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The advancement of intelligent technology has propelled the development of smart unmanned vessels into a new phase. To address the urgent demands of current smart ship development, this paper develops a comprehensive ship digital twin system based on a virtual-real mapping algorithm, focusing on the fundamental elements of digital twin model construction. Using the smart unmanned experimental ship Dolphin 1 as a prototype, a digital twin virtual model is proposed. This system leverages real-time internal and external data from the entire vessel to track its navigational status, performance indicators, sailing trends, and surrounding flow field information, offering coordinated "human-machine" navigation assistance. Based on historical data collected from the vessel's long-term navigation, a real-time precise prediction of the vessel's navigational state and hydrodynamic performance is conducted using physics-informed neural network algorithm. This establishes a self-learning iterative virtual-physical mapping model that enables autonomous updates and evolution. As the real navigation data of the vessel continuously update, the virtual model can more accurately simulate the vessel's state in real time. The proposed digital twin model has been tested through sea trials under real sea conditions, demonstrating its high accuracy, robustness, and potential for enhancing navigational safety and efficiency. This system marks a significant step forward in the integration of digital twin technology with maritime navigation, providing a valuable tool for the future development of smart shipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nondestructive testing (NDT) is of paramount importance in ensuring the safe operation of equipment. Among various NDT techniques, ultrasonic NDT has garnered widespread attention due to its high sensitivity, fast speed, and accurate defect location. Photoacoustic NDT, a burgeoning field in ultrasonic NDT, is particularly attractive due to its immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, existing photoacoustic NDT systems suffer from inadequate excitation intensity and complex ultrasonic signal characteristics, impeding large-area NDT and accurate crack visualization. In this study, we present an all-fiber photoacoustic system for large-area NDT. To address the issues, we have developed a photoacoustic generator unit that can be optimized and controlled to generate stronger ultrasonic signals. Furthermore, we have employed mode decomposition to simplify the detected ultrasonic signals by mitigating the acoustic impedance mismatch-induced mode mixing problem in the system. As a result, the technology allows for large-area crack monitoring of up to 50*50 cm2 with an improved resolution of 1 mm. The present technology paves the way for high-resolution equipment crack monitoring with substantially enhanced accuracy in various environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated observation methods for monitoring river ice in high-latitude urban areas are crucial for resource utilization, risk assessment, and navigation. However, current research lacks actual-scale river ice classification, such as low-altitude surveys. This study established a dataset of river ice in the Songhua River near Harbin, Northeast China, using UAV aerial photography and applied the RININet semantic segmentation algorithm for precise classification of different ice types in low-altitude aerial remote sensing images. To address environmental challenges, a feature extraction method integrating channel and spatial attention mechanisms was adopted, along with an improved pyramid pool structure to enhance feature recognition. Additionally, a two-stage transfer learning method established an ice recognition database, overcoming issues like small data volume and high annotation costs. Comparative evaluation metrics demonstrated the high accuracy of the semantic segmentation framework. Furthermore, a method for estimating ice blockage risk was proposed, applicable to various urban river ice management tasks, with practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has been restricted by intensive lymphodepletion and high-dose intravenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) administration. To address these limitations, we conducted preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate the safety, antitumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of an innovative modified regimen in patients with advanced gynecologic cancer. Methods: Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were established from a local recurrent cervical cancer patient. TILs were expanded ex vivo from minced tumors without feeder cells in the modified TIL therapy regimen. Patients underwent low-dose cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion followed by TIL infusion without intravenous IL-2. The primary endpoint was safety; the secondary endpoints included objective response rate, duration of response, and T cell persistence. Results: In matched patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models, homologous TILs efficiently reduced tumor size (p < 0.0001) and underwent IL-2 absence in vivo. In the clinical section, all enrolled patients received TIL infusion using a modified TIL therapy regimen successfully with a manageable safety profile. Five (36%, 95% CI 16.3–61.2) out of 14 evaluable patients experienced objective responses, and three complete responses were ongoing at 19.5, 15.4, and 5.2 months, respectively. Responders had longer overall survival (OS) than non-responders (p = 0.036). Infused TILs showed continuous proliferation and long-term persistence in all patients and showed greater proliferation in responders which was indicated by the Morisita overlap index (MOI) of TCR clonotypes between infused TILs and peripheral T cells on day 14 (p = 0.004) and day 30 (p = 0.004). Higher alteration of the CD8+/CD4+ ratio on day 14 indicated a longer OS (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Our modified TIL therapy regimen demonstrated manageable safety, and TILs could survive and proliferate without IL-2 intravenous administration, showing potent efficacy in patients with advanced gynecologic cancer. Trial registration: NCT04766320, Jan 04, 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although sensitizing traditional fluorescent dyes with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) exciplexes has been extensively studied, the device performance of solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) still lags far behind in this regard. Herein, the novel exciplex with high up‐conversion efficiency composed of a triazatruxene‐based donor and a triazine‐based acceptor is employed as a TADF sensitizer to fluorescent dye in solution‐processed hyperfluorescent OLEDs. Benefiting from the small activation energy for triplet up‐conversion and less non‐radiative recombination of triplet excitons, the new TADF exciplex can up‐convert efficiently non‐radiative triplet excitons through reverse intersystem crossing. Besides, expeditious up‐conversion processes also shorten the residence time of triplet excitons, giving rise to significant suppression of detrimental Dexter energy transfer from the exciplex sensitizer to the dopant. By maximizing the triplet up‐conversion efficiency of exciplex sensitizers, the optimized OLEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 16.0%, which is the first report for the solution‐processed exciplex‐sensitized hyperfluorescent OLEDs with EQEmax exceeding 15%. These results validate that the up‐conversion efficiency of triplet excitons in the exciplexes strongly affects the performance of exciplex‐sensitized fluorescent devices, and the triazatruxene‐based molecules are promising donor candidates for constructing the exciplexes with high up‐conversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object: Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a radiologically heterogeneous disease entity, here we aim to establish a multimodal imaging-based radiological classification and evaluate the outcome of different treatment strategies under this classification frame. Methods: This retrospective study included 103 children diagnosed with DIPGs between January 2015 and August 2018 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital (Beijing, China). Multimodal radiological characteristics, including conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffuse tensor imaging/diffuse tensor tractography (DTI/DTT), and positron emission tomography (PET) were reviewed to construct the classification. The outcome of different treatment strategies was compared in each DIPG subgroup using Kaplan–Meier method (log-rank test) to determine the optimal treatment for specific DIPGs. Results: Four radiological DIPG types were identified: Type A (“homocentric”, n=13), Type B (“ventral”, n=41), Type C (“eccentric”, n=37), and Type D (“dorsal”, n=12). Their treatment modalities were grouped as observation (43.7%), cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus radiotherapy (RT) (24.3%), RT alone (11.7%), and CRS alone (20.4%). CRS+RT mainly fell into type C (29.7%), followed by type B1 (21.9%) and type D (50%). Overall, CRS+RT exhibited a potential survival advantage compared to RT alone, which was more pronounced in specific type, but this did not reach statistical significance, due to limited sample size and unbalanced distribution. Conclusion: We proposed a multimodality imaging-based radiological classification for pediatric DIPG, which was useful for selecting optimal treatment strategies, especially for identifying candidates who may benefit from CRS plus RT. This classification opened a window into image-guided integrated treatment for pediatric DIPG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecologic malignant cancers with the current survival rate remaining low. TRPM2 has been reported as a survival predictor in various cancers but not in OC. The aim of this study is to explore the role and its underlying mechanism of TRPM2 in OC. Methods: The transcriptome data and clinical data were obtained from TCGA, GTEx, and GEO (GSE17260). DriverDBv3 and PrognoScan were used to analyze survival correlations. GSEA analysis was performed to uncover the underlying mechanism. The correlations between TRPM2 and immune score, immune cell infiltration were analyzed by TIMER2.0. Results: TRPM2 was highly expressed in OC and high TRPM2 expression was related to the poor prognosis based on the Kaplan-Meier curves, univariate and multivariate analysis. The enrichment analysis suggested that TRPM2 was involved in immune-related pathways. Positive correlations were also observed between TRPM2 expression and immune score and immune cells covering B cells, T cells, macrophage, neutrophil, and myeloid dendritic cells. We also found that TRPM2 was positively related to immune checkpoints including ICOSLG, CD40, CD86, etc. TRPM2 expression had a positive correlation with M2 macrophage, but not with M1 macrophage. Besides, TRPM2 showed a strong positive correlation with pyroptosis-related genes including NLRP3, NLRC4, NOD2, NOD1, IL1B, GSDMD. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that TRPM2 is a poor prognostic prediction factor in ovarian cancer and is correlated to the immune microenvironment and pyroptosis. TRPM2 may act as a new immunotherapy target, which promoted the survival rate of OC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hyperfluorescence has drawn great attention in achieving efficient narrowband emitting devices based on multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters. However, achieving efficient solution‐processed pure blue hyperfluorescence devices is still a challenge, due to the unbalanced charge transport and serious exciton quenching caused by that the holes are easily trapped on the high‐lying HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital) level of traditional diphenylamine‐decorated emitters. Here, we developed two narrowband blue organoboron emitters with low‐lying HOMO levels by decorating the MR‐TADF core with weakly electron‐donating carbazoles, which could suppress the hole trapping effect by reducing the hole traps between host and MR‐TADF emitter from deep (0.40 eV) to shallow (0.14/0.20 eV) ones for facilitating hole transport and exciton formation, as well as avoiding exciton quenching. And the large dihedral angle between the carbazole and MR‐TADF core makes the carbazole act as a steric hindrance to inhibit molecular aggregation. Accordingly, the optimized solution‐processed pure blue hyperfluorescence devices simultaneously realize record external quantum efficiency of 29.2 %, narrowband emission with a full‐width at half‐maximum of 16.6 nm, and pure blue color with CIE coordinates of (0.139, 0.189), which is the best result for the solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes based on MR‐TADF emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hyperfluorescence has drawn great attention in achieving efficient narrowband emitting devices based on multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters. However, achieving efficient solution‐processed pure blue hyperfluorescence devices is still a challenge, due to the unbalanced charge transport and serious exciton quenching caused by that the holes are easily trapped on the high‐lying HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital) level of traditional diphenylamine‐decorated emitters. Here, we developed two narrowband blue organoboron emitters with low‐lying HOMO levels by decorating the MR‐TADF core with weakly electron‐donating carbazoles, which could suppress the hole trapping effect by reducing the hole traps between host and MR‐TADF emitter from deep (0.40 eV) to shallow (0.14/0.20 eV) ones for facilitating hole transport and exciton formation, as well as avoiding exciton quenching. And the large dihedral angle between the carbazole and MR‐TADF core makes the carbazole act as a steric hindrance to inhibit molecular aggregation. Accordingly, the optimized solution‐processed pure blue hyperfluorescence devices simultaneously realize record external quantum efficiency of 29.2 %, narrowband emission with a full‐width at half‐maximum of 16.6 nm, and pure blue color with CIE coordinates of (0.139, 0.189), which is the best result for the solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes based on MR‐TADF emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MUC16 (CA125) is a commonly used tumor marker for ovarian cancer screening and reported to be an immunosuppressive factor by acting on the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-9 (Siglec-9) on the surface of natural killer cells (NK cells), B cells, and monocytes. However, the role of MUC16 on neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment remains to be further explored. Methods: The correlation between the proportion and count of peripheral blood cells, serum inflammatory-related factors and serum MUC16 (CA125) level in patients was constructed based on clinical samples. RNAseq data was obtained from TCGA and sequencing of ovarian cancer tissues, followed by TIMER immune cell infiltration and correlation analysis. Ovarian cancer organoid was constructed to stimulate neutrophils with immunophenotype identification by qPCR and flow cytometry. MUC16 protein stimulation to neutrophils validated the role of MUC16 under the analysis of RNA sequencing and inhibition of NK cytotoxicity in vitro. Results: The serum MUC16 level was positively correlated with the proportion and count of peripheral blood neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-2R. Siglec-9, the receptor of MUC16, was expressed on neutrophils and was positively correlated to neutrophil infiltration in ovarian cancer. After the stimulation of ovarian cancer organoids and MUC16 respectively, the proportions of CD11b+, CD66b+, and ICAM-1+ neutrophils were significantly increased, while the proportion of CXCR4+ neutrophils was slightly decreased, with increasing of of inflammatory factors MMP9, IL-8, OSM, IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL3, and ROS. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that inflammatory response, TNFA signaling pathway, and IL6-related pathway were upregulated in MUC16-stimulated neutrophils, accompanied by high expression of immunosuppression-related factors HHLA2, IL-6, TNFRSF9, ADORA2A, CD274 (PD-L1), and IDO1. NK cytotoxicity was decreased when treated by supernanant of MUC16-stimulated neutrophils in vitro. Conclusion: MUC16 acted on neutrophils by Siglec-9 leading to an inflammatory and immunosuppressive phenotype in ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecologic malignant cancers with the current survival rate remaining low. TRPM2 has been reported as a survival predictor in various cancers but not in OC. The aim of this study is to explore the role and its underlying mechanism of TRPM2 in OC. Methods: The transcriptome data and clinical data were obtained from TCGA, GTEx, and GEO (GSE17260). DriverDBv3 and PrognoScan were used to analyze survival correlations. GSEA analysis was performed to uncover the underlying mechanism. The correlations between TRPM2 and immune score, immune cell infiltration were analyzed by TIMER2.0. Results: TRPM2 was highly expressed in OC and high TRPM2 expression was related to the poor prognosis based on the Kaplan-Meier curves, univariate and multivariate analysis. The enrichment analysis suggested that TRPM2 was involved in immune-related pathways. Positive correlations were also observed between TRPM2 expression and immune score and immune cells covering B cells, T cells, macrophage, neutrophil, and myeloid dendritic cells. We also found that TRPM2 was positively related to immune checkpoints including ICOSLG, CD40, CD86, etc. TRPM2 expression had a positive correlation with M2 macrophage, but not with M1 macrophage. Besides, TRPM2 showed a strong positive correlation with pyroptosis-related genes including NLRP3, NLRC4, NOD2, NOD1, IL1B, GSDMD. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that TRPM2 is a poor prognostic prediction factor in ovarian cancer and is correlated to the immune microenvironment and pyroptosis. TRPM2 may act as a new immunotherapy target, which promoted the survival rate of OC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Reliable and valid measurement tools are crucial for clinical practice in chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNSNP). The Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale (CNFDS) is a widely used scale in neck pain assessment and has its unique advantages, but it is not available for patients with CNSNP in southern China. Objective: To develop the simplified Chinese version of CNFDS (CNFDS‐SC) cross‐culturally and to investigate its measurement properties in patients with CNSNP. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Setting: Validation of neck pain measurement scale in southern China. Patients One hundred five patients with CNSNP. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Internal consistency and test‐retest reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Construct validity and structural validity were validated by hypothesis testing and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. Internal and external responsiveness were validated. Interpretability was revealed by the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC). Results: Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.77 for first test and 0.84 for retest) and test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.95) were satisfactory. CNFDS‐SC scores showed strong correlations with the numeric rating scale (NRS), the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) scores (r = 0.652, 0.763, and 0.719, respectively; p <.001). Factor analysis revealed a one‐factor structure of the scale. Regarding responsiveness, the standardized response mean (SRM) and the Guyatt's responsiveness index (GRI) were 1.29 and 2.12, respectively. CNFDS‐SC change scores showed good correlations with the anchoring question (r = 0.619, p <.001), NDI (r = 0.439, p =.001), and NPQ (r = 0.438 p =.001) change scores; the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.89 (p <.001). The SEM and SDC were 0.93 and 2.57, respectively. No floor or ceiling effect and no missing items were observed. Conclusion: The CNFDS‐SC was demonstrated with adequate reliability, validity, responsiveness, and interpretability. The CNFDS‐SC could be an effective tool for the clinical assessment of patients with CNSNP in southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to describe 11C-methionine (11C-MET) PET imaging characteristics in patients with paediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and correlate them with survival and H3 K27M mutation status. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 98 children newly diagnosed with DIPG who underwent 11C-MET PET. PET imaging characteristics evaluated included uptake intensity, uniformity, metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion methionine uptake (TLMU). The maximum, mean, and peak of the tumour-to-background ratio (TBR), calculated as the corresponding standardised uptake values (SUV) divided by the mean reference value, were also recorded. The associations between the PET imaging characteristics and clinical outcomes in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and H3 K27M mutation status were assessed, respectively. Results: In univariate analysis, imaging characteristics significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS included a higher uniformity grade, higher TBRs, larger MTV, and higher TLMU. In multivariate analysis, larger MTV at diagnosis, shorter symptom duration, and no treatment were significantly correlated with shorter PFS and OS. The PET imaging features were not correlated with H3 K27M mutation status. Conclusion: Although several imaging features were significantly associated with PFS and OS, only MTV, indicating the size of the active tumour, was identified as a strong independent prognostic factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a new channel through which dividend policy can affect firm value. We find that firms that pay dividends exhibit lower systematic liquidity risk than those that do not. We also report a significant negative relationship between dividend payment and systematic liquidity risk. The liquidity improvement associated with dividend payments translates into an economically meaningful reduction in the cost of equity capital. Our results are robust to endogeneity concerns, to alternative measures of liquidity risk and dividend payouts, and to alternative model specifications. Further analysis suggests that the reduction in liquidity risk associated with dividend payouts is more pronounced for weakly governed firms and firms with opaque informational environment. Finally, we find that the recent financial crisis led to a greater increase in systematic liquidity risk for firms with no or low dividend payouts. Overall, our study implies that dividend policy can be used by corporate managers to shape liquidity risk and mitigate the adverse impact of economic downturns on the value of their firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple N,S-chelated four-coordinated difluoroboron-based emitter is reported with three polymorphs, which emit high contrast green (G), yellow (Y) and red (R) light. Interestingly, the G and R-Crystals show different thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) at 530 nm and 630 nm with a remarkable emission spectral shift of up to 100 nm, while the Y-Crystal exhibits room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) at around 570 nm with a high solid-state quantum yield of 77%. Single crystal analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that different molecular conformations and packing modes lead to distinct triplet exciton conversion channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Extant research has paid considerable attention to the effects of enterprise social media (ESM) on employees' work attitudes and outcomes, yet the authors know little about the influence of job demands arising from the implementation of ESM. Drawing on resource allocation theory, the purpose of this study is to unravel how ESM-related job demands influence employee outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducts a two-wave time-lagged survey of 223 employees from 53 teams in 14 financial service firms in China to test the conceptual model. Findings: The findings of this paper indicate that ESM-related job demands have indirect effects on employee outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction and work–family conflict), and emotional exhaustion plays an intermediary role in these relationships. Specifically, ESM-related job demands have a U-shaped effect on emotional exhaustion. Originality/value: This study combines job demands with ESM research and clarifies the mechanism behind how ESM-related job demands at different intensity affect employee outcomes from a new perspective. Moreover, this study's findings suggest several beneficial courses of action for managers to take advantage of ESM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils (EO) are promising feed additives for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-enhancing abilities with low toxicity. Carvacrol, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde are commonly used to synthesize EO. However, few studies focus on combining these three EO in early-weaned piglets. In the present study, 24 piglets weaned at 21 d of age were randomly divided into 2 groups (6 replicate pens per group, 2 piglets per pen). The piglets were fed a basal diet (the control group) and a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg EO (a blend consisting of carvacrol, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde, the EO group) for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, one piglet per pen was randomly chosen to be sacrificed. Growth performance, hematology, plasma biochemical indices, antioxidant capacity, intestinal epithelial development and immunity, colonic volatile fatty acids (VFA), and microbiota were determined. The results indicated that the diet supplemented with EO significantly improved average daily feed intake (ADFI, p < 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG, p < 0.05) in the day 0 to 28 period. EO supplementation led to a significant decrease in plasma lysozyme (p < 0.05) and cortisol levels (p < 0.01). Additionally, EO significantly promoted jejunal goblet cells in the villus, jejunal mucosa ZO-1 mRNA expression, ileal villus height, and ileal villus height/crypt depth ratio in piglets (p < 0.05). The ileal mucosal TLR4 and NFκB p-p65/p65 protein expression were significantly inhibited in the EO group (p < 0.05). Colonic digesta microbiota analysis revealed that bacteria involving the Erysipelotrichaceae family, Holdemanella genus, Phascolarctobacterium genus, and Vibrio genus were enriched in the EO group. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the EO blend improves ADG and ADFI in the day 0 to 28 period, as well as intestinal epithelial development and intestinal immunity in early-weaned piglets, which provides a theoretical basis for the combined use of EO in weaned piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolyte plasma polishing (EPP) is an innovative and efficient technology mainly used to polish complex metal products and obtain surfaces with low roughness and high gloss. However, limited by the electrolyte bath size, EPP method is not suitable for polishing workpieces with large size. This paper introduces a spray electrolyte plasma polishing (SEPP) method that can process large-scale and complex surface. The theoretical mechanism of SEPP is presented. GH3536 superalloy plates manufactured by SLM were used as the experimental specimens. The influence of cathode feed velocity on surface roughness is studied. Key parameters, like distance between anode and cathode, voltage, temperature, and flow rate of the electrolyte were investigated experimentally. Properties such as surface roughness, micro morphology, chemical composition, and surface hardness of the GH3536 specimens were detected and analyzed. The results show that SEPP technology can decrease the specimen surface roughness from Ra = 13.93 μm to 0.107 μm and obtain a smooth and glossy surface without obvious machining traces. The oxides and other impurities on the specimen surface were removed, and the contents of Ni, Cr, and Fe elements were increased. Additionally, the surface hardness values of the polished specimen were increased and showed good consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: To investigate the genetic reprogramming that drives intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) maturation along the crypt-villus axis, entCerocytes were sequentially isolated from the villus tip to the crypts of porcine small intestine. The present study obtained the intestinal upper villus epithelial cells (F1) and crypt epithelial cells (F3) of 21-day suckling piglets using the divalent chelation and precipitation technique. By mRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis of F1 and F3, it was shown that a total of 672 unigenes were differentially expressed between F1 and F3, including 224 highly expressed and 448 minimally expressed unigenes. The greatest number of differentially expressed genes enriched in signal transduction, e.g., Wnt, Hippo, TGF-beta, mTOR, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, were closely related to the differentiation, proliferation, maturation and apoptosis of IECs. Our results provide important information for identifying new regulators of IECs differentiation and maturation. Moreover, they can also provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying intestinal epithelial cell renewal and the rapid repair of intestinal mucosal oxidative damage. It is well known that the small intestinal epithelial cells of mammals rapidly undergo differentiation, maturation, and apoptosis. However, few studies have defined the physiological state and gene expression changes of enterocytes along the crypt-villus axis in suckling piglets. In the present study, we obtained the intestinal upper villus epithelial cells (F1) and crypt epithelial cells (F3) of 21-day suckling piglets using the divalent chelation and precipitation technique. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, and lactase of F1 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of F3. To explore the differences at the gene transcription level, we compared the global transcriptional profiles of F1 and F3 using RNA-seq analysis technology. A total of 672 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between F1 and F3, including 224 highly expressed and 448 minimally expressed unigenes. Functional analyses indicated that some DEGs were involved in the transcriptional regulation of nutrient transportation (SLC15A1, SLC5A1, and SLC3A1), cell differentiation (LGR5, HOXA5 and KLF4), cell proliferation (PLK2 and TGFB3), transcriptional regulation (JUN, FOS and ATF3), and signaling transduction (WNT10B and BMP1), suggesting that these genes were related to intestinal epithelial cell maturation and cell renewal. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly associated with binding, catalytic activity, enzyme regulator activity, and molecular transducer activity. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the DGEs were categorized into 284 significantly enriched pathways. The greatest number of DEGs enriched in signal transduction, some of which (Wnt, Hippo, TGF-beta, mTOR, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways) were closely related to the differentiation, proliferation, maturation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. We validated the expression levels of eight DEGs in F1 and F3 using qRT-PCR. The present study revealed temporal and regional changes in mRNA expression between F1 and F3 of suckling piglets, which provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying intestinal epithelial cell renewal and the rapid repair of intestinal mucosal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To investigate the efficacy of dapagliflozin for diabetes mellitus complicated by coronary artery diseases and its impact on vascular endothelial function. Methods. Between August 2020 and August 2021, 80 patients with coronary heart disease complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either dapagliflozin (5 mg daily) plus original oral hypoglycemic agents (dapagliflozin group) or original oral hypoglycemic agents alone (control group). Outcome measures included blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol levels, vascular endothelial function, cardiovascular events, and drug-related adverse events. Results. The two groups had similar outcome indices upon admission (P > 0.05). After 20 weeks of medication, the two groups of patients showed similar blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels versus those before treatment (P > 0.05), and no significant differences were found in intergroup comparison neither (P > 0.05). Dapagliflozin plus conventional hypoglycemic agents resulted in a significantly higher reactive hyperemia index (RHI) value, fewer cases with abnormal vascular endothelial function, and fewer major cardiovascular events during treatment versus the sole use of conventional hypoglycemic agents (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in drug-related adverse events between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Dapagliflozin improves the vascular endothelial functions of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by coronary artery disease with a high safety profile and favorable efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the existence of coal production risk, effective prewarning is important to the reliability and safety of coal mine. So, the development of a risk prewarning system has become an important safety management tool. To improve the prediction ability and the supervision level of safety production, and handle different multidimensional (temporal and spatial) information for risk prewarning, we built a new platform based on the Internet, cloud platform, mobile communication, GIS, and artificial intelligence technology, i.e., a mobile intelligent mine platform. The terminal of the platform provides real-time queries and procedures of coal mine production and risk prewarning and provides data support and technical means for daily supervision, remote networking analysis, law enforcement inspection, and emergency rescue. The prewarning model of safety risk is an essential means to realize prewarning. The complexity of production of coal mine leads to the dynamic characteristics, fuzziness, and randomness of coal mine accidents. The complex nonlinear relationship between index and risk level leads to low accuracy of the traditional back propagation (BP) neural network prewarning method. A novel model based on a compensation fuzzy neural network (NN) and an attention mechanism-convolutional neural network (ATT-CNN) are a critical part of the new design. First, to full use of the convolutional network to get a larger receptive field, one-dimensional time series is transformed into two-dimensional matrix as the input of the CNN network by mapping. The neural network is utilized to extract the advanced features of the input signal. The results are finally output through a fully connected classifier. The model fuses multisource data at the feature level, employs the temporal and spatial relationships of monitoring data, and dynamically evaluates the risk. The experiment shows that the proposed model achieves impressive performance in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations and has improved the model generalization ability. The combination of data integration, remote examinations, and approval from existing information systems enables this platform to provide dynamic reminders of approval information, various risk prewarning, and management process automation through a mobile network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) has emerged as a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance associated with arterial stiffness. However, most studies were based on a cross-sectional design, and few studies have evaluated the longitudinal impact of the TyG index on arterial stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the associations of single time point measurement and the long-term trajectory of the TyG index with arterial stiffness in a Chinese cohort. Methods: Data are derived from the Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Cohort study. A total of 2480 individuals who participated in the 2017 survey was included in the cross-sectional analysis. A sample of 180 individuals from the sub-cohort with follow-up data in 2005, 2013, and 2017 was enrolled in the longitudinal analysis. The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2), and arterial stiffness was determined using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). The latent class growth mixture modeling method was used to identify the TyG index trajectories from 2005 to 2017. Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, the median age of the study population was 42.8 (39.8, 44.9) years, and 1351 (54.5%) were males. Each one-unit increment in TyG index was associated with a 37.1 cm/s increase (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.7–50.6 cm/s; P < 0.001) in baPWV, and similar results were observed when the TyG index was in the form of quartiles. In the longitudinal analysis, we identified three distinct TyG index trajectories and found that the highest TyG index trajectory carried the greatest odds of increased arterial stiffness, with a fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.76 (95% CI 1.40, 7.54). Conclusions: Elevated levels of baseline TyG index and higher long-term trajectory of TyG index were independently associated with increased arterial stiffness. Monitoring immediate levels and longitudinal trends of the TyG index may help with the prevention of arterial stiffness in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two boron‐, sulfur‐ and nitrogen‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with high photoluminescent quantum efficiency (88 %) and rapid reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC= 1.0×105 s−1) are designed and synthesized, enabling efficient narrow‐band blue electroluminescence at 473 nm with full width at half maximum of 29 nm and maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.0 %, which provides an avenue to expand the structure library for multiple resonance emitters and an approach to regulate their emission properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulsatile stress in the microcirculation may contribute to development or progression of chronic kidney disease. However, there is no prospective data confirming whether pulsatile stress in early life affect renal function in middle age. The authors performed a longitudinal analysis of 1738 participants aged 6–15 years at baseline, an ongoing Adolescent Prospective Cohort with a follow‐up of 30 years. The authors evaluated the association between pulsatile stress in childhood and adult subclinical renal damage (SRD), adjusting for related covariates. Pulsatile stress was calculated as resting heart rate × pulse pressure. Renal function was assessed with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (uACR). The results showed that pulsatile stress in childhood was associated with adult SRD (Relative Risk, 1.43; p =.032), and the predictive value of combined pulse pressure and heart rate for SRD was higher than either of them alone. The high pulsatile stress in childhood increased the risk of adult SRD in males (RR, 1.92; p =.003), but this association was not found in females (RR, 0.91; p =.729). Further, the participants were categorized into four groups on the basis of pulsatile stress status in childhood and adulthood. Male patients with high pulsatile stress during childhood but normal pulsatile stress as adults still had an increased risk of SRD (RR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.18–3.54), while female patients did not (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.46–1.99). The study demonstrated that high pulsatile stress in childhood significantly increased the risk of adult SRD, especially in males. Adequate control of pulse pressure and heart rate from childhood, in the long‐term, is very important for preventing kidney damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gradient descent is the core and foundation of neural networks, and gradient descent optimization heuristics have greatly accelerated progress in deep learning. Although these methods are simple and effective, how they work remains unknown. Gradient descent optimization in deep learning has become a hot research topic. Some research efforts have tried to combine multiple methods to assist network training, but these methods seem to be more empirical, without theoretical guides. In this paper, a framework is proposed to illustrate the principle of combining different gradient descent optimization methods by analyzing several adaptive methods and other learning rate methods. Furthermore, inspired by the principle of warmup, CLR, and SGDR, the concept of multistage is introduced into the field of gradient descent optimization, and a gradient descent optimization strategy in deep learning model training based on multistage and method combination strategy is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified on the massive deep learning network training experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to systematically understand the development of enterprise social media (ESM) research, quantitatively analyze the landscape and track the development of ESM literature and reveal new trends and challenges in ESM research. Design/methodology/approach: Based on 321 relevant literature studies (2005–2020) collected from the Web of Science core collection, the visualization tool CiteSpace is used to conduct bibliometric cocitation and cooccurrence analyses to quantify and visualize the landscape and evolution of ESM research. Findings: Through analyzing the author cocitation network, document cocitation network, journal cocitation network and keywords cooccurrence network, this review proposes an integrated research framework, which highlights major purposes, antecedents and consequences of ESM use in organizations and presents future research trends of ESM research. Originality/value: Different from the existing qualitative review of ESM, this review adopts bibliometric review to quantify and visualize the landscape of ESM research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical design plays an important role in improving the performance of opto-electronic devices. However, conventional design processes using finite difference time domain (FDTD) or finite element methods are usually time and computing resource consuming, and often result in sub-optimal solutions due to an incomplete search of the parameter state space. In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach to predict and optimize the cell performance of perovskite/crystalline-silicon (c-Si) tandem solar cells. In particular, a deep neural network is established to predict the achievable short-circuit current for tandem solar cells with a given cell structure. After training on a FDTD numerical simulation data set, the proposed deep neural network achieves an accuracy of 98.3% and micro-second grade simulation time, which is an ultra-fast, highly accurate and computing resource-saving solution to investigate the current properties of tandem solar cells. Heuristic algorithms are further adopted to inversely optimize the device structure, where the optimal set of layer thicknesses is obtained to maximize the achievable short-circuit current. According to the calculated projected efficiency, the expected experimental short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency of tandem solar cells with the optimal selection of layer thickness can reach 15.79 mA cm−2 and 23.24%, which is improved by 14.42% and 28.4%, respectively, compared to the benchmark cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous increase of the upper limit of coal mining, in mining areas near unconsolidated layers, water and sand inrush disasters occur from time to time, seriously threatening the safety of mine production. In this paper, the process of water and sand inrush accidents induced by mining near unconsolidated layers is analyzed using mechanical analysis and numerical simulation methods, based on the principle of silo unloading and arching and combined with actual water and sand inrush characteristics; the critical water and sand inrush arching mechanism is explained. The paper also proposed and established three critical arching mechanics models (interlocking arch, bonded arch, and transition arch), deduced the mathematical expression of interlocking arch and transition arch, and obtained the critical instability conditions of the arch and its influencing factors. The research results have guiding significance for the occurrence of water and sand inrush disasters and the judgment of the degree of damage in mining near unconsolidated layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous increase of the upper limit of coal mining, in mining areas near unconsolidated layers, water and sand inrush disasters occur from time to time, seriously threatening the safety of mine production. In this paper, the process of water and sand inrush accidents induced by mining near unconsolidated layers is analyzed using mechanical analysis and numerical simulation methods, based on the principle of silo unloading and arching and combined with actual water and sand inrush characteristics; the critical water and sand inrush arching mechanism is explained. The paper also proposed and established three critical arching mechanics models (interlocking arch, bonded arch, and transition arch), deduced the mathematical expression of interlocking arch and transition arch, and obtained the critical instability conditions of the arch and its influencing factors. The research results have guiding significance for the occurrence of water and sand inrush disasters and the judgment of the degree of damage in mining near unconsolidated layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) show promising applications in terrestrial power plant systems irrespective of curved surfaces, but still suffer from low efficiencies and poor stabilities. Here, we report a synergetic strategy of combining bromine (Br) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) additives to passivate both bulk and surface defects, leading to improved performance and stability of flexible PVSCs. Incorporation of Br suppresses the formation of halide vacancies in the perovskite bulk, while CTAC further modifies the film surface with reduced defects and enhanced hydrophobicity features. As a result, flexible PVSCs with efficiencies over 18% are achieved with high reproducibility, compared to the control devices with efficiencies about 17%. Our flexible PVSCs present excellent ambient stability against moisture, keeping over 90% of the initial efficiency after exposure to 90% humidity for about 170 hours. Our work offers a facile and universal strategy for the fabrication of high performance and stable flexible PVSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous studies suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the biological process of diverse malignancies, including glioma. Although many differentially expressed lncRNAs have been identified in glioma, to our best knowledge, the role of LINC00662 and its potential underlying mechanism in glioma progression remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the function and regulatory network of LINC00662 in glioma. Methods: Expressions of LINC00662, miR-34a-5p and lectin mannose-binding 2-like (LMAN2L) in glioma tissues were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. Colony formation, Celltiter-Glo and BrdU (5-bromo-2ʹ-deoxyuridine) incorporation assays were used to detect cell proliferation in vitro. Xenograft mouse models were established to determine cell proliferation in vivo. Transwell and wound healing assay was used to detect cell migration. In addition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were detected by Western blot. Annexin V and 7-AAD were used to stain apoptotic cells. Interactions between miR-34a-5p and LINC00662 or the 3′-UTR of LMAN2L were predicted and determined by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Results: High LINC00662 level predicted poor overall survival of glioma patients. Functional studies revealed that suppression of LINC00662 remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenicity and EMT pathway. Mechanistically, LINC00662 sponged miR-34a-5p to regulate LMAN2L expression. Furthermore, miR-34a-5p inhibitor reversed the anti-proliferation and anti-migration effect of LINC00662 knockdown, which could be rescued by downregulation of LMAN2L in glioma cells. Conclusion: Our study was the first to report that LINC00662 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate glioma progression by targeting miR-34a-5p/LMAN2L axis, providing a new therapeutic target for glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brainstem gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that encompass both benign tumors cured with surgical resection and highly lethal cancers with no efficacious therapies. We perform a comprehensive study incorporating epigenetic and genomic analyses on a large cohort of brainstem gliomas, including Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas. Here we report, from DNA methylation data, distinct clusters termed H3-Pons, H3-Medulla, IDH, and PA-like, each associated with unique genomic and clinical profiles. The majority of tumors within H3-Pons and-H3-Medulla harbors H3F3A mutations but shows distinct methylation patterns that correlate with anatomical localization within the pons or medulla, respectively. Clinical data show significantly different overall survival between these clusters, and pathway analysis demonstrates different oncogenic mechanisms in these samples. Our findings indicate that the integration of genetic and epigenetic data can facilitate better understanding of brainstem gliomagenesis and classification, and guide future studies for the development of novel treatments for this disease. Brainstem gliomas are heterogenous in terms of clinical outcome and disease etiology. Here, the authors present a genetic and epigenetic landscape of brainstem gliomas, finding distinct epigenetic clusters associated with unique genetic and clinical profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the main cause of brain tumor-related death among children. Until now, there is still a lack of effective therapy with prolonged overall survival for this disease. A typical strategy for preclinical cancer research is to find out the molecular differences between tumor tissue and para-tumor normal tissue, in order to identify potential therapeutic targets. Unfortunately, it is impossible to obtain normal tissue for DIPG because of the vital functions of the pons. Here we report the human fetal hindbrain-derived neural progenitor cells (pontine progenitor cells, PPCs) as normal control cells for DIPG. The PPCs not only harbored similar cell biological and molecular signatures as DIPG glioma stem cells, but also had the potential to be immortalized by the DIPG-specific mutation H3K27M in vitro. These findings provide researchers with a candidate normal control and a potential medicine carrier for preclinical research on DIPG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brainstem gliomas are molecularly heterogeneous diseases, many of which are difficult to safely surgically resect and have limited treatment options due to their eloquent location. These constraints pose challenges to biopsy, which limits the use of routine molecular profiling and identification of personalized therapies. Here, we explored the potential of sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of brainstem glioma patients as a less invasive approach for tumor molecular profiling. CSF was obtained from patients either intraoperatively (91.2%, 52/57), from ventricular-peritoneal shunt (3.5%, 2/57), or by lumbar puncture (5.3%, 3/57), all prior to surgical manipulation of the tumor. Deep sequencing of glioma-associated genes was performed on CSF-derived ctDNA and, where available, matched blood and tumor DNA from 57 patients, including nine medullary and 23 diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG). At least one tumor-specific mutation was detected in over 82.5% of CSF ctDNA samples (47/57). In cases with primary tumors harboring at least one mutation, alterations were identified in the CSF ctDNA of 97.3% of cases (36/37). In over 83% (31/37) of cases, all primary tumor alterations were detected in the CSF, and in 91.9% (34/37) of cases, at least half of the alterations were identified. Among ten patients found to have primary tumors negative for mutations, 30% (3/10) had detectable somatic alterations in the CSF. Finally, mutation detection using plasma ctDNA was less sensitive than sequencing the CSF ctDNA (38% vs. 100%, respectively). Our study indicates that deep sequencing of CSF ctDNA is a reliable technique for detecting tumor-specific alterations in brainstem tumors. This approach may offer an alternative approach to stereotactic biopsy for molecular profiling of brainstem tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advantages of PBM (physically based model) over DDM (data-driven model) were presented, and physically based modeling of comprehensive thermal errors of servo axis and spindle was proposed. Based on the theory of frictional heat, heat convection, and heat conduction, the model for thermal error of servo axis was established, and the screw temperature field at any time can be obtained to predict screw thermal error. The thermal bending deformations of spindles were analyzed for a C-type vertical machining center. The models for spindle radial thermal drift error under different deformations were established, and the criterion for determining the deformations was presented. Tests for identifying parameters of the suggested models were carried out on a TC500R vertical machining center. The compensation effects were verified using both experiment and machining. The results indicated that the suggested PBM results in high accuracy and strong robustness, even if the moving state of servo axis and the rotating speed of spindle randomly changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies indicate that thermal errors induced by spindle account for about 50-80 % of the total thermal errors of a machine tool due to the continuous rotation of the spindle during machining. The drawbacks of the commonly used axial thermal growth compensation methods for spindles were studied. In the present work, a robust axial thermal growth model for the spindle, based on the temperature variation, is proposed. Considering the exponential trend of the axial thermal growth of the spindle, the suggested model is based on an exponential formula. The results show that the steady value of axial thermal growth is changing with the spindle rotating speed. Therefore, the real-time steady value of axial thermal growth was predicted using the velocity and acceleration of temperature variation in the key point of the spindle. Additionally, the identification method for the parameters in the suggested model was also presented. The environmental temperature variation error (ETVE) and error induced by spindle rotation (EIBSR) were investigated using a CNC turning machine. The results recorded on the two turning machines indicated that high accuracy and strong robustness can be achieved with the suggested model, even when the rotating speed of the spindle changes randomly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of high sulfur coal mining, with coal gas outburst, a large amount of highly toxic flammable hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas is produced which threats miner's health and pollutes the environment seriously. It is shown that adding an oxidizing agent in alkaline absorption liquid can obviously increase the removal rate of H2S in mine air in the experiment results, and there's no the hydrogen sulfide gas evolution after oscillation of the absorbing tail liquid, the removal efficiency is very remarkable. It is also shown that surfactant can reduce the surface tension of the absorption liquid in the research, accelerate the process of mass transfer between gas-liquid two phases, and improve the absorption efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disadvantages of the common thermal error compensation methods were analyzed. Based on the analysis, we report the concept of the comprehensive thermal error (CTE) of the servo axes of CNC machine tool. The total CTE was divided into the thermal expansion error (TEE) in the stroke range and the thermal drift error (TDE) of origin, and their sources and effects on workpieces were analyzed. Furthermore, models for TEE and TDE were established. The model for TEE derived from the heat production, conduction, and convection theory predicted the thermal field of a screw and the thermal errors of servo axes in real time. The model for TDE was established by the multiple linear regression method. The experiments were carried out on a vertical machining center. The simulation and experimental results indicate that a high accuracy stability can be achieved with error compensation, even when the moving state is changed. To visualize the effect of error compensation with naked eyes, a special machining process was designed for a rectangular workpiece. The machining results confirm that the proposed models provide a high accuracy stability and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]