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Electron stimulated desorption from CO monolayers chemisorbed on transition metal surfaces and from condensed CO layers were utilized as new sources for the production of nonthermal rovibrational distributions of CO probed by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy (REMPI). Highly vibrationally excited ground state CO molecules were studied by (1+1)-REMPI via the A 1Π and D′ 1Σ+ intermediate states, and metastable CO via the b 3Σ+ and c 3Π intermediate states. Rotationally resolved (1+1) spectroscopy via A 1Π (v′≥20) allowed the verification of the intermediate term energies, including the existence of a potential barrier for the A 1Π state. (1+1) spectroscopy via D′ 1Σ+ is shown to provide the possibility to directly probe the D′ 1Σ+ potential curve. Additional spectral features accompanying the b 3Σ+←a 3Π (1+1) spectra which cannot be explained by known perturbations were found. In gas phase (2+1) spectroscopy via the B 1Σ+ and C 1Σ+ intermediate states, O- and S-branches could be detected even with linearly polarized light at very low CO densities (some 10-6 Pa). © 1996 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on the findings of modulated optical reflectance (MOR) experiments with several bulk metals as well as thin aluminum silicate and titanium layers sputtered on silicon dioxide and silicon substrates. Variations of thermal conductivity between metallization and substrate; Overview of the characterizing effects of temperature process on thin metallic films; Dependence of the MOR signal on layer thickness.

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Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trauma und Berufskrankheit is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multimorbidity challenges quality of life (QoL) in old age. Anticipating and providing social support have been shown to promote QoL whereas receiving support often had detrimental effects. Little is known about which psychological processes explain these effects. This study examines the effects of receiving, anticipating and providing emotional support on QoL, with control beliefs and self-esteem as simultaneous mediators in an elderly multimorbid sample (N = 1415). Anticipating and providing support positively predicted QoL, mediated through self-esteem and control beliefs. Received support negatively predicted QoL, without mediation. Self-esteem and control beliefs can help to explain the relation between QoL and support. Copyright © 2010 SAGE Publications Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction Drug-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) is rare, but as there are no systematic data on it, the true incidence is not known. Case report This case report is a first description of two episodes of AP occurring after administration and subsequent re-administration of mefenamic acid to a young woman without comorbidities. Other common causes of AP could be ruled out. With both episodes, the latency of AP was less than 24 h after drug intake. Conclusion Mefenamic acid should be considered as a possible cause of drug-induced AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section presents articles about attitudes to pronunciation in the New Guinea area. According to S. A. Wurm, the New Guinea area is linguistically more complex than any area of comparable size in the world, with over 1000 indigenous languages and a number of local lingue franche, some of them already in use before the time of contact with the modern world. The complex language situation in the New Guinea area and the problems which it has been creating for intercommunication has not been very conducive to concern with points of the pronunciation of individual lingue franche used for communication across local language boundaries. The paramount concern has been intelligibility, not correctness, on all levels. Meanwhile, D. C. Laycock's focuses on the attitudes to orthoepy in Western Melanesia. In languages of Melanesia, the pressures are much stronger in the direction of differentiation than in that of unification. Languages frequently have only a few hundred speakers, and, within any language, the speech of a single village will usually differ in some significant way from the speech of every other village. Peter Mühlhäusler discusses the views on the pronunciation of New Guinea Pidgin (Tok Pisin). Such attitudes are determined, in the case of Tok Pisin, by one crucial factor, is it seen as an independent linguistic system or one which to a greater or lesser degree dependent on English. Etymological considerations have always played an important role in language attitudes toward and language planning for Tok Pisin. It is not yet clear what forces will be decisive in shaping the eventual standard pronunciation. However, the following factors will probably be of considerable impact: The rapid numerical increase in Tok Pisin speakers of Highlands origin; the gradual increase in first-language speakers of the language; and the growing importance of urban centers and English education.

The article discusses registers in New Guinea pidgin. New Guinea pidgin is the major lingua franca in Papua New Guinea. It is a descendant of the 19th century South Sea pidgin English. The language takes a special place among the pidgins of the world in that it has undergone a considerable expansion of both its communicative functions and its linguistic structures. World War II is nevertheless of utmost importance in the history of New Guinea pidgin, as it brought about a fundamental change in the social setup in Papua New Guinea and led to the emergence of new social patterns in which pidgin was to have new functions. During the 1970s, the expansion of the functions of pidgin accelerated: pidgin became the first and main debate language in the Papua New Guinea House of Assembly, was more and more used in the news media, and began to be used again extensively in primary education. In the colonial society before World War II there was little desire on the part of the colonizers to let the indigenes take an active part in discussion on new technologies. Instead, those indigenes that were employed in modern agriculture, mining, or warfare were kept in the role of receivers of orders. It is only after World War II that one finds a genuine desire among the expatriates to let the indigenes participate in the discussion of and decisions concerning new technologies. New terminologies were introduced into pidgin, mainly direct adoptions from or translations of English. Special registers or levels of style are associated with pidgin gradually becoming the main or first language of a growing speech community. In contrast with the increased referential adequacy introduced by new technical vocabulary, the new registers provide for increased linguistic choice.

We describe modulated optical reflectance experiments with polycrystalline silicon layers treated by rapid optical annealing. The layers were deposited on SiO2 or on crystalline Si. It turns out that the modulated optical reflectance signals are very sensitive to small variations of the grain size in the first case and to epitaxial realignment in the second one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the influence of individual views of aging on health changes in later life. We hypothesized that aging-related cognitions affect health changes irrespective of control beliefs and that the impact of aging-related cognitions on health is higher than for the reverse direction of causality. We based our analyses on data from the longitudinal part of the German Aging Survey (N = 1,286; participants were 40-85 years of age at baseline). Because of the selectivity of the sample, we also computed the same analyses for the baseline sample (N = 4,034) with estimated Time 2 data for those individuals who dropped out. The results of structural equation modeling were concordant with our hypotheses, and therefore they corroborate previous findings on the importance of beliefs about aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]