Search

To mitigate the incidence of waterlogging to livelihoods and property security, a combination of management measures has been necessary to achieve optimal benefits, reducing the risk caused by waterlogging to the development of the urban ecology. Thus, this study aims to analyze the sensitivity and sensitivity range of management measures under different rainfall conditions, focusing on establishing a foundation for their combined implementation. Based on different rainfall scenarios, the modified Morris method is employed to assess the sensitivity of key factors and subsequently determine their respective sensitivity ranges. The findings reveal that the sensitivity rankings for total overflow volume and maximum pipe flow are as follows: pipe volume per hectare (PV-H), proportion of impervious area (P-Imperv), and slope. Additionally, analyzing the variation pattern of sensitivity with factors highlight the high sensitivity ranges. As for total overflow volume, a very high sensitivity is observed when the P-Imperv ranges from 36.8% to 82.7% (Niujiaolong community) and from 82.7% to 94.5% (Zhuyuan community). Similarly, when PV-H is less than 148 (Niujiaolong community) and 89.6 (Zhuyuan community), the sensitivity of PV-H to total overflow volume is very high. Nevertheless, the slope had a lower influence on the sensitivity in the study areas. These findings provide a complete analysis of the management measures sensitivity, which can be valuable for creating optimal urban waterlogging management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is an economically important soil-borne disease that threatens Brassicaceae crops worldwide. In recent years, the incidence area of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) clubroot disease has increased, which severely affects the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. The resistance of varieties harboring the single clubroot-resistance (CR) gene is easily broken through by P. brassicae pathotypes. CRa and CRd, genetically identified in B. rapa, are CR genes known to be highly resistant to different P. brassicaea pathotypes. In our study, we perform the gene pyramiding of CRa and CRd in Chinese cabbages through marker-assisted selection (MAS), and develop homozygous pyramided lines. The newly generated pyramided lines exhibit greater resistance to six different pathotypes than that of two parental lines carrying a single CR gene. This study provides new CR-gene-pyramided lines for the development of clubroot-resistant Brassica varieties for future breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airflow induced by femtosecond laser (800 nm/1 kHz/25 fs) filamentation with different lengths was investigated in a laboratory cloud chamber. Various filament lengths were generated by adjusting laser energy and lens focal length. It was found that airflow patterns are closely related to filament intensity and length. Intense and long filaments are beneficial in updraft generation with large vortices above the filament, while intense and short filaments tend to promote the formation of well-contacted vortices below the filament. Differently patterned airflows induced elliptical snow piles with different masses. We simulated airflow in a cloud chamber numerically taking laser filaments as heat sources. The mechanisms of differently patterned airflow and snow formation induced by filaments were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]