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The launches of the Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar satellites in 2014 and 2016 started a new era of high‐resolution velocity and strain rate mapping for the continents. However, multiple challenges exist in tying independently processed velocity data sets to a common reference frame and producing high‐resolution strain rate fields. We analyze Sentinel‐1 data acquired between 2014 and 2019 over the northeast Tibetan Plateau, and develop new methods to derive east and vertical velocities with ∼100 m resolution and ∼1 mm/yr accuracy across an area of 440,000 km2. By implementing a new method of combining horizontal gradients of filtered east and interpolated north velocities, we derive the first ∼1 km resolution strain rate field for this tectonically active region. The strain rate fields show concentrated shear strain along the Haiyuan and East Kunlun Faults, and local contractional strain on fault junctions, within the Qilianshan thrusts, and around the Longyangxia Reservoir. The Laohushan‐Jingtai creeping section of the Haiyuan Fault is highlighted in our data set by extremely rapid strain rates. Strain across unknown portions of the Haiyuan Fault system, including shear on the eastern extension of the Dabanshan Fault and contraction at the western flank of the Quwushan, highlight unmapped tectonic structures. In addition to the uplift across most of the lowlands, the vertical velocities also contain climatic, hydrological or anthropogenic‐related deformation signals. We demonstrate the enhanced view of large‐scale active tectonic processes provided by high‐resolution velocities and strain rates derived from Sentinel‐1 data and highlight associated wide‐ranging research applications. Plain Language Summary: The new‐generation radar satellites permit the derivation of crustal velocities in fine resolution over continental scales. With the technical advancements developed in this study, we reveal unseen details of the crustal deformation over the earthquake‐prone Hexi Corridor in the northeast corner of the Tibetan Plateau. In particular, we observe concentrated elastic loading along, and at branch points of, major earthquake‐generating faults. The ability to monitor such phenomena is important for understanding future seismic hazard as such geometrical complexities along faults are often associated with earthquake triggering and termination. We also draw attention to previously unknown structures that are rapidly deforming. This new and enhanced view of the local tectonic setting could improve local seismic hazard assessment. Last but not least, we observe climatic, hydrological and anthropogenic signals in the vertical velocity field, which are related to permafrost thawing, blocked river drainage, mining, damming and the extraction of groundwater for farming. Overall, we demonstrate the wealth of information that can be derived from the rapidly growing space‐born Earth observation data, which are destined to play an important role in shaping a more resilient world for the future. Key Points: We present new methods to mosaic line‐of‐sight velocity frames, derive Cartesian velocities, and produce high‐resolution strain‐rate mapsWe construct 440,000 km2 maps of east‐west, vertical velocities, and strain rates over NE Tibet from Sentinel‐1 interferometryWe quantify strain partitioning, measure creep rate, identify unmapped structures and climatic, hydrological and anthropogenic signals [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eastern Mediterranean is the most seismically active region in Europe due to the complex interactions of the Arabian, African, and Eurasian tectonic plates. Deformation is achieved by faulting in the brittle crust, distributed flow in the viscoelastic lower-crust and mantle, and Hellenic subduction, but the long-term partitioning of these mechanisms is still unknown. We exploit an extensive suite of geodetic observations to build a kinematic model connecting strike-slip deformation, extension, subduction, and shear localization across Anatolia and the Aegean Sea by mapping the distribution of slip and strain accumulation on major active geological structures. We find that tectonic escape is facilitated by a plate-boundary-like, trans-lithospheric shear zone extending from the Gulf of Evia to the Turkish-Iranian Plateau that underlies the surface trace of the North Anatolian Fault. Additional deformation in Anatolia is taken up by a series of smaller-scale conjugate shear zones that reach the upper mantle, the largest of which is located beneath the East Anatolian Fault. Rapid north–south extension in the western part of the system, driven primarily by Hellenic Trench retreat, is accommodated by rotation and broadening of the North Anatolian mantle shear zone from the Sea of Marmara across the north Aegean Sea, and by a system of distributed transform faults and rifts including the rapidly extending Gulf of Corinth in central Greece and the active grabens of western Turkey. Africa–Eurasia convergence along the Hellenic Arc occurs at a median rate of 49.8 mm yr–1 in a largely trench-normal direction except near eastern Crete where variably oriented slip on the megathrust coincides with mixed-mode and strike-slip deformation in the overlying accretionary wedge near the Ptolemy–Pliny–Strabo trenches. Our kinematic model illustrates the competing roles the North Anatolian mantle shear zone, Hellenic Trench, overlying mantle wedge, and active crustal faults play in accommodating tectonic indentation, slab rollback and associated Aegean extension. Viscoelastic flow in the lower crust and upper mantle dominate the surface velocity field across much of Anatolia and a clear transition to megathrust-related slab pull occurs in western Turkey, the Aegean Sea and Greece. Crustal scale faults and the Hellenic wedge contribute only a minor amount to the large-scale, regional pattern of Eastern Mediterranean interseismic surface deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2010, 41 patients ill with Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates determined to be indistinguishable by pulsed-field g electrophoresis were identified among residents of five Southwestern U.S. states. A majority of patients reported consuming complimentary samples of aged raw-milk Gouda cheese at national warehouse chain store locations; sampling Gouda cheese was significantly associated with illness (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 47). Several Gouda samples yielded the O 157:H7 outbreak strain, confirming the food vehicle and source of infections. Implicated retail food-sampling operations were inconsistently regulated among affected states, and sanitation deficiencies were common among sampling venues. Inspection of the cheese manufacturer indicated deficient sanitation practices and insufficient cheese curing times. Policymakers should continue to reexamine the adequacy and enforcement of existing rules intended to ensure the safety of raw-milk cheeses and retail food sampling. Additional research is necessary to clarify the food safety hazards posed to patrons who consume free food samples while shopping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) is synthesized by two groups of neurons, one in the subparafascicular area at the caudal end of the thalamus and the other in the medial paralemniscal nucleus within the lateral brainstem. The subparafascicular TIP39 neurons project to a number of brain regions involved in emotional responses, and these regions contain a matching distribution of a receptor for TIP39, the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2-R). We have now evaluated the involvement of TIP39 in anxiety-related behaviors using mice with targeted null mutation of the TIP39 gene ( Tifp39). Tifp39−/− mice (TIP39-KO) did not significantly differ from wild-type (WT) littermates in the open field, light/dark exploration and elevated plus-maze assays under standard test conditions. However, the TIP39-KO engaged in more active defensive burying in the shock-probe test. In addition, when tested under high illumination or after restraint, TIP39-KO displayed significantly greater anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze than WT. In a Pavlovian fear-conditioning paradigm, TIP39-KO froze more than WT during training and during tone and context recall but showed normal fear extinction. Disruption of TIP39 projections to the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hypothalamus and amygdala likely account for the fear- and anxiety-related phenotype of TIP39-KO. Current data support the hypothesis that TIP39 modulates anxiety-related behaviors following environmental provocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTA1) Polymorphisms and Outcomes After Treatment for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Pharmacogenetics in Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) Clinical Trials" that was published in a previous issue.