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The poor dielectric properties of epoxy resins limit their application in microelectronics, and active ester curing agent is an effective means to enhance the dielectric properties of epoxy resins. However, the phenyl active ester curing resins nowadays have the problem of low mechanical properties. In this work, a novel naphthalene‐based active ester‐cured resveratrol epoxy resin system (REP/NDA) was prepared for the first time. Compared with the phenyl‐active ester‐cured epoxy resin (REP/PDA), the naphthyl‐active ester prepared epoxy resin has obvious advantages in mechanical properties. The experimental results indicated a tensile strength measurement for REP/NDA at 91.9 MPa, the tensile strength of REP/PDA was 65.3 MPa, and the tensile strength of REP/NDA was 141% of that of REP/PDA. The prepared REP/NDA epoxy resin exhibits favorable dielectric properties, evidenced by a dielectric constant of 3.02 at 10 MHz and a dielectric loss of 0.0042, very good thermal stability (T5% of 379°C), excellent water absorption (only 0.49% for 7 days from 2 to 8°C) and good dimensional stability (coefficient of thermal expansion below Tg of 77 ppm). The first synthesis of naphthalene‐based active ester curing agent offers a reference for creating new low dielectric epoxy resin materials that work out exceptionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twisted transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) homo-bilayers host unique quantum properties, which can be tuned by interlayer twist angle θ. However, the systematic evolution of their typical electronic properties with respect to the twist angle θ, which is crucial for identifying the “special angle” analogous to the “magic angle” of twisted bilayer graphene in correlation physics studies, remains incompletely understood. Here, via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), we investigate the variation of the moiré potential, flat band, and layer polarization characteristics across a wide range of twist angle θ in twisted bilayer MoS2 (TB-MoS2). The moiré potential of the valence band exhibits a non-monotonic variation with θ, peaking at a maximum value up to 204 meV at θ∼1.7°. Concurrently, at the same θ, the bandwidth of the flat band at the ΓV point of the valence band attains its minimum, precisely signifying the “special angle” θc∼1.7° in TB-MoS2. Interestingly, layer polarization in the moiré superlattice is spatially visualized through the distribution of local density of states (LDOS) at the energies of both ΓV and KV points of the valence band, where the polarization degree at the ΓV point demonstrates a close dependency on θ. Our findings deepen understanding of twist-angle effect in TMDs, advancing both fundamental physics and practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are key phytohormones influencing soybean development, yet their role in symbiosis remains unclear. Here, the RNA-Seq was used to identify important gene associated with BRs and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and the function of candidate gene was verified by transgenic hairy roots. The result shows that the RNA-Seq analysis was conducted in which BR signaling was found to suppress nodule formation and many DEGs enriched in immunity-related pathways. WGCNA analyses led to the identification of GmWRKY33a as being responsive to BR signaling in the context of symbiosis establishment. Transgenic hairy roots analyses indicated that GmWRKY33a served as a negative regulator of the establishment of symbiosis. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that BR signaling upregulates GmWRKY33a , leading to nodulation suppression and activation of soybean immune responses. In summary, our research revealed that BR suppresses root nodule formation by modulating the immune signaling pathway in soybean roots. We further identified that GmWRKY33a, a crucial transcription factor in BR signaling, plays a negative role in the symbiotic establishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common complications following general anesthesia, particularly in gynecological laparoscopic surgeries. This study aims to evaluate the effect of intraoperative noise isolation on PONV incidence. Method: This single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial will enroll 192 adult patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio and stratified by age into either the control group (Group C), without noise-cancelling headphones, or a noise reduction group (Group NR), using noise-cancelling headphones from anesthesia induction until the end of surgery. All patients will receive intraoperative dexamethasone and ondansetron prophylaxis. The primary outcome is the incidence of PONV within 48 h post-surgery. Secondary outcomes include PONV severity at 24 and 48 h, antiemetic use, pain scores, need for rescue analgesia, Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scores, Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) scores, hemodynamic interventions, extubation time, length of stay in PACU and hospital, adverse events (hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, desaturation after extubation, postoperative shivering, emergence agitation, allergic reactions, severe arrhythmias arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, hypothermia), patient satisfaction, and postoperative complications based on the Postoperative Morbidity Survey (POMS). Analyses will be conducted using modified intention-to-treat (mITT) and per-protocol (PP) populations. Discussion: We hypothesize that intraoperative use of noise-cancelling headphones will reduce PONV incidence in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. The findings could enhance postoperative care protocols for thoracoscopic gynecological procedures. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400087460). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interfacial molecular dipole enhances the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by facilitating improved charge extraction. However, conventional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) face challenges like inadequate interface coverage and weak dipole interactions. Herein, we develop a strategy using a self-assembled ferroelectric layer to modify the interfacial properties of PSCs. Specifically, we employ 1-adamantanamine hydroiodide (ADAI) to establish robust chemical interactions and create a dipole layer over the perovskite. The oriented molecular packing and spontaneous polarity of ferroelectric ADAI generate a substantial interfacial dipole, adjusting band bending at the anode, reducing band misalignment, and suppressing charge recombination. Consequently, our formamidinium lead iodide-based conventional PSC achieves efficiencies of 25.13% (0.06 cm2) and 23.5% (1.00 cm2) while exhibiting enhanced stability. Notably, we demonstrate an impressive efficiency of 25.59% (certified at 25.36%) in a 0.06 cm2 area for the inverted champion device, showcasing the promise of ferroelectric SAMs for PSCs performance enhancement. The conventional approach with applying self-assembled monolayer suffers from limited interface coverage and weaker dipole interactions. Here, authors employ ferroelectric molecule to construct a dipole layer, achieving certified efficiency of 25.36% for inverted perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tillage and stubble management play crucial roles in conservation agriculture, exerting a considerable influence on soil properties. This study aims to focus on the gaps in our understanding of how tillage and stubble management interact to affect the taxonomic and functional structure of the soil microbiome. Soil samples were collected from a long-term field trial implementing no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) with stubble retention and removal. Metagenomic sequencing facilitated the assembly of a gene catalog comprising 4.36 billion non-redundant genes. Stubble management markedly altered both the taxonomic and functional composition of the prokaryotic community, the addition of stubble caused a significant increase in Proteobacteria, but a decrease in Chloroflexi compared with no stubble. The key prokaryotic species and gene functions contributing most to the dissimilarity of the prokaryotic communities between the treatments with and without stubble were identified, including Rhodospirillum sp. Stubble retention increased the availability of carbon resources in the soil, resulting in a higher proportion of genes functional for metabolic activity and plant–pathogen interactions. However, tillage practice did not influence the structure or diversity of the soil prokaryote community. Our findings identify the target microbial species for future isolation, enabling the development of eco-friendly biofertilizers to promote sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of lesion demarcation during thoracoscopic anatomical lesion resection is fundamental for treating children with congenital lung malformation. Existing lesion demarcations do not always meet the needs of clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of near-infrared fluorescence imaging with nebulized inhalation of indocyanine green for thoracoscopic anatomical lesion resection in children with congenital lung malformation. Under the fluorescence scope, the area of uniform green fluorescence was produced when indocyanine green was distributed into normal lung tissue, and lesions showed little or no green fluorescence, thus delineating a clear fluorescent lesion demarcation. Under the guidance of fluorescent demarcation, all the patients except one case of extralobar sequestration underwent thoracoscopic anatomical lesion resection successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue repair is an extremely crucial part of clinical treatment. During the course of disease treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy cause tissue damage. On the other hand, Normal tissue from accidental or therapeutic exposure to high-dose radiation can cause severe tissue damage. There is an urgent need for developing medical countermeasures against radiation injury for tissue repair. Tissue repair involves the regeneration, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of tissue cells; imbalance of local tissue homeostasis, progressive chronic inflammation; decreased cell activity and stem cell function; and wound healing. Although many clinical treatments are currently available for tissue repair, they are expensive. The long recovery time and some unavoidable complications such as cell damage and the inflammatory reaction caused by radiotherapy have led to unsatisfactory results. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have similar tissue repair functions as MSCs. In tissue damage, EVs can be used as an alternative to stem cell therapy, thereby avoiding related complications such as immunological rejection. EVs play a major role in regulating tissue damage, anti-inflammation, pro-proliferation, and immune response, thus providing a diversified and efficient solution for the repair of disease- and radiotherapy-induced tissue damage. This article reviews the research progress of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs in promoting the repair of tissue including heart, lung, liver, intestine, skin, blood system, central nervous system, and tissue damage caused by radiotherapy, thereby aiming to offer new directions and ideas for the radiotherapy and regenerative applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing Watson's ϕ 7 8 transformation formula, we unearth several q-supercongruences with a parameter s. Particularly, one of our results is an extension of a q-analogue of Van Hamme's (G.2) supercongruence. In addition, we obtain a q-supercongruence modulo the fifth power of a cyclotomic polynomial and propose two related conjectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a compact intracavity difference-frequency generation (DFG) source designed for mid-infrared (mid-IR) applications. By optimizing overlap between the pump and signal beams, we obtained a black-box efficiency ( η B B ) of 3.4% W⁻1 and a maximum DFG output power of 63 mW at a wavelength of 3437 nm for a 50 mm long periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. The mid-IR laser was systematically studied for various PPLN lengths (29 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm), demonstrating extensive tunability across a range of mid-IR wavelengths. Stability assessments over short-term (2 min) and long-term (2 h) periods were also investigated, showing stability values of 0.91% and 1.08%, respectively. These advancements position our DFG laser as a promising candidate for potential applications in greenhouse gas detection and satellite communication, addressing the growing demand for reliable and efficient mid-IR sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polymyxins have been regarded as last-line treatment for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Nonetheless, concerns regarding toxicity persist. This study aimed to explore and compare potential adverse events (AEs) between colistin and polymyxin B (PMB). Methods: Polymyxins-related AEs were retrieved from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System between 2004 and 2022. Potential signals were estimated by the reporting odds ratio (ROR), and subgroup analyses were preformed to adjust for potential factors in AEs with significant disproportionality. Results: Analysis of 3,915 records involving 718 patients revealed a higher disproportionality of renal and urinary disorders (ROR 1.62, 95% CI 1.01–2.59) and acute kidney injury (ROR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07–2.87) with colistin treatment. Conversely, colistin exhibited a lower risk for neurotoxicity (ROR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30–0.73). Seven cases of skin hyperpigmentation were reported with PMB, whereas none were reported with colistin. Over 80% of cases involving polymyxin-related AEs occurred during the first two weeks of therapies, with a median onset time of 4.5 days. Conclusions: Patients received colistin displayed a higher potential risk of nephrotoxicity but a lower risk of neurotoxicity. Clinicians should be vigilant in monitoring the AEs of hyperpigmentation disorders induced by PMB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐adaptive applications are becoming increasingly attractive, with the ability to smartly understand their runtime environments (or contexts) and deliver adaptive services, for example, location‐aware navigation or resource‐sensitive suggestions. However, due to inherent noises in the process of sensing and interpreting environmental information, there is a growing demand for guarding the consistency of collected contexts to avoid application misbehaviour and, at the same time, minimize extra costs. Existing work attempted to achieve this by speeding up the kernel constraint checking module inside the consistency guarding process. Most of these efforts were spent on reusing previous checking results or parallelizing the checking process, but they all leave one central step of constraint checking, that is, link generation, untouched. In this step, the checking engine provides reasons to explain the violation of constraints under check. It occupies a substantial part of the total time cost. Focusing on this key link generation step, we proposed MG, which deploys a rigourous analysis to automatically identify and avoid redundancy in the link generation without harming any correctness of the checking results. MG has been proven sound (always guaranteeing correctness) and complete (entirely removing redundancy). Moreover, based on our observation that MG's redundancy elimination also assists another core step of constraint checking to reduce unnecessary computation further, we additionally enhance MG with an escape‐condition optimization to escape unnecessary evaluation of truth values to further improve the efficiency of constraint checking in an aspect other than link generation. We call it MG+ for distinguishing. Our experiments with synthesized and real‐world consistency constraints reported that, compared with existing work, MG eliminates all link redundancy (83% to 0%), and based on it, MG+ further reduces significant truth value calculations (e.g., 49.74% reduction when combined with ECC and Con‐C). Generally, MG brought 14×$$ \times $$–500×$$ \times $$ speed‐ups in link generation, and MG+ further made 1.2×$$ \times $$–1.9×$$ \times $$ speed‐ups in truth value evaluation. Altogether, MG reduced the total constraint checking time up to 45.4%, and MG+ reduced it up to 61.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous wind farms are planned and built in the coastal or forest-to-grassland transition areas with abrupt rough-to-smooth surface roughness change. Behind the abrupt change, the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) undergoes a complex transition process which brings big challenges to the canonical wake models of wind turbines. To this end, we employ large eddy simulation (LES) to investigate the development of the ABL and the evolution of wind-turbine wakes at different positions under roughness abruption from rough to smooth, and propose a novel analytical wake model. Due to the abrupt change of surface roughness, pressure gradient forms around the abruption and the internal boundary layer (IBL) develops downstream. The wind turbine near the abruption point is influenced by the pressure gradient, resulting in smaller wake width, while those situated within the IBL are significantly affected by the flow transition, resulting in systematic differences in wake recovery. To explicitly account for the flow transition in the wake model, we introduce an equivalent additional thrust to represent the momentum contribution caused by both background velocity and Reynolds stress. A detailed budget analysis is then conducted around the wind turbine and shows that the equivalent additional thrust is highly correlated with the streamwise turbulence intensity. Finally, a new wake model under roughness abruption is developed and compared with the LES data. Results show that the proposed model demonstrates superior performance over the existing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the marine environment, floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are exposed to perturbations of nonlinear motion response. An in-depth study of the evolution laws of wake vortex and wake deficit under six degrees of freedom conditions in FOWTs can help reduce the blade load and enhance the output for downstream wind turbines. This paper enhances the traditional actuator line model by incorporating velocity corrections that account for platform motion, enabling dynamic simulations of National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 MW (Megawatt) reference rotor under six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) conditions, including surge, sway, heave, pitch, roll, and yaw. The results indicate except for the surge and pitch, the effect of the motion response of the remaining DOF on the average thrust and power of the FOWT is within 1%. The 6-DOF motion condition drives the evolution of the wake vortex into a vortex ring or long vortex band mode. The wake lengths for surge, sway, and heave are shortened to 0.7, 0.6, and 0.6 times those of the fixed conditions, respectively, while pitch, roll, and yaw slightly increase the wake lengths to 1.1, 1.2, and 1.2 times those of the fixed conditions. All DOF, except for yaw, tend to delay the onset of wake self-similarity, with yaw reducing it by 10% compared to the fixed conditions. The insights garnered from this paper provide guidance for developing engineering wake models and micrositing for floating offshore wind turbines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the safety and effect of omitting chest tubes after thoracoscopic lobectomy in children with congenital lung malformation. A multicenter retrospective study was performed with 632 thoracoscopic lobectomy CLM patients in four hospitals between 2014.1 and 2023.1, which were divided into non-chest tube (NCT)group and chest tube (CT)group. Baseline data, operation and follow-up outcomes were compared. In total, 312 patients were included in the NCT group, and 320 in the CT group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data between the two groups. The FLACC scale score in the NCT group was less than the CT group (2.7 ± 0.43 vs. 5.8 ± 0.26 p = 0.027). The median length of postoperative hospital stay in the CT group was significantly longer than the NCT group (5 d vs.3 d, p = 0.045). Eight (2.5%) patients developed chest tube related infections in the CT group(p = 0.004). Six patients developed atelectasis in the NCT group, which was significantly less than the 18 patients in the CT group(p = 0.014). No chest tube placement in selected CLM pediatric patients may be safe and avoid chest tube-related complications, which may also contribute to a rapid recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gut microbiota (GM) has been implicated in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), yet longitudinal changes across trimesters remain insufficiently explored. Methods: This nested cohort study aimed to investigate GM alterations before 24 weeks of gestation and their association with GDM. Ninety-three Chinese participants provided fecal samples during the first and second trimesters. Based on oral glucose tolerance tests, 11 participants were classified as GDM, and 82 as non-diabetic (ND). Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we analyzed both cross-sectional and longitudinal differences in GM structure between those two groups. Results: In the first trimester, GDM group exhibited lower levels of Bacteroides_H and Acetatifactor compared to ND group (p < 0.05). In the second trimester, GDM individuals showed increased abundance of Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes_D , and genera including Fusobacterium_A and Fournierella , while Anaerotruncus and others decreased (P< 0.05). Inflammation-associated genera like Gemmiger_A_73129 and Enterocloster increased, while Megamonas decreased in overweight or obese GDM women, which was not identified in normal-weight women. The ratios of relative abundance of genera Streptococcus , Enterocloster , and Collinsella exceeded 1.5 in the GDM group, particularly in overweight or obese individuals. Inflammatory pathways related to African trypanosomiasis and Staphylococcus aureus infection were predicted to be up-regulated in overweight or obese GDM individuals but not in normal-weight GDM women. Discussion: This study suggests that GM of women with GDM undergoes significant alterations between the first and second trimesters, potentially linked to inflammation, with more pronounced changes observed in overweight or obese individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several studies have indicated that the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can prolong the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, it remains unclear whether the presence of liver metastasis leads to systemic immune suppression, resulting in poorer immune therapy outcomes. This study aims to investigate whether liver metastasis affects the efficacy of ICI in first-line treatment for AGC patients. Methods: The data of AGC patients undergoing combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy treatment at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital and the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2018 to January 2023 were collected. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were employed to analyze the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients. Results: A total of 162 patients with AGC who were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her 2) negative and treated with immunotherapy in the first line were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups, the liver metastasis group (LM group, n = 40) and the group without liver metastasis (NLM group, n = 122) according to the presence of liver metastasis. The results of the present study indicate that there was no statistically significant difference in the median OS, with median OS of 17 and 15 months, respectively (p = 0.29). Similarly, no significant difference was observed in the median PFS between the two groups (p = 0.65). Conclusion: This study suggests that the presence or absence of liver metastasis does not significantly affect the prognosis of AGC patients receiving first-line treatment with ICI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization multispectral imaging has advanced significantly due to its robust information representation capability. Imaging application requires rigorous simulation evaluation and experimental validation using standardized datasets. However, the current full-Stokes polarization multispectral images (FSPMI) dataset, while providing simulation data, is limited by image drift and spectral bands. To overcome these limitations and supplement experimental data, this paper introduces the multi-angle and full-Stokes polarization multispectral images (MAFS-PMI) dataset. The imaging system utilizes a rotatable quarter-wave plate (QWP) and a fixed liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) to modulate polarization information. Meanwhile, the LCTF allows switching between multiple spectral bands. The acquired multi-angle polarization multispectral images facilitate the experimental validation of encoding strategies and reconstruction algorithms. Additionally, the derived full-Stokes polarization multispectral images enable the simulation evaluation of imaging methods. The MAFS-PMI dataset involves 73 fast axis angles (0° to 180°), four Stokes parameters, five polarization parameters, 35 spectral bands (520 nm to 690 nm), 400 × 400 pixels, and 12 distinct objects. This dataset offers a valuable resource for developing advanced imaging methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed protein content is a critical trait in soybean breeding, as it provides a primary source of high-quality protein for both human consumption and animal feed. This study aimed to enhance molecular marker-assisted selection for high-protein soybean varieties by developing Kompetitive Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (KASP) markers targeted at loci associated with seed protein content. Nineteen markers with high genotyping efficacy were identified through screening. Utilizing SN76 (a high-protein line) as the male parent and SN49 and DS1 (both low-protein lines) as female parents, 484 F6 generation individuals from these hybrid combinations were selected to validate the predictive accuracy of the 19 KASP markers. Notably, KASP-Pro-1, KASP-Pro-2, and KASP-Pro-3 effectively distinguished genotypes associated with high and low protein content, with prediction accuracies of 68.4%, 75.0%, and 83.3%, respectively. These results underscore the reliability and practical utility of the selected molecular markers, which are located within the genes Glyma.03G219900, Glyma.14G119000, and Glyma.17G074400, respectively. Haplotype analysis and gene pyramiding indicate that these three genes may influence seed protein content. Consequently, these KASP markers can be effectively integrated into genetic and genomic research on soybean seed protein content as well as into marker-assisted breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precisely monitoring the range of rice cultivation is an essential task for the government to dynamically supervise the red line of 180 million mu (1 ≠ 666.667 m²) of arable land. This study aims to address the issues of low efficiency, high cost, and insufficient accuracy in traditional rice cultivation range monitoring methods. Against the backdrop of the widespread application of UAV remote sensing and the maturity of deep learning technology, this paper constructs a high-precision UAV remote sensing image dataset for rice identification, which includes different growth stages of rice, different resolutions, and regions. It also utilizes deep learning semantic segmentation technology to study the models, remote sensing image resolutions, and model sample sizes suitable for precise monitoring of rice. The experimental results show that, on the basis of balancing cost, efficiency, and accuracy, the Deeplabv3+ and PSPNet models combined with remote sensing image data of 8 cm resolution are more suitable for monitoring and extraction of rice cultivation areas, and PSPNet has a stronger few-shot learning ability. In response to the strong model generalization ability under the dispersed rice cultivation areas and diversified features, this paper proposes a method of transfer learning with a small number of samples. This method has a more stable training process, and the IoU is 5%~10% higher than that of unsupervised transfer learning models and fully supervised models with a small number of samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ε-Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is a natural and wide-spectrum antimicrobial additive. In this study, the production of ε-PL by Streptomyces albulus FQF-24 using cassava starch (CS) as carbon source and the effects of different feeding methods were investigated in a fermenter. The initial shake flask experiments demonstrated the efficient production of ε-PL with CS, achieving the ε-PL production of 1.18 g/L. Subsequent investigations in the fermenter identified that the ideal pH was 3.8 during the ε-PL synthesis phase. Under this condition, the production of ε-PL reached 1.35 g/L. When the pH was maintained at 3.8, the investigation of improvement of feeding composition was carried out in a 5 L fermenter. The intermittent feeding containing CS, inorganic and organic nitrogen sources resulted in the maximum ε-PL production and dry cell weight (DCW) reaching 17.17 g/L and 42.73 g/L. Additionally, continuous feeding with the composition of CS, organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, and inorganic salts further increased ε-PL production and DCW to 27.56 g/L and 38.5 g/L. Summarily, the above results indicate that the fermentation using low-cost CS and continuous feeding strategy with whole medium composition can provide a beneficial reference for the efficient production of ε-PL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional structures with excellent wave-absorbing and load-bearing properties have attracted much attention in recent years. Unlike other wave-absorbing materials, honeycomb wave-absorbing materials have appealing radar absorption and mechanical properties. However, the existing honeycomb wave-absorbing materials have problems such as narrow absorption band and poor compression resistance. In this study, a novel frequency selective surface-enhanced composite honeycomb absorbers (FSS-CHAs) are fabricated by combining a honeycomb structure with wonderful load-bearing capacity and FSS through screen-printing and inlay-locking techniques. After reflectivity measurements, the effective absorption band (RL < −10 dB) of CHA is 6.25–17.47 GHz and a bandwidth of 11.22 GHz, the effective absorption band of the FSS-CHA is 3.96–18 GHz and a bandwidth of 14.04 GHz, 25.13% improvement compared to the CHA, the mechanism of wave absorption is explained using transmission line theory. The simulation results show that the wide bandwidth is due to the different absorption mechanisms of FSS-CHA at low and high frequencies. The compression test shows that the compression strength of FSS-CHA is 17.10 MPa. In addition, FSS-CHA has a low cost of only USD 270.7/m2. This study confirms the possibility of combining FSS with radar-absorbing honeycombs, which provides a reference for the design of future broadband wave-absorbing structures, offers a novel approach to integrating FSS with CHA, and aims to optimize their efficacy and utility in stealth technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southwest China is extremely rich in fungal resources, and a large number of new taxa have been discovered in recent years. In the present study, we examined 26 specimens of the genera Hydnum and Lentaria sensu lato, most of which were obtained in Yunnan Province. Through ITS-nrLSU-tef1 phylogenetic analysis, combined with morphological studies and geographic analyses, five new species were described, viz. H. cremeum (奶油齿菌), H. flavoquamosum (黄鳞齿菌), H. roseoalbum (粉白齿菌), H. roseotangerinum (粉橙齿菌), and L. subalpina (亚高山木瑚菌). Furthermore, we also supplied new information on some known species, including host plants and new distribution records. We re-examined the holotype sequences of two known taxa, H. flabellatum and H. pallidomarginatum, treating H. flabellatum as a synonym of H. pallidomarginatum. Additionally, a key to Lentaria s.l. in China was provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the differences in the effects of directive versus reflective feedback on elementary school students' conceptual understanding and epistemological beliefs in a simulation-based online science inquiry environment, by comparing more fine-grained differences in the inquiry behaviors of students who received the two types of feedback during the online scientific inquiry activity. Seventy-one 5th graders from a public elementary school in China participated in the study (38 students receiving directive feedback and 33 receiving reflective feedback). The results showed no significant difference between the two types of feedback on the students' conceptual understanding and epistemological beliefs. However, reflective feedback outperformed directive feedback on the subdimension of source of epistemological beliefs, and directive feedback outperformed reflective feedback on the argumentation subdimension. In addition, the average inquiry time of the students receiving reflective feedback during the review session was significantly longer than that of the students receiving directive feedback. These results provide important insights for elementary teachers to implement feedback in science classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intersection between digital technologies and tourism emerges as a prominent area of research within the tourism industry. This is primarily driven by the immense complexity of digital tourism itself as a multifaceted social, economic, and cultural phenomenon. This paper reveals the future implications of tourism in the context of digital intelligence. To gain insights into the latest applications of digital tourism, this work reviews 278 studies spanning from 2012 to 2024. A systematic literature analysis method is proposed to identify the research hotspots and trends. Through value co-creation theory and Schumpeter's innovation theory, five key trajectories are suggested, as follows: in-depth application of digital technologies in tourism, spawning new scenarios, new forms and new modes of digital tourism, and deep integration of digital economy and tourism real economy. This state-of-the-art review will help to reflect the efforts towards promoting the smart development of digital technologies in tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercavitation is an effective drag reduction technology for high-speed underwater vehicles. However, the evolution of supercavitating flow becomes more complex during acceleration and deceleration compared to steady-state conditions. This paper examines the unsteady supercavitating flow around an axis-symmetric projectile with disk cavitation subjected to various speed transitions. By utilizing the volume of fluid method, the large eddy simulation turbulence model, and the Kunz cavitation model, the study simulates and validates the dynamic behavior of the multiphase flow against experimental and published data. The cavity evolution during acceleration and deceleration is observed in three distinct stages. In the case of acceleration, the stages include initial stabilization, merging of the leading edge and shoulder cavities, and full supercavitation. For deceleration, the stages involve cavity collapse, trailing-edge cavity separation, and shoulder cavity formation. The study also highlights the presence of cavitation hysteresis, especially at higher acceleration and deceleration rates, which influences flow stability and drag reduction. This research provides insights for optimizing the design and control of high-speed underwater vehicles, where stable cavity formation is crucial for minimizing drag. Understanding how acceleration and deceleration influence cavity evolution can guide the refinement of cavitation designs and control strategies, improving vehicle performance during dynamic maneuvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since some platforms such as Amazon, and JD.com are expanding their business into the fresh produce market, traditional fresh produce suppliers are seeking to cooperate with them. However, markdown-pricing policies caused by the interaction between the time-varying quality of fresh produce and the time-varying price strongly influence the choice of the cooperation mode in current research. A wholesale price contract (WPC) and a consignment revenue-sharing contract (CRSC) are two common modes for cooperation between the fresh produce supplier and the platform. Accordingly, the markdown-pricing policies for fresh produce under these two contracts are analysed. The impacts of the deterioration rate and the price markdown time on profit and the pricing of the supplier and the platform are also discussed. Finally, the contracting strategy of the supplier and the contracting preference of the platform are examined. The results show that a CRSC is always beneficial for the supplier but not for the platform: if the price-sensitivity increase in the second period is small, then the platform is worse off under a CRSC when the price markdown time is moderate or the market size is small. However, the platform prefers a CRSC due to the high deterioration rate of fresh produce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated an extreme sea surface warming in the midlatitude western North Pacific (MLWNP) during the summer of 2012. The 2012 extreme event was characterized by warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) extending from the East/Japan Sea to central North Pacific. The SSTA box–averaged over the MLWNP (130–180°E, 33–50°N) in 2012 ranked as the third warmest in recent four decades, which has caused intense marine heatwaves in this region. During the summer of 2012, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole event co-occurred with El Niño, favoring anomalous moisture transport between the two basins that caused enhanced convection in the South China and Philippine Seas and western–to–central subtropical Pacific. The enhanced convective activities triggered two meridional atmospheric Rossby wave trains to form strong atmospheric blocking high–pressure systems in the MLWNP. This reduced the total cloud cover and surface wind speed, enhancing insolation and reducing the release of latent heat flux. In addition, the weakened wind strengthened the stratification and shoaled the mixed layer. As a result, the increased net heat flux into the ocean accompanied by a shallower mixed layer contributed to the upper ocean warming in the MLWNP. Meanwhile, the North Pacific was dominated by a negative phase of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), significantly contributing to warm SSTAs in the MLWNP in 2012. Consequently, the 2012 extreme warming in the MLWNP was the results of the combination of atmospheric Rossby waves and PDO. Our study highlighted the roles of high–frequency atmospheric teleconnection and low–frequency PDO in extreme sea surface warming in the MLWNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated an extreme sea surface warming in the midlatitude western North Pacific (MLWNP) during the summer of 2012. The 2012 extreme event was characterized by warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) extending from the East/Japan Sea to central North Pacific. The SSTA box–averaged over the MLWNP (130–180°E, 33–50°N) in 2012 ranked as the third warmest in recent four decades, which has caused intense marine heatwaves in this region. During the summer of 2012, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole event co-occurred with El Niño, favoring anomalous moisture transport between the two basins that caused enhanced convection in the South China and Philippine Seas and western–to–central subtropical Pacific. The enhanced convective activities triggered two meridional atmospheric Rossby wave trains to form strong atmospheric blocking high–pressure systems in the MLWNP. This reduced the total cloud cover and surface wind speed, enhancing insolation and reducing the release of latent heat flux. In addition, the weakened wind strengthened the stratification and shoaled the mixed layer. As a result, the increased net heat flux into the ocean accompanied by a shallower mixed layer contributed to the upper ocean warming in the MLWNP. Meanwhile, the North Pacific was dominated by a negative phase of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), significantly contributing to warm SSTAs in the MLWNP in 2012. Consequently, the 2012 extreme warming in the MLWNP was the results of the combination of atmospheric Rossby waves and PDO. Our study highlighted the roles of high–frequency atmospheric teleconnection and low–frequency PDO in extreme sea surface warming in the MLWNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, deep neural networks have achieved significant success in 3D point cloud recognition tasks. However, these models still demonstrate substantial performance challenges in the presence of data corruption. It is crucial to improve the robustness and generalization ability of the model. In this work, we propose a novel framework that combines GPT and CLIP models to enhance the robustness of existing point cloud classification models, which has two main modules: the Text-Image Fusion Module, which includes a GPT-Driven TextGen Processor and FocalView Projection, and the Dual-Path Intelligent Adapter Module. First, the GPT-Driven TextGen Processor leverages GPT-4's capabilities to generate detailed textual descriptions tailored to point cloud intricacies. FocalView Projection dynamically selects viewpoints based on attention maps, enhancing two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional point clouds. Secondly, the Dual-Path Intelligent Adapter Module achieves fine-tuning and feature adaptation by combining internal and external adapters. Additionally, during the fine-tuning process, we employ a variant of Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) adversarial training, named VPGD, to increase the model's resilience to adversarial perturbations. Our approach has achieved state-of-the-art results on robust 3D points cloud recognition datasets such as ModelNet40-C and ScanObjectNN-C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a novel methodology to maximize wind farm power generation by integrating graph neural networks (GNN), supervised learning, and reinforcement learning techniques. First, the article introduces a graph‐based representation of the wind farm, capturing wind turbines as vertices and the inter‐turbine wake interactions as edges. The construction of this graph representation integrates the Jensen wake model, which includes insights derived from prior knowledge of wind farm aerodynamics. Subsequently, a detailed description of the GNN model's architecture, incorporating a message passing mechanism, is outlined. This GNN model is trained initially with supervised learning using a dataset of optimal pitch angles generated from the analytical results derived from Jensen wake model. Moreover, to improve the GNN model's accuracy and adaptability, reinforcement learning techniques are employed. The GNN model interacts with a high‐fidelity wind farm simulation environment, receiving feedback in the form of rewards derived from the wind farm's actual power output. Through a policy gradient approach, the GNN parameters undergo iterative updates, enabling the model to learn and adapt to dynamic wind conditions and intricate turbine interactions. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed methodology are demonstrated through comprehensive case studies across various wind farm layouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 50‐day test was adopted to compare the growth performance, liver histology, glucose metabolism, lipid (L) metabolism, ion transport, and ammonia metabolism of tilapia fed different carbohydrate–lipid (C:L) ratio diets under saline–alkaline water (salinity = 16 mmol/L and alkalinity = 35 mmol/L). The C and L levels of five isoenergetic (16.5 kJ/g) and isonitrogenous (32% protein) diets were C45%:L3% (L3), C38%:L6% (L6), C31%:L9% (L9), C24%:L12% (L12), and C17%:L15% (L15). This study found that the dietary C:L ratio did not affect the survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or condition factor of tilapia in saline–alkali water, but fish in the L12 group had the highest weight gain (WG) rate and the lowest hepatosomatic index (HSI) compared with the other groups. Fish fed the higher C diet (L3 and L6) had a higher ion transport capacity and ammonia excretion capacity in gills. However, the highest mRNA expression of genes involved in glutamine metabolism and urea metabolism in the liver was found in the high‐L diet groups (L12 and L15). In particular, a lower serum ammonia concentration was observed in the high‐L diet groups (L12 and L15). In addition, biochemical indicators indicated that the L12 group had the highest liver pyruvic acid, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and lipase (LPS) and serum total cholesterol (T‐CHO) contents. In summary, this study indicated that dietary Ls could promote glutamine metabolism and urea metabolism more than dietary Cs and then reduce the serum ammonia concentration of tilapia in saline–alkali water. A dietary C:L ratio of 2:1 was beneficial to the growth and ammonia excretion of tilapia in saline–alkali water in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Cryptosporidium is an emerging One Health concern that is equally important in the public health and livestock sectors. To fulfill the aims and objectives of this review, data regarding the unique characteristics of Cryptosporidium, its transmission pathways, its life cycle, its prevalence in both humans and animals from the perspective of its zoonotic potential, water- and foodborne outbreaks due to this protozoan parasite, and associated economic losses are briefly discussed, prioritizing the latest research and quantified data. Finally, some strategies for breaking transmission pathways and future research perspectives are discussed, to show the research gaps regarding this ever-increasing threat, which is of great scientific interest. Based on the estimation of global prevalence trends, transmission pathways, and overall burden in cryptosporidiosis, better managemental policies, surveillance programs, and preventive measures can be adopted for safeguarding, following the One Health approach. A sharp rise in the global population and improved lifestyles has led to questions about the quality of both food and water. Among protozoan parasites, Cryptosporidium is of great importance in this regard. Hence, Cryptosporidium's associated risk factors, its unique characteristics compared to other protozoan parasites, its zoonotic transmission, and associated economic losses in the public health and livestock sectors need to be focused on from a One Health perspective, including collaboration by experts from all three sectors. Cryptosporidium, being the fifth largest food threat, and the second largest cause of mortality in children under five years of age, is of great significance. The contamination of vegetables, fresh fruits, juices, unpasteurized raw milk, uncooked meat, and fish by Cryptosporidium oocysts occurs through infected food handlers, sewage-based contamination, agricultural effluents, infected animal manure being used as biofertilizer, etc., leading to severe foodborne outbreaks. The only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug, Nitazoxanide (NTZ), provides inconsistent results in all groups of patients, and currently, there is no vaccine against it. The prime concerns of this review are to provide a deep insight into the Cryptosporidium's global burden, associated water- and foodborne outbreaks, and some future perspectives in an attempt to effectively manage this protozoal disease. A thorough literature search was performed to organize the most relevant, latest, and quantified data, justifying the title. The estimation of its true burden, strategies to break the transmission pathways and life cycle of Cryptosporidium, and the search for vaccine targets through genome editing technology represent some future research perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Reproductive endocrine disorders (RED), including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis (EMs), and female infertility (FI), significantly affect women's health globally, with varying prevalence across different regions. These conditions can be addressed through medication, surgical interventions, and lifestyle modifications. However, the limited understanding of RED's etiology and the substantial economic burden of its treatment highlight the importance of investigating its pathogenesis. Metabolites play a critical role in metabolic processes and are potentially linked to the development of RED. Despite existing studies suggesting correlations between metabolites and RED, conclusive evidence remains scarce, primarily due to the observational nature of these studies, which are prone to confounding factors. Methods: This study utilized Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationship between metabolites and RED, leveraging genetic variants associated with metabolite levels as instrumental variables to minimize confounding and reverse causality. Data were obtained from the Metabolomics GWAS Server and the IEU OpenGWAS project. Instrumental variables were selected based on their association with the human gut microbiota composition, and the GWAS summary statistics for metabolites, PCOS, EMs, and FI were analyzed. The MR-Egger regression and random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) methods were employed to validate the causal relationship. Cochran's Q test was employed to evaluate heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis was performed using leave-one-out analysis, and for pleiotropy analysis, the intercept term of MR-Egger's method was investigated. Results: The MR analysis revealed significant associations between various metabolites and RED conditions. For instance, a positive association was found between 1-palmitoylglycerophosphocholine and PCOS, while a negative association was noted between phenylacetate and FI. The study identified several metabolites associated with an increased risk and others with protective effects against PCOS, EMs, and FI. These findings highlight the complex interplay between metabolites and RED, suggesting potential pathways through which these conditions could be influenced or treated. Conclusion: This MR study provides valuable insights into the causal relationship between metabolites and female reproductive endocrine disorders, suggesting that metabolic alterations play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PCOS, EMs, and FI, and offering a foundation for future research and therapeutic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable sodium/potassium-ion batteries (SIBs/PIBs) have emerged as appealing alternatives for lithium-ion batteries due to their earth-abundance and economic benefits. However, exploring high-capacity anode materials for SIBs/PIBs is still challenging. Superatoms with delocalized electronic shells possess high flexibility as electron-acceptors/donors, making them ideal candidates for anode materials. Here, a superatom-assembled boron nitride monolayer (B8N2) was theoretically predicted using first principles calculations. The B8 core is assembled with two B4 superatoms, and further linked by nitrogen atoms in a graphene-like lattice. The B8N2 monolayer has an undirected bandgap (0.82 eV/HSE06) with an ultra-high carrier mobility of 13 × 104 cm2 V−1 s−1, where Na/K ions can be effectively adsorbed on its surface. The remarkably high theoretical storage capacities (924 mA h g−1/1115 mA h g−1), and low open-circuit voltages (0.08 V/0.21 V) are also revealed for the B8N2 monolayer with Na/K ions. Intriguingly, adsorption of Na/K ions causes little geometric deformation of the B8N2 monolayer, which ensures a promising cell operating cycle during the adsorption of Na/K ions at high concentrations. This work reveals the potential of superatoms as an efficient "electronic sponge", providing impetus for the design of superatomic electrode materials for metal ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sortilin‐related receptor 1 (SorL1) deficiency is a genetic predisposition to familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its pathology is poorly understood. In SorL1‐null rats, a disorder of the global endosome‐lysosome network (ELN) is found in hippocampal neurons. Deletion of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in SorL1‐null rats could not completely rescue the neuronal abnormalities in the ELN of the hippocampus and the impairment of spatial memory in SorL1‐null young rats. These in vivo observations indicated that APP is one of the cargoes of SorL1 in the regulation of the ELN, which affects hippocampal‐dependent memory. When SorL1 is depleted, the endolysosome takes up more of the lysosome flux and damages lysosomal digestion, leading to pathological lysosomal storage and disturbance of cholesterol and iron homeostasis in the hippocampus. These disturbances disrupt the original homeostasis of the material‐energy‐subcellular structure and reprogram energy metabolism based on fatty acids in the SorL1‐null hippocampus, instead of glucose. Although fatty acid oxidation increases ATP supply, it cannot reduce the levels of the harmful byproduct ROS during oxidative phosphorylation, as it does in glucose catabolism. Therefore, the SorL1‐null rats exhibit hippocampal degeneration, and their spatial memory is impaired. Our research sheds light on the pathology of SorL1 deficiency in AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylamide (AAM), a compound extensively utilized in various industrial applications, has been reported to induce toxic effects across multiple tissues in living organisms. Despite its widespread use, the impact of AAM on ovarian function and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. Here, we established an AAM‐exposed mouse toxicological model using 21 days of intragastric AAM administration. AAM exposure decreased ovarian coefficient and impaired follicle development. Further investigations revealed AAM would trigger apoptosis and disturb tricarboxylic acid cycle in ovarian tissue, thus affecting mitochondrial electron transport function. Moreover, AAM exposure decreased oocyte and embryo development potential, mechanically associated with pericentrin and phosphorylated Aurora A cluster failure, leading to meiotic spindle assembly defects. Collectively, these results suggest that AAM exposure may lead to apoptosis, glucose metabolic disorders, and mitochondrial dysfunction in ovary tissue, ultimately compromising oocyte quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to employ a novel homemade catalyst as a substitute for traditional catalysts, aiming to enhance the degradation rate of phthalic acid and the yield of dimethyl phthalate, thereby improving the recycling process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The controlled variable method is utilized, with a fixed amount of PET set at 2.5 g. Methanol is added at three times the amount of PET, while the homemade catalyst is added at 0.2% of the PET amount [n(homemade catalyst) : n(PET bottle chips) : n(methanol) is 1 : 12 : 39]. The reaction is carried out in a hydrothermal reactor at a controlled temperature of 180 °C for a duration of 60 min. The results demonstrate that under the specified conditions, the degradation rate of PET reaches 89.99%, and the yield of dimethyl phthalate attains 92%. In comparison with traditional catalysts, the novel homemade catalyst exhibits a considerable improvement in productivity. The adoption of the novel homemade catalyst significantly enhances both the degradation rate of PET and the yield of dimethyl phthalate, providing an effective approach for the recycling of PET. The application prospects of the novel catalysts in PET recycling process are broad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

l‐2‐Hydroxyglutarate (l‐2‐HG) has been regarded as a tumor metabolite, and it plays a crucial role in adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxic conditions. However, the role of l‐2‐HG in tumor radioresistance and the underlying mechanism have not yet been revealed. Here, we found that l‐2‐HG exhibited to have radioresistance effect on U87 human glioblastoma cells, which could reduce DNA damage and apoptosis caused by irradiation, promote cell proliferation and migration, and impair G2/M phase arrest. Mechanistically, l‐2‐HG upregulated the protein level of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and the expression levels of HIF‐1α downstream target genes. The knockdown of l‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L2HGDH) gene promoted the tumor growth and proliferation of U87 cells in nude mice by increasing HIF‐1α expression level in vivo. In addition, the low expression level of L2HGDH gene was correlated with the short survival of patients with glioma or kidney cancer. In conclusion, our study revealed the role and mechanism of l‐2‐HG in tumor radioresistance and may provide a new perspective for overcoming tumor radioresistance and broaden our comprehension of the role of metabolites in tumor microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible supercapacitors (SCs), as promising energy storage devices, have shown great potential for both next-generation wearable electronics and addressing the global energy crisis. Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are suitable electrode materials for flexible SCs on account of their intrinsic characteristics and functional advantages, such as a unique 3D porous structure, remarkable conductivity, tunable chemical and physical properties, and outstanding mechanical properties. Herein, an overview of the fabrication strategies for CHs as electrode materials in flexible SCs, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, and perspectives on CH-based SCs is provided. First, the fabrication strategies for CHs are systematically introduced. Second, various multifunctional CH-based SCs are presented and discussed. Finally, this review concludes with insights into the challenges and opportunities related to CHs or CH-based SCs, indicating future research prospects and application orientations in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional research on linear polarization photodetector for 2D materials has focused on the search for different anisotropic materials, combinations between materials, introducing plasmonic structures, and patterning 2D materials to improve performance. However, these methods provide limited improvement in polarization sensitivity. Here, a balanced photodetector structure is proposed that does not require an additional process and relies only on the presence of anisotropy in the material itself to substantially improve the polarization sensitivity. The balanced photodetector consists of two ReS2 photodetectors, where the single ReS2 photodetector exhibits excellent performance at 650 nm illumination, including a responsivity and detectivity of 0.28 A W−1 and 4.22 × 109 Jones. Benefiting from the anisotropy of ReS2, the single photodetector achieves excellent polarization sensitivity of 2.79 at 650 nm. The balanced photodetector system achieves an excellent performance of ≈20 dB linear polarization extinction ratio and 0.003° Hz−1/2 noise equivalent light polarization difference at 100 kHz. These performances can also be further optimized by adjusting the gate voltage. The results provide a basis for further development of high‐performance polarization photodetector for 2D materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of Lon1 led to stunted plant growth and accumulation of nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial proteins including Lon1 substrates. However, an in‐depth label‐free proteomics quantification of mitochondrial proteins in lon1 revealed that the majority of mitochondrial‐encoded proteins decreased in abundance. Additionally, we found that lon1 mutants contained protein aggregates in the mitochondrial that were enriched in metabolic enzymes, ribosomal subunits and PPR‐containing proteins of the translation apparatus. These mutants exhibited reduced general mitochondrial translation as well as deficiencies in RNA splicing and editing. These findings support the role of Lon1 in maintaining a functional translational apparatus for mitochondrial‐encoded gene translation. Transcriptome analysis of lon1 revealed a mitochondrial unfolded protein response reminiscent of the mitochondrial retrograde signalling dependent on the transcription factor ANAC017. Notably, lon1 mutants exhibited transiently elevated ethylene production, and the shortened hypocotyl observed in lon1 mutants during skotomorphogenesis was partially alleviated by ethylene inhibitors. Furthermore, the short root phenotype was partially ameliorated by introducing a mutation in the ethylene receptor ETR1. Interestingly, the upregulation of only a select few target genes was linked to ETR1‐mediated ethylene signalling. Together this provides multiple steps in the link between loss of Lon1 and signalling responses to restore mitochondrial protein homoeostasis in plants. Summary statement: Plant Lon1 prevents the aggregation of mitochondrial proteins, including metabolic enzymes and components of the translational apparatus such as ribosomal and PPR proteins. Dysfunctional proteins within these aggregates inhibit the translation of mitochondrial‐encoded genes and trigger unfolded protein responses associated with ANAC017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rolling oil sludge (ROS) is a type of solid waste produced during steel rolling; this waste contains not only a high iron content but also many harmful organic components and is a very attractive secondary resource. This paper introduces the sources and hazards of ROS, summarizes the recycling methods integrated with steel production, classifies traditional treatment technologies, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Combined treatment is the main direction of ROS treatment methods in the future. The ROS recycling techniques applied in different industries are summarized. Finally, existing problems and future work are described to promote the remediation and resource utilization of ROS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RobotReviewer is a tool for automatically assessing the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials, but there is limited evidence of its reliability. We evaluated the agreement between RobotReviewer and humans regarding the risk of bias assessment based on 1955 randomized controlled trials. The risk of bias in these trials was assessed via two different approaches: (1) manually by human reviewers, and (2) automatically by the RobotReviewer. The manual assessment was based on two groups independently, with two additional rounds of verification. The agreement between RobotReviewer and humans was measured via the concordance rate and Cohen's kappa statistics, based on the comparison of binary classification of the risk of bias (low vs. high/unclear) as restricted by RobotReviewer. The concordance rates varied by domain, ranging from 63.07% to 83.32%. Cohen's kappa statistics showed a poor agreement between humans and RobotReviewer for allocation concealment (κ = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.21–0.30), blinding of outcome assessors (κ = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.23–0.31); While moderate for random sequence generation (κ = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.41–0.50) and blinding of participants and personnel (κ = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.55–0.64). The findings demonstrate that there were domain‐specific differences in the level of agreement between RobotReviewer and humans. We suggest that it might be a useful auxiliary tool, but the specific manner of its integration as a complementary tool requires further discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a complex process involving numerous cell-extrinsic and -intrinsic regulators. The first member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of inhibitors to be identified, p21, has been reported to perform a wide range of critical biological functions, including cell cycle regulation, transcription, differentiation, and so on. Given the previous inconsistent results regarding the functions of p21 in HSCs in a p21-knockout mouse model, we employed p21 -tdTomato (tdT) mice to further elucidate its role in HSCs during homeostasis. The results showed that p21-tdT+ HSCs exhibited increased self-renewal capacity compared to p21-tdT− HSCs. Zbtb18, a transcriptional repressor, was upregulated in p21-tdT+ HSCs, and its knockdown significantly impaired the reconstitution capability of HSCs. Furthermore, p21 interacted with ZBTB18 to co-repress the expression of cKit in HSCs and thus regulated the self-renewal of HSCs. Our data provide novel insights into the physiological role and mechanisms of p21 in HSCs during homeostasis independent of its conventional role as a cell cycle inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]