey was conducted on 625 college students from two universities in Hunan Province, China. The survey included CPA, internet addiction, alexithymia, and depression. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed on these variables, and a moderated mediation model was constructed. Results: CPA is positively correlated with depression, internet addiction, and alexithymia among college students. Internet addiction partially mediates the relationship between CPA and depression among college students, while alexithymia enhances the relationship between CPA and internet addiction as well as depression among college students. The moderating effect of the different dimensions of alexithymia is inconsistent, with the modulation effect of difficulty in identifying feelings being the strongest. Conclusion: This study further elucidates the psychological mechanisms between CPA and depression among college students. Internet addiction serves as a mediating factor, while alexithymia may strengthen the relationship between CPA and internet addiction, as well as between CPA and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), characterized by its non‐destructive and in situ nature, plays a crucial role in comprehending the thermodynamic and kinetic processes occurring within Li‐ion batteries. However, there is a lack of consistent and coherent physical interpretations for the EIS of porous electrodes. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct thorough investigations into the underlying physical mechanisms of EIS. Herein, by employing reference electrode in batteries, we revisit the associated physical interpretation of EIS at different frequencies. Combining different battery configurations, temperature‐dependent experiments, and elaborated distribution of relaxation time analysis, we find that the ion transport in porous electrode channels and pseudo‐capacitance behavior dominate the high‐frequency and mid‐frequency impedance arcs, respectively. This work offers a perspective for the physical interpretation of EIS and also sheds light on the understanding of EIS characteristics in other advanced energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, yet its role in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains elusive. Herein, we elucidated the function and molecular mechanism of HNRNPC in PTC tumorigenesis and progression. Our study unveiled a significant upregulation of HNRNPC in PTC, and knockdown of HNRNPC markedly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of BCPAP cells. Furthermore, HNRNPC modulated PKM alternative splicing in BCPAP cells primarily through m6A modification. Additionally, by upregulating PKM2 expression, HNRNPC promoted aerobic glycolysis in BCPAP cells, thereby facilitating malignant progression in PTC. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HNRNPC regulates PKM alternative splicing through m6A methylation modification and promotes the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of PTC through glucose metabolism pathways mediated by PKM2. These discoveries provide new biomarkers for screening and diagnosing PTC patients and offer novel therapeutic targets for personalized treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP)-targeted polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1) has attracted much attention by virtue of its importance in bacterial pathogenicity and persistence, as well as its exclusive presence in microorganisms. However, only very few drugs have been found to be efficacious in inhibiting the Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) PPK1 protein. Results: In this study, we identified Scutellarein (Scu), a potent PPK1 inhibitor that could significantly influence PPK1-regulated motility, biofilm formation, and bacterial persistence, which was further validated by the results of transcriptome analysis. Mechanistic explorations revealed that Scu achieved its enzyme inhibitory activity predominantly through direct engagement with the active center of PPK1. Moreover, the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae was increased by about 35% with 20 mg/kg of Scu treatment. The remarkable therapeutic benefits of Scu were also observed in the mouse pneumonia model, shown mainly by reduced bacterial colonization, pathological lesions, and inflammatory factors. Conclusion: Our results revealed that Scu could attenuate the pathogenicity and persistence of A. baumannii by interfering with its important kinase PPK1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The benefits of lowering heart rate (HR) in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients are still a matter of debate. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in HR during hospitalization and cardiovascular (CV) events and all‐cause death in hospitalized HFpEF patients. Methods and results: Hospitalized HF patients between January 2017 and December 2021 were consecutively enrolled in a national, multicentred, and prospective registry database, the China Cardiovascular Association Database‐HF Center Registry. HF patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of ≥50% were defined as HFpEF patients. The study analysed admission/discharge HR, change in HR during hospitalization (∆HR), and ∆HR ratio (∆HR/admission HR). The patients were categorized into three groups: no HR dropping group (ΔHR ratio > 0.0%), moderate HR dropping group (−15% < ΔHR ratio ≤ 0.0%), and excessive HR dropping group (ΔHR ratio ≤ −15%). All patients were followed up for 12 months. The primary endpoint was CV events (CV death or HF rehospitalization). The secondary endpoint was all‐cause death. A total of 19 510 HFpEF patients (9750 males, mean age 71.9 ± 12.2 years) were included, with 4575 in the no HR dropping group, 8434 in the moderate HR dropping group, and 6501 in the excessive HR dropping group. Excessive HR dropping during hospitalization was significantly associated with an increased risk of CV events (17.1%) compared with the no HR dropping group (14.5%, P < 0.001) or the moderate HR dropping group (14.0%, P < 0.001), although all‐cause mortality was similar among the three groups. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, excessive HR dropping remained an independent predictor of increased CV event risk [hazard ratio 1.197, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.078–1.328]. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prognostic impact of excessive HR dropping on increased CV event risk remained in the subgroups of older age, New York Heart Association class IV, ischaemic HF, higher left ventricular ejection fraction, absence of chronic kidney disease, and use of beta‐blockers or ivabradine. Independent determinants associated with excessive HR dropping during admission included use of beta‐blockers [odds ratio (OR) 1.683, 95% CI 1.558–1.819], lower discharge diastolic blood pressure (OR 0.988, 95% CI 0.985–0.991), no pacemaker (OR 0.501, 95% CI 0.416–0.603), coexisting atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (OR 1.327, 95% CI 1.218–1.445), and use of digoxin (OR 1.340, 95% CI 1.213–1.480). Conclusions: In hospitalized HFpEF patients, excessive HR dropping during hospitalization is associated with an increased risk of CV death or HF rehospitalization. These findings highlight the importance of HR monitoring and avoiding excessively slowing down HR in hospitalized HFpEF patients to reduce the risk of CV events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navigating mobile robots in crowded environments poses a significant challenge and is essential for the coexistence of robots and humans in future intelligent societies. As a pragmatic data-driven approach, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) holds promise for addressing this challenge. However, current DRL-based navigation methods have possible improvements in understanding agent interactions, feedback mechanism design, and decision foresight in dynamic environments. This paper introduces the model inductive bias enhanced deep reinforcement learning (MIBE-DRL) method, drawing inspiration from a fusion of data-driven and model-driven techniques. MIBE-DRL extensively incorporates model inductive bias into the deep reinforcement learning framework, enhancing the efficiency and safety of robot navigation. The proposed approach entails a multi-interaction network featuring three modules designed to comprehensively understand potential agent interactions in dynamic environments. The pedestrian interaction module can model interactions among humans, while the temporal and spatial interaction modules consider agent interactions in both temporal and spatial dimensions. Additionally, the paper constructs a reward system that fully accounts for the robot's direction and position factors. This system's directional and positional reward functions are built based on artificial potential fields (APF) and navigation rules, respectively, which can provide reasoned evaluations for the robot's motion direction and position during training, enabling it to receive comprehensive feedback. Furthermore, the incorporation of Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) facilitates the development of a foresighted action strategy, enabling robots to execute actions with long-term planning considerations. Experimental results demonstrate that integrating model inductive bias significantly enhances the navigation performance of MIBE-DRL. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, MIBE-DRL achieves the highest success rate in crowded environments and demonstrates advantages in navigation time and maintaining a safe social distance from humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relying solely on electrical energy storage for energy regulation makes it difficult to provide a stable and efficient energy supply for microgrid systems currently. Additionally, the economic cost of microgrids and the rate of energy use present a challenge that must be addressed. A strategy for allocating capacity for multi-energy microgrids that takes energy efficiency and hydrogen energy into account is offered as a solution to the aforementioned issues. Initially, the construction of the multi-energy microgrid system takes into account the thermoelectric coupling properties of hydrogen energy devices. Second, the system's energy utilization level is measured using the exergy efficiency analysis. Next, the multi-objective capacity optimization allocation model of the multi-energy microgrid system is established, with the exergy efficiency and system economic cost serving as the objective functions. Lastly, the multi-objective model is solved using the ε -constraint approach to find the Pareto frontier, and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution is employed for decision-making. The example results demonstrate that, when compared to a traditional microgrid using electric energy storage, the proposed model can effectively lower the system's economic cost and improve exergy efficiency. Additionally, multi-objective capacity optimization can be used to strike a balance between exergy efficiency and the system's economic cost. For relevant studies on the capacity allocation of multi-energy microgrids, this work can be a helpful resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body conformation traits are linked to the health, longevity, reproductivity, and production performance of cattle. These traits are also crucial for herd selection and developing new breeds. This study utilized pedigree information and phenotypic (1185 records) and genomic (The resequencing of 496 Xinjiang Brown cattle generated approximately 74.9 billion reads.) data of Xinjiang Brown cattle to estimate the genetic parameters, perform factor analysis, and conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for these traits. Our results indicated that most traits exhibit moderate to high heritability. The principal factors, which explained 59.12% of the total variance, effectively represented body frame, muscularity, rump, feet and legs, and mammary system traits. Their heritability estimates range from 0.17 to 0.73, with genetic correlations ranging from −0.53 to 0.33. The GWAS identified 102 significant SNPs associated with 12 body conformation traits. A few of the SNPs were located near previously reported genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs), while others were novel. The key candidate genes such as LCORL, NCAPG, and FAM184B were annotated within 500 Kb upstream and downstream of the significant SNPs. Therefore, factor analysis can be used to simplify multidimensional conformation traits into new variables, thus reducing the computational burden. The identified candidate genes from GWAS can be incorporated into the genomic selection of Xinjiang Brown cattle, enhancing the reliability of breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of anxiety and inhibitory control in the relationship between physical activity and Internet addiction (IA) among adolescents. A total of 951 adolescents from western China completed a self-report survey assessing physical activity, anxiety, inhibitory control, and IA. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS software and the Process plug-in. Controlling for age, gender, and only child status, the findings revealed a negative association between physical activity and anxiety, inhibitory control, and IA. Moreover, anxiety were positively correlated with inhibitory control and IA. Additionally, anxiety exhibited a positive association with inhibitory control. Notably, physical activity directly and negatively predicted IA in adolescents, while also indirectly predicting it through anxiety and inhibitory control. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the complex effects of physical activity on IA among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During visual search, representations in working memory (WM) can guide the deployment of attention toward memory-matching visual input. Although previous studies have demonstrated that multisensory interactions facilitate WM and visual search, it remains unclear whether multisensory interaction influences attentional capture by WM. To address this issue, the present study adopted a dual-task paradigm, pairing a visual search task with a WM task, in which the memory modality was manipulated to be either visual or audiovisual. The results revealed that memory-driven attentional capture was observed under the visual and the audiovisual condition. Additionally, the capture effects and response time (RT) costs under the audiovisual condition were weaker than those under the visual condition, even on the trials with the earliest RTs. Furthermore, RT benefits under the audiovisual condition were comparable with those under the visual condition. These findings suggest that multisensory interactions can enhance cognitive control, leading to robust strategic effects and improved search performance. In this process, cognitive control tends to suppress the attentional capture by WM-matching distractors rather than enhance the attentional capture by WM-matching targets. The present study offers new insights into the influence of multisensory interactions on attentional capture by WM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]