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The purpose of this study is to predict two-electrolyte solutions containing Rb+, explore its characteristics to better solve the problems existing in the natural environment, and promote the development of high technology. We fit and predict the activity and osmotic coefficients of nineteen single-electrolyte solutions and seven two-electrolyte solutions containing Rb+ using the electrolytr Molecular Interaction Volume Model and the electrolyte Molecular Interaction Volume Model-Energy Termmodels. The average relative errors of the activity coefficient and osmotic coefficient calculated by eMIVM in aqueous monoelectrolyte solution were 0.59% and 0.38%, respectively, and for eMIVM-ET they were 1.06% and 0.38%, respectively. The average relative errors of activity coefficient and osmotic coefficient calculated by eMIVM-ET in organic single-electrolyte solution were 1.33% and 0.48%, respectively, while for eMIVM they were 1.49% and 0.48%, respectively. When predicting the activity coefficient and osmotic coefficient of two-electrolyte solutions containing Rb+, the average relative errors calculated by the eMIVM-ET model were 23% and 13%, respectively, while the values calculated by the eMIVM model were 34% and 17%, respectively. The results show that eMIVM-ET has a good fitting effect in organic monoelectrolyte solutions, and eMIVM has a good fitting effect in aqueous monoelectrolyte solutions. In the prediction of two-electrolyte solutions, the eMIVM-ET model performs better than the eMIVM model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) play an important role in regulating gene expression in plant development and response to stresses. In peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.), which produce flowers aerially and pods underground, only a few ERF genes have been identified so far. This study identifies 63 ERF unigenes from 247,313 peanut EST sequences available in the NCBI database. The phylogeny, gene structures, and putative conserved motifs in the peanut ERF proteins were analysed. Comparative analysis revealed the absence of two subgroups (A1 and A3) of the ERF family in peanuts; only 10 subgroups were identified in peanuts compared to 12 subgroups in Arabidopsis and soybeans. AP2/ERF domains were found to be conserved among peanuts, Arabidopsis, and soybeans. Outside the AP2/ERF domain, many soybean-specific conserved motifs were also detected in peanuts. The expression analysis of ERF family genes representing each clade revealed differential expression patterns in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Overexpression of AhERF008 influenced the root gravity of Arabidopsis, whereas overexpression of AhERF019 enhanced tolerance to drought, heat, and salt stresses in Arabidopsis. The information generated in this study will be helpful to further investigate the function of ERFs in plant development and stress response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]