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Grouting Fire Prevention technology is the most commonly used technology in coal mines. In order to improve the water holding capacity of the slurry and prevent the cracking and re-leakage of air caused by the loss of water, this paper used sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate and gasification slag to prepare thick paste mixture, and then used calcium chloride to induce the gelation of the mixed paste surface to form an elastic solid film. A kind of environmental protection slurry of coated gasification slag (hereinafter referred to as coated slurry) with good environmental protection, high strength and elastic solid film with flame retardant and water retention on the outer surface was developed. In the 30°C-300°C range, when the coated slurry was heated, it would have a significant heat absorption and cooling effect. The results show that the hydrophilic -COO-, -OH in sodium alginate forms a synergistic effect with -COO-, -COOH in sodium polyacrylate, and enhances the water absorption of sodium polyacrylate; The interaction of calcium ions with sodium alginate on the surface of the mixed slurry causes gelation and forms a calcium alginate film on the surface of the coated slurry, which prevents water evaporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the deflagration and detonation suppression effect by different thicknesses of metal foam. The results show that the gas explosion suppression effect of metal foam is related to the explosion stage and the metal foam thickness. In the deflagration stage, the flame could be quenched by 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm thick metal foam. In the flame acceleration stage, the flame can only be quenched by the 30 mm thick metal foam. In the detonation stage, detonation could be completely quenched by 20 mm or 30 mm thick metal foam. Ten-millimeter-thick metal foam could make detonation stage convert into deflagration stage and overpressure decreases obviously. Different propagation mechanisms of deflagration and detonation lead to different suppression effects of foam metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemodynamic therapy represents a novel tumor therapeutic modality via triggering catalytic reactions in tumors to yield highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nevertheless, low efficiency catalytic ability, potential systemic toxicity and inefficient tumor targeting, have hindered the efficacy of chemodynamic therapy. Herein, a rationally designed catalytic nanoplatform, composed of folate acid conjugated liposomes loaded with copper peroxide (CP) and chloroquine (CQ; a clinical drug) (denoted as CC@LPF), could power maximal tumor cytotoxicity, mechanistically via maneuvering endogenous and exogenous copper for a highly efficient catalytic reaction. Despite a massive autophagosome accumulation elicited by CP-powered autophagic initiation and CQ-induced autolysosomal blockage, the robust ROS, but not aberrant autophagy, underlies the synergistic tumor inhibition. Otherwise, this combined mode also elicits an early onset, above all, long-term high-level existence of immunogenic cell death markers, associated with ROS and aberrant autophagy -triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress. Besides, CC@LPF, with tumor targeting capability and selective tumor cytotoxicity, could elicit intratumor dendritic cells (mainly attributed to CQ) and tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells, upon combining with PD-L1 therapeutic antibody, further induce significant anti-tumor effect. Collectively, the rationally designed nanoplatform, CC@LPF, could enhance tumor chemoimmunotherapy via deploying endogenous plus exogenous copper and remodeling tumor microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In mines with intricate ventilation systems, effectively preventing, controlling, and rescuing conveyor belt fires present significant challenges. This study aims to explore the laws of airflow disturbance, heat transfer, and smoke diffusion in different scales (field-area-network). The objective is to develop a theory that explains fire stepwise evolution due to the interaction between ventilation and thermal driving force. A multi-scene, cross-scale strategy for controlling fire smoke is proposed, along with an approach to determine optimal escape routes for workers in the event of a fire. A complex 3D dynamic model is established to validate the effectiveness of this strategy, while the Ventfire module (Chasm Ventsim) is employed to simulate three fire scenarios and analyze the dynamic characteristics of smoke propagation during a disaster. The results indicate that the temperature of high-temperature smoke is more susceptible to the scale effect rather than the air quantity. As the smoke moves away from the fire source, its temperature rapidly decreases, converging with the airflow temperature. However, the air quantity significantly impacts the maximum smoke temperature at the fire source. The concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and visibility follow a pattern similar to that of the development of the fire. During emergency evacuations, the length of escape routes increases by 1.5 times due to increased smoke concentrations and reduced visibility. By implementing strategies for smoke prevention and exhaust, alongside the design of well-planned escape routes, the efficiency of evacuations can be improved by 34.19%. This research provides valuable guidance for fire prevention, smoke exhaust, and emergency rescue operations in mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether the addition of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) materials could improve the fat stability of infant formula and study the mechanism of membrane construction of fat globules, MFGM materials were added to infant formula in raw materials. The results showed that the optimal additional amount of MFGM materials was 0.5% to achieve better fat stability in the infant formula. The concentration of interfacial proteins in the reconstituted milk‐added MFGM materials was higher than in the control sample. Moreover, the laser confocal scanning microscopy image showed that MFGM materials were involved in the membrane construction of fat globules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rab27A is a small GTPase-mediating exosome secretion, which participates in tumorigenesis of multiple cancer types. Understanding the biological role of Rab27A in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is of great importance for oncological research and clinical treatment. In this study, we investigate the function and internal mechanism of Rab27A in NSCLC. Results show that Rab27A is overexpressed in NSCLC, and regulates the tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell motility in vitro and in vivo, and is negatively regulated by miR-124. Further research reveals that upregulated Rab27A can induce the production of IFNα in the medium by mediating exosome secretion. Then IFNα activates TYK2/STAT/HSPA5 signaling to promote NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis. This process can be suppressed by TYK2 inhibitor Cerdulatinib. These results suggest that Rab27A is involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC by regulating exosome secretion and downstream signaling, and inhibitors targeting this axis may become a promising strategy in future clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed a two‐step enzymatic hydrolysis method followed by activated carbon adsorption to remove phenylalanine (Phe) from whey protein. The results showed that the free rate of Phe after sequential enzymatic hydrolysis of trypsin and flavorzyme was 90.8%. After adsorption by activated carbon No. 1, the removal efficiency of Phe from the hydrolysates reached 89.79% at 2.19 mg/g protein equivalent. Therefore, low Phe protein hydrolysates (LPHs) can be used to prepare low Phe food for phenylketonuria patients who cannot metabolise Phe properly by themselves and need to maintain a low Phe diet for life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stratum identification is critical in numerous fields related to earth sciences, such as geotechnical engineering, mining engineering. This study presents and evaluates a feature-fusion image recognition model of stratum for rotary drilling rig foundation building, with the aim to identify stratum rapidly and accurately during real-time drilling of drilling rigs. To begin, the color domain illumination estimation method is employed in conjunction with the Bradford chromaticity adaption conversion formula to rectify the color bias of stratum images induced by complicated illumination in the field. Then, using the modified watershed method and color statistical features, an image concrete feature extractor is built, and the feature recursion algorithm selects the ideal feature combination. The image's abstract features are then extracted using a lightweight convolutional neural network. Finally, the depth fusion of concrete and abstract features is used to construct a stratum recognition model. The results reveal that the color correction method aids in the resolution of color bias produced by complicated illumination and that the accuracy of the recognition model trained using the corrected image features improves by 4% on average. The suggested recognition model achieves 91% accuracy with very high information quality in the fused features. The method has high efficiency and accuracy and is expected to contribute to the engineering applications of stratum identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomedicine has become an important development direction of modern medicine, and provides a new way for cancer theranostics. To extend the superior physicochemical property of nanomedicine and enhance their role in cancer theranostics, various strategies have been proposed. Among them, the introduction of oxygen vacancies can enhance the separation of electron-hole pairs and improve the nanomaterials' catalytic activity, which is beneficial for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review briefly summarized the formation mechanism and preparation methods of various oxygen vacancy nanomaterials. Then, the effect and application of various oxygen vacancy nanomaterials, such as iron, manganese, titanium, zinc, bismuth, tungsten, cerium, and molybdenum-based nanomaterials in enhancing cancer theranostics were highlighted. At last, the prospect and challenges of oxygen vacancy nanomaterials were discussed. This review provided an overview of the relevant information on oxygen vacancy in cancer theranostics, and further promoted the development of cancer nanomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The refuge chamber provides a safe space where people can stay safe when they are trapped by an accident in a coal mine. The refuge chamber includes several systems such as oxygen supply, air purification, cooling, and dehumidifying. The oxygen supply system is the core of the refuge chamber because it is a closed environment. The oxygen supply time is 96 h according to the relevant standards in America and China. If people stay in the refuge chamber for more than 96 h, the oxygen supply may not be enough, and they can be in danger. It is necessary to efficiently use oxygen and extend the oxygen supply time. Based on the experimental platform of the refuge chamber, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the automatic control of the oxygen supply system. The oxygen supply system and the harmful gas removal system can be automatically and efficiently controlled by the programmable logic controller (PLC) according to the personnel number and the oxygen concentration. The experiment has proved that the system is good and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously showed that kaempferol (KAE) could exert neuroprotective effects against PD. It has been demonstrated that abnormal autophagy plays a key role in the development of PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, involved in the development of PD, can damage dopaminergic neurons. Whether the protective effects of KAE were exerted via regulating autophagy remains largely undefined, however. This study aimed to investigate whether KAE could protect dopaminergic neurons via autophagy and the underlying mechanisms using a MPTP/MPP+-stimulated PD model. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and protein levels of autophagy mediators along with mTOR signaling pathway molecules were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. The results showed that KAE could ameliorate the behavioral impairments of mice, reduce the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and reduce α-synuclein (α-syn) levels. Furthermore, KAE upregulated levels of autophagy effector protein of Beclin-1 and autophagy microtubule associated protein of light chain 3 (LC3) in the substantia nigra (SN) while rescuing mitochondrial integrity, and downregulated levels of ubiquitin binding protein p62 and cleaved caspase-3, probably by decreasing the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated similar results. In conclusion, KAE exerts neuroprotective effects against PD potentially by promoting autophagy via inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To make paraffin as the inhibitor for the secundine ball shell material better apply in the field of coal mine fire prevention, the melting system with the ratio of paraffin to stearic acid 4:1 was used as the matrix material, three materials with different mass percentages were chosen as additives. The influence of samples on the flame-retardant performance and stability of the matrix material was examined using cone calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, then combined with material mechanics performance to determine the best proportion composite. The results show that the flame retardancy of the matrix is improved by adding three kinds of materials, but the stability of chlorinated paraffin is poor; and when the mass percentage of Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O and Al (OH) 3 is 15%, the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the composite are significantly improved: the flame performance index increased from 0.012 to 0.193 m2 s kW−1, and the maximum stress increased from 1.776 to 4.578 Mpa. Besides, the presence of composite materials reduces the amount of CO generated during the low-temperature oxidation of coal before 180 °C, indicating that it has a certain inhibitory effect on the low-temperature oxidation process of coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modification of biochar is essential for the development of multifunctional biochar materials with enhanced remediation effects on contaminated water. In this work, a biochar-based microcatalyst with sunlight sensitivity was synthesized by a creative modification method that involved the rapid fabrication of MnO2 microspheres by high-energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation, and loading them into corn straw-derived honeycomb-like KOH-modified biochar (MBC) to obtain a sunlight-sensitive microcatalyst (SSM). The honeycomb-like structure of MBC facilitated the improvement in MnO2 dispersion and photocatalytic property through confinement effect. The effects of photocatalyst dosage, initial chlortetracycline (CTC) concentration, solution pH, temperature and coexisting ions on the photocatalytic performance of SSM were systemically investigated. The results indicated that SSM could efficiently degrade CTC in water and swine urine under sunlight, and exhibited high stability against coexistence of urea, Cl− and SO42−. Moreover, SSM showed good reusability in regeneration studies. This work provides a novel method for degrading CTC with potential application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indicative ability of a gas indicator for the spontaneous combustion of coal is affected by the secondary oxidation of oxidized coal, from old goafs, entering a new goaf through air leakages. This phenomenon can affect the accuracy of early warning systems regarding the spontaneous combustion of coal in a goaf. In this research, three kinds of coal were selected to carry out a spontaneous combustion simulation experiment in which a temperature-programmed experimental device was used to analyze the behavior of the index gas towards raw coal and oxidized coal, for which the latter was oxidized at 70 °C, 90 °C, 130 °C, and 150 °C. The results show that the chain alkane ratio in the secondary oxidation process and the trends of oxygen, CO, and C2H4 concentrations are the same as those in the primary oxidation process. On the other hand, the temperature at which C2H4 initially appears, during secondary oxidation, is lower than in primary oxidation. The CO produced in the early stage of secondary oxidation is greater than the CO produced, at the same temperature, in primary oxidation. In this regard, the usage of C2H4 concentration as an indicator with which to judge the occurrence of the spontaneous combustion of coal would allow for an earlier response. In the secondary oxidation process, the temperature of the extreme value of the alkene ratio appears higher than in primary oxidation. The presence of a higher pre-oxidation temperature and a higher proportion of secondary oxidation gas will affect an indicator's judgement when the primary oxidation enters the severe oxidation stage. The gas produced by secondary oxidation will affect the early warning of the spontaneous combustion of coal in the coal mine goaf, which should be considered in the establishment of an early warning system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To control the Maillard reaction of infant formula (IF) during secondary shelf‐life (SSL) and establish an SSL prediction model, the effects of storage temperatures (25°C, 37°C) and relative humidity (RH) levels (32%, 57%, and 75%) on the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were evaluated. Visible color changes were observed during storage in samples stored at 37°C and not at 25°C. The available lysine loss was the largest, up to 64.14% and 69.40% after 4 weeks of storage at 37°C and 57% RH. At the end of storage, the 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, 3‐deoxyglucuronide, fluorescence of advanced Maillard products and soluble Tryptophan (FAST) index, and Nε‐carboxymethyllysine (CML) of two commercial IFs increased by 0.48–3.32, 1.26–12.65, 0.01–4.87, and 0.30–1.05 times, respectively. During storage, the glyoxal content in two commercial IFs tended to increase and then decrease in the range of 0.21–3.43 mg/100 g. The SSL of IFs was predicted using the multivariate accelerated shelf‐life test and the Arrhenius model. At 25°C, the estimated SLL of two commercial IFs were 10–9 and 7–6 weeks at 57% and 75% RH, respectively. MRPs and ΔE* could be used as indicators for predicting the SLL of infant formula. Practical Application: The results of the study suggested that the increase in storage temperature and humidity during the SSL can promote the MR of IF, which affects the sensory and safety of IF. Therefore, consumers need to focus on controlling storage conditions during the SSL to avoid degradation of IF quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FDA-approved iron oxide nanocrystals (IONs), as negative magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (MRICAs), face challenges because of their low relaxation rate and coherent ferromagnetism. Although research has found that metal doping is an efficient approach to improve the magnetic property and MRI contrast performance of IONs, their systemic mechanism has not been fully explained. Herein, we fabricated a series of transition-metal-doped IONs and systemically explored their sizes, structures, and variation in magnetic properties, revealing the oxygen vacancy-mediated MRI contrast enhancement mechanism of transition-metal-doped IONs. Based on these, we found that Zn-doped IONs possess optimal T2 MRI contrast performance and further investigated their potential to diagnose in vivo orthotopic tumor as a T2 contrast agent. The results indicate that the use of Zn-doped IONs significantly enhances T2-weighted MRI signal intensity of orthotopic prostate tumor with low toxicity, which is beneficial for the accurate diagnosis of orthotopic tumor. Collectively, this work clearly illustrates the mechanism of contrast enhancement of transition-metal-doped IONs and provides a novel paradigm for developing a highly efficient T2 contrast agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a favorable modification method of bentonite (Ben) by electron beam irradiation (EB) without any chemical reagent was provided to study the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) in the aqueous solution. The modified Ben by EB (M-Ben) was characterized with series of spectrographic methods. Results indicated that the M-Ben had better dispersibility, which could obviously improve the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI). It reached the strongest adsorption ability of 97.3% in 30 min (k = 0.038 min−1) at the optimal EB irradiation dose of 22 KGy. Moreover, low pH condition could promote the adsorption of Cr(VI), and the adsorption efficiency was closely related to the concentration of Cr(VI). The mechanism of the higher adsorption of M-Ben was associated with the molecular repulsion of EB irradiation on the surface of Ben, which was also related to the thermal, electrical, and transient impact effects of EB irradiation. This study will broaden the application of EB for the modification of adsorbent, which can be applied in the treatment of environmental pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the impact of reducing dissolved oxygen (DO) content on the quality of UHT milk using a flash deoxygenation treatment. Flash deoxygenation was designed based on preheated milk reaching boiling early under low-pressure conditions to remove DO from the milk. Two parameters were designed for flash deoxygenation: preheating temperature 65 °C, −0.08 Mpa, and 70 °C, −0.06 Mpa. The flash conditions were applied to two UHT sterilization conditions (135 °C for 10 s and 145 °C for 5 s). After deoxygenation, the total oxidation (TOTOX) value of UHT milk was reduced by 1.4~1.71, and the protein carbonyl (PC) value was reduced by 1.15~1.52 nmol/mg of protein. The maximum inhibition rates of furusine and 5-HMF were 33.23 ± 1.72% and 25.43 ± 3.14%, respectively. The particle size was reduced by 0.141~0.178 μm. The ketones and stale aldehydes causing oxidized taste in the UHT milk were significantly reduced. This study showed that the oxidation and Maillard reactions of UHT milk were significantly inhibited, stability was improved, and the content of undesirable volatile flavor substances was reduced after flash deoxygenation. Therefore, reducing DO content was beneficial to improving the quality of UHT milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, enzyme-based green and sustainable chemistry has attracted extensive research attention, which provides a promising alternative to the conventional treatment methods of recalcitrant micropollutants. However, enzyme denaturation and stability loss remain critical challenges for its potential applications in industrial wastewater treatment. In this study, laccase from Trametes versicolor (laccase T.) was cross-linked immobilized by ultraporous alumina (UPA) for the sustainable biodegradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR). Through sequential use of an aminosilane coupling agent (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and bifunctional cross-linker glutaraldehyde (GA), the synthesized biocatalysts showed better immobilization performances (about 4-fold to physical adsorption). The GA concentration considerably affected the laccase T. cross-linking degree, while the GA post-treatment protocol showed the highest laccase T. immobilization yield with lower activity recovery. Moreover, the biocatalyst stabilities including pH stability, thermal stability, storage stability, and reusability were also studied. Tolerance to broader pH and temperature ranges, better storage stability, good reusability of laccase T. cross-linked UPA(γ) biocatalysts, and their continuous RBRR biodegradation efficiency highlight the potentials of enzyme-based inorganic materials in industrial wastewater treatment, which can broaden our understanding of their practical applications in environmental fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, a large amount of tobacco waste liquid (TWL) is discharged into the environment, resulting in serious pollution for the environment. In this work, a TWL-based particle (OACT) was fabricated by CaO, attapulgite (ATP), and TWL, and, then, OACT was coated by amino silicon oil (ASO) to form OACT@ASO. Therein, OACT@ASO had high controlled-release ability for fulvic acid (FA), because of the nanonetworks structure for ATP and the high content of FA in TWL. The release ratio (RR) of FA from OACT@ASO reached 94% at 75 h in deionized water, and 23% at 32 d in silica sand. Furthermore, the release mechanism of FA from OACT@ASO was consistent with the First-order law. Additionally, OACT@ASO also possessed high immobilization capacity for Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) (CCP) in soil. Notably, a pot experiment indicated that OACT@ASO could facilitate the growth of pakchoi seedlings and decrease the absorption of CCP by pakchoi seedlings. Thus, this study provides a new kind of organic fertilizer which could not only release FA, but also immobilize CCP in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Confined by the volatile property, pesticides are overused and lost significantly during and after spraying, weakening the ecological microbalance among different species of lives. Acid‐responsive pesticide is a type of smartly engineered pesticides that contribute to the improvement of utilization efficiency of pesticidal active ingredients in acid‐controlled manner, whilst the implementation of acidic solutions may disturb the balance of microenvironment surrounding targeted plants or cause secondary pollution, underscoring the input of acid in a more precise strategy. RESULTS: Chitosan was chemically modified with a photoacid generator (2‐nitrobenzaldehyde) serving as a light‐maneuvered acid self‐supplier, based on which a smart pesticide was formulated by the integration of attapulgite and organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos. Under the irradiation of UV light (365 nm), the modified chitosan would undergo a photolytic reaction to generate an acid and pristine chitosan, which seized the labile protons and facilitated the release of chlorpyrifos based on its inherent pH‐responsive flexibility. According to the pesticide release performance, the release rate of chlorpyrifos under UV light (27.2 mW/cm2) reached 78%, significantly higher than those under sunlight (22%, 4.2 mW/cm2) and in the dark (20%) within the same time, consistent with the pH reduction to 5.3 under UV light and no obvious pH change for the two other situations, exhibiting an attractive UV light‐controlled, acid‐propelled release behavior. CONCLUSION: Compared to direct acid spray approach, the proposed in situ photo‐induced generation of acid locally on the spots of applied pesticide circumvents the problem of acid contamination to nontargets, demonstrating higher efficiency and biocompatibility for the controlled delivery of acid‐responsive pesticides and pest management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constrained by the strong Coulombic interaction of electron–hole pairs in semiconductor photocatalysts, the charge carrier separation and the resultant photocatalytic capability are greatly compromised. In this work, we rationally construct a built-in electric field (BEF) from the (111) facet of CdTe quantum dots (CdTeQDs) to the (200) facet of two-dimensional Bi2WO6 (2DBWO) nanosheets by the formation of a Te–Ox bond. We validate experimentally and theoretically that the BEF can profoundly promote the dissociation of a photoexcited exciton and separation of a charge carrier, resulting in the formation of a Z-scheme electronic structure of the CdTeQDs/2DBWO photocatalyst. Benefiting from the role of the BEF, the photoinduced generation of the superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical is significantly promoted, based on which photodegradation performances of the CdTeQDs/2DBWO photocatalyst are 6.64, 1.95, and 5.4 times those of pure 2DBWO for tetracycline, phenol, and rhodamine B, respectively. This work provides a mechanistic insight into the design and optimization of semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient charge carrier separation and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cell membrane is widely considered as a promising delivery nanocarrier due to its excellent properties. In this study, self-assembled Pseudomonas geniculate cell membranes were prepared with high yield as drug nanocarriers, and named BMMPs. BMMPs showed excellent biosafety, and could be more efficiently internalized by cancer cells than traditional red cell membrane nanocarriers, indicating that BMMPs could deliver more drug into cancer cells. Subsequently, the BMMPs were coated with nanoselenium (Se), and subsequently loaded with Mn2+ ions and doxorubicin (DOX) to fabricate a functional nanoplatform (BMMP-Mn2+/Se/DOX). Notably, in this nanoplatform, Se nanoparticles activated superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) expression and subsequently up-regulated downstream H2O2 levels. Next, the released Mn2+ ions catalyzed H2O2 to highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH), inducing mitochondrial damage. In addition, the BMMP-Mn2+/Se nanoplatform inhibited glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and further accelerated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Notably, the BMMP-Mn2+/Se/DOX nanoplatform exhibited increased effectiveness in inducing cancer cell death through mitochondrial and nuclear targeting dual-mode therapeutic pathways and showed negligible toxicity to normal organs. Therefore, this nanoplatform may represent a promising drug delivery system for achieving a safe, effective, and accurate cancer therapeutic plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wettability of room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) on coal structure was studied by measuring contact angle, water-retaining property, and FTIR spectra. The eight ILs utilized were [EMIm][BF4], [EMIm][NTf2], [PMIm][BF4], [BMIm][BF4], [HOEtMIm][BF4], [HOEtMIm][NTf2], [P4,4,4,1][MeSO4] and [P4,4,4,2][DEP]. The contact angle results showed that compared with distilled water, the contact angles of ILs decreased, indicating good wetting effect. However, different ILs showed different wetting effects. Among of them, the [HOEtMIm][NTf2] had the best wetting effect, the [P4,4,4,2][DEP] and [P4,4,4,1][MeSO4] were in the second place, and the worst one was [HOEtMIm][BF4]. The water-retaining experiments showed that the evaporation rate of coal containing ILs was slower and the water-retaining time was longer, indicating that the coal containing ILs had stronger resistance to moisture evaporation. The water-retaining property of [EMIm][BF4] was the best. The FTIR experiments showed that the main structure of coal was not changed but some structures changed by ILs treatment. The significant changes were the aliphatic hydrogen groups (1435 and 1371 cm−1), the C-O bond (1300–1000 cm−1) and the mineral structures (1032 and 472 cm−1). This study will provide a new development platform for the ILs used for coal dust prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During coal mine production, the unbalanced emission of stope gas and other toxic and harmful gases can easily lead to major disasters and accidents. In view of the structural characteristics of coal mine excavation ventilation system, a three-dimensional ventilation network (VN) experimental model with an independent stope is constructed and regulated fan frequency conversion (FC) is developed. The concept of influenced degree is proposed, and it is quantified for the stope branch in a complex VN model. An experiment is conducted on FC and air-regulating dilution of quantitative gas release. It is concluded that the gas concentration in the stope of a working face has a power function relationship with the working frequency of the fan. According to mining replacement characteristics, five wind regulation rules for supply and demand matching (SDM) were set during a working day, and the feasibility of dynamic treatment and control adjustment of the gas emission at the mining surface was verified experimentally. Finally, the dynamic SDM control model of stope ventilation has been applied in a mine operated by the Yangquan coal mine. The results show that the stope gas disaster risk can be dispensed quickly and effectively when the emission is unbalanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In coal mining, smoke flow from tunnel fires can easily cause a large number of deaths in the ventilation network. But the optimal smoke flow path control methods and automatic control system were lacked. In order to improve the efficiency of fire emergency rescue, the control mechanism and regional linkage control system for fire induced smoke flow in ventilation network was studied. Based on a ventilation system in coal mines, different fire scenarios for smoke flow were analysed using ventilation simulation software (VSS). Smoke flow control methods were simulated under different ventilation modes, a contrastive analysis was conducted for the respective effects and the optimal smoke flow path control methods were confirmed in different fire scenarios. A new type of ventilation facility, regional monitoring sub‐stations and remote linkage control platforms were developed for smoke control. A reliability evaluation model for the control system was established by Bayesian network. The failure of the linkage control is 98.9%, the monitoring sub‐station is 64.4%, the sub‐station communication is 43.9%; thus, a double insurance of the control process must be realised. Since its application, the proposed regional linkage control system has been repeatedly tested through fire drills, and good results have been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-partum depression (PPD) is a growing mental health concern worldwide. There is little evidence in the Chinese context of the relationship between paternal PPD and maternal PPD. Given the growing global concerns this relationship requires further exploration.Methods: A survey was conducted with 950 total couples from March 2017 to December 2018. The study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire that included basic demographic information, information on the relationship between the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, marital satisfaction (both maternal and paternal), and PPD symptoms. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism for PPD symptoms in mothers and fathers.Results: In 4.4% of the couples both the wife and the husband showed depressive symptoms. Maternal marital satisfaction showed a significant mediating effect on paternal PPD (B = -0.114, p < 0.01), and there was a direct effect of maternal PPD on paternal PPD (B = 0.31, p < 0.001).Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate the possible correlation between maternal PPD, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law relationship satisfaction, maternal marital satisfaction, paternal marital satisfaction, and paternal PPD. It is important for future PPD interventions to target both maternal and paternal mental health, as well as the mechanisms identified that can lead to PPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When disaster occurs in coal mines, the complex network structure of roadways and the disaster evolution process usually cause serious casualties. An efficient escape plan becomes an important method to guarantee survivors. The factors affecting the miners' escape during the disaster were analyzed. An experimental model was established based on the key factors such as the slope, the convex–concave degree, and the speed of the airflow. The equations between the key factors and the escape speed were fitted by a large number of experimental values. A quantitative model of high temperature, CO, CO2, and O2 concentrations, visibility, and other environmental factors related to the dynamic health of the miners was set up. A cellular automata model for the shortest route selection in the complex ventilation network was established. In order to solve this problem, we established a physical model of the ventilation system in the Tang Shan-gou coal mine. The static difficulty degree of the roadways in the complex network was calculated by classification and segmentation. The parameters such as temperature and the components of the fire smoke in the roadways were simulated by the fire dynamics simulator. The cellular automata model was improved, the static difficulty was set as the primary selection factor, and the dynamic healthy degree was set as the secondary factor. From the simulated disaster drills carried out by the miners and the numerical simulation results, we proved that it is reasonable and feasible to use the improved cellular automata model for the personnel escape route optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A trisynergetic system (AFB) of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NI)-biofilm supported on attapulgite (ATP) was used to degrade nitrobenzene (NTB) in aqueous solution. We first synthesized a nanocomposite of ATP, polyvinyl alcohol, and NI as the growth carrier (AP-NI) for the biofilm. The activity of the biofilm was determined after its successful application, and the microorganisms were domesticated using NTB wastewater. The specific surface area of the AP-NI carrier was 158 m2/g, much higher than that of the traditional carrier polyvinyl alcohol (30.1 m2/g). AP-NI could be evenly distributed in water rather than settling, due to its average density of 0.647 g/m3. Additionally, the reductive efficiency of AP-NI towards NTB was about 91%, providing good support for the subsequent construction of the biofilm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the microorganisms were dominated by globular bacteria after acclimation, and could completely degrade 8 mg/L NTB in 24 h with high activity. The microbial activity depended more strongly on the choice of carbon source. Finally, polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology was used to analyze the microbial community structure and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence. The NTB degradation mechanism of the trisynergetic system revealed a mainly aerobic pathway with an iron cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Because of the wide use of chromium‐containing feed, much hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) tends to accumulate in pork. In order to decrease the toxicity of Cr(VI)‐containing pork for human beings, high‐energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation was used to reduce highly toxic Cr(VI) to low toxic trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) in lean, fat, and marbled pork. HEEB irradiation could efficiently and nondestructively reduce both free and adsorbed Cr(VI) in pork, achieving the highest reductive efficiency (RE) of 98.03%. Therein, hydrated electrons (eaq−) and hydrogen radical (•H) generated during the irradiation process probably played key roles in the reduction. The effects of irradiation dose, initial concentration of Cr(VI), pH, temperature, salinity, and oil on the RE were investigated to obtain the optimal reduction conditions, proving the high universality of this approach. This work provides a clean and low‐cost method for removing Cr(VI) from pork, which is important to ensure food safety. Practical Application: This work describes a facile, nondestructive, and clean method for removing Cr(VI) from meat product, which may have a potential application prospect in ensuring food quality and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea tends to be hydrolyzed by urease and then migrate into the environment, which results in a low utilization efficiency and severe environmental contamination. To solve this problem, a network-structured nanocomposite (sodium humate-attapulgite-polyacrylamide) was fabricated and used as an excellent fertilizer synergist (FS) that could effectively inhibit the hydrolysis, reduce the loss, and enhance the utilization efficiency of nitrogen. Additionally, the FS exerted significant positive effects on the expression of several nitrogen-uptake-related genes, ion flux in maize roots, the growth of crops, and the organic matter in soil. The FS could modify the microbial community in the soil and increase the number of bacteria involved in nitrogen metabolism, organic matter degradation, the iron cycle, and photosynthesis. Importantly, this technology displayed a high biosafety and has a great potential to reduce nonpoint agricultural pollution. Therefore, this work provides a promising approach to manage nitrogen and to promote the sustainable development of agriculture and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once initiated, coal mine belt fires can develop rapidly, and if improperly controlled, these fires could easily lead to the airflow disorders that undermine the function of the ventilation system, and the smoke plume could lead to heavy casualties. However, belt fires can be effectively prevented by establishing a fire smoke plume control system. According to the characteristics of fire smoke plume control in the ventilation network, models of ventilation systems are analyzed, and different methods of fire emergency rescue systems are designed. A mathematical model for fire smoke flow was developed based on the west-wing mining area in Long-Dong coal mine. The distributions of the smoke parameters and airflow temperature on the roadway before and after performing the smoke flow control measures were simulated by Fluent software. The results indicate that 37 min after the fire began, the smoke plume had invaded all of the roadways in the west-wing mining area. The average temperature of the roadway in the west mining area is 332 K, the O concentration is 14.8 %, the CO concentration is 5.1 % and the highest concentration of CO is 0.98 %. In this environment, miners in distress are unable to survive. A function to adjust the opening degree of the air-doors was designed, and the air volume control of the key branches was realized during a fire emergency rescue. A permanent refuge chamber was situated in the mining area to provide a safe shelter for miners when a disaster occurs. Many field exercises have verified the combined function of the emergency rescue system and refuge chamber to ensure the security of the miners in the underground coal mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The translocation domain (T-domain) of diphtheria toxin contains 10 α helices in the aqueous crystal structure. Upon exposure to a planar lipid bilayer under acidic conditions, it inserts to form a channel and transport the attached amino-terminal catalytic domain across the membrane. The TH5, TH8, and TH9 helices form transmembrane segments in the open-channel state, with TH1-TH4 translocated across the membrane. The TH6-TH7 segment also inserts to form a constriction that occupies only a small portion of the total channel length. Here, we have examined the TH5 segment in more detail, using the substituted-cysteine accessibility method. We constructed a series of 23 mutant T-domains with single cysteine residues at positions in and near TH5, monitored their channel formation in planar lipid bilayers, and probed for an effect of thiol-specific reagents added to the solutions on either side of the membrane. For 15 of the mutants, the reagent caused a decrease in single-channel conductance, indicating that the introduced cysteine residue was exposed within the channel lumen. We also found that reaction caused large changes in ionic selectivity for some mutant channels. We determined whether reaction occurred in the open state or in the brief flicker-closed state of the channel. Finally, we compared the reaction rates from either side of the membrane. Our experiments are consistent with the hypotheses that the TH5 helix has a transmembrane orientation and remains helical in the open-channel state; they also indicate that the middle of the helix is aligned with the constriction in the channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wormstructured and nanosized porous/hollow polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized Gd2O3/Fe3O4 composite was fabricated as a drug carrier and a bioimaging agent. The effect of PEI's chain length on the size and morphology of the nanoworm was investigated and the results indicated that the nanoworm modified with PEI (10 000 molecular weight) (designated as p-nanoworm) possessed a suitable size and a porous/hollow structure. Meanwhile, the p-nanoworm could effectively prevent the leakage of Gd ions under different pH conditions because of plenty of amino groups on their surface. Compared with contrast agents of clinical use, the p-nanoworm displayed MR enhancement with a high r1 relaxivity of 5.58 s−1 mM−1 per gadolinium atom. Cisplatin (CDDP), a clinical anticancer drug, could be easily loaded into the pores and lumen of the p-nanoworm (p-nanoworm-CDDP) and also controllably released by adjusting the pH value. Cell assay suggested that the p-nanoworm possessed satisfactory biocompatibility and meanwhile could promote CDDP uptake of HeLa cells and enhance the inhibition effect on HeLa cells. In addition, p-nanoworm-CDDP showed a negligible cytotoxicity on normal human cells, indicating that the side effect of CDDP is reduced. Thus, the p-nanoworm could have a potential application for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vacuum chamber is used as a new method to suppress gas explosion. Explosion propagation characteristics were studied in a system composed of rectangular pipes and a vacuum chamber. The volume of the vacuum chamber was adjusted by inserting PVC sheets into it. Two groups of explosion suppression experiments were conducted. In one group, the distance between the vacuum chamber and the explosive source point was 3 m and in the other group, this distance was 4 m. The results demonstrated that the effect of explosion suppression of the vacuum chamber is related to the vacuum chamber's critical volume. When the volume of the vacuum chamber was greater than the critical volume, the chamber exhibited a good explosion suppression effect. When the volume of the vacuum chamber was less than the critical volume, it could not suppress the explosion, and the explosive pressure and flame were stronger than those measured in the absence of the vacuum chamber. On the basis of the experimental results, we further analyzed the suppression mechanism of the vacuum chamber and concluded that stretching of the explosion flame front as well as alteration of the composition of the explosive gas led to the explosive flame being extinguished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional pesticides (TP) often do not adhere tightly to crop foliage. They can easily enter the surrounding environment through precipitation and volatilization. This can result in the pollution of the surrounding soil, water, and air. To reduce pesticide pollution, we developed a loss-control pesticide (LCP) by adding attapulgite with a nano networks structure fabricated using high energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation and hydrothermal treatment to TP. HEEB irradiation effectively dispersed originally aggregated attapulgite through modified thermal, charge, and physical effects. Hydrothermal treatment further enhanced the dispersion of attapulgite to form nano porous networks via thermal and wet expansion effects, which are beneficial for pesticide binding. An LCP has improved retention on crop leaf surfaces. It has a higher adhesion capacity, reduced leaching and volatilization, and extended residual activity compared with the TP formulation. The treatment increases the residual activity of pesticides on crop foliage and decreases environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]