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Urban green spaces (UGSs) can provide important ecosystem services for citizens and their well-being. To make use of these services according to UGS user demands, urban residents, tourists, and city administrations should know where UGSs are located, what qualities they have and how to reach them on convenient routes. This paper presents a novel digital infrastructure which combines and fuses different data to map UGSs and their qualities, and makes this information available in a web app. The interactive information service of the app aims to support citizens to explore and search for suitable UGSs and to provide routing options to reach them based on their preferences. Via implicit and explicit feedback functions included in the app, further information on UGS users' preferences can be collected to enhance the overall knowledge basis, while respecting data privacy issues. The underlying data base consists primarily of open and volunteered geographic data, which allows for transferability to other cities. This paper describes the system design, its back-end and front-end components, as well as the process of development and deployment of the system in two pilot cities. Preliminary results of the piloting in the two cities are presented, focusing on user preferences for UGSs searches. The added value of the web app for city residents and the role of the newly gained knowledge for urban planning is discussed and reflected upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: Absence of cortical alignment in wedge-shaped and multifragmentary fractures (Fx) results in decreased fixation stability. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome using 2.0- vs. 3.5-mm screws for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in dislocated, wedge-shaped or fragmentary midshaft clavicle fractures. Materials and methods: Patients suffering from AO/OTA 15 2.A-C midshaft clavicle fractures were operatively treated between 2008 and 2018. 2.0- or 3.5-mm cortical screws were used to restore anatomic alignment in dislocated, wedge-shaped and fragmentary clavicle fractures. Data of radiologic outcome were collected until fracture consolidation was identified. Results: 80 consecutive patients with a mean age of 44.5 ± 16.3 years, who were operatively treated for dislocated midshaft clavicle fractures were enrolled. 40 patients were treated using 2.0-mm and 40 patients using routine 3.5-mm cortical screws, respectively. Time to fracture consolidation was 12.8 ± 7.8 months. No mal- or non-unions occurred during routine follow-up until 18 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Restoring anatomic alignment in wedge or fragmentary clavicle fractures can ultimately be addressed using cortical screw augmentation. Both groups showed comparable results with respect to fracture reduction, fixation and stability as well as time to consolidation of the fracture, while the 2.0-mm screw diameter was associated with easier handling of small Fx fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban villages are a characteristic settlement type characterized by preserving their morphological characteristics embedded in sharp contrast in modern, high-rise developments found especially in fast growing urban agglomerations of China. They serve very important socioeconomic functions in terms of the provision of cheap housing for rural-urban migrants, but they are also considered controversial for local governments. Due to the unprecedented pace of urban growth, especially in the Pearl River Delta region (PRD), up-to-date information on the size and location of urban villages are mostly missing. Large-area but highly detailed data from earth observation platforms can provide crucial information for mapping urban villages based on their characteristic morphologies. This study deploys fully convolutional neural networks for mapping urban villages in the city of Shenzhen. Results of the underlying experiments show that very high mapping accuracies of 84% can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Operative Orthopädie und Traumatologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Surgical repair of a partial or complete tear of the pectoralis major muscle to restore internal rotation, adduction, and anteversion.Indications: Acute avulsion, acute tear of the tendinous insertion, acute tear of the musculotendinous region (<6 weeks after trauma). Relative indication: chronic retracted tear (>6 weeks).Contraindications: Muscular tears, local infection, other general contraindications.Surgical technique: Open repair using suture anchors or flip buttons.Postoperative management: Week 1-3: early passive-assisted functional physical therapy. Week 3-6: early active-assisted functional physical therapy. Week 7-9: active assisted free range of motion (ROM). From week 9: free ROM. From week 12: exercise with resistance, careful strengthening.Results: Between 2005 and 2017, 20 men with an acute or subacute tear of the pectoralis major muscle underwent surgery. Mean age 36 years (range 28-55 years). No previous antibiotic treatment or steroid abuse/treatment reported. Reasons for rupture were weight lifting (bench-press, n = 10), skiing and snowboard accidents (n = 3), fitness training (n = 3), soccer (n = 1), martial arts (n = 1), a canyoning accident (n = 1), and a simple fall (n = 1). Follow-up examinations were performed 6 weeks and 3 months postoperative. No infections or wound healing disorders; no revisions necessary. Normal muscle function via open refixation of the tendon stump. No re-rupture observed. Free ROM observed 3 months after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, massive urbanization processes lead to the emergence of large slum areas making them home to about a seventh of the global population. Although the variety of morphological characteristics varies significantly within as well as across cities, common determinants exist. Informal, or unplanned settlements in particular, do show similar morphologies over the world. They are characterized mostly by extremely high building densities and small building sizes, irregular arrangement of buildings and street network and are often located at exposed sites . Based on these characteristics, we deploy satellite images for a systematic mapping of morphological slum areas in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil based solely on physical characteristics and analyse the mapping result with the official census data. Outcomes show first that morphological slums are a semantic and spatial sub-group of all slum areas contained by the Brazilian census and that remote sensing-based mapping yields accuracies of almost 94%. Second, analysis of census-based income data proofs that while almost 45% of all mapped slum blocks are characterized by incomes below the poverty line, as defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), this holds true for only about 6% of the formal urban neighbourhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of German Journal of Sports Medicine / Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Sportmedizin is the property of Verein zur Forderung der Sportmedizin Hannover e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We propose a framework for unified visualization of advective and diffusive concentration fluxes, which play a key role in many phenomena like, e.g. Marangoni convection and microscopic mixing. The main idea is the decomposition of fluxes into their concentration and velocity parts. Using this flux decomposition, we are able to convey advective-diffusive concentration transport using integral lines. In order to visualize superimposed flux effects, we introduce a new graphical metaphor, the stream feather, which adds extensions to stream tubes pointing in the directions of deviating fluxes. The resulting unified visualization of macroscopic advection and microscopic diffusion allows for deeper insight into complex flow scenarios that cannot be achieved with current volume and surface rendering techniques alone. Our approach for flux decomposition and visualization of advective-diffusive flows can be applied to any kind of (simulation) data if velocity and concentration data are available. We demonstrate that our techniques can easily be integrated into Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) based simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of the Borexino Outer Detector is described. It is a large water Cherenkov detector for identifying cosmic muons, penetrating the whole detector system. The Outer Detector is important for tagging cosmic muon generated background events in Borexino. Here, we present the muon identification efficiency and show the capability of muon tracking reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scatterometry is a common tool for the dimensional characterization of periodic nanostructures. It is an indirect measurement method, where the dimensions and geometry of the structures under test are reconstructed from the measured scatterograms applying inverse rigorous calculations. This approach is numerically very elaborate so that usually a number of approximations are used. The influence of each approximation has to be analysed to quantify its contribution to the uncertainty budget. This is a fundamental step to achieve traceability. In this paper, we experimentally investigate two common approximations: the effect of a finite illumination spot size and the application of a more advanced structure model for the reconstruction. We show that the illumination spot size affects the sensitivity to sample inhomogeneities but has no influence on the reconstruction parameters, whereas additional corner rounding of the trapezoidal grating profile significantly improves the reconstruction result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pain remains unsatisfactorily treated, and few novel painkillers have reached the market in the past century. Increasing the levels of the main endogenous opioid peptides - enkephalins - by inhibiting their two inactivating ectopeptidases, neprilysin and aminopeptidase N, has analgesic effects in various models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Stemming from the same pharmacological concept, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors have also been found to have analgesic effects in pain models by preventing the breakdown of endogenous cannabinoids. Dual enkephalinase inhibitors and FAAH inhibitors are now in early-stage clinical trials. In this Review, we compare the effects of these two potential classes of novel analgesics and describe the progress in their rational design. We also consider the challenges in their clinical development and opportunities for combination therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-volume liquid-scintillator detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) has been proposed as a next-generation experiment for low-energy neutrinos. High-precision spectroscopy of solar, Supernova and geo-neutrinos provides a new access to the otherwise unobservable interiors of Earth, Sun and heavy stars. Due to the potent background discrimination, the detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background is expected for the first time in LENA. The sensitivity of the proton lifetime for the decay into K+ν will be increased by an order of magnitude over existing experimental limits. Recent studies indicate that liquid-scintillator detectors are capable to reconstruct neutrino events even at GeV energies, providing the opportunity to use LENA as far detector in a long-baseline neutrino beam experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban morphology is characterized by a complex and variable coexistence of diverse, spatially and spectrally heterogeneous objects. Built-up areas are among the most rapidly changing and expanding elements of the landscape. Thus, remote sensing becomes an essential field for up-to-date and area-wide data acquisition, especially in explosively sprawling cities of developing countries. The urban heterogeneity requires high spatial resolution image data for an accurate geometric differentiation of the small-scale physical features. This study proposes an object-based, multi-level, hierarchical classification framework combining shape, spectral, hierarchical and contextual information for the extraction of urban features. The particular focus is on high class accuracies and stable transferability by fast and easy adjustments on varying urban structures or sensor characteristics. The framework is based on a modular concept following a chronological workflow from a bottom-up segmentation optimization to a hierarchical, fuzzy-based decision fusion top-down classification. The workflow has been developed on IKONOS data for the megacity Istanbul, Turkey. Transferability is tested based on Quickbird data from the various urban structures of the incipient megacity Hyderabad, India. The validation of both land-cover classifications shows an overall accuracy of more than 81 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For liquid-scintillator neutrino detectors of kiloton scale, the transparency of the organic solvent is of central importance. The present paper reports on laboratory measurements of the optical scattering lengths of the organic solvents phenylxylylethane, linear alkylbenzene (LAB), and dodecane, which are under discussion for next-generation experiments such as SNO+ (Sudbury Neutrino Observatory), HanoHano, or LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy). Results comprise the wavelength range of 415–440 nm. The contributions from Rayleigh and Mie scattering as well as from absorption/re-emission processes are discussed. Based on the present results, LAB seems to be the preferred solvent for a large-volume detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emission spectra of several organic liquid-scintillator mixtures which are relevant for the proposed LENA detector have been measured by exciting the medium with electrons of ∼10 keV. The results are compared with spectra resulting from ultraviolet light excitation. Good agreement between spectra measured by both methods has been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluorescence decay-time constants have been measured for several scintillator mixtures based on phenyl-o-xylylethane (PXE) and linear alkylbenzene (LAB) solvents. The resulting values are of relevance for the physics performance of the proposed large-volume liquid scintillator detector Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy (LENA). In particular, the impact of the measured values to the search for proton decay via [formula] is evaluated in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Head and Neck squamous cell carcinomas show an increasing incidence and make up to 5% of all malignancies. In this work three cell surface proteins are investigated, which could be possible targets in currently arising tailored cancer treatment: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCam), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, c-erbB-1 or HER1) and HER2/neu (c-erbB-2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, specimens from 114 histologically verified squamous cell carcinoma of pharynx and oral cavity were analysed. The surface proteins were tested with pharmacodiagnostic kits. RESULTS: With 44.7% (51/114) EGFR was found to be overexpressed most frequently in this cohort. A usable distribution for EpCam and nearly lacking of HER2 was shown in 22.8% (26/114) and 3.5 % (4/114), respectively. CONCLUSION: These data show that EGFR and EpCam might have a relevant role for the biology of this disease. Its relevance for a therapeutic application cannot yet be concluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diarrhoea in growing and finishing pigs is usually caused by infectious agents and laboratory diagnosis is a prerequisite for efficient therapy. Cultivation of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae or Brachyspira pilosicoli and detection of Lawsonia intracellularis by means of immunofluorescence tests (IFT) are time-consuming and in some cases lack sensitivity. A multiplex-PCR was designed to detect simultaneously these three pathogens in faeces and tissue samples, allowing the differential diagnosis of dysentery, intestinal spirochaetosis and proliferative enteropathy. Detection limits for B. hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli and L. intracellularis were 104, 102 and 103 copies respectively. Agreement between multiplex-PCR and nested-PCR or cultivation was considered substantial to almost perfect. Agreement between multiplex-PCR and IFT in detecting L. intracellularis was only moderate, which was probably related to false-positive results given by IFT. The multiplex-PCR described herein is a valuable tool for the rapid and simultaneous detection of three different pathogens in porcine samples causing enteric diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Trauma und Berufskrankheit is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)