Search

Pod dehiscence brings much loss for modern agricultural production, and multiple pod dehiscence components have been identified in many plant species. However, the pod dehiscence regulation factors in soybean are limited. In this study, we investigate the function of GmDIR26, a close homologues gene of pod dehiscence genes GmPdh1, PvPdh1, and CaPdh1, in the regulation of pod dehiscence in soybean. The secondary and tertiary structure analysis reveals that GmDIR26 protein has a similar structure with GmPdh1, PvPdh1, and CaPdh1 proteins. Synteny analysis of soybean and chickpea genomes shows that the genomic region surrounding GmDIR26 and CaPdh1 might be evolved from the same ancestor, and these two genes might have similar function. GmDIR26 shows an increased expression pattern during pod development and reaches a peak at beginning seed stage. Meanwhile, GmDIR26 exhibits high expression levels in dorsal suture and pod wall, but low expression pattern in ventral suture. In addition, GmDIR26 shows higher expression levels in pod dehiscence genotype than that in pod indehiscence accessions. Overexpression of GmDIR26 in soybean increases pod dehiscence in transgenic plants, of which the lignin layer in inner sclerenchyma pods is thicker and looser. The expression levels of several pod dehiscence genes are altered. Our study provides important information for further modification of pod dehiscence resistance soybean and characterization of soybean pod dehiscence regulation network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In quantum electronics, quantum‐dot cellular automata (CA) is a technology to replace current transistor‐based technologies. It provides low‐power, incredibly dense, and high‐speed constructions at a nano‐scale. Quantum‐dot CA is a revolutionary nano‐scale technology that overcomes various restrictions in metal‐oxide technology and simplifies the construction of digital integrated circuits. On the other hand, the demultiplexer is a valuable component for optimizing the entire process in logical design. So, proper cell placement and associated clock zone become the most important design requirement for effective logic operation in demultiplexer. Also, redundancy in fault‐tolerant circuits can increase the dependability of digital circuits. However, in this area, the studies are not adequate, and most of them suffer from improper use of clocking systems and inefficient circuit features such as fault‐tolerant. As a result, the current study demonstrates a unique quantum‐dot CA‐based fault‐tolerant 1:2 demultiplexer design. The proposed method is verified by implementing the fault‐tolerant gates and cell redundancy. Also, we look at the layouts' cells, area, latency, single‐cell missing, single‐cell displacement, and additional single‐cell. We also use the famous simulator, QCADesigner, to model the proposed design. The proposed fault‐tolerant 1:2 demultiplexer's effectiveness is also discussed. Sixty‐eight cells and 0.04 μm2 of occupied space make up the unique fault‐tolerant 1:2 demultiplexer. The results showed that the proposed design is completely faults‐tolerance regarding tolerant missing, displaced, and additional single cells faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. This study aimed to compare changes in ocular status after 3D TV viewing under three modes of illumination and thereby identify optimal illumination for 3D TV viewing. Methods. The following measures of ocular status were assessed: the accommodative response, accommodative microfluctuation, accommodative facility, relative accommodation, gradient accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio, phoria, and fusional vergence. The observers watched 3D television for 90 minutes through 3D shutter glasses under three illumination modes: A, complete darkness; B, back illumination (50 lx); and C, front illumination (130 lx). The ocular status of the observers was assessed both before and after the viewing. Results. After 3D TV viewing, the accommodative response and accommodative microfluctuation were significantly changed under illumination Modes A and B. The near positive fusional vergence decreased significantly after the 90-minute 3D viewing session under each illumination mode, and this effect was not significantly different among the three modes. Conclusions. Short-term 3D viewing modified the ocular status of adults. The least amount of such change occurred with front illumination, suggesting that this type of illumination is an appropriate mode for 3D shutter TV viewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KIR3DL2*115 differs from KIR3DL2*01001 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 761 A>G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]