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This article analyses the driving factors behind the formation of individual work values in European welfare states. By comparing relative preferences for extrinsic and intrinsic work values, we shed light on the discussion of the effects of intergenerational transmission and the structuring effects of labour market policies and regional opportunity structures on the formation of work values. Therefore, a multilevel analysis is applied using the innovative CUPESSE data set, which provides data on young adults and their parents in 65 NUTS‐1‐regions from 11 European countries. The results show that individual work values of young Europeans are most substantively shaped by the respective values of their parents. Furthermore, we demonstrate that individual characteristics such as sex, education and personal unemployment experiences determine preferences for work values. Finally, the paper shows that the local labour market context and welfare state arrangements also play a decisive role in the formation of individual work values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal treatment strategy for men with localised prostatic cancer of low and intermediate risk is an actively evolving field. It is important to strike a balance between maximal oncological control and minimal treatment-related complications, which helps preserve the patients' quality of life. MR-guided transurethral ultrasound ablation (TULSA) has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment option for this group of patients. This article aims to provide of a background on TULSA technology, a step-by-step procedural guide of MR-guided TULSA and to summarise the current evidence of TULSA in management of localised prostatic cancer, as well as other potential indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our study aims to investigate inter- and intraindividual effects of trainee teachers' perceived opportunities of participation in vocational education and training teacher training on their emotional states. Additionally, it is examined whether the subjective reason for action as in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation affects the relationship between perceived participation and emotional states. In this respect, control-value theory constitutes the guiding conceptual framework in our study. Methods: On the basis of a longitudinal design with a total of 75 trainee teachers in Germany and a maximum of 58 survey time points during 18-months of teacher training (in total 1790 individual measurements), we traced the perception of participatory opportunities, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as weekly emotional states. Multilevel modeling allowed us to examine both between- as well as within-person effects of perceived participation. Results: The results of our multilevel models indicate, among other findings, statistically significant within- and between-person effects of perceived participation opportunities on enjoyment, hope, pride, as well as anger, anxiety, shame, and hopelessness. Furthermore, the attributed subjective reason for action, i.e., the intrinsic or extrinsic motivation, moderates the relationship between perceived opportunities to participate and emotional states. Discussion: The findings, which are consistent across different emotions of the same valence and for the two different types of motivation, indicate that those trainee teachers who report low values for intrinsic motivation (or high values for extrinsic motivation) in a given week react more responsively to changes with regard to opportunities for participatory influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic crisis of 2008 resulted in rising levels of unemployment, which were accompanied by protests in many countries. This led to a scientific debate on the influence of grievances on political participation. Previous studies have shown that individual affectedness leads to 'exiting', whereas in times of crisis grievances lead to increased political participation. What all these studies have in common is that they solely investigate actual deprivation. The present study adds a new aspect and examines if the individual risk perception of becoming deprived influences political participation. Does the individual risk perception of becoming deprived influence political participation and, if so, does this depend on the economic context? Based on grievance theory and using data from the European Social Survey and the World Bank, this study shows that the personal risk of becoming deprived increases the likelihood of participation. However, the participation-enhancing effect of one's own risk perception is diminished when individuals live in an economically weak country and thus see no chance of improvement. This underlines that context plays a role and that economically deteriorating situations in the country can reduce participation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bulk of the literature on the Relational Turbulence Model relating to U.S. military couples clusters around examining relational turbulence and communication issues when a service member returns from a deployment and reintegrates back into the home. Lacking in comparison is a deeper examination of turbulence and all of its related variables when the service member leaves the home to go on the deployment. The current study examines these components as they relate to overseas military deployment. A thematic analysis of participants' perceptions uncovered major themes of Relational Uncertainty, Partner Interferences, and Relational Turbulence along with several subthemes and additional subtheme-types. If we consider the well-established relational communication issues couples face during reintegrating, these findings suggest that those issues may actually stem from the perceptions of relational turbulence in the initial parts of the deployment cycle during deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Influenza A (H7N9) has caused multiple disease waves with evidence of strain diversification. Optimal influenza A (H7N9) prime-boost vaccine strategies are unknown. Methods We recruited participants who had received monovalent inactivated A/Shanghai/2/2013 (H7N9) vaccine (MIV) approximately 5 years earlier, as follows: MIV with MF59 (MF59 × 2 group), MIV with AS03 (AS03 × 2 group), unadjuvanted MIV (No Adj group), MIV with MF59 or AS03 followed by unadjuvanted MIV (Adjx1 group), and A/H7-naive (unprimed group). Participants were randomized to receive 1 dose of AS03-adjuvanted or unadjuvanted A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (H7N9) MIV and were followed for safety and immunogenicity using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody assays. Results We enrolled 304 participants: 153 received the adjuvanted boost and 151 received the unadjuvanted boost. At 21 days postvaccination, the proportion of participants with HAI antibody titers against the boosting vaccine strain of ≥40 in the adjuvanted and unadjuvanted arms, respectively, were 88% and 49% in MF59 × 2 group, 89% and 75% in AS03 × 2 group, 59% and 20% in No Adj group, 94% and 55% in Adjx1group, and 9% and 11% in unprimed group. Conclusions Serologic responses to a heterologous A(H7N9) MIV boost were highest in participants primed and boosted with adjuvant-containing regimens. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03738241. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ever since agriculture started, plants have been bred to obtain better yields, better fruits, or sustainable products under uncertain biotic and abiotic conditions. However, a new way to obtain products from plant cells emerged with the development of recombinant DNA technologies. This led to the possibility of producing exogenous molecules in plants. Furthermore, plant chemodiversity has been the main source of pharmacological molecules, opening a field of plant biotechnology directed to produce high quality plant metabolites. The need for different products by the pharma, cosmetics agriculture and food industry has pushed again to develop new procedures. These include cell production in bioreactors. While plant tissue and cell culture are an established technology, beginning over a hundred years ago, plant cell cultures have shown little impact in biotechnology projects, compared to bacterial, yeasts or animal cells. In this review we address the different types of bioreactors that are currently used for plant cell production and their usage for quality biomolecule production. We make an overview of Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana benthamiana, Oryza sativa, Daucus carota, Vitis vinifera and Physcomitrium patens as well-established models for plant cell culture, and some species used to obtain important metabolites, with an insight into the type of bioreactor and production protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, interventional radiologists have been increasingly involved in the management of bone fractures resulting from benign (osteoporosis and trauma), as well as malignant (tumor-related impending or pathologic fractures) conditions. Interventional techniques used to fix fractures include image-guided osteoplasty, screw-mediated osteosynthesis, or combinations of both. In the present narrative review, we highlight the most common clinical scenarios that may benefit from such interventional techniques with specific focus on spine, pelvic ring, and long bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Grundwasser is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: This study examines the extent to which VET trainee teachers' identification with their profession is related to their basic psychological need for autonomy and whether this is reflected in their intention to stay in the field. Trainee's subjective experience of their professional identity interacts with different conditions of the training environment, whereby we focus on perceived autonomy support and autonomy thwarting behavior of seminar teachers. Methods: On the basis of a longitudinal design with a total of 79 trainee teachers in Germany and four survey time points during teacher training, corresponding developmental processes were traced over a total period of 1 year. Cross-lagged panel analyses allow us to draw conclusions about the extent to which professional identification of trainees interacts with autonomy-support or autonomy-thwarting conditions originating from seminar teachers and to what extent the aforementioned factors in turn affect intention to stay. Results: Cross-lagged panel analyses show that professional identification after 6 months in teacher training significantly predicts the intention to stay in the teaching profession half a year later. Significant cross paths each describe positive effects between professional identification and autonomy support and negative effects between professional identification and autonomy thwarting. Discussion: Particularly against the background of the shortage of teachers in Germany and other countries, the promotion of professional identification processes in the sense of a teacher identity can be assessed as crucial. In this respect, an autonomy-supporting environment, e.g., created by seminar teachers, can already contribute to that during teacher training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare procedure-related variables, safety, renal function, and oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous cryoablation (CA) of renal tumors with MRI- or CT-guidance. Materials and Methods: Patient, tumour, procedure, and follow-up data were collected and analysed. MRI and CT groups were matched using a coarsened exact approach according to patient's gender and age, tumour grade, size and location. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Two-hundred fifty-three patients (266 tumors) were retrospectively selected. Following the coarsened exact matching 46 patients (46 tumors) in the MRI group and 42 patients (42 tumors) in the CT group were matched. There were no significant baseline differences between the two populations except for the duration of follow-up (P = 0.002) and renal function (P = 0.002). On average MRI-guided CA lasted 21 min longer than CT-guided ones (P = 0.005). Following CA, complication rates (6.5% for MRI vs 14.3% for CT; P = 0.30) and GFR decline (mean − 13.1 ± 15.8%; range − 64.5–15.0 for MRI; mean − 8.1 ± 14.8%; range − 52.5–20.4; for CT; P = 0.13) were similar in both groups. The 5-year local progression-free, cancer-specific and overall survivals in the MRI and CT groups were 94.0% (95% CI 86.3%–100.0%) and 90.8% (95% CI 81.3%–100.0%; P = 0.55), 100.0% (95% CI 100.0%–100.0%) and 100.0% (95% CI 100.0%–100.0%; P = 1), and 83.7% (95% CI 64.0%–100.0%) and 76.2% (95% CI 62.0%–93.6%; P = 0.41), respectively. Conclusions: Apart from increased procedural times associated with MRI-guided CA of renal tumors compared to CT-guidance, both modalities demonstrate similar safety, GFR decline and oncologic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate whether ablation volume difference relatively to tumoral volume, minimal distance between ablation area and necrotic tumor, or apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) within the ablation area, measured on 1- and 3-month follow-up MRI following cryoablation of renal tumors, are associated with tumor recurrence. Materials and Methods: 136 renal tumors were retrospectively identified. Patients, tumor characteristics and follow-up MRI (1-, 3-, 6-month, and thereafter annually) were collected. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between the investigated parameters and tumor recurrence. Results: Over the follow-up period (27.7 ± 21.9 months), 13 recurrences were identified at 20.5 ± 19.4 months. At 1- and 3-month, the mean volume difference between the ablation zone and the tumor volume were + 577.5 ± 511.3% vs + 251.4 ± 209.8% (p = 0.003), and + 268.8 ± 291.1% vs + 103.8 ± 94.6% (p = 0.023) in patients without and with tumor recurrence, respectively. At 1- and 3-month, the minimum distance between the necrotic tumor and the edge of the ablation area was 3.4 ± 2.5 vs 1.8 ± 1.9 mm (p = 0.019), and 2.4 ± 2.3 vs 1.4 ± 1.8 mm (p = 0.13) in patients without and with tumor recurrence, respectively. Analysis of ADC values was not associated with tumor recurrence. After performing the multivariate analysis, only volume difference of the ablation area compared to tumor volume was associated with absence of tumor recurrence at 1- (OR = 14.1; p = 0.001) and 3-month (OR = 8.2; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Evaluation of volume difference between the ablation area and tumor volume on early (≤ 3 months) MRI follow-up identifies patients at risk of tumor recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that economic and political experiences influence the level of satisfaction with democracy; however, they fail to explain whether these experiences have the same effect for everyone, whether there is interindividual variance and where these differences might be rooted. In this article, we investigate these roots of interindividual variance and base our argument on the observation that early experiences in school are formative and influence the effect of economic and political experiences on satisfaction with democracy. We analyze an original representative dataset on the German population to test how school experiences, more precisely equal treatment in school, interact with economic and political experiences in later life and thereby influence satisfaction with democracy. We find that school experiences play a significant role here. Voting for the governing parties especially increases satisfaction with democracy if respondents were treated equally in school. Similarly, past experiences of unemployment in particular decrease people's levels of satisfaction with the political system if they were not treated equally in school. The findings highlight that early experiences made in school can have a relevant influence on satisfaction with democracy in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short term experiments have identified heat shock and cold response elements in many biological systems. However, the effect of long-term low or high temperatures is not well documented. To address this gap, we grew Antirrhinum majus plants from two-weeks old until maturity under control (normal) (22/16°C), cold (15/5°C), and hot (30/23°C) conditions for a period of two years. Flower size, petal anthocyanin content and pollen viability obtained higher values in cold conditions, decreasing in middle and high temperatures. Leaf chlorophyll content was higher in cold conditions and stable in control and hot temperatures, while pedicel length increased under hot conditions. The control conditions were optimal for scent emission and seed production. Scent complexity was low in cold temperatures. The transcriptomic analysis of mature flowers, followed by gene enrichment analysis and CNET plot visualization, showed two groups of genes. One group comprised genes controlling the affected traits, and a second group appeared as long-term adaptation to non-optimal temperatures. These included hypoxia, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, ribosomal proteins, carboxylic acid, sugar and organic ion transport, or protein folding. We found a differential expression of floral organ identity functions, supporting the flower size data. Pollinator-related traits such as scent and color followed opposite trends, indicating an equilibrium for rendering the organs for pollination attractive under changing climate conditions. Prolonged heat or cold cause structural adaptations in protein synthesis and folding, membrane composition, and transport. Thus, adaptations to cope with non-optimal temperatures occur in basic cellular processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Easy Social Sciences is the property of GESIS - Leibnitz-Institute for Social Sciences in Mannheim and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The high use of pesticides, herbicides, and unsustainable farming practices resulted in losses of soil quality. Sustainable farming practices such as intercropping could be a good alternative to traditional monocrop, especially using legumes such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). In this study, differentmelon and cowpea intercropping patterns (melonmixed with cowpea in the same row(MC1); alternating onemelon rowand one cowpea row(MC2); alternating twomelon rows and one cowpea row(MC3)) were assayed to study the intercropping effect on soil bacterial community through 16S rRNA region in a 3-year experiment. The results indicated that intercropping showed high content of total organic carbon, total nitrogen and ammonium, melon yield, and bacterial diversity as well as higher levels of beneficial soilmicroorganisms such a Pseudomonas, Aeromicrobium, Niastella, or Sphingomonas which can promote plant growth and plant defense against pathogens. Furthermore, intercropping showed a higher rare taxa diversity in two (MC1 and MC2) out of the three intercropping systems. In addition, N-cycling genes such as nirB, nosZ, and amoA were more abundant in MC1 and MC2 whereas the narG predicted gene was far more abundant in the intercropping systems than in the monocrop at the end of the 3-year experiment. This research fills a gap in knowledge about the importance of soil bacteria in an intercropping melon/cowpea pattern, showing the benefits to yield and soil quality with a decrease in N fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young adults in rural areas in many cases have limited educational opportunities. To obtain higher educational qualifications, rural youth often travel long distances. Therefore, many rural youths choose the "shorter" route and complete vocational training closer to home or drop out of their education prematurely. Against this background, this study examines the education policies of European countries and explores the extent to which these problems are addressed within their policy framework and what measures are taken to improve the situation. Using a unique dataset of policies of 31 European countries for the period 2010 to 2020, we examine more than 500 national and subnational policies that address formal and informal education and training. The results show that despite the sometimes high number of rural youths not in education, employment, or training (NEETs) and high early-school-leaving rates, only some countries have developed a respective policy strategy. The analysis presents the different measures implemented in the countries and furthermore shows that a high problem pressure in a country is not necessarily accompanied by a consideration in policy. Prospectively, there is a need for new policies that understand the multidimensionality of the issue and significantly improve the situation of rural youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finally, injection within the hepatogastric ligament fails to displace the peritonealised portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach from the liver. To protect the stomach, a needle was inserted between the liver and the stomach at the level of the tumour. [Extracted from the article]

This paper analyzes whether and how work values differ between European Welfare states and change over time. We proceed in three steps: First, we show that—despite EU harmonization endeavors, for example, via the Europe 2020 strategy—work values still vary substantially between European countries and welfare regimes. Second, by analyzing data from the European Social Survey 2004 and 2010, we show how labor market policies, such as active and passive labor market policies, are associated with work values and how overall levels of work values changed over this period. Third, we discuss potential implications of the heterogeneity of work values for national as well as European labor market policy making. Altogether we are able to show that work values are substantially driven by the economic structure of a country and its labor market policy making. Key Practitioner MessageWork values vary substantially between European countries and welfare regimes.The change of work values is substantially driven by welfare state structures (both labor market policies implemented and industry share).Both European and national labor market policy making has to account for these different work values to be successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress in teaching and teacher training is a well-known issue and stress management during teacher training may not only be affected by individual coping efforts, but also determined by private and work-related networks the individual is integrated in. In that regard, our article aims firstly to identify sources of social support in the German teacher training system and secondly to analyze interdependencies in dyadic coping interactions based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. On the basis of questionnaire data from 307 German trainees and qualified teachers from vocational and general schools, we found that mentors, partners, fellow trainees, colleagues at school, parents, and good friends were named as the most supportive reference persons during teacher training. In a follow-up survey, data from 49 sources of support were obtained, which could be assigned to the corresponding (trainee) teachers (in the sense of support recipients). These dyads thus form the basis for the analysis of dyadic coping interdependencies. The results of the moderator analyses show, among other things, that support recipients who prefer the coping strategy palliative emotion regulation tend to react rather sensitively to contrary coping strategies of the source of support with regard to their stress symptoms. Social interactions in this respect can represent both protective as well as risk factors. Therefore, a system of complex social interdependencies must be considered when analyzing relational resilience among prospective teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the development and success of the interventional radiology (IR) department at Hopitaux Civils de Colmar in France. Prior to the arrival of a full-time IR in 2018, the department primarily performed small procedures under local anesthesia. However, with the addition of a full-time IR, the department saw a significant increase in activity, performing over 4,100 procedures by the end of 2021. The article highlights key factors in building a successful IR department, including easy access for clinicians, collaboration with nearby university hospitals, strong relationships with the anesthesia department, increasing competence through hiring and visiting practitioners, creating a positive work environment, and investing in the future through residency programs. The article emphasizes the importance of teamwork, patient care, and a multidisciplinary approach. Overall, the article provides insights into the strategies and considerations involved in building and sustaining a high-volume IR department. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: To describe the guidewire technique to perform hydrodistension and create artificial ascites during liver microwave ablation (MWA) of tumors located in the hepatic dome and evaluate the effectiveness of repartition of peritoneal fluid along segments VII and VIII with this technique. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of all 18 consecutive patients who benefited from MWA combined with hydrodistension causing artificial ascites performed with the guidewire technique was conducted. The technique involves inserting a 20G spinal needle in the liver parenchyma and catheterizing the peritoneum with a 0.018 nitinol guidewire while retrieving the needle from the liver. Technical success was defined by the successful insertion of a sheath over the wire in the peritoneal cavity and identification of peritoneal fluid on CT images, with repartition of ascites around segments VII and VIII. Results: Target tumors were located in segments VII and VIII and had a mean size of 27.7 mm with a mean distance from the diaphragm of 1.7 mm. Technical success of artificial ascites was 14/18 (78%). In the four cases where artificial ascites failed, patients had undergone previous liver surgery. In the 14 cases for which artificial ascites were successful, complete separation of the diaphragm from the ablation zone was noted in 9/14 cases and partial separation in 5/14 cases. Conclusion: Hydrodistension with the guidewire technique is effective and safe to accomplish artificial ascites. The extent of repartition of peritoneal fluid is variable, especially in the peritoneal recess in contact with the bare area where diffusion of fluid was variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the selection of floral traits usually consider pollinators and sometimes herbivores. However, humans also exert selection on floral traits of ornamental plants. We compared the preferences of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), and humans for flowers of snapdragon. From a cross of two species, Antirrhinum majus and Antirrhinum linkianum , we selected four Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs). We characterised scent emission from whole flowers and stamens, pollen content and viability, trichome density, floral shape, size and colour of floral parts. We tested the preferences of bumblebees, thrips, and humans for whole flowers, floral scent bouquets, stamen scent, and individual scent compounds. Humans and bumblebees showed preferences for parental species, whereas thrips preferred RILs. Colour and floral scent, in combination with other floral traits, seem relevant phenotypes for all organisms. Remarkably, visual traits override scent cues for bumblebees, although, scent is an important trait when bumblebees cannot see the flowers, and methyl benzoate was identified as a key attractant for them. The evolutionary trajectory of flowers is the result of multiple floral traits interacting with different organisms with different habits and modes of interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess efficacy and safety of percutaneous cryoablation (CA) for advanced and refractory extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. Materials and methods: This retrospective study reviewed 30 consecutive patients with symptomatic desmoid tumors evolving after "wait and watch" periods, and despite medical treatment, treated by CA between 2007 and 2019. Progression free survival (PFS), objective response rate, pain reduction (decreased of visual analogic scale pain (VAS) ≥ 3 or disappearance of pain), total volume lesion (TVL) and complications were documented. Kaplan Meier method was used to outline PFS. Paired sample t test was used to compare volume of tumors before treatment and at 1 and 3 year. Results: With a median follow-up of 18.5 months (range 6–93 months, interquartile range (IQR): 12–55), the PFS was 85.1% at 1 year and 77.3% at 3 years. Objective response was obtained for 80% of patients with a complete response for 43% patients. Pain reduction was obtained for 96.7% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 90.3, 100) of patients. Median volume of desmoid tumor before treatment was 124.1cm3 (range 2–1727cm3, IQR: 54–338cm3). Median change of TLV after ablation was 66.6% (95% CI: 37.2, 72.3; p = 0.002) at 1 year and 76.4% (95% CI: 59.1, 89.8; p = 0.002) at 3 year. Adverse events rate was 36.6%, the most common was edema and temporary increase of pain in the days following CA. Four patients experienced a major complication (13.3%): 2 skin necrosis, 1 infection and 1 brachial plexopathy. Conclusion: CA is an effective treatment for advanced and refractory extra-abdominal desmoid tumor, that induces durable responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report our experience of percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of renal tumors located within 10 mm of the pyeloureteric junction (PUJ) and/or ureter, with hydrodissection as a stand-alone thermoprotective technique. Materials and methods: All patients who were offered combined hydrodissection and cryoablation of the PUJ/ureter to treat stage-1 renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding patients, lesions, and outcomes were collected. Results: Twenty tumors in 20 patients (13 males:7 females) with a mean age of 74.4 ± 7.5 were included. Mean tumor size was 27.6 ± 6.4 mm. Nearby vulnerable structure(s) were identified as the ureter in 5/20 cases, the PUJ in 8/20 cases and both the PUJ and the ureter in the remaining 7/20 cases (35%) cases. Mean minimal distance between the tumor and the vulnerable organ(s) was 4.8 ± 2.6 mm (range 0–10). A mean of 1.7 ± 0.6 spinal needles were used per intervention with a mean time to complete hydrodissection of 18.6 ± 13.4 min. Primary and secondary technical efficacy rates were 90% and 95%, respectively. Mean follow-up was 23.1 ± 9.2 months. There were no immediate or delayed complications, in particular no urothelial strictures. Two tumor recurrences occurred during follow-up, with a time to disease progression of 13 and 31 months, respectively. Conclusion: hydrodissection of the PUJ/ureter to prevent thermal injury during cryoablation is an effective technique and does not seem to compromise the efficacy of ablation at short or mid-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical guidelines project was to determine the most appropriate surgical techniques, in terms of efficacy, complications, and patient opinions, for the treatment of buccal single gingival recessions without loss of interproximal soft and hard tissues. Methods: Literature searches were performed (electronically and manually) for entries up to 28 February, 2013 concerning the surgical approaches for the treatment of gingival recessions. Systematic reviews (SRs) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and individual RCTs that reported at least 6 months of follow-up of surgical treatment of single gingival recessions were included. The full texts of the selected SRs and RCTs were analysed using checklists for qualitative evaluation according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) method. The following variables were evaluated: Complete Root Coverage (CRC); Recession Reduction (RecRed); complications; functional and aesthetic satisfaction of the patients; and costs of therapies. Results: Out of 30 systematic reviews, 3 SRs and 16 out of 313 RCTs were judged to have a low risk for bias (SIGN code: 1+). At a short-term evaluation, the coronally advanced flap plus connective tissue graft method (CAF+CTG) resulted in the best treatment in terms of CRC and/or RecRed; in case of cervical abrasion and presence of root sensitivity CAF + CTG + Restoration caused less sensitivity than CAF+CTG. CAF produced less postoperative discomfort for patients. Limited information is available regarding postoperative dental hypersensitivity and aesthetic satisfaction of the patients. Conclusion: In presence of aesthetic demands or tooth hypersensitivity, the best way to surgically treat single gingival recessions without loss of interproximal tissues is achieved using the CAF procedure associated with CTG. Considering postoperative discomfort, the CAF procedure is the less painful surgical approach, while the level of aesthetic satisfaction resulted higher after CAF either alone or with CTG. It is unclear how much tooth hypersensitivity is reduced by surgically covering buccal recessions. It is important to note that the present recommendations are based on short-term data (less than 1 year). Source of funding: The guidelines project was made possible through self-financing by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narcissus flowers are used as cut flowers and to obtain high quality essential oils for the perfume industry. As a winter crop in the Mediterranean area, it flowers at temperatures ranging between 10 and 15°C during the day and 3–10°C during the night. Here we tested the impact of different light and temperature conditions on scent quality during post-harvest. These two types of thermoperiod and photoperiod. We also used constant darkness and constant temperatures. We found that under conditions of 12:12 Light Dark and 15-5°C, Narcissus emitted monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids. Increasing the temperature to 20°-10°C in a 12:12 LD cycle caused the loss of cinnamyl acetate and emission of indole. Under constant dark, there was a loss of scent complexity. Constant temperatures of 20°C caused a decrease of scent complexity that was more dramatic at 5°C, when the total number of compounds emitted decreased from thirteen to six. Distance analysis confirmed that 20°C constant temperature causes the most divergent scent profile. We found a set of four volatiles, benzyl acetate, eucalyptol, linalool, and ocimene that display a robust production under differing environmental conditions, while others were consistently dependent on light or thermoperiod. Scent emission changed significantly during the day and between different light and temperature treatments. Under a light:dark cycle and 15-5°C the maximum was detected during the light phase but this peak shifted toward night under 20-10°C. Moreover, under constant darkness the peak occurred at midnight and under constant temperature, at the end of night. Using Machine Learning we found that indole was the volatile with a highest ranking of discrimination followed by D-limonene. Our results indicate that light and temperature regimes play a critical role in scent quality. The richest scent profile is obtained by keeping flowers at 15°-5°C thermoperiod and a 12:12 Light Dark photoperiod. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through lecture, documentary viewing, writing, and discussion, students are asked to identify and explain the unethical decisions made by a media team and are asked to reflect on how they would handle the presented situation differently by referencing moral perspectives. Students learn to consider ethical dimensions and moral perspectives when making decisions in creating media and discuss transparency in producing media for the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze our interventional radiology outpatient clinics (IROC) for referral patterns, impact on interventional practice, and patient satisfaction. Materials and Methods: Consultations performed between 2011 and 2019 were extracted. The two consecutive years with the highest number of consultations (n2018 = 1426; n2019 = 1595) were compared for unattended consultations (i.e., scheduled consultations with patients not showing-up); initial/follow-up consultations; hospital clinician/general practitioner referrals; initial consultations with radiologists not recommending interventions; procedural conversion rate (PCR; i.e., No. initial consultations resulting in interventions over the total number of initial consultations performed for the same clinical indication). A survey was conducted in 159 patients to determine their satisfaction. Results: Consultations increased from 2011 to 2019 by 130%. In 2018–2019, the number of unattended consultations was stable (7.0% vs 6.6%; P =.68). The referrals were for back pain (42.2%), interventional oncology (40.5%), and arteriovenous malformations (9.0%). For back pain, in 2019, there were fewer consultations with radiologists not recommending interventions and increased PCR compared to 2018 (11.9% vs. 17.7%; 88.1% vs. 82.3%; respectively; P =.01). For interventional oncology, follow-up consultations and general practitioner referrals increased in 2019 compared to 2018 (43.0% vs 35.3%; P =.01; 24.4% vs. 12.7%; P <.01; respectively). No other changes were noted. Cumulative 2018–2019 PCR was ≥ 85.4%. 99.2% responders highly appreciated their IROC experience. Quality of secretarial and medical services were the main aspects evaluated to rate the experience with IROC. Conclusion: IROC results in high PCR. Recent changes in referral/impact on IR practice were noted with patients referred for back pain and interventional oncology. Level of Evidence IV: Level 4, Case Series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The osseous pelvis is a frequent site of metastases. Alteration of bone integrity may lead to pain but also to functional disability and pathological fractures. Percutaneous image-guided minimally invasive procedures, such as cementoplasty and screw fixation, have emerged as a viable option to provide bone reinforcement and fracture fixation, as stand-alone or combined techniques. Understanding the biomechanics of the osseous pelvis is paramount to tailor the treatment to the clinical situation. The purpose of the present review is to present the biomechanics of the osseous pelvis and discuss its implication for the choice of the optimal consolidative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, monoclonal antibodies such as ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab have made a significant impact on the treatment of advanced melanoma. Combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors leads to improved survival and response rates of 58%‐61% as compared to monotherapy (36%‐44%). However, the price for the better response rates is also a higher frequency of severe adverse events (59%) as compared to monotherapy (17%‐21%). This study examines attitudes towards melanoma therapy options of physicians, healthy individuals, melanoma patients, and physicians with oncological disease, their willingness to pay, and preference of quality versus length of life. Methods: After obtaining ethical approval and informed consent surveys were conducted in 111 participants divided into four groups: melanoma patients (n = 30), healthy individuals as controls (n = 30), physicians (n = 27), and physicians with oncological disease (n = 24). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS statistics (version 25, IBM), applying the Pearson´s chi‐squared test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon‐Mann‐Whitney test, and Kruskal‐Wallis test. Results: Life prolongation is more valued by melanoma patients and physicians with oncological disease compared to healthy controls and healthy physicians. In total, 30% of melanoma patients opt for a life prolonging therapy in all cases, even if this life prolongation is only marginal. Physicians are the strongest proponents of combination immunotherapy. Conclusion: The valuation of the different treatment options differs in the four study groups with affected people valuing life prolongation much more. The individual value of cancer therapies is high, but differs from the societal standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report the retro-sternal space hydrodissection technique used to displace the heart and the pericardium posteriorly for thermoprotection ahead of sternal cryoablation (CA). Methods and materials: Between May 2015 and March 2020, hydrodissection of the retro-sternal space was performed in 5 consecutive patients (5 female; mean age 55.2 ± 9.3 years, range 41–65) who underwent percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of the sternum. The number of needles required, the implemented approach, volume of injectate to achieve hydrodissection, hydrodissection procedure time, distance between the lesion and the pericardium before and after hydrodissection, distance between the ice-ball and the pericardium, technical success and complications were retrospectively assessed. Results: Technical success, defined as the completion of a full dual freeze protocol without contact between the ice-ball and the pericardium, was achieved in all cases (5/5, 100%). One to two needles were used to perform hydrodissection via a perpendicular (3/5) or an anterior oblique approach (2/5) and a mean hydrodissection procedure time of 10.4 ± 2.6 min (range 8–14). Minimum distance between the lesion and the pericardium increased from mean 5.8 ± 3.8 mm (range 0–10) before hydrodissection to a mean 22.2 ± 5.8 mm (range 18–32) after, with a mean distance between the final ice-ball and the pericardium of 11.6 ± 8.7 mm (range 7–27). A mean of 198 ± 79.8 mL (range 90–290) of iodinated contrast was injected. There were no immediate, short- or medium-term complication noted. Conclusion: Hydrodissection of the retro-sternal space is a feasible technique for sternal cryoablation in order to protect the pericardium from freezing for sternal cryoablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To ascertain the performance of a new blunt-tip needle (HydroGuard®), which allows injection of fluids during needle advancement in order to safely approach, displace and insulate nearby critical structures during thermal ablation (TA).Materials and Methods: This study included 27 consecutive patients treated by TA [cryoablation (CA), radiofrequency (RFA), and microwave MWA)] between April 2018 and January 2019. During TA, hydro- or gas dissection was performed with HydroGuard® needle to displace and protect critical structures close to the tumor (< 10 mm). Technical and clinical success, distance between critical structure and tumor before and after hydro/gas dissection and complications were recorded.Results: Eighteen patients were treated by CA (66.7%), 7 by MWA (25.9%) and 2 by RFA (7.4%). Majority of patients were treated with a curative intent (24/27; 88.8%). Adjacent critical structures include vessels (n = 3), nerves (n = 10), ureter/renal pelvis (n = 3), bowel/rectum (n = 10), stomach: (n = 3), diaphragm (n = 2), and pleura (n = 1). Technical success was 100%. Clinical success was 88% (24/27). Median minimum distance to adjacent critical structures before hydro/gas dissection was 1 mm (range 0-9 mm; IQR: 0-3 mm) versus 10.5 mm (range 4-47 mm; IQR: 9.7-18 mm) after displacement. Of the 27 patients treated, four developed complications (14.8%; 95% CI: 1.4-28.2): 1 major (3.7%; 95% CI: 0-10.8) and 3 minors (11.1%; 95% CI: 0-23). Only one minor complication was related to inadequate hydro-dissection, resulting in close proximity of the critical structure to the ablation zone.Conclusion: HydroGuard® is a safe and effective needle when used to approach, displace and insulate nearby critical structures during TA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of a campaign video designed to promote prosocial behaviour by eliciting negative emotions on social network site (SNS) users' willingness to engage with the content in ways that require little effort (e.g. 'liking,' commenting, and sharing). Negative affect was examined as a mediator of the effect of state empathy and content engagement, and trait empathic concern and trait personal distress were examined as potential moderators of this indirect effect. Results demonstrate that state empathy with the subject of the campaign video elicited negative affect, which in turn encouraged engagement. This indirect effect was moderated by empathic concern, such that those with greater empathic concern expressed less willingness to engage with the SNS campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of MWA and IRE is not technically demanding, provided that the IRE needles are left in the tumor to simplify the planning for the insertion of the MW antennas. To the Editor: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal ablation modality whereby cell death is achieved by the irreversible opening of pores within the cellular membrane. IRE is therefore better suited for the management of central liver tumors, as it preserves the architecture of the bile ducts, thereby decreasing the risk of subsequent biliary perforation and stricture [[2]]. [Extracted from the article]

To the editor, Thermal injury to surrounding organs is a rare but potentially devastating complication following percutaneous thermal ablation of peripheral liver lesions. B Same view following levering of the stomach using two 15-G blunt-tip needles (black arrowheads) and subsequent hydrodissection shows that a clear gap between the edge of the left liver lobe (black dotted line) and the gastric wall (white dotted line) has been achieved. [Extracted from the article]

Background: A history of proliferative breast disease with atypia (PBDA) may be indicative of an increased risk not just of breast cancer but also of a more aggressive form of breast cancer.Methods: Multifocal breast cancer (MFBC), defined as 2 or more tumors in the same breast upon a diagnosis of cancer, is associated with a poorer prognosis than unifocal (single-tumor) breast cancer. PBDA, including atypical ductal hyperplasia and atypical lobular hyperplasia, is a known risk factor for breast cancer. Using New Hampshire Mammography Network data collected for 3567 women diagnosed with incident breast cancer from 2004 to 2014, this study assessed the risk of MFBC associated with a previous diagnosis of PBDA.Results: Women with a history of PBDA were found to be twice as likely to be subsequently diagnosed with MFBC as women with no history of benign breast disease (BBD; odds ratio [OR], 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-4.61). Ductal carcinoma in situ on initial biopsy was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of MFBC in comparison with invasive cancer (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.58-2.88). BBD and proliferative BBD without atypia were not associated with MFBC.Conclusions: Women with a history of previous PBDA may be at increased risk for MFBC. Women with a history of PBDA may benefit from additional presurgical clinical workup. Cancer 2018;124:1350-7. © 2017 American Cancer Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important source of protein supply for animal and human nutrition. The major storage globulins VICILIN and LEGUMIN (LEG) are synthesized from several genes including LEGA, LEGB, LEGJ and CVC (CONVICILIN). The current hypothesis is that the plant circadian core clock genes are conserved in a wide array of species and that primary metabolism is to a large extent controlled by the plant circadian clock. Our aim was to investigate a possible link between gene expression of storage proteins and the circadian clock. Results: We identified cowpea orthologues of the core clock genes VunLHY, VunTOC1, VunGI and VunELF3, the protein storage genes VunLEG, VunLEGJ, and VunCVC as well as nine candidate reference genes used in RT-PCR. ELONGATION FACTOR 1-A (ELF1A) resulted the most suitable reference gene. The clock genes VunELF3, VunGI, VunTOC1 and VunLHY showed a rhythmic expression profile in leaves with a typical evening/night and morning/midday phased expression. The diel patterns were not completely robust and only VungGI and VungELF3 retained a rhythmic pattern under free running conditions of darkness. Under field conditions, rhythmicity and phasing apparently faded during early pod and seed development and was regained in ripening pods for VunTOC1 and VunLHY. Mature seeds showed a rhythmic expression of VunGI resembling leaf tissue under controlled growth chamber conditions. Comparing time windows during developmental stages we found that VunCVC and VunLEG were significantly down regulated during the night in mature pods as compared to intermediate ripe pods, while changes in seeds were non-significant due to high variance. The rhythmic expression under field conditions was lost under growth chamber conditions. Conclusions: The core clock gene network is conserved in cowpea leaves showing a robust diel expression pattern except VunELF3 under growth chamber conditions. There appears to be a clock transcriptional reprogramming in pods and seeds compared to leaves. Storage protein deposition may be circadian regulated under field conditions but the strong environmental signals are not met under artificial growth conditions. Diel expression pattern in field conditions may result in better usage of energy for protein storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common wisdom holds that graphic media violence leads to antisocial outcomes. This common wisdom is reflected in the Society for Professional Journalists’ Code of Ethics. However, theory and research regarding moral emotions’ ability to increase moral sensitivity suggests that this type of negative content may be capable of yielding prosocial responses. This article describes this logic and tests its predictions in two experimental studies utilizing news footage of a mass execution conducted by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Results corroborate claims that graphic media violence can serve as a moral motivator. Higher levels of graphic violence led to stronger anger and disgust responses, which in turn predicted higher levels of (a) moral sensitivity, (b) desires for anti-ISIS interventions (including military and humanitarian efforts), and (c) eudaimonic motivations (i.e., seeking meaning in life). Important to note, no increases in negative attitudes toward Arab Muslims were observed. Theoretical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Antirrhinum genus has a considerable complexity in the scent profiles produced by different species. We have analyzed the genetic differences between A. majus and A. linkianum, two species divergent in the emission of methyl benzoate, methyl cinnamate, acetophenone, and ocimene. The genetic analysis showed that all compounds segregated in a Mendelian fashion attributable to one or two loci with simple or epistatic interactions. Several lines lacked methyl benzoate, a major Volatile Organic Compound emitted by A. majus but missing in A. linkianum. Using a candidate gene approach, we found that the BENZOIC ACID CARBOXYMETHYL TRANSFERASE from A. linkianum appeared to be a null allele as we could not detect mRNA expression. The coding region did not show significant differences that could explain the loss of expression. The intron-exon boundaries was also conserved indicating that there is no alternative splicing in A. linkianum as compared to A. majus. However, it showed multiple polymorphisms in the 5' promoter region including two insertions, one harboring an IDLE MITE transposon with additional sequences with high homology to the PLENA locus and a second one with somewhat lower homology to the regulatory region of the VENOSA locus. It also had a 778 bp deletion as compared to the A. majus BAMT promoter region. Our results show that the differences in scent emission between A. majus and A. linkianum may be traced back to single genes involved in discrete biosynthetic reactions such as benzoic acid methylation. Thus, natural variation of this complex trait maybe the result of combinations of wild type, and loss of function alleles in different genes involved in discrete VOCs biosynthesis. Furthermore, the presence of active transposable elements in the genus may account for rapid evolution and instability, raising the possibility of adaptation to local pollinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Antirrhinum comprises about 28 species with a center of origin in the Iberian Peninsula. They show an important diversity of growing niches. We have performed a comprehensive analysis of scent profiles in eight wild species, Antirrhinum linkianum, A. tortuosum, A. cirrigherum, A. latifolium, A. meonanthum, A. braun-blanquetii, A. barrelieri, and A. graniticum. We used also two laboratory inbred lines A. majus, 165E and Sippe50. We identified 63 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belonging to phenylpropanoids, benzenoids, mono- and sesquiterpenes, nitrogen-containing compounds, and aliphatic alcohols previously described in plants. Twenty-four VOCs were produced at levels higher than 2% of total VOC emission, while other VOCs were emitted in trace amounts. The absolute scent emission varied during flower maturation and species. The lowest emitting was A. meonanthum while A. tortuosum had the largest emissions. Species were clustered according to their scent profiles and the resulting dendrogram matched the current species phylogeny. However, two accessions, A. majus Sippe 50 and A. braun-blanquetii, showed development-specific changes in their VOC composition, suggesting a precise control and fine tuning of scent profiles. Cluster analysis of the different scent components failed to identify a specific synthesis pathway, indicating a key role of scent profiles as blends. There is considerable degree of chemodiversity in scent profiles in Antirrhinum. The specific developmental stage plays an important role in scent quantitative emissions. The relative robustness of the bouquets could be an adaptation to local pollinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenomics is a technology-driven approach with promising future to obtain unbiased data of biological systems. Image acquisition is relatively simple. However data handling and analysis are not as developed compared to the sampling capacities. We present a system based on machine learning (ML) algorithms and computer vision intended to solve the automatic phenotype data analysis in plant material. We developed a growth-chamber able to accommodate species of various sizes. Night image acquisition requires near infrared lightning. For the ML process, we tested three different algorithms: k-nearest neighbour (kNN), Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC), and Support Vector Machine. Each ML algorithm was executed with different kernel functions and they were trained with raw data and two types of data normalisation. Different metrics were computed to determine the optimal configuration of the machine learning algorithms. We obtained a performance of 99.31% in kNN for RGB images and a 99.34% in SVM for NIR. Our results show that ML techniques can speed up phenomic data analysis. Furthermore, both RGB and NIR images can be segmented successfully but may require different ML algorithms for segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unbiased identification of organisms by PCR reactions using universal primers followed by DNA sequencing assumes positive amplification. We used six universal loci spanning 48 plant species and quantified the bias at each step of the identification process from end point PCR to next-generation sequencing. End point amplification was significantly different for single loci and between species. Quantitative PCR revealed that Cq threshold for various loci, even within a single DNA extraction, showed 2,000-fold differences in DNA quantity after amplification. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) experiments in nine species showed significant biases towards species and specific loci using adaptor-specific primers. NGS sequencing bias may be predicted to some extent by the Cq values of qPCR amplification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gene AINTEGUMENTA ( At ANT) is an APETALA2 transcription factor in Arabidopsis activating growth downstream of auxin signalling. Lateral organ size is positively correlated with ANT expression in Arabidopsis. We tested the use of At ANT as a tool to modify floral size in two different plants used as model organisms and ornamental crops, Petunia × hybrida and Antirrhinum majus. Petunia plants expressing Ph ANT RNAi showed a decrease in Ph ANT expression correlated with smaller petal limbs. In contrast Petunia plants overexpressing At ANT had larger petal limbs. Petal tube length was less affected in down-regulation of Ph ANT or overexpression of At ANT. Overexpression of At ANT in Antirrhinum caused increased flower size via increased petal limb width and tube length. Down-regulation of Ph ANT showed an effect on cell size while overexpression of At ANT in Petunia and Antirrhinum caused significant increases in cell expansion that could explain the differences in floral organ size. The endogenous expression levels of Ph ANT and Am ANT tended to be higher in the limb than in the tube in both Antirrhinum and Petunia. At ANT overexpression caused significant Am ANT up-regulation in Antirrhinum limbs but not of Ph ANT in Petunia, indicating differences in the regulatory network. The differential effect of At ANT on limb and tube in Petunia and Antirrhinum correspond to phenotypic differences observed in natural variation in the corresponding genus indicating a relation between the phenotypic space of a genus and the effect of modified ANT levels, validating ANT as a gene to modify floral size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]