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Approximately 1200 years ago, the close association between the quality of medicine and the producing area was well known in China. Recent work has shown conclusively that the quality of herbal medicine is influenced by unfavorable conditions, but the exact cause remains unclear and is a difficult problem in research on herb resources. Fresh roots of S. baicalensis were exposed to temperatures of 35 °C ~ 55 °C, and the HO level remained relatively inflexible. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities remained stable at 35 °C and 45 °C but decreased on day 1 at 55 °C. The excess ROS due to the high temperatures must be removed by another pathway. Our study reported that the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities rose. The fresh roots were exposed to 55 °C for 2 days, the baicalin increased by 38.5%, the wogonoside by 24.1%, and the baicalein by 37.0%. This method can substantially improve the quality of Radix Scutellariae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (GML) is a conventional marker compound for quality control of Radix Saposhnikoviae. Despite that, neither pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic information is available with regard to GML. As such, the aim of thisstudy was to assess the conventional evaluation indices for the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae. Materials and methods: Pyretic animal model, hot plate test, and ear edema model were established to evaluate and compare the antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect of the chromone derivativescimifugin, prime-O-glucosylcimifugin (PGCN), and GML in Radix Saposhnikoviae. High performance liquid chromatography separation and analysis was used to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters. Simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid was used to investigate the metabolite profiles of PGCN and GML in gastrointestinal tract. Results: Cimifugin exerted a marked dose-dependent antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect, whereas the effects of PGCN were relatively lower. GML had feeble pharmacodynamic effects. Pharmacokinetic study showed that only cimifugin was detected in the plasma sample of cimifugin and PGCN-treated animals, with drug concentration in the former much higher than the latter. No components were traced in the plasma samples from GML-treated rats. Stability study showed that PGCN and GML was predominantly biotransformed into cimifugin and 5-O-methyvisammiol, respectively. The latter was proven to be extremely unstable in liver tissue homogenate and plasma. Conclusions: A feeble antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities was observed when GML was orally delivered. Given that Radix Saposhnikoviae extract is generally administered orally, we speculate that this compound might be a nonpharmacolagically active agent in real usage. Thus, it might be unscientific to evaluate the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae based on the content of GML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]