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With the gradual shift from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions, energy quota trading (EQT) and carbon emissions trading (CET) policies will be implemented in parallel in China. EQT policy will significantly affect the market performance and policy effects of CET, which consequently affects the dual control of carbon emissions. Therefore, constructing a system dynamics model coupling the national CET, EQT, and electricity markets, this paper researches the impact of EQT policy and its parameter design on the market performance and policy effects of CET through scenario analysis. The results show that: (1) Implementing EQT policy will reduce CET price and trading volume, negatively affecting CET market performance. This indicates that there is a certain substitution between EQT and CET. (2) EQT policy can enhance the emission reduction and decarbonization effects of CET policy. By curbing thermal power investment and generation and promoting green power, the EQT policy reduces carbon emissions by about 4.87% and optimizes the power supply structure. (3) To scientifically design the EQT policy parameters, lower energy saving targets and energy quota benchmark prices can alleviate the negative impact on CET market performance, but are not conducive to improving CET policy effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the reform of electricity cross-subsidies on the sales side is a crucial task in the market-oriented process. The resulting electricity prices, which reflect the true value, can not only enhance resource allocation efficiency but also contribute to increased carbon emissions. Consequently, it is imperative to actively pursue carbon trading policies to address this issue. In this study, we examined the reformed electricity prices for industrial and residential users by applying the Ramsey pricing model. Moreover, a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model is employed to analyze the carbon emissions and economic performance of the cross-subsidy reform under different settings of the quota decline scheme, quota allocation mode, and penalty mechanism within the carbon emissions trading scheme. The results demonstrate the following findings: (1) The calculated Ramsey prices for industrial and residential users are 0.541 and 0.792 yuan/kWh, respectively. (2) Implementation of the electricity cross-subsidy reform can lead to a significant increment in CO2 emission. However, it effectively improves national economic and social development and promotes the growth of gross domestic product, industrial output, and changes in residential consumption expenditure structure. (3) Carbon trading proves to be an effective means to achieve carbon emission reduction at a lower economic cost after the reform. Notably, the degree of impact is more sensitive to the carbon decline factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A renewable portfolio standard is implemented to promote the development of renewable energy at a minimum cost through tradable green certificate market mechanism. Formulating a scientific and feasible renewable energy quota allocation scheme helps RPS function smoothly and optimize resource allocation. This paper proposed a bi-level programming model combined with entropy weight method to allocate renewable portfolio standard quotas with provincial heterogeneity and stakeholders' behavior, and an optimized quota allocation scheme among China's 30 provinces in 2020 was obtained. By comparing with the government's issued scheme, the following were the results under the optimized scheme: (1) Quotas in most provinces have increased, and the responsibility for renewable electricity generation is shared with the provinces with developed economy and well-constructed transmission facilities, where electricity producers can meet the quotas by purchasing tradable green certificate. (2) Quota allocation has positive effects on energy, economy, and environment. Specifically, the non-hydro renewable electricity generation increased by 43.8%, the non-hydro renewable electricity producers' profit increased by 18.4%, and the environmental pollution cost reduced by 27.9%. (3) Quota allocation equity measured by the environmental Gini coefficient increased by 14.3%. Based on these findings, some policy implications related to quota allocation and renewable portfolio standard's institutional arrangement have been put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of innovation, economic growth, financial development, trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), electricity consumption, and urbanization on the environmental degradations in Pakistan. This study has employed the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), to investigate the actual change in the independent variables and its impact on the dependent variable through graphs. The findings demonstrate that energy consumption, GDP growth, urbanization, and trade negatively influence the carbon emissions in the short term. On the other hand, the findings indicate that in the long term, only GDP growth and trade had a significantly negative impact on emissions. Urbanization has a positive and considerable impact on the emissions of carbon dioxide in the long run. On the other hand, financial development and foreign direct investment (FDI) help reduce the environmental degradation in the short term and long term. Moreover, innovation positively affects the carbon emissions in both the long and short run. Policy recommendations are given based on the findings of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To cope with global climate change and energy security, the realization of the low-carbon energy transition has become an inevitable choice for international carbon emission reduction requirements and energy structure adjustment. Vigorously developing renewable energy has become an essential part of energy policies in many countries. Under the incentive and guidance of renewable energy industry policy, China's renewable energy has developed rapidly, and energy structure has been optimized. However, many problems have been exposed. Can China's renewable energy industry policy effectively support low-carbon energy transition? This paper uses the method of theoretical analysis, combining literature analysis and data analysis. Based on the analysis of renewable energy policies in countries with relatively mature energy transitions, it analyzes the status quo, implementation effect, and problems of renewable energy policy in China and proposes policy suggestions. According to the research, the existing problems are as follows: (1) diminishing marginal effect of policies, (2) policy adjustment is not timely and lacks details and operability, (3) coordination conflicts between the old and new policies, (4) unreasonable policy supply structure, and (5) the negative impact of subsidy policy is increasing. Therefore, this paper argues that China's renewable energy industry policy cannot effectively support the low-carbon energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To combat climate change, the Chinese government has implemented a package of policies to support the development of the biogas power generation industry. However, the promotion of biogas power generation technology in China is relatively slow. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study the promotion of biogas power generation technology against the background of policy support. In order to study the effect of policy on the promotion of biogas power generation technology, a system dynamics model is constructed in this paper. The results show that under the feed-in tariff subsidy policy, biogas power generation technology can be well promoted because it has good economic and environmental effects. In addition, if the biogas power generation technology is considered to participate in carbon emission trading, the carbon price also has a positive impact on the promotion of biogas power generation technology because it increases the perceived economic value of biogas power generation projects. Finally, this study can also provide reference value for the promotion of biogas power generation technology in other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a kind of renewable energy, biomass power has great development potential in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the diffusion of biomass power generation technology has practical significance. To address these issues, this paper constructs a system dynamics model to study the impact of different policy effects on the diffusion of biomass power generation technologies. The results show that the feed-in tariff policy can significantly promote the installed capacity growth of biomass power generation projects; on the other hand, carbon emission trading increases the investment value of projects and promotes the growth of the installed capacity of biomass power generation projects, to a certain extent, so relevant policies need to be improved to achieve the promotion of biomass power generation technology in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the process of economic transformation and structural adjustment, low-carbon development has become an intrinsic and realistic demand for China's national economic and social development. This paper builds a system dynamic (SD) model of China's low-carbon development based on the internal influencing mechanisms of carbon sources, carbon flows, and carbon sinks, and then explores the impact of carbon sources, carbon flows, and carbon sinks system on carbon emissions under different scenarios. The model in our study is effective and practical, and it can not only clearly demonstrate the interaction mechanism between various systems but also provide effective policy recommendations for policymakers. The results show that (1) with the steady growth of the economy, China's total energy consumption and carbon emissions have increased significantly. By 2025, the total energy consumption will reach 628 798 ten thousand tons, and the carbon emissions will reach 689 257 ten thousand tons; (2) as for energy and industrial structure, on the one hand, energy restructuring is more effective in reducing carbon emissions than is industrial restructuring; (3) carbon sinks also play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better address climate change and environmental pollution, it is of great practical significance to comprehensively evaluate the impact of low-carbon energy transition policies on carbon emission reduction. This paper conducts a policy quantitative evaluation of low-carbon energy transition policies from three dimensions: policy intensity, policy objective, and policy instrument. On this basis, the ridge regression model is used to analyze the carbon emission reduction effect of policies. The results show that (1) changes in policy quantities mainly cause the evolution of total policy effectiveness. The government's emphasis on low-carbon energy transition has fluctuated. (2) The two policy objectives of optimizing the use of fossil energy and developing a low-carbon concept are less synergistic with other policy objectives and neither has a significant impact on carbon reduction. (3) The government prefers to adopt command control policy instruments, but their actual carbon emission reduction effects are inferior to that of economic incentive policy instruments. These findings can provide a decision-making basis for the government to further formulate and optimize policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, China is facing severe pressure of environmental emission reduction. As a kind of clean energy, waste-to-energy technology has the advantages of renewability, low pollution, and stable supply. To establish an affordable, effective, and sustainable waste disposable method is critical for the low carbon society transition. Therefore, the innovation diffusion of waste incineration power technology is a problem worth studying. Based on this, in order to answer this question scientifically, this paper constructs a system dynamics model of innovative diffusion, and analyzes the internal mechanism of innovation diffusion. The results show that firstly, the government support policies have a positive influence on the innovation and diffusion of waste incineration power technology; secondly, compared with the R&D policy, feed-in tariffs policy is more efficient to expand the installed capacity of waste incineration power; At last, technological innovation caused by government support policies is the main driving force of waste incineration power industry investment cost reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, China is facing severe pressure of environmental emission reduction. As a kind of clean energy, waste-to-energy technology has the advantages of renewability, low pollution, and stable supply. To establish an affordable, effective, and sustainable waste disposable method is critical for the low carbon society transition. Therefore, the innovation diffusion of waste incineration power technology is a problem worth studying. Based on this, in order to answer this question scientifically, this paper constructs a system dynamics model of innovative diffusion, and analyzes the internal mechanism of innovation diffusion. The results show that firstly, the government support policies have a positive influence on the innovation and diffusion of waste incineration power technology; secondly, compared with the R&D policy, feed-in tariffs policy is more efficient to expand the installed capacity of waste incineration power; At last, technological innovation caused by government support policies is the main driving force of waste incineration power industry investment cost reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's foreign direct investment is an important driving force for economic growth, which also aggravates carbon emissions. Based on China's provincial panel data from 2003 to 2018, this paper uses the panel-fixed effect model and panel threshold model to explore the impacts of two-way foreign direct investment on carbon emissions and analyze the threshold effects of different environmental regulations. The empirical results show that inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) has a significant inhibitory effect on carbon emissions, while outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) leads to the aggravation of carbon emissions. Considering regional heterogeneity, environmental regulation in high-carbon areas mainly affects local OFDI, and environmental regulation in low-carbon areas mainly inhibits carbon emissions by affecting IFDI. In addition, high-carbon regions can achieve the inhibition of OFDI on carbon emissions by strengthening command-and-control regulation and reducing the promotion of OFDI on carbon emissions by strengthening market incentive regulation and voluntary regulation. Meanwhile, excessive command-and-control regulation and market incentive regulation in low-carbon areas bring unexpected regulatory effects, but the inhibitory effect of IFDI on carbon emissions can be increased by strengthening voluntary regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the process of China's economic transformation and structural adjustment, the trend of thermal power industry transfer is more and more obvious. Under the background of industrial transfer, the research of the influence of environmental regulation on technological innovation has become a vital issue that needs to be discussed urgently for the current high-quality economic development. Based on the thermal power industry data in 30 provinces of China from 2008 to 2017, this paper constructs a mediating effect model to examine the relationship among environmental regulation, industrial transfer, and technological innovation. The results reveal that: (1) there is a U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and technological innovation; (2) the increase of environmental regulation intensity promotes the thermal power industry to move to areas with loose environmental regulation; (3) industrial transfers play a mediating role in the process of environmental regulation influencing technological innovation. Therefore, the government should formulate scientifically effective environmental regulation policies so that the thermal power industry can realize orderly transfer and realize technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government incentive policies play an important role in the promotion of distributed photovoltaic power. However, which policy is more effective for the diffusion of distributed photovoltaic power? This is a question that needs to be answered. Based on this, we combined the two-factor learning curve and system dynamics model to study the dynamic diffusion process of China's distributed photovoltaic power (DSP). The results show that (1) the coefficients of learning by doing and learning by researching for DSP are 0.0435 and 0.2971 respectively. This indicates that technological innovation caused by R&D expenditures in the DSP is the driving force for cost reduction. (2) Both demand-pull and technology-push policies contribute to the diffusion of DSP; (3) the effect of FIT policy on the diffusion of distributed photovoltaic technology is more significant than that of R&D policy; and the reduction of production cost of photovoltaic power industry by R&D policy is more significant than FIT policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing countries are enthusiastically on the road to economic progress and economic openness, which is proved to be a silver bullet for them. However, it has put their environmental quality at stake. This study examines whether economic openness and electricity consumption matter for environmental deterioration by controlling for the influence of economic progress. For this, we have used time series frequency data of Pakistan from 1971 to 2016 and employed the state-of-the-art dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulation model. The model has the advantage over traditional ARDL in determining the positive and negative environmental deterioration variations induced by economic openness, electricity consumption, and economic progress. The main findings are as follows: Firstly, electricity consumption in both long and short run positively and significantly influenced CO2 emissions, while long-run influence exceeded that of short run. Secondly, economic progress validated an environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis and thus limited the environmental degradation. Thirdly, economic openness showed an insignificant influence on CO2 emissions both in the long and short run. Based on research findings, it is suggested that economic progress and economic openness are not the direct culprits to deteriorate a developing country's environmental condition like Pakistan; rather, electricity consumption remained the key role player. Therefore, the transition from fossil-based electricity consumption to renewable energy consumption would provide a sustainable pathway towards achieving sustainable economic openness in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with delay-dependent stochastic stability for time-delay Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with sectorbounded nonlinearities and more general transition probabilities. Different from the previous results where the transition probability matrix is completely known, a more general transition probability matrix is considered which includes completely known elements, boundary known elements, and completely unknown ones. In order to get less conservative criterion, the state and transition probability information is used as much as possible to construct the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and deal with stability analysis. The delay-dependent sufficient conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the stability of systems. Finally, numerical examples are exploited to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]