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We applied reaction microscopy to elucidate fast non-adiabatic dissociation dynamics of deuterated water molecules after direct photo-double ionization at 61 eV with synchrotron radiation. For the very rare D+ + O+ + D breakup channel, the particle momenta, angular, and energy distributions of electrons and ions, measured in coincidence, reveal distinct electronic dication states and their dissociation pathways via spin–orbit coupling and charge transfer at crossings and seams on the potential energy surfaces. Notably, we could distinguish between direct and fast sequential dissociation scenarios. For the latter case, our measurements reveal the geometry and orientation of the deuterated water molecule with respect to the polarization vector that leads to this rare 3-body molecular breakup channel. Aided by multi-reference configuration-interaction calculations, the dissociation dynamics could be traced on the relevant potential energy surfaces and particularly their crossings and seams. This approach also unraveled the ultrafast time scales governing these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an investigation of the relaxation dynamics of deuterated water molecules after direct photo-double ionization at 61 eV. We focus on the very rare D+ + O+ + D reaction channel in which the sequential fragmentation mechanisms were found to dominate the dynamics. Aided by theory, the state-selective formation and breakup of the transient OD+(a1Δ, b1Σ+) is traced, and the most likely dissociation path—OD+: a1Δ or b1Σ+ → A 3Π → X 3Σ− → B 3Σ−—involving a combination of spin–orbit and non-adiabatic charge transfer transitions is determined. The multi-step transition probability of this complex transition sequence in the intermediate fragment ion is directly evaluated as a function of the energy of the transient OD+ above its lowest dissociation limit from the measured ratio of the D+ + O+ + D and competing D+ + D+ + O sequential fragmentation channels, which are measured simultaneously. Our coupled-channel time-dependent dynamics calculations reproduce the general trends of these multi-state relative transition rates toward the three-body fragmentation channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advance Care Planning via Group Visits (ACP-GV) is a patient-centered intervention facilitated by a clinician using a group modality to promote healthcare decision-making among veterans. Participants in the group document a "Next Step" to use in planning for their future care needs. The next step may include documentation of preferences in an advance directive, discussing plans with family, or anything else to fulfill their ACP needs. This evaluation seeks to determine whether there are identifiable subgroups of group participants with differing needs prior to delivery of the ACP-GV program and, if so, to use information about the subgroups to enhance the program offered to veterans in United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare settings. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of national data from a quality improvement evaluation. Patient- and provider-level data from administrative healthcare records for VA users in all 50 states, territories, and the District of Columbia provides data on veterans attending ACP-GV during federal fiscal years 2018–2022 (N = 26,857). Latent class analysis seeks to identify the various subgroups of veterans based on their level of ACP self-efficacy before attending ACP-GV and any demographic differences across the resulting subgroups of veterans attending ACP-GV. ACP self-efficacy is derived from seven items obtained from a participant worksheet used during the group. Results: Analysis revealed two distinct groups of veterans, distinguishable by their pre-ACP-GV levels of one aspect of ACP self-efficacy: prior knowledge of ACP. Veterans with higher prior knowledge of ACP are associated with an identified next step focused on checking their current AD status and updating it, and veterans with lower ACP prior knowledge are associated with identifying a next step to discuss ACP more fully with family. Differences in age, sex, race, ethnicity, and marital status exist across subgroups of veterans. Conclusion: Greater attention must be paid to ACP and veterans' prior knowledge of ACP to consistently encourage annual review and status updates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses a significant global health challenge, with symptom presentation potentially varying between adolescents and adults. Adolescence is a critical period marked by heightened vulnerability to interpersonal stresses, yet the impact of these stresses on the structure of depressive symptoms is not well understood. Recognizing the cultural nuances in how depression manifests among adolescents is crucial. To this end, this paper employs a network analysis approach, utilizing a comprehensive symptom checklist from the Multidimensional Depression Assessment Scale (MDAS). Our study investigates the role of interpersonal symptoms within the broader cluster of emotional, cognitive, and somatic symptoms and explores variations in adolescent groups in four Asian and European regions. Methods: We recruited a diverse sample of 6,348 adolescents aged 12 to 18 from Hong Kong, Taiwan, the UK, China, and the Netherlands using the Qualtrics platform. Employing the Gaussian Graphical Model, we established a network model of depressive symptoms as measured by the MDAS, segregating the sample into Asian and European regions to examine the interconnections between them. The study focused on identifying central symptom nodes and comparing the network structures between the two groups. Results: The analysis identified feeling worthless, low energy, being a burden to others, and low mood as central symptoms of depression. Notably, there were significant differences in the connections between depressive symptoms among Asian (Hong Kong, China and Taiwan) and European (UK and the Netherlands) adolescents, highlighting cultural variations in how interpersonal symptoms interact with emotional, cognitive, and somatic symptoms. Conclusion: This study is pioneering in applying network analysis to include interpersonal symptoms in examining depression among a diverse adolescent population. It demonstrates that interpersonal symptoms are integral to the central features of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, our findings suggest that, compared to their UK and Dutch peers, interpersonal symptoms in Asian adolescents are uniquely connected to other symptom clusters, reflecting distinct cultural patterns. Limitations: The study engaged a broad community sample; however, future research could benefit from including a larger sample size to allow for a more detailed analysis of a greater number of symptom nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accurately assess the current atmospheric methane budget and its future trends, it is essential to apportion and quantify the anthropogenic methane emissions to specific sources. This poses a significant challenge in the under‐sampled Middle East, where estimates predominantly depend on remote sensing observations and bottom‐up reporting of national emissions. Here, we present in situ shipborne observations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) collected along a >10,000‐km route from Vigo, Spain, to Abu Dhabi, UAE. By comparing our observations with Lagrangian dispersion model simulations, coupled with two methane emission inventories, we identify periods of considerable mismatch and apportion the responsible sources. Employing interspecies relationships with NMHCs has enabled the characterization of methane emissions from oil and gas (O&G) operations, urban centers, Red Sea deep water, enteric fermentation, and agriculture across diverse atmospheric environments. Our analysis reveals that the Suez area is a regional emission hotspot, where simulations consistently underestimate the methane emission sources. Importantly, the Middle Eastern O&G sector has been identified as an additional source of considerable uncertainty. Here, methane emissions were alternately underestimated and overestimated by the two inventories, exposing significant gaps in our understanding of fuel exploitation‐related emissions in the Middle East. This underscores the need for further targeted field campaigns and long‐term observations to improve the accuracy of emission data in the inventories. Plain Language Summary: For the mitigation of human‐induced methane emissions, a detailed characterization of its numerous sources is vital. This is particularly challenging in understudied regions where the source attribution and emission strength thus far relies on satellite observations and country reports. Although such data, representing the entire atmospheric column, are invaluable, source specific emission estimates remain highly uncertain. In this study, we used shipborne measurements of methane to evaluate the performance of two emission inventories commonly used in computer‐based models to simulate methane atmospheric concentrations. The relationships between methane and various co‐emitted reactive trace gases revealed the causes of discrepancies between observations and model simulations. Our results show that, while models are generally reliable at capturing high methane concentrations, they are deficient in the Suez and Middle East areas due to inadequate characterization of emissions from Oil and Gas operations. The research outcomes of this study underscore the crucial role of ground‐based observations in improving the accuracy of methane emission inventories and their reporting, and in supporting evidence‐based policies to mitigate climate change and improve air quality. Key Points: The Suez Canal and the Gulf of Suez are regional pollution hotspots with underestimated methane emission sourcesDiscrepancies between observed and modeled methane mixing ratios were resolved using non‐methane hydrocarbon observationsMethane sources from the oil and gas exploitation sector in the Middle East are particularly uncertain in emission inventories [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normal fault systems may grow by the lateral propagation of segments, yet little is known about the timescales over which this may occur and the implications for rift propagation. Footwall bedrock river networks provide a means to delineate the recent fault displacement patterns since erosional landscapes are sensitive recorders of rock uplift histories. Here, we analyze river profiles and map knickpoints in the Ruo River network and several adjacent rivers draining the footwalls of the en‐echelon Thyolo‐Muona‐Camacho border fault system of the Lower Shire Graben, southern East African Rift System. Using parameters calibrated in previous studies, we estimate the knickpoint initiation times and use linear river profile inversions to understand footwall uplift histories. Abrupt increases in bedrock river channel steepness indices approaching the faults suggest a recent acceleration in fault slip rates. Linear inversion of the bedrock river profiles reveals that footwall uplift rates accelerated from ∼0.1 to 0.3 mm/yr at ∼2–3 Ma in the Thyolo‐Muona footwalls. Later, at ∼0.75–1.0 Myr, farther southeast, the Camacho footwall river profiles show an increase in rock uplift rate from ∼0.05 to 0.2 mm/yr, but this signal decays moving southeast. Modern uplift rates along the Thyolo‐Muona section attain 0.33–0.56 mm/yr, and Camacho 0.19–0.29 mm/yr. We propose that within <2 Myr timescale, the border fault grew by an initial (Early Pleistocene) accelerated slip and hard linkage of the already‐nucleated segments, later followed by the southeastward lateral propagation of the system toward the adjacent rift, the Nsanje Graben. Key Points: Footwall rock uplift rates accelerated from ∼0.1 to 0.3 mm/yr at ∼2–3 Ma in the footwalls of the Thyolo‐Muona sections of the border faultLater, at ∼0.75–1.0 Myr, the Camacho section nucleated further southeast, with footwall uplift rates increasing from ∼0.05 to 0.2 mm/yrThe growth of Lower Shire Graben's border fault system demonstrates a laterally propagating fault system, establishing itself within <2 Myrs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germanium–tin (GeSn) alloys at sufficiently high Sn concentration, above several atomic percent, are the only group IV semiconductor exhibiting a direct bandgap and have generated much recent interest for optoelectronic applications into the mid-infrared region. Because the large lattice mismatch between GeSn and Si results in considerable strain for thin layers and a high defect density for thicker strain-relaxed layers, most reported GeSn growths incorporate a Ge buffer layer rather than depositing directly on Si substrates. Published reports of GeSn growth directly on Si utilize specialized precursors such as higher order germanes (Ge2H6, Ge3H8, or Ge4H10) or SnD4. In this paper, we report GeSn films with up to 10.6% Sn grown directly on Si substrates by remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using GeH4 and SnCl4 precursors. These alloys have been characterized in detail using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry with channeling (RBS-C), as well as Raman spectroscopy (RS) and optical microscopy. The films studied are almost fully relaxed, with small residual strain observed, particularly in thinner films, and contain a high interface density of misfit dislocations that increases with Sn concentration. The defect density decreases toward the surface. Good agreement is found between the various characterization methods for the Sn content (XRD and RBS-C), lattice parameter measurement (XRD and TEM), and defect characterization (RBS-C, TEM, and RS). Such characterization of GeSn grown directly on Si substrates is essential to allow growth parameters to be optimized for the realization of the attractive optoelectronic properties of these alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Effective transitional care for patients with heart failure is essential to ensure optimal utilization of guideline‐directed medical therapy. Clinical pharmacists and specially trained pharmacy technicians have unique skillsets that enable them to improve care transitions. Objectives: To evaluate the implementation of a comprehensive pharmacy transitions of care program in an acute heart failure population. Methods: A retrospective, single center, single‐arm study evaluating pharmacy‐delivered transitions of care services (admission and discharge medication reconciliation, medication cost assessment, medication counseling, bedside delivery of discharge medications, and post‐discharge phone calls) for patients discharged from the heart failure service. The primary outcome was the completion rate of transitions of care services. Secondary outcomes included the medication intervention rate and types of interventions made, medication classes assessed for cost, discharge medication prescription captured, and 30‐day all‐cause readmissions. Results: Five hundred and ninety‐five patients were eligible for the transitions of care program. Admission and discharge medication reconciliations were completed in 68.1% and 92.1% of patients, respectively. Medication cost assessments were completed for 39.8% of patients. Heart failure medication counseling prior to discharge was completed for 83.9% of patients. Discharge prescription capture rate was 56.5% and bedside prescription delivery was provided for 27.8% of patients. The discharge medication reconciliation intervention rate was 37.4%, with the most common intervention being dose adjustment. Post‐discharge outreach was conducted for 229 patients, with education provided for 69.4% and an intervention rate of 43.7%. The 30‐day all‐cause readmission rate was lower for patients on the heart failure service compared with the institution (10.1% vs 16.5%). Conclusion: High rates of completion and utilization were identified after the implementation of a comprehensive pharmacy transitions of care program. Utilization of clinical pharmacists and pharmacy technicians during transitions of care improved medication access, patient education, and reduced medication‐related problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The null-surface formulation (NSF) of general relativity differs markedly from the conventional approach. The conventional approach to general relativity is concerned with local fields such as the metric, whereas the NSF focuses on surfaces. The NSF has two distinct but mathematically equivalent interpretations: (a) Future-directed light rays leave a spacetime point and intersect future null-infinity. The resulting surface, known as a light-cone cut, encodes the properties of the spacetime; (b) The angular coordinates (Bondi coordinates) of null-infinity are used to label past light cones, thereby producing a family of null surfaces. These will satisfy the NSF field equations and a solution of these equations provides a description of spacetime. This paper features a new exact solution that, for the first time, directly links the two interpretations, thereby illustrating both approaches and demonstrating their equivalence. The solution and its properties are first explored in 2+1 dimensions, after which, the generalization to 3+1 is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Prospectively collected data were used to estimate the prevalence of gingivitis in a cohort of companion cats aged up to 6 years and to investigate factors associated with the risk of gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of domestic cats (the Bristol Cats Study), using owner‐completed questionnaires and veterinary surgeon‐completed oral health scores. Prevalence estimates of veterinary‐reported gingivitis for cats aged up to 6 years old (n = 1534) were calculated for different age groups. Cat signalment, diet and dental care were assessed for association with gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years (n = 317) using univariable and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of gingivitis increased with age and ranged from 24.5% (<12 months old) to 56.3% (5 to 6 years old). Odds of gingivitis in cats aged 3 to 4 years were higher in cats fed a wet only or mixed wet/dry diet compared to dry only (odds ratio: 2.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 5.1), cats not reported to hunt compared to reported hunters (odds ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 4.2), cats reported to dribble whilst being stroked at age 6 months compared to reported non‐dribblers (odds ratio: 3.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 8.4) and cats with orange variants in their coat colour compared to non‐orange cats (odds ratio: 2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 5.3). Clinical Significance: These results will help veterinary surgeons identify cats that may be at a greater risk of gingivitis and provide an evidence base to inform dietary and oral healthcare recommendations aimed at promoting gingival health in cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strongly coupled quasi-two-dimensional dusty plasma confined electrostatically in the plasma sheath of a radio frequency (RF) plasma is irradiated by a collimated and mono-energetic pulsed electron beam (e-beam) with an energy of 13 keV and a high peak current per pulse of 30 mA. A stream of rapidly moving charged dust particles is created inside the dust crystal due to the drag force of the electrons in the e-beam. The dust flow is split into two symmetrical branches when it reaches the boundary of the round dust crystal, each following the limit of the circular confining region. This results in the formation of a double vortex flow pattern with the dust particles being transported along the irradiation direction and then aside, eventually back to the entrance position of the e-beam. The observed flow regime is laminar at all times, with the speed in the central region increasing up to 12 mm s−1 in the first 200 ms and then diminishing gradually to a steady value of about 5–6 mm s−1 during a stress relaxation time period of 360 ms. The vorticity follows a similar trend with peak values −3.8 and 3.8 s−1 and steady state values between −2.5 and 2.5 s−1 in the two symmetrical vortices. Time-resolved particle-image-velocimetry and particle-tracking-velocimetry are used to characterize the flow. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm qualitatively the experimental observations showing dust stream and double vortex formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Over the past few years, chemical studies have revealed multiple structures in the vicinity of young stellar objects (YSOs). It has become evident that specific physical conditions are associated with the emission of particular molecular lines, allowing us to use molecular probes of the YSO physics. Consequently, chemical surveys are now necessary to fully constrain the origin of the observed structures. Several surveys have been conducted to explore the chemistry of YSOs, focusing on Class 0 and Class II objects. However, our knowledge of intermediate objects, that are Class I objects, remains limited. Aims. To bridge the gap and establish the relationship between observed structures and molecular line emission at the Class I evolutionary stage, we investigate the spatial distribution of key molecular gas species in the low-mass Class I protostar L1489 IRS (IRAS 04016+2610), a source part of the ChemYSO survey. Methods. We performed a 3 mm line survey at high spatial and high spectral resolution using the NOEMA interferometer and the IRAM-30 m telescope. For the data analysis, we applied and compared two methods: a streamline model and the new python package TIPSY. Results. We present here the ten brightest lines of our survey, in which we identified a new ~3000 au long streamer in HC3N, C2H, and c–C3H2 emission, likely associated with more localized accretion shocks probed in SO. In addition, two ~10 000 au bubbles are seen with the dense molecular tracers HCO+, CS, and HCN around the YSO. We retrieve previously identified structures, like an outflow in HCO+ and another streamer in C2H. Additionally, potential indicators of a second outflow appear in CS and HCN emission, but its nature remains to be confirmed. Conclusions. The late infall identified at large scales may originate from the nearby prestellar core L1489 and is likely responsible for the formation of an external warped disk in this system. The detection of a potential second outflow could be the direct evidence of a binary system. Finally, we hypothesize that the bubbles may result from the magnetic pressure as observed in numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the bacteria associated with two species of gobies (Periophthalmus papilio and Bostrychus africanus) from two Creeklets; Iwofe and Bakana of the New Calabar River. Determination of bacterial loads, species characterization and composition in fish parts (skin, intestine and gills) were done using standard microbiological procedures. Results revealed a total of eight bacterial species: Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp, Pseudomonas sp and Proteus sp. The total viable counts of bacterial isolated from Periophthalmus papilio revealed 6.4 × 107 and 9.2 × 107 cfu/g from the skin, 4.8 × 108 and 2.2 × 108 cfu/g from the intestine and 5.2 × 107 and 7.1 × 107 cfu/g from the gills in Bakana and Iwofe Creeklets respectively. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts of Bostrychus africanus showed 2.5 × 107 and 8.5 × 107 cfu/g from the skin, 2.8 × 108and 1.5 × 108 cfu/g from the intestine and 1.5 × 107 and 6.0 × 107cfu/g from the gills from Bakana and Iwofe Creeklets respectively. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli had the highest frequency of occurrence (20%) while Pseudomonas and Proteus sp. occurred twice (5%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the data showed that there was no significant difference at p =0.05 between the bacteria isolated from the two fish species collected from Iwofe and Bakana Creeklets. Some bacterial flora (Bacillus sp) isolated in the present study composed of potential pathogenic organisms of public health interest. Thus, the cooking process applied to fishes before consumption should employ temperatures that can eliminate these pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telomere Length (TL) and integrity is significantly associated with age-related disease, multiple genetic and environmental factors. We observe mouse genomic DNA (gDNA) isolation methods to have a significant impact on average TL estimates. The canonical qPCR method does not measure TL directly but via the ratio of telomere repeats to a single copy gene (SCG) generating a T/S ratio. We use a monochromatic-multiplex-qPCR (mmqPCR) method which multiplexes the PCR and enables quantification of the target and the single copy gene within the same qPCR reaction. We demonstrate that TL measurements, from murine gDNA, isolated via Spin Columns (SC) and Magnetic Beads (MB), generate significantly smaller T/S ratios compared to gDNA isolated via traditional phenol/chloroform methods. The former methods may impede correct TL estimation by producing non representative fragment sets and reducing qPCR efficacy. This work highlights discrepancies in TL measurements due to different extraction techniques. We recommend the use of gDNA isolation methods that are shown to preserve DNA length and integrity, such as phenol/chloroform isolation. We propose that widely used high throughput DNA isolation methodologies can create spurious associations within a sample set, thus creating misleading data. We suggest that published TL associations should be revisited in the light of these data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin films of germanium-tin (GeSn) alloy with Sn content well above its equilibrium solubility limit in Ge are produced using both remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RPECVD) directly on silicon substrates and ion implantation of Sn into Ge. For RPECVD, the growth temperature of 302 °C resulted in fully relaxed GeSn alloys with high defect density, principally threading dislocations related to the large lattice mismatch between Si and GeSn. For the implantation case, pulsed laser melting was used to melt and crystallize the GeSn layer on a time scale of a few tens of nanoseconds. The resulting GeSn layers were also relaxed and defective, presumably again as a result of lattice mismatch with the underlying Ge lattice. However, the nature of the defects was quite different to the RPECVD method, whereby the line defects were not threading dislocations but stackinglike defects, which developed into arrays of these defects in the high Sn content region close to the surface. For the purpose of comparing RPECVD and ion-implantation methods, alloy films of similar thickness (400–450 nm) and Sn content (4.5–6.5 at. %) were examined. Film parameters (thickness, Sn content, Sn solubility, and segregation), as well as film quality and defect structures, were examined for both fabrication methods using several analytical techniques. This comparison provided us with a better physical understanding of our GeSn films and will help inform future growth/fabrication strategies targeted at minimizing defects formed in the GeSn films for the realization of optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foam targets have gained considerable importance over the last decade in laser–matter interaction. They find widespread applications such as in inertial confinement fusion and secondary sources for particles and radiation. At the same time, the advent of high repetition-rate laser systems, be they short-pulse in the tens of femtosecond regime or in the kilo-Joule nanosecond regime, calls for equally high repetition rate targetry systems. A well-established repetition-rate targetry system is the tape target. In this article, we present the successful marriage of a tape target delivery system with 3D-printed foam targets produced by two photon polymerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sample of planet-forming disks observed by high-contrast imaging campaigns over the last decade is mature enough to enable the demographical analysis of individual star-forming regions. We present the full census of Taurus sources with VLT/SPHERE polarimetric images available. The whole sample sums up to 43 targets (of which 31 have not been previously published) corresponding to one-fifth of the Class II population in Taurus and about half of such objects that are observable. A large fraction of the sample is apparently made up of isolated faint disks (equally divided between small and large self-shadowed disks). Ambient signal is visible in about one-third of the sample. This probes the interaction with the environment and with companions or the outflow activity of the system. The central portion of the Taurus region almost exclusively hosts faint disks, while the periphery also hosts bright disks interacting with their surroundings. The few bright disks are found around apparently older stars. The overall picture is that the Taurus region is in an early evolutionary stage of planet formation. Yet, some objects are discussed individually, as in an intermediate or exceptional stage of the disk evolution. This census provides a first benchmark for the comparison of the disk populations in different star forming regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Resolved observations at near-infrared (near-IR) and millimeter wavelengths have revealed a diverse population of planet-forming disks. In particular, near-IR scattered light observations usually target close-by, low-mass star-forming regions. However, disk evolution in high-mass star-forming regions is likely affected by the different environment. Orion is the closest high-mass star-forming region, enabling resolved observations to be undertaken in the near-IR. Aims. We seek to examine planet-forming disks, in scattered light, within the high-mass star-forming region of Orion in order to study the impact of the environment in a higher-mass star-forming region on disk evolution. Methods. We present SPHERE/IRDIS H-band data for a sample of 23 stars in the Orion star-forming region observed within the DESTINYS (Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars) program. We used polarization differential imaging in order to detect scattered light from circumstellar dust. From the scattered light observations we characterized the disk orientation, radius, and contrast. We analysed the disks in the context of the stellar parameters and the environment of the Orion star-forming region. We used ancillary X-shooter spectroscopic observations to characterize the central stars in the systems. We furthermore used a combination of new and archival ALMA mm-continuum photometry to characterize the dust masses present in the circumstellar disks. Results. Within our sample, we detect extended circumstellar disks in ten of 23 systems. Of these, three are exceptionally extended (V351 Ori, V599 Ori, and V1012 Ori) and show scattered light asymmetries that may indicate perturbations by embedded planets or (in the case of V599 Ori) by an outer stellar companion. Our high-resolution imaging observations are also sensitive to close (sub)stellar companions and we detect nine such objects in our sample, of which six were previously unknown. We find in particular a possible substellar companion (either a very low-mass star or a high-mass brown dwarf) 137 au from the star RY Ori. We find a strong anticorrelation between disk detection and multiplicity, with only two of our ten disk detections located in stellar multiple systems. We also find a correlation between scattered light contrast and the millimeter flux. This trend is not captured by previous studies of a more diversified sample and is due to the absence of extended, self-shadowed disks in our Orion sample. Conversely, we do not find significant correlations between the scattered light contrast of the disks and the stellar mass or age. We investigate the radial extent of the disks and compare this to the estimated far-ultraviolet (FUV) field strength at the system location. While we do not find a direct correlation, we notice that no extended disks are detected above an FUV field strength of ~300 G0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To support rigorous evaluation across a national portfolio of grants, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Office of Rural Health (ORH) adopted an analytic framework to guide their grantees' evaluation of initiatives that reach rural veterans and to standardize the reporting of outcomes and impacts. Advance Care Planning via Group Visits (ACP-GV), one of ORH's Enterprise-Wide Initiatives, also followed the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. ACP-GV is a national patient-centered intervention delivered in a large, veterans integrated healthcare system. This manuscript describes how RE-AIM was used to evaluate this national program and lessons learned from ORH's annual reporting feedback to ACP-GV on their use of the framework to describe evaluation impacts. Methods: We used patient, provider, and site-level administrative health care data from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse and national program management databases for federal fiscal years (FY) spanning October 1, 2018-September 30, 2023. Measures included cumulative and past FY metrics developed to assess program impacts. Results: RE-AIM constructs included the following cumulative and annual program evaluation results. ACP-GV reached 54,167 unique veterans, including 19,032 unique rural veterans between FY 2018 to FY 2023. During FY 2023, implementation adherence to the ACP-GV model was noted in 91.7% of program completers, with 55% of these completers reporting a knowledge increase and 14% reporting a substantial knowledge increase (effectiveness). As of FY 2023, 66 ACP-GV sites were active, and 1,556 VA staff were trained in the intervention (adoption). Of the 66 active sites in FY 2023, 27 were sites previously funded by ORH and continued to offer ACP-GV after the conclusion of three years of seed funding (maintenance). Discussion: Lessons learned developing RE-AIM metrics collaboratively with program developers, implementers, and evaluators allowed for a balance of clinical and scientific input in decision-making, while the ORH annual reporting feedback provided specificity and emphasis for including both cumulative, annual, and rural specific metrics. ACP-GV's use of RE-AIM metrics is a key step towards improving rural veteran health outcomes and describing real world program impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of four-coordinate zinc(II) complexes is presented in which the amido vs. imino character of a ligated nitrogen donor correlates to the luminescence intensity. DFT analysis points to a distinct mechanism for this trend wherein emission can be switched on by restricting non-radiative decay pathways through the resonance-induced delocalization of amido ligand lone-pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the use of StyleGAN, a face-synthesis generative adversarial network (GAN) developed by NVidia, as a deconvolution operator for large eddy simulation (LES) of plasma turbulence. The overall methodology, named style eddy simulation, has been integrated into the BOUT++ solver and tested on the original and modified Hasegawa–Wakatani models using different mesh sizes, 2562 and 5122, and different values of the adiabaticity parameter α and background density gradient κ. Using a LES resolution of 32 × 32 and 64 × 64, i.e., 64 × smaller resolution than the corresponding direct numerical simulation (DNS), results show convergence toward the ground truth as we tighten the reconstruction tolerance, and an algorithm complexity O (N log N) is compared to the O (N 2) of BOUT++. Finally, the trained GAN can be used to create valid initial conditions for a faster DNS by avoiding to start from nonphysical initial perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The black hole mass M BH is crucial in constraining the growth of supermassive black holes within their host galaxies. Since direct measurements of M BH with dynamical methods are restricted to a limited number of nearly quiescent nearby galaxies and a small minority of active galactic nuclei (AGN), we must rely on indirect methods. In this work, we utilize an unbiased, volume-limited, hard X-ray selected sample of AGN to compare the reliability of some commonly used indirect methods, emphasizing those that can be applied to obscured AGN. Based on a subsample of AGN with M BH determined via dynamical methods, our study suggests that X-ray-based techniques, such as the scaling method and the one based on the variability measured through the excess variance, are in good agreement with the dynamical methods. On the other hand, the M –σ⋆ correlation based on inactive galaxies tends to systematically overestimate M BH, regardless of the level of obscuration. We provide a correcting factor that produces an acceptable agreement with dynamical values and can be used to quickly correct the M BH computed with this method. We also derive an alternative M –σ⋆ correlation based on this unbiased sample of AGN with a slope considerably shallower than the ones obtained using inactive galaxies, suggesting that the latter may not be appropriate to compute the M BH in AGN. Finally, we find that no quick fix can be applied to correct the M BH obtained from the fundamental plane of black hole activity, casting doubts on the reliability of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faculty members who demonstrate resistance to or lack of skill in addressing negative bias in practice and learning environments can erode safety, especially among underrepresented students. This commentary on a case suggests how educators and leaders should respond to problematic behaviors of unwilling or unskilled faculty, prevent mistreatment of students and colleagues, and facilitate continuous faculty development. This commentary also considers strategies for motivating equity and building health care cultures of accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, aromantic, and other sexual and/or gender minority (LGBTQIA+) communities are underrepresented in health research and subject to documented health disparities. In addition, LGBTQIA+ communities have experienced mistreatment, discrimination, and stigma in health care and health research settings. Effectively engaging LGBTQIA+ communities and individuals in health research is critical to developing representative data sets, improving health care provision and policy, and reducing disparities. However, little is known about what engagement approaches work well with LGBTQIA+ people. This paper describes the development of PRIDEnet (pridenet.org), a national network dedicated to catalyzing LGBTQIA+ community involvement in health research and built upon well-established community-engaged research (CEnR) principles. PRIDEnet's relationship building and digital communications activities engage thousands of LGBTQIA+-identified people across the country and offer multiple lowthreshold ways to participate in specific studies and shape research. These activities comprise a CEnR infrastructure that engages LGBTQIA+ people on behalf of other projects, primarily The PRIDE Study (pridestudy.org) and the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program (joinallofus.org/lgbtqia). Our impact, results, and lessons learned apply to those engaging communities underserved in biomedical research and include: the importance of building adaptable infrastructure that sustains transformational relationships long-term; implementing high-touch activities to establish trust and broad-reach activities to build large data sets; nurturing a team of diverse professionals with lived experiences that reflect those of the communities to be engaged; and maintaining CEnR mechanisms that exceed advice-giving and result in substantive research contributions from beginning to end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Nigeria, 151,700 children die every year from diarrhoea disease. The use of a valid and reliable tool for eliciting information on what mothers do at home to manage diarrhoea is critical for healthcare providers and researchers. The study aimed to develop and validate the Home Management of Diarrhoea Assessment Scale (HMDAS) using Rasch Analysis among mothers of underfives in Nigeria. The cross-sectional survey design was employed among 376 mothers in one selected local government area in each of the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria recruited using multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected for 6 months and were subjected to descriptive statistics and Rasch analysis. The HMDAS was developed after in-depth literature review and 3 rounds of input from 5 expert reviewers. fit analysis revealed that 12 items were misfits and were expunged from the tool. The HMDAS was found to be unidimensional with Eigen value of less than 1. Item and person separation index of the HMDAS were 11.1917 and 2.0123 respectively. Item and the person reliability index of the HMDAS were 0.9121 and 0.0820. The HMDAS was concluded to be a reliable and valid tool for data collection. It was recommended that the HMDAS should be utilized in generating data that can be used for designing interventions aimed at stemming the tide of diarrhoea in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fall of 2022, we studied damages at the 16th-century Ravat Abdullakhan Mosque in the city of Osh in the east of the Fergana Valley using archeoseismology method. Seismic deformations related, apparently, to the strong Kokand earthquake that occurred in 1822 have been revealed: a significant horizontal displacement of the upper part of the mosque relative to the lower part, systematic tilts of the colonnades, and rotations around the vertical axis (both of individual parts of the mosque and the building as a whole). Such severe damage could have been caused by seismic oscillations with a strength of Il = 8‒9 (according to the MSK-64 scale). The Ravat Abdullakhan Mosque was built in the 16th century on the ruins of two more ancient structures. It is possible that two seismic events of the 12th and 15th centuries led to the destruction of these buildings (the construction of the pre-Mongol period and, presumably, the Jauz Mosque mentioned in Bāburnāma). The first earthquake is likely responsible for the destruction of the bath complex from the Karakhanid era that is located next to the mosque. The sources of seismic oscillations were tectonic movements along the zones of adyr faults and folds that were located near the Ravat Abdullakhan Mosque. It is possible that the initiator of seismic damage to the mosque was Mount Sulaiman-Too, an actively growing anticlinal adyr fold; the medieval structure under study is located at the its eastern foot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Platelet derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) display a pro‐coagulant phenotype and are generated throughout platelet concentrate (PC) storage. Cold storage (CS) of PCs is thought to provide a superior haemostatic advantage over room temperature (RT) storage and could prolong the storage time. However, the effect of storage conditions on EV generation and PC function is unknown. We investigated EV production under CS and RT conditions and assessed whether these EVs exhibited a more pro‐coagulant phenotype in model experiments. Materials and Methods: Buffy‐coat‐derived PCs in a platelet additive solution (PAS) to plasma ratio of approximately 65:35 were stored at RT (22 ± 2°C) or CS (4 ± 2°C) for a prolonged storage duration of 20 days. Impedance aggregometry assessed platelet function. EVs were isolated throughout storage and quantified using nanoparticle tracking analysis. EVs were applied to a coagulation assay to assess the impact on fibrin clot formation and lysis. Results: CS produced significantly larger EVs from day 4 onwards. EV concentration was significantly increased in CS compared to RT from day 15. EVs, regardless of storage, significantly reduced time to clot formation and maximum optical density measured compared to the no EV control. Clot formation was proportionate to the number of EV applied but was not statistically different across storage conditions when corrected for EV number. Conclusion: EVs in CS and RT units showed similar clot formation capacity. However, the higher number of larger EVs generated in CS compared to RT suggests PC units derived from CS conditions may overall exhibit a haemostatically superior capacity compared to RT storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes which advocate early mobility after surgery have improved immediate clinical outcomes for patients undergoing abdominal cancer resections with curative intent. However, the impact of continued physical activity on patient-related outcomes and functional recovery is not well defined. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of postoperative aerobic exercise training, either alone or in conjunction with another exercise modality, on patients who have had surgery for intra-abdominal cancer. Methods: A literature search was performed of electronic journal databases. Eligible papers needed to report an outcome of aerobic capacity in patients older than 18 years of age, who underwent cancer surgery with curative intent and participated in an exercise programme (not solely ERAS) that included an aerobic exercise component starting at any point in the postoperative pathway up to 12 weeks. Results: Eleven studies were deemed eligible for inclusion consisting of two inpatient, one mixed inpatient/outpatient and eight outpatient studies. Meta-analysis of four outpatient studies, each reporting change in 6-min walk test (6MWT), showed a significant improvement in 6MWT with exercise (MD 74.92 m, 95% CI 48.52–101.31 m). The impact on health-related quality of life was variable across studies. Conclusion: Postoperative exercise confers benefits in improving aerobic function post surgery and can be safely delivered in various formats (home-based or group/supervised). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many luminescent platinum(II) complexes undergo face-to-face interactions between neighbouring molecules, leading to bimolecular excited states that may emit at lower energy (dimers and/or excimers). Detailed photophysical studies are reported on dinuclear complexes, in which two NCN-coordinated Pt(II) units are covalently linked by a xanthene such that intramolecular formation of such dimeric or excimeric states is possible. These complexes display strong excimer-like photoluminescence at low concentrations where their monometallic analogues do not. However, a striking difference emerges between complexes where the Pt(NCN) units are directly connected to the xanthene through the tridentate ligand (denoted Class a) and a new class of compounds reported here (Class b) in which the attachment is through a monodentate acetylide ligand. The former require a substantial geometrical rearrangement to move the metal centres of the Pt(NCN) units to a distance short enough to form excimer-like states. The latter require only a small deformation. Consequently, Class a compounds display negligible excimer-like emission in solid films, as the rigid environment hinders the requisite geometric rearrangement. Class b complexes, in contrast, display strong excimer-like emission in film, even at very low loadings. The new dinuclear molecular architecture may thus offer new opportunities in the quest for efficient NIR-emitting devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The atmospheric oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by OH radicals over tropical rainforests impacts local particle production and the lifetime of globally distributed chemically and radiatively active gases. For the pristine Amazon rainforest during the dry season, we empirically determined the diurnal OH radical variability at the forest-atmosphere interface region between 80 and 325 m from 07:00 to 15:00 LT using BVOC measurements. A dynamic time warping approach was applied showing that median averaged mixing times between 80 to 325 m decrease from 105 to 15 min over this time period. The inferred OH concentrations show evidence for an early morning OH peak (07:00–08:00 LT) and an OH maximum (14:00 LT) reaching 2.2 (0.2, 3.8) × 106 molecules cm−3 controlled by the coupling between BVOC emission fluxes, nocturnal NOx accumulation, convective turbulence, air chemistry and photolysis rates. The results were evaluated with a turbulence resolving transport (DALES), a regional scale (WRF-Chem) and a global (EMAC) atmospheric chemistry model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to an unusual protodemethylation reaction, a series of luminescent cyclometallated platinum(II) complexes can be prepared, which incorporate a rare NC‐chelating, pyridyl‐pyridylidene ligand, in combination with OO‐coordinating acetylacetonate (acac) or NO‐coordinating 2‐picolinate (pic) or 8‐hydroxyquinolate. The acac and pic complexes show unusual dual emission in a frozen glass. A series of cyclometallated platinum(II) complexes incorporating a rare, N^C‐chelating, pyridyl‐pyridylidene ligand are described, in which the coordination sphere is completed by two chlorides or an L X co‐ligand, namely O O‐coordinating acetylacetonate (acac), or N^O‐coordinating 2‐picolinate (pic) or 8‐hydroxyquinolinate. The acac and pic complexes have been structurally characterized in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. These two complexes display red phosphorescence in the solid state at room temperature. In a frozen glass at 77 K, all four complexes show two broad emission bands that span much of the visible spectrum, apparently from two unequilibrated excited states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Most older adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) reach the emergency department via the ambulance service. Older adults, often with mild TBI symptoms, risk being under-triaged and facing poor outcomes. This study aimed to identify whether sufficient information is available on the scene to an ambulance clinician to identify an older adult at risk of an intracranial haemorrhage following a head injury. Methods: This was a retrospective case–control observational study involving one regional ambulance service in the UK and eight emergency departments. 3545 patients aged 60 years and over presented to one regional ambulance service with a head injury between the 1st of January 2020 and the 31st of December 2020. The primary outcome was an acute intracranial haemorrhage on head computed tomography (CT) scan in patients conveyed to the emergency department (ED). A secondary outcome was factors associated with conveyance to the ED by the ambulance clinician. Results: In 2020, 2111 patients were conveyed to the ED and 162 patients were found to have an intracranial haemorrhage on their head CT scan. Falls from more than 2 m (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.45, 95% CI 1.78–6.40), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (aOR 2.80, 95% CI 1.25–5.75) and Clopidogrel (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.04–3.59) were associated with an intracranial haemorrhage. Conveyance to the ED was associated with patients taking anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication or a visible head injury or head injury symptoms. Conclusion: This study highlights that while most older adults with a head injury are conveyed to the ED, only a minority will have an intracranial haemorrhage following their head injury. While mechanisms of injury such as falls from more than 2 m remain a predictor, this work highlights that Clopidogrel and CKD are also associated with an increased odds of tICH in older adults following a head injury. These findings may warrant a review of current ambulance head injury guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The atmospheric oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by OH radicals over tropical rainforests impacts local particle production and the lifetime of globally distributed chemically and radiatively active gases. For the pristine Amazon rainforest during the dry season, we empirically determined the diurnal OH radical variability at the forest-atmosphere interface region between 80 and 325 m from 07:00 to 15:00 LT using BVOC measurements. A dynamic time warping approach was applied showing that median averaged mixing times between 80 to 325 m decrease from 105 to 15 min over this time period. The inferred OH concentrations show evidence for an early morning OH peak (07:00–08:00 LT) and an OH maximum (14:00 LT) reaching 2.2 (0.2, 3.8) × 106 molecules cm−3 controlled by the coupling between BVOC emission fluxes, nocturnal NOx accumulation, convective turbulence, air chemistry and photolysis rates. The results were evaluated with a turbulence resolving transport (DALES), a regional scale (WRF-Chem) and a global (EMAC) atmospheric chemistry model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The atmospheric oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by OH radicals over tropical rainforests impacts local particle production and the lifetime of globally distributed chemically and radiatively active gases. For the pristine Amazon rainforest during the dry season, we empirically determined the diurnal OH radical variability at the forest-atmosphere interface region between 80 and 325 m from 07:00 to 15:00 LT using BVOC measurements. A dynamic time warping approach was applied showing that median averaged mixing times between 80 to 325 m decrease from 105 to 15 min over this time period. The inferred OH concentrations show evidence for an early morning OH peak (07:00–08:00 LT) and an OH maximum (14:00 LT) reaching 2.2 (0.2, 3.8) × 106 molecules cm−3 controlled by the coupling between BVOC emission fluxes, nocturnal NOx accumulation, convective turbulence, air chemistry and photolysis rates. The results were evaluated with a turbulence resolving transport (DALES), a regional scale (WRF-Chem) and a global (EMAC) atmospheric chemistry model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We can use radically different reference‐schemes to generate the same truth‐conditions for the sentences of a language. In this paper, we do three things. (1) Distinguish two arguments that deploy this observation to derive different conclusions. The first argues that reference is radically indeterminate: there is no fact of the matter what ordinary terms refer to. This threat is taken seriously and most contemporary metasemantic theories come with resources intended to rebut it. The second argues for radical parochialism about reference: it's a reflection of our parochial interests, rather than the nature of the subject matter, that our theorizing about language appeals to reference rather than another relation that generates the same truth‐conditions. Rebuttals of the first argument cut no ice against the second, because radical parochialism is compatible with reference being determinate. (2) Argue that radical parochialism, like radical indeterminacy, would be shocking if true. (3) Argue that the case for radical parochialism turns on the explanatory purposes of "reference"‐talk: on relatively "thin" conceptions, the argument goes through, and radical parochialism is (shockingly!) true; on richer conceptions, the argument can be blocked. We conclude that non‐revisionists must endorse, and justify, a relatively rich conception of the explanatory purposes of "reference"‐talk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are interpersonal comparisons of desire possible? Can we give an account of how facts about desires are grounded that underpins such comparisons? This paper supposes the answer to the first question is yes, and provides an account of the nature of desire that explains how this is so. The account is a modification of the interpretationist metaphysics of representation that the author has recently been developing. The modification is to allow phenomenological affective valence into the "base facts" on which correct interpretation is grounded. To use this extra resource within that theory to vindicate interpersonal comparisons, we will need to appeal rational connections between level of valence and level of desire, which this paper sets out and examines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following recent successful demonstrations of enhanced infrared absorption in Au-hyperdoped Si, there has been strong interest in fabricating other metal-hyperdoped Si systems as a highly attractive approach for Si-based infrared photodetection. In this work, we address the somewhat contentious issue in the literature as to whether it is possible, using ion implantation and nanosecond pulsed-laser melting, to achieve hyperdoping of Si with Ag and Ti at concentrations exceeding that required to form an intermediate impurity band within the Si bandgap (N IB ∼ 6 × 10 19 cm − 3 ). A wide range of characterization techniques were used to investigate these material systems, especially the quality of liquid-phase epitaxy, impurity concentration distribution both in depth and laterally, and impurity lattice location. Our results indicate that the high concentrations of opto-electrically active Ag or Ti in monocrystalline Si required to form an impurity band are not achieved. In particular, the usual behavior during rapid solidification is for near-complete surface segregation of the impurity, or for it to be trapped within a highly defective subsurface layer due to filamentary breakdown. Although our measurements showed that the maximum concentration of impurities outside metal-rich filaments is comparable to N IB for both Ag and Ti, there is no preferential Ag or Ti lattice location after pulsed-laser melting anywhere in the material. Thus, the concentration of opto-electrically active Ag and Ti that can be homogeneously incorporated into Si is expected to be well below N IB , leaving Au as the only viable impurity to date for achieving the required level of hyperdoping in Si. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for applying the James initiation criterion for explosives with thick cover plates is established. Impact data and corresponding shock induced detonation thresholds were collected and evaluated for flat steel projectiles of different diameters impacting PBX-9501 explosive charges covered by steel plates of various thicknesses. The analysis of the data demonstrated an improved prediction of the detonation thresholds of the explosive charges using the James criterion with a proper accounting of material strength effects, particularly for explosives with relatively thick cover plates. The approach is limited to impacts that produce a one-dimensional flow in the explosive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperdoped Si formed by implantation followed by pulsed laser melting is a promising material for enhanced near-infrared photodetection. To realize the full potential of this material, it is crucial to understand the nature of defects arising from the fabrication process and how these may impact device operation. Here, we identify through deep level transient spectroscopy the presence of a range of defects in the substrate depletion layer that arise from interactions between high dose ion implantation and pulsed laser melting, and investigate their annealing behavior up to 650 ° C. In particular, the detection of a vacancy complex E 1 (0.35) with densities as high as 10 14 cm − 3 indicates that optical transitions between this level and the valence band may compete with the Au donor center, and hence could potentially contribute to the photocurrent in hyperdoped photodiodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the relaxation dynamics of deuterated water molecules via autoionization, initiated by the absorption of a 61 eV photon, producing the very rare D+ + O+ + D breakup channel. We employ the COLd target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy method to measure the 3D momenta of the ionic fragments and emitted electrons from the dissociating molecule in coincidence. We interpret the results using the potential energy surfaces extracted from multi-reference configuration interaction calculations. The measured particle energy distributions can be related to a super-excited monocationic state located above the double ionization threshold of D2O. The autoionized electron energy shows a sharp distribution centered around 0.5 eV, which is a signature of the atomic oxygen autoionization occurring in the direct and sequential dissociation processes of D2O+* at a large internuclear distance. In this way, an O+ radical fragment and a low-energy electron are created, both of which can trigger secondary reactions in their environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protoplanetary disks emit radiation across a broad range of wavelengths, requiring a multiwavelength approach to fully understand their physical mechanisms and how they form planets. Observations at submillimeter to centimeter wavelengths can provide insights into the thermal emission from dust, free-free emission from ionized gas, and possible gyro-synchrotron emission from the stellar magnetosphere. This work is focused on CX Tau, a ~0.4 M⊙ star with an extended gas emission and a compact and apparently structureless dust disk, with an average millimeter flux compared to Class II sources in Taurus. We present observations from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array across four bands (between 9.0 mm and 6.0 cm) and combine them with archival data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Submillimeter Array, and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. This multiwavelength approach allows us to separate the dust continuum from other emissions. After isolating the dust thermal emission, we derived an upper limit of the dust disk extent at 1.3 cm, which is consistent with theoretical predictions of a radial drift-dominated disk. The centimeter data show a peculiar behavior: deep observations at 6.0 cm did not detect the source, while at 1.3 cm, the flux density is anomalously higher than adjacent bands. Intraband spectral indices suggest a dominant contribution from free-free emission, whereas gyro-synchrotron emission is excluded. To explain these observations, we propose a strong variability among the free-free emission with timescales shorter than a month. Another possible interpretation is the presence of anomalous microwave emission from spinning dust grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]