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Optical computing has been proven to have the ability to process information with ultra‐high speed. Here, an all‐optical feature extraction system via sparse representation (AFE‐SR) is introduced. The AFE‐SR, which is achieved by multiple diffractive optical elements (DOEs), can realize the recognition of generated physical fields with the speed of light. The sparse representation simplifies the target and improves the recognition accuracy. With the mathematical analysis principle of sparse optical features extraction and optical integration, the identification accuracy of the generation of physical fields is 100% in 2100 frames of the experimental videos. The application field of optical computing systems is extended to state recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skeletal muscles are vital for daily function, yet assessing their injuries remain challenging. We aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of 68Ga-FAPI-04 in evaluating skeletal muscle remodeling. Results: C2C12 cells were subjected to graded H2O2 stimulation in vitro, revealing an initial rise and subsequent decline in fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression as H2O2 concentration increased. In vivo, a murine triceps surae injury model was created using various solutions to simulate normal repair, mild repair failure, and severe repair failure. Assessments were conducted on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 using PET, MRI, and ultrasound. With 68Ga-FAPI-04, the normal and mild repair failure groups showed significantly higher SUVmax and T/B ratios on day 1 compared to the severe repair failure group. These values gradually decreased in the normal repair group, becoming negligible after day 7. MRI results for the normal repair group showed low to moderate signal intensity by day 7. A clinical study retrospectively evaluated post-hip arthroplasty patient images at intervals of 1 month, 2–3 months, 5–6 months, and over 7 months. In these patients, 18F-FDG SUVmax and volume remained relatively stable over time, while 68Ga-FAPI-04 SUVmax initially increased, then decreased, with a consistent reduction in volume. Conclusion: In skeletal muscle injuries, FAP demonstrates a distinctive mechanism of action, and 68Ga-FAPI-04, in comparison to other tests, more precisely captures alterations in lesion site uptake intensity and volume. Trial registration: Trial registration: ChiCTR2000041204. Registered 22 December 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=66211 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decoupling of phase and polarization is significant for multidimensional light manipulation. However, this requires traditional cascaded and parallel optical elements, resulting in a bulky and complex system. Metasurfaces can potentially replace complex optical modules as novel ultrathin planar optical elements. Herein, an ultrathin single‐layer metasurface is proposed to decouple the phase and polarization based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase. The rotation angles of the two nanofins are employed to manipulate the phase and polarization independently, significantly simplifying the design process. Diffraction‐limited focusing with a degree of linear polarization higher than 95% is achieved for wavelengths in the 405–633 nm range. Furthermore, a metasurface can arbitrarily manipulate the relative intensity between different channels. The intensity ratio is adjusted from 0.12 to 6.62. These results will pave the way for miniaturized, integrated, and multi‐channel optical elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In public–private partnership (PPP) projects, private sponsors collaborate to manage and implement project tasks through shareholder agreements and subcontracts. It is important to recognize that relying exclusively on contractual arrangements may not guarantee effective collaboration. Additional informal contractual mechanisms, such as trust and reputation, which are embedded in social connections among sponsors, should be considered. However, the existing literature lacks sufficient information on the relationship between social connections and informal contracts. This study employs social network analysis (SNA) and binomial logistic regression analyses to investigate how highway PPP sponsors form ties in dynamic social networks. Specially, it examines four distinct tie-formation mechanisms, including expertise difference, repeated collaboration, preferential attachment, and multiconnectivity. The findings indicate that the sponsor networks exhibited typical characteristics of small-world networks, such as high clustering and short average distance. Moreover, small-world networks showed an evolutionary trajectory characterized by an inverted U-shaped trend. Binomial logistic regression analyses reveal that repeated collaboration and multiconnectivity significantly impact formation of ties between sponsors in both the growth and decline phases. Preferential attachment has limited effects, whereas the impacts of expertise difference vary during growth and decline phases. This study contributes to the current body of knowledge on PPPs by examining the effects of the dynamic network structure of PPP sponsors on their tie formation strategies during different phases. Particularly, these strategies provide new insight into the origins of informal contractual mechanisms. The findings offer valuable evidence for private sponsors in partner selection and strategy development for long-term market viability. Furthermore, these findings provide direction for governmental intervention in regulating PPP markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the global economy's relentless growth and heightened environmental consciousness, sustainable maritime transport emerges as a pivotal development trajectory for the shipping sector. This study systematically analyzes 478 publications searched in the Web of Science Core Collection, from 2000 to 2023, utilizing bibliometric methods to investigate the application areas in sustainable development within the shipping industry. This study begins with an analysis of annual publication trends, which reveals a substantial expansion in research endeavors within this discipline over recent years. Subsequently, a comprehensive statistical evaluation of scholarly journals and a collaborative network assessment are conducted to pinpoint the foremost productive journals, nations, organizations, and individual researchers. Furthermore, a keyword co-occurrence methodology is applied to delineate the core research themes and emerging focal points within this domain, thereby outlining potential research directions for future research. In addition, drawing on the keyword co-occurrence analysis, the advancements in intelligent shipping technologies and green port construction applications within sustainable maritime transport are discussed. Finally, the review discusses the existing challenges and opportunities of sustainable maritime transport from a theoretical and practical perspective. The research shows that, in terms of intelligent shipping technology, data security and multi-source data are the focus that people need to pay attention to in the future; a trajectory prediction for different climates and different ship types is also an area for future research. In terms of green ports, Cold Ironing (CI) is one of the key points of the green port strategy, and how to drive stakeholders to build sustainable green ports efficiently and economically is the future developmental direction. This review serves to enhance researchers' comprehension of the current landscape and progression trajectory of intelligent shipping technologies, thereby fostering the continued advancement and exploration in this vital domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skeletal muscles are vital for daily function, yet assessing their injuries remain challenging. We aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of 68Ga-FAPI-04 in evaluating skeletal muscle remodeling. Results: C2C12 cells were subjected to graded H2O2 stimulation in vitro, revealing an initial rise and subsequent decline in fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression as H2O2 concentration increased. In vivo, a murine triceps surae injury model was created using various solutions to simulate normal repair, mild repair failure, and severe repair failure. Assessments were conducted on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 using PET, MRI, and ultrasound. With 68Ga-FAPI-04, the normal and mild repair failure groups showed significantly higher SUVmax and T/B ratios on day 1 compared to the severe repair failure group. These values gradually decreased in the normal repair group, becoming negligible after day 7. MRI results for the normal repair group showed low to moderate signal intensity by day 7. A clinical study retrospectively evaluated post-hip arthroplasty patient images at intervals of 1 month, 2–3 months, 5–6 months, and over 7 months. In these patients, 18F-FDG SUVmax and volume remained relatively stable over time, while 68Ga-FAPI-04 SUVmax initially increased, then decreased, with a consistent reduction in volume. Conclusion: In skeletal muscle injuries, FAP demonstrates a distinctive mechanism of action, and 68Ga-FAPI-04, in comparison to other tests, more precisely captures alterations in lesion site uptake intensity and volume. Trial registration: Trial registration: ChiCTR2000041204. Registered 22 December 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=66211 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developmental plasticity of the root system plays an essential role in the adaptation of plants to the environment. Among many other signals, auxin and its directional, intercellular transport are critical in regulating root growth and development. In particular, the PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) auxin exporter acts as a key regulator of root gravitropic growth. Multiple regulators have been reported to be involved in PIN2-mediated root growth; however, our information remains incomplete. Here, we identified ROWY Bro1-domain proteins as important regulators of PIN2 sorting control. Genetic analysis revealed that Arabidopsis rowy1 single mutants and higher-order rowy1 rowy2 rowy3 triple mutants presented a wavy root growth phenotype. Cell biological experiments revealed that ROWY1 and PIN2 colocalized to the apical side of the plasma membrane in the root epidermis and that ROWYs are required for correct PM targeting of PIN2. In addition, ROWYs also affected PIN3 protein abundance in the stele, suggesting the potential involvement of additional PIN transporters as well as other proteins. A global transcriptome analysis revealed that ROWY genes are involved in the Fe2+ availability perception pathway. This work establishes ROWYs as important novel regulators of root gravitropic growth by connecting micronutrient availability to the proper subcellular targeting of PIN auxin transporters. A study on the PIN2 auxin exporter identifies the ROWY BRO1-domain proteins as important regulators of PIN2 sorting control as well as PIN3 abundance, which both affect auxin transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inter-satellite laser ranging interferometer is one of the core components of future gravity missions to achieve high ranging precision. This work builds a preliminary breadboard of the off-axis optical bench design, which integrates the merits of the off-axis optical bench design of GRACE Follow-On mission and other on-axis designs. The study finds that the displacement noise between two optical benches has been reduced to 20 n m / Hz at a frequency of 10 mHz, and the differential wavefront sensing noise has been suppressed to 1 0 − 5 rad / Hz at 1 kHz as well. In addition, the tilt-to-length coupling noise related to the piston effect is restricted within 30 μm/rad, and the relative parallelism error of the transmitting beam and receiving beam is less than 4.5%. The results show that this off-axis optical bench design is an important candidate for China's future gravity missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impact detecting and counting are fundamental functions of fuses used in hard target penetration weapons. However, detection failure caused by battery breakdown in high-g acceleration environments poses a vulnerability for such weapons. This paper introduces a novel supercapacitor that combines energy storage and high-g impact detection, called self-sensing supercapacitor. By deliberately inducing a transient soft short-circuit during shock in the supercapacitor, it is possible to detect external impact by its transient voltage drop. To realize this concept, firstly, by introducing the contact theory and force-induced percolation model, the electrode strength and roughness are found to have key impacts on the formation of soft circuits. Subsequently, to meet the needs for sensitivity and capacity, a high-density porous carbon (HDPC) that combines high mechanical strength and porosity, is selected as a suitable candidate based on the analysis results. Furthermore, a two-step curing method is proposed to prepare the high-roughness HDPC (HRHDPC) electrode and to assemble the self-sensing supercapacitor. Due to the rich specific surface of the electrodes and the high surface strength and roughness conducive to the formation of transient soft short circuits, the self-sensing supercapacitor not only possesses an excellent specific capacitance (171 F/g at 0.5 A/g) but also generates significant voltage response signals when subjected to high-g impacts ranging from 8000g to 31,000g. Finally, the self-sensing supercapacitor is applied to compose a successive high-g impact counting system and compared to traditional solutions (sensors and tantalum capacitors) in the military fuzes. The results show that the self-sensing supercapacitor-based system exhibits advantages in terms of size, power consumption, and counting accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioderived carbon materials have garnered considerable interest in the fields of microwave absorption and shielding due to their reproducibility and environmental friendliness. In this study, KOH was evenly distributed on biomass Tremella using the swelling induction method, leading to the preparation of a three-dimensional network-structured hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) through carbonization. The achieved microwave absorption intensity is robust at −47.34 dB with a thin thickness of 2.1 mm. Notably, the widest effective absorption bandwidth, reaching 7.0 GHz (11–18 GHz), is attained at a matching thickness of 2.2 mm. The exceptional broadband and reflection loss performance are attributed to the 3D porous networks, interface effects, carbon network defects, and dipole relaxation. HPC has outstanding absorption characteristics due to its excellent impedance matching and high attenuation constant. The uniform pore structures considerably optimize the impedance-matching performance of the material, while the abundance of interfaces and defects enhances the dielectric loss, thereby improving the attenuation constant. Furthermore, the impact of carbonization temperature and swelling rate on microwave absorption performance was systematically investigated. This research presents a strategy for preparing absorbing materials using biomass-derived HPC, showcasing considerable potential in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of women worldwide. Licochalcone A (LA), a natural compound with diverse biological activities, holds promise as a protective agent against Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection. This study aims to investigate the potential of LA to safeguard vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) from C. albicans infection and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. To simulate VVC in vitro, VK2-E6E7 cells were infected with C. albicans. Candida albicans biofilm formation, C. albicans adhesion to VK2-E6E7 cells, and C. albicans-induced cell damage and inflammatory responses were assessed by XTT reduction assay, fluorescence assay, LDH assay, and ELISA. CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of LA on VK2-E6E7 cells. Western blotting assay was performed to detect protein expression. LA dose-dependently hindered C. albicans biofilm formation and adhesion to VK2-E6E7 cells. Furthermore, LA mitigated cell damage, inhibited the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and attenuated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in C. albicans-induced VK2-E6E7 cells. The investigation into LA's impact on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway revealed that LA downregulated TLR4 expression and inhibited NF-κB activation in C. albicans-infected VK2-E6E7 cells. Furthermore, TLR4 overexpression partially abated LA-mediated protection, further highlighting the role of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. LA holds the potential to safeguard VECs against C. albicans infection, potentially offering therapeutic avenues for VVC management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lift force of a T-foil, which varies with ship motion, can counteract the wave exciting force during wave encounters. The phase difference between the periodic lift force and the wave exciting force significantly impacts the T-foil's effectiveness. This study investigates the phase difference between lift force and motion to optimize the control equation for the T-foil's angle, thereby reducing negative feedback. The T-foil's hydrodynamic performance is first calculated using computational fluid dynamics. Time-domain calculations of the phase lag between lift force and motion under open-loop control in still water are then used to determine the dimensionless phase lag of the T-foil's angle at various frequencies, facilitating further optimization of the control method. Finally, calculations of trimaran heave and pitch in regular waves are conducted. The results demonstrate that, under phase lag control, the T-foil's lift force phase precedes ship motion by approximately 0.2 s, reducing hysteresis in the anti-vertical motion effect. Comparisons of vertical hull motions between different control methods reveal a 20% reduction in vertical motion with phase lag control compared to pitch control. This study concludes that phase lag is a crucial factor in T-foil control optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has emerged as a potential intervention to improve post–total hysterectomy (TH) sexual function. Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback is an adjunct that may improve outcomes. Aim In this study we aimed to compare the EMG biofeedback–assisted PFMT and PFMT alone for improving sexual function in women after TH. Methods For this prospective study we enrolled women undergoing TH in our hospital between January 2022 and April 2023. Participants were divided according to the treatment they selected: EMG biofeedback–assisted PFMT or PFMT alone. Outcomes The primary study outcome was change in patient sexual function evaluated by use of the Female Sexual Function Index. Secondary outcomes were changes in anxiety and depression evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score and pelvic floor muscle strength was evaluated with the Glazer assessment performed from before to after treatment. Results A total of 73 patients were included, with 38 patients treated with Electromyographic biofeedback–assisted pelvic floor muscle training. After treatment, sexual function was significantly improved compared to baseline in all patients (all P  < .001). Compared to patients with pelvic floor muscle training, the changes in total Female Sexual Function Index scores from before to after treatment in patients with Electromyographic biofeedback–assisted pelvic floor muscle training were significantly higher (all P  < .05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the changes in the Glazer score and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores from before to after treatment (both P  > .05). Clinical Translation The results demonstrate that Electromyographic biofeedback–assisted pelvic floor muscle training may be used to improve the sexual function of patients following TH. Strengths and Limitations This study is limited by its single-center design, small sample size, lack of randomization, and absence of estrogen monitoring in enrolled participants. Conclusions Electromyographic biofeedback–assisted pelvic floor muscle training appears to be more effective than pelvic floor muscle training alone in improving sexual function among patients after total hysterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Modified Mohr–Coulomb criterion has been demonstrated to exhibit high accuracy in the prediction of fracture in high-strength steels. Taking DP780 as the research object, the undetermined parameters of the Modified Mohr–Coulomb criterion at different temperatures were calibrated by tensile and shear tests combined with simulation. The relationships between the parameters and temperature were investigated. Finally, the relationship between criterion parameters and temperature was verified using the stretch-bending tests of U-shape parts. The fracture of automotive parts can be accurately predicted by simulation during warm stamping, thereby guiding actual production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing GAN-based generative methods are typically used for semantic image synthesis. We pose the question of whether GAN-based architectures can generate plausible depth maps and find that existing methods have difficulty in generating depth maps which reasonably represent 3D scene structure due to the lack of global geometric correlations. Thus, we propose DepthGAN, a novel method of generating a depth map using a semantic layout as input to aid construction, and manipulation of well-structured 3D scene point clouds. Specifically, we first build a feature generation model with a cascade of semantically-aware transformer blocks to obtain depth features with global structural information. For our semantically aware transformer block, we propose a mixed attention module and a semantically aware layer normalization module to better exploit semantic consistency for depth features generation. Moreover, we present a novel semantically weighted depth synthesis module, which generates adaptive depth intervals for the current scene. We generate the final depth map by using a weighted combination of semantically aware depth weights for different depth ranges. In this manner, we obtain a more accurate depth map. Extensive experiments on indoor and outdoor datasets demonstrate that DepthGAN achieves superior results both quantitatively and visually for the depth generation task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metasurface is a new type of micro-optical element developed in recent years. It can intelligently modulate electromagnetic waves by adjusting the geometrical parameters and arrangement of dielectric structures. In this paper, a bifocal metalens based on modulation of propagation phase was designed for the potential application in displacement measurement. The phase of the bifocal lens is designed by the optical holography-like method, which is verified by the scalar diffraction theory. We designed a square aperture lens with a side length of 200 μ m to realize two focal spots with focal lengths of 900 and 1100 μ m. The two focal spots aren't on one optical axis. The polarization insensitive TiO2 cylinders are chosen as structure units. Four structures with different radius were selected to achieve the four phase steps. We fabricated the designed bifocal metalens using electron beam lithography and atomic layer deposition techniques, and measured the light intensity in the areas near the two foci in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The differential signal was calculated, from which we obtained a linear interval. It demonstrates the ability of bifocal differential measurement to be applied to displacement measurement. Because the metasurfaces production process is semiconductor compatible, the bifocal lens is easy to integrate and can be used for miniaturized displacement measurements, micro-resonators, acceleration measurements, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigar tobacco residues are a special air-cured tobacco material with increasing production in domestic. In this present study, the effect of glycerol addition on the pyrolysis characteristic, kinetic behavior, and release of pyrolytic products was investigated by using thermogravimetry coupled with online FTIR and self-built infrared tubular furnace. The thermal weight loss process of cigar tobacco could be divided into four stages, and the glycerol exhibited significant impact on the pyrolysis process. The stage II corresponding the decomposition of volatile components and hemicellulose shifted to the lower temperature accompanied with an increase of DTGmax and weight loss at this stage. The Ti, Tf, and residues were decreased, while the CPI was increased as for the CT-G sample, indicating an increased reactivity and comprehensive pyrolysis performance. Gauss peak fitting was used to separate the pyrolysis process of different pseudocomponents in the tobacco biomass. Pyrolysis kinetic analysis based on Coats-Redfern method showed that the activation energy for the decomposition of each pseudocomponents decreased after the addition of glycerol. The online FTIR and MS analysis also reflected the interaction between glycerol and biomass through the release of pyrolytic gaseous products. GC–MS was further used to analyze the compositions of pyrolytic products in the trapped particulate matter under different heating rates. High heating rate was beneficial for the sufficient release of pyrolysis products and aroma compounds. The glycerol addition inhibited the generation of alkaloids, phenols, esters, ketones, acids, and heterocyclic compounds, indicating some effect may exist between cigar tobacco and glycerol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periphyton is a complex community composed of diverse prokaryotes and eukaryotes; understanding the characteristics of microbial communities within periphyton becomes crucial for biogeochemical cycles and energy dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. To further elucidate the community characteristics of periphyton across varied aquatic habitats, including unpolluted ecologically restored lakes, aquaculture ponds, and areas adjacent to domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plant outfalls, we explored the composition and diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in periphyton by employing Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Our findings indicated that the prokaryotic communities were predominantly composed of Proteobacteria (40.92%), Bacteroidota (21.01%), and Cyanobacteria (10.12%), whereas the eukaryotic communities were primarily characterized by the dominance of Bacillariophyta (24.09%), Chlorophyta (20.83%), and Annelida (15.31%). Notably, Flavobacterium emerged as a widely distributed genus among the prokaryotic community. Unclassified_Tobrilidae exhibited higher abundance in unpolluted ecologically restored lakes. Chaetogaster and Nais were enriched in aquaculture ponds and domestic wastewater treatment plant outfall area, respectively, while Surirella and Gomphonema dominated industrial sewage treatment plant outfall area. The alpha diversity of eukaryotes was higher in unpolluted ecologically restored lakes. pH and nitrogen content ( NO 2 - - N , NO 3 - - N , and TN) significantly explained the variations for prokaryotic and eukaryotic community structures, respectively. Eukaryotic communities exhibited a more pronounced response to habitat variations compared to prokaryotic communities. Moreover, the association networks revealed an intensive positive correlation between dominant Bacillariophyta and Bacteroidota. This study provided useful data for identifying keystone species and understanding their ecological functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics leaching from aging biodegradable plastics pose potential environmental threats. This study used response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the impact of temperature, light, and humidity on the aging characteristics of polylactic acid (PLA). Key evaluation metrics included the C/O ratio, functional groups, crystallinity, surface topography, and mechanical properties. Humidity was discovered to have the greatest effect on the ageing of PLA, followed by light and temperature. The interactions between temperature and light, as well as humidity and sunlight, significantly impact the aging of PLA. XPS analysis revealed PLA underwent aging due to the cleavage of the ester bond (O–C=O), resulting in the addition of C=O and C–O. The aging process of PLA was characterized by alterations in surface morphology and augmentation in crystallinity, resulting in a decline in both tensile strength and elongation. These findings might offer insights into the aging behavior of degradable plastics under diverse environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins (SARPs) are widely distributed activators of antibiotic biosynthesis. Streptomyces coelicolor AfsR is an SARP regulator with an additional nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) and a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures and in vitro assays to demonstrate how the SARP domain activates transcription and how it is modulated by NOD and TPR domains. The structures of transcription initiation complexes (TICs) show that the SARP domain forms a side-by-side dimer to simultaneously engage the afs box overlapping the −35 element and the σHrdB region 4 (R4), resembling a sigma adaptation mechanism. The SARP extensively interacts with the subunits of the RNA polymerase (RNAP) core enzyme including the β-flap tip helix (FTH), the β′ zinc-binding domain (ZBD), and the highly flexible C-terminal domain of the α subunit (αCTD). Transcription assays of full-length AfsR and truncated proteins reveal the inhibitory effect of NOD and TPR on SARP transcription activation, which can be eliminated by ATP binding. In vitro phosphorylation hardly affects transcription activation of AfsR, but counteracts the disinhibition of ATP binding. Overall, our results present a detailed molecular view of how AfsR serves to activate transcription. Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins (SARPs) are widely distributed activators of antibiotic biosynthesis. This study combines cryo-EM structures with biochemical assays to explain how the Streptomyces coelicolor SARP AfsR activates transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root‐associated microbes play an indispensable role in helping plants obtain phosphorus (P) from soil. However, the relationships among soil P content, wheat root‐associated microorganisms, and plants are still not fully understood. Therefore, revealing the effects of soil P content on the root‐associated microbes in different crop varieties at different growth stages is important for plant nutrient management. In this study, the variations of prokaryotic communities were investigated in the endosphere and rhizosphere of three wheat varieties growing in soils with different P content and at different growth stages. The key findings indicated that compartment niche and growth stage were the primary factors to shape wheat root‐associated prokaryotic community assembly under different soil P contents. Soil P content mainly affected the prokaryotic community in rhizosphere rather than in endosphere. The effects of soil P content on root‐associated prokaryotic communities in different wheat varieties were different and varied with the growth stage. Under low P treatment, there was greater variation in prokaryotic communities among varieties. In addition, compared with that in P‐deficient soil, wheat rhizosphere enriched more taxa and functions related to plant growth in the P‐sufficient soil. P‐efficient variety (ZGC) enriched more genera that were positively related to plant growth in P‐sufficient soil. This study comprehensively revealed the influences of soil P content on wheat root‐associated prokaryotic communities, and the relationships among soil P content, wheat root‐associated prokaryotic community, and plant. Core Ideas: The effect of phosphorus (P) content on wheat root‐associated prokaryotic community depends on the growth stage and variety.Low P stress exacerbates community variation among varieties.P addition promotes the formation of mutually beneficial relationships between microorganisms and plants.P‐efficient variety enriches more potential beneficial genera in P‐sufficient soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humic‐like substances (HULIS) are a ubiquitous reactive component of atmospheric aerosol. They participate in the formation of secondary organic aerosols via chemical reactions with atmospheric oxidants. Here, we assess the influence of transition metal ions (namely ferric iron, Fe(III)), and nitrate ions (NO3− ${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}$) on the heterogeneous reaction of gaseous NO2 with an aqueous film containing gallic acid (GA) or tannic acid (TA) as proxies for HULIS. Using a vertical wetted wall flow tube technique, the uptake coefficients of gaseous NO2 on GA and TA increased nonlinearly with increasing [Fe(III)], in dark and under light irradiation. However, the combined effect of both ions, Fe(III) and NO3− ${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}$, led to a substantial decrease in NO2 uptake in the dark and under simulated near‐UV sunlight irradiation (300 < λ < 400 nm). The lifetime of GA in dilute aqueous phase, which corresponds to cloud water, due to reaction with NO2 would be 6 hr during both nighttime and daytime. However, the lifetime of GA in aerosol particles which contain both ions, that is, Fe(III) and NO3− ${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}$, would increase to 27 hr during nighttime and 11 days and 6 hr due to light‐induced reaction with NO2. Also, we observed, using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, the formation of nitrocatechols compounds (e.g., methyl‐nitrocatechol), which contribute to brown carbon. Compounds with reduced functional groups such as amines were also observed in the presence of iron and nitrate ions in the dark and under irradiation, indicating that Fe(III) and NO3− ${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}$, can influence the kinetics and product distribution in deliquescent aerosol particles. Plain Language Summary: Biomass burning is one of the main sources of humic‐like substances (HULIS) in the aerosol particles covering a large fraction of the water‐soluble organic carbon. Here we assessed the impact of nitrate and iron ions on the uptake coefficients of NO2 on gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA) as HULIS proxies. The uptake coefficients and consequently the atmospheric lifetimes were dramatically impacted by the presence of nitrate and iron ions. The analysis of the formed product compounds in the condensed phase by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry indicates that the presence of nitrate and iron ions largely impact the observed nitrogen‐containing organic compounds formed during the reaction of NO2 with GA. Majority of the formed compounds contain reduced nitrogen‐functional groups such as amines, amides, and imines. We identified the formation of nitroaromatics with at least one nitro functional group attached directly to a benzene ring, like 5‐Nitroguaiacol, 4‐methyl‐5‐nitrocatechol. These compounds, can cause positive radiative forcing of aerosols due to their light‐absorbing properties. Key Points: Uptake coefficients of gas phase NO2 on humic‐like substances proxies in aerosol particles are largely impacted by nitrate and iron ionsFormation of nitrogen containing product compounds in aerosols are impacted by nitrate and iron ions compared to that in cloud waterFormation of nitrocatechols like methyl‐nitrocatechol, which contribute to brown carbon is observed upon influence of nitrate and iron ions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structured light projection provides a promising approach to achieving fast and non-contact three-dimensional (3D) imaging. The resolution is a crucial index that represents security and accuracy in applications such as face recognition and robot vision. It depends on the density of dots in the projection. However, further improving the density of dots in the current system must be at the cost of speed or volume. Here, an all-dielectric ultra-thin metasurface is designed and fabricated to project a multi-wavelength dot array. The density of dots is improved because projected dots with different wavelengths fill the gaps with each other. The experimental results demonstrate that the multi-wavelength projection improves the resolution of 3D imaging. Furthermore, the multi-wavelength system is beneficial to measuring a surface with varying colors. The approach has the potential to achieve a new generation of high-resolution systems for tiny fluctuations and colorful 3D imaging in dark environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mapping target crops before the harvest season for regions lacking crop-specific ground truth is critical for global food security. Utilizing multispectral remote sensing and domain adaptation methods, prior studies strive to produce precise crop maps in these regions (target domain) with the help of the crop-specific labelled remote sensing data from the source regions (source domain). However, existing approaches assume identical label spaces across those domains, a challenge often unmet in reality, necessitating a more adaptable solution. This paper introduces the Multiple Crop Mapping Generative Adversarial Neural Network (MultiCropGAN) model, comprising a generator, discriminator, and classifier. The generator transforms target domain data into the source domain, employing identity losses to retain the characteristics of the target data. The discriminator aims to distinguish them and shares the structure and weights with the classifier, which locates crops in the target domain using the generator's output. This model's novel capability lies in locating target crops within the target domain, overcoming differences in crop type label spaces between the target and source domains. In experiments, MultiCropGAN is benchmarked against various baseline methods. Notably, when facing differing label spaces, MultiCropGAN significantly outperforms other baseline methods. The Overall Accuracy is improved by about 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unlike the adult meniscus, the fetal meniscus possesses robust healing capacity. The dense and stiff matrix of the adult meniscus provides a biophysical barrier for cell migration, which is not present in the fetal meniscus. Inspired by developmental characteristics, modifying the matrix of the adult meniscus into a fetal-like, loose and soft microenvironment holds opportunity to facilitate repair, especially in the avascular zone. Hypothesis: Modifying the dense and stiff matrix of the adult meniscus into a fetal-like, loose and soft microenvironment could enhance cell migration to the tear interface and subsequent robust healing capacity. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Fresh porcine menisci were treated with hyaluronidase or collagenase. The density and arrangement of collagen fibers were assessed. The degradation of proteoglycans and collagen was evaluated histologically. Cell migration within the meniscus or the infiltration of exogenous cells into the meniscus was examined. Dendritic silica nanoparticles with relatively large pores were used to encapsulate hyaluronidase for rapid release. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with relatively small pores were used to encapsulate transforming growth factor–beta 3 (TGF-β3) for slow release. A total of 24 mature male rabbits were included. A longitudinal vertical tear (0.5 cm in length) was prepared in the avascular zone of the medial meniscus. The tear was repaired with suture, repaired with suture in addition to blank silica nanoparticles, or repaired with suture in addition to silica nanoparticles releasing hyaluronidase and TGF-β3. Animals were sacrificed at 12 months postoperatively. Meniscal repair was evaluated macroscopically and histologically. Results: The gaps between collagen bundles increased after hyaluronidase treatment, while collagenase treatment resulted in collagen disruption. Proteoglycans degraded after hyaluronidase treatment in a dose-dependent manner, but collagen integrity was maintained. Hyaluronidase treatment enhanced the migration and infiltration of cells within meniscal tissue. Last, the application of fibrin gel and the delivery system of silica nanoparticles encapsulating hyaluronidase and TGF-β3 enhanced meniscal repair responses in an orthotopic longitudinal vertical tear model. Conclusion: The gradient release of hyaluronidase and TGF-β3 removed biophysical barriers for cell migration, creating a fetal-like, loose and soft microenvironment, and enhanced the fibrochondrogenic phenotype of reparative cells, facilitating the synthesis of matrix and tissue integration. Clinical Relevance: Modifying the adult matrix into a fetal-like, loose and soft microenvironment via the local gradient release of hyaluronidase and TGF-β3 enhanced the healing capacity of the meniscus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the massive access to distributed energy resources, an increasing number of users have transformed into prosumers with the functions of producing, storing, and consuming electric energy. Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, as a new way to allow direct energy transactions between prosumers, is becoming increasingly widespread. How to determine the trading strategy of prosumers participating in P2P energy trading while the strategy can satisfy multiple optimization objectives simultaneously is a crucial problem to be solved. To this end, this paper introduces the demand response mechanism and applies the dissatisfaction function to represent the electricity consumption of prosumers. The mid-market rate price is adopted to attract more prosumers to participate in P2P energy trading. The P2P energy trading process among multiple prosumers in the community is constructed as a Markov decision process. We design the method of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve the optimal trading policy of prosumers. DRL, by engaging in continual interactions with the environment, autonomously learns the optimal strategies. Additionally, the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm is well-suited for handling the continuous and intricate decision problems that arise in the P2P energy trading market. Through the judicious construction of a reinforcement learning environment, this paper achieves multi-objective collaborative optimization. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm and model reduce costs by 16.5%, compared to the transaction between prosumers and grid, and can effectively decrease the dependence of prosumers on the main grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In George Wald's Nobel Prize acceptance speech for "discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye", he noted that events after the activation of rhodopsin are too slow to explain visual reception. Photoreceptor membrane phosphoglycerides contain near-saturation amounts of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The visual response to a photon is a retinal cis–trans isomerization. The trans-state is lower in energy; hence, a quantum of energy is released equivalent to the sum of the photon and cis–trans difference. We hypothesize that DHA traps this energy, and the resulting hyperpolarization extracts the energized electron, which depolarizes the membrane and carries a function of the photon's energy (wavelength) to the brain. There, it contributes to the creation of the vivid images of our world that we see in our consciousness. This proposed revision to the visual process provides an explanation for these previously unresolved issues around the speed of information transfer and the purity of conservation of a photon's wavelength and supports observations of the unique and indispensable role of DHA in the visual process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mapping target crops earlier than the harvest period is an essential task for improving agricultural productivity and decision-making. This paper presents a new method for early crop mapping for the entire conterminous USA (CONUS) land area using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data with a dynamic ecoregion clustering approach. Ecoregions, geographically distinct areas with unique ecological patterns and processes, provide a valuable framework for large-scale crop mapping. We conducted our dynamic ecoregion clustering by analyzing soil, climate, elevation, and slope data. This analysis facilitated the division of the cropland area within the CONUS into distinct ecoregions. Unlike static ecoregion clustering, which generates a single ecoregion map that remains unchanged over time, our dynamic ecoregion approach produces a unique ecoregion map for each year. This dynamic approach enables us to consider the year-to-year climate variations that significantly impact crop growth, enhancing the accuracy of our crop mapping process. Subsequently, a Random Forest classifier was employed to train individual models for each ecoregion. These models were trained using the time-series MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 250-m NDVI and EVI data retrieved from Google Earth Engine, covering the crop growth periods spanning from 2013 to 2017, and evaluated from 2018 to 2022. Ground truth data were sourced from the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Cropland Data Layer (CDL) products. The evaluation results showed that the dynamic clustering method achieved higher accuracy than the static clustering method in early crop mapping in the entire CONUS. This study's findings can be helpful for improving crop management and decision-making for agricultural activities by providing early and accurate crop mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the thermal simulation compression test, the formation of an obvious bulge in the specimen leads to a certain deviation between the calculated and actual values of the true stress. The finite element method was used to simulate the single-pass compression of specimens of 34CrNi3MoV steel and obtain the actual nonuniform deformation of the bulging belly during the compression process, and the results were applied to correct experimental flow curves. The results showed that the deformation conditions had a significant influence on the nonuniformity of the specimen deformation during the compression process, and all the modified flow curves were lower than the original ones. The size of the bulge and the metal flow line in the finite element simulation were consistent with the test results. The load value obtained by using the modified flow curve was similar to the load value measured in the test, which indicated that the modified flow curve was very close to the real flow force curve of the material. The method used to modify the flow force curve is simple and practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Axon regeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons after peripheral axotomy involves reconfiguration of gene regulatory circuits to establish regenerative gene programs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, through an unbiased survey, we show that the binding motif of Bmal1, a central transcription factor of the circadian clock, is enriched in differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) of mouse DRG after peripheral lesion. By applying conditional deletion of Bmal1 in neurons, in vitro and in vivo neurite outgrowth assays, as well as transcriptomic profiling, we demonstrate that Bmal1 inhibits axon regeneration, in part through a functional link with the epigenetic factor Tet3. Mechanistically, we reveal that Bmal1 acts as a gatekeeper of neuroepigenetic responses to axonal injury by limiting Tet3 expression and restricting 5hmC modifications. Bmal1-regulated genes not only concern axon growth, but also stress responses and energy homeostasis. Furthermore, we uncover an epigenetic rhythm of diurnal oscillation of Tet3 and 5hmC levels in DRG neurons, corresponding to time-of-day effect on axon growth potential. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that targeting Bmal1 enhances axon regeneration. Injured peripheral neurons activate pro-growth gene programs, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that disruption of circadian clock factor Bmal1 accelerates axon regeneration through augmented epigenetic responses after injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate characterization of atomic vapor cells is crucial for enhancing the sensitivity of miniature atomic magnetometers. In this study, a fast and efficient approach is developed to characterize relaxation properties of the inner surface of the 87Rb micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) vapor cell. Based on the zero-field level crossing effect, the transverse relaxation rate was experimentally determined, and the depolarization coefficient of 0.097 for atom-wall collisions in the 87Rb MEMS vapor cell was obtained. The experiments demonstrated that the alkali-wall collision relaxation gradually dominates the depolarization of the 87Rb ensemble as the radius of the vapor cell decreases. This research provides a quantitative method to evaluate the effectiveness of the MEMS vapor cell anti-relaxation coatings and offers the design inspiration for MEMS atomic vapor cells from the perspective of relaxation characterization. It is beneficial for the development of weak magnetic field detections such as biomagnetism detection in ambient environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T-foils with active control systems can adjust their attack angle according to the movement of the ship in real time, providing higher lift force and improving the seakeeping performance of a ship. The optimization of the control signal and that of the control method have an important influence on the effect of active T-foils. In this paper, the control method of the T-foil's swinging angle is established and optimized on the basis of model testing in order to increase the effect of the T-foil. First, the governing equation is introduced by establishing the proportional relationship between the angular motion of the hull and the lift moment of the T-foil. On the basis of the model of the T-foil's lift force, the governing equation of the T-foil's swinging angle is deduced and simplified using the test results of the ship model with a passive T-foil and without a T-foil. Then, the active T-foil control system is established by comparing the effects of T-foils with different control signals. Finally, the efficacies of the passive and active T-foil are reported and discussed. It is found that the pitch angular velocity is a more appropriate signal than the pitch angle and pitch angular acceleration. T-foils with pitch angular velocity control can decrease the vertical motion response in the resonance region of a ship's encounter frequency by more than about 20% compared to the case of the bare ship model, while also increasing the anti-bow acceleration effect by more than 15% compared to the case of passive control. The results obtained by model testing have a certain guiding significance for specific engineering practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary perforation (CP) is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and can lead to pericardial tamponade. Prolonged balloon inflation is a reasonable treatment for CP, but there is no standard recommendation on the preferable choice between the balloon site for prolonged balloon inflation (ie, proximal and in situ of the perforation). We present a rare case of successful prolonged balloon inflation at the proximal site of the CP after the failure of balloon inflation at the site of perforation. The patient developed CP during balloon inflation post-stent, rapidly progressing to cardiac tamponade. In situ prolonged balloon inflation (3 times) failed to close the CP, but proximal inflation could manage the CP. The take-home message from this case is that balloon expansion at the proximal site could be better than in situ of perforation in patients with CP after PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an adaptive control scheme with disturbance estimation is proposed for the station keeping and trajectory tracking of an underwater vehicle-manipulator system (UVMS) in a task space. The control of UVMSs encounters time-varying and lumped disturbances introduced by the motion of the manipulator and currents. The proposed control scheme includes an observer to identify disturbances without introducing additional sensors. Using state-of-the-art UVMS control technologies, it alleviates the restriction of the feedforward control applied to the UVMS. In addition, the proposed control scheme is not designed based on the worst case. In other words, the robustness of the controller is not achieved at the price of performance, and the performance of the controller can be recovered in the absence of disturbance. Meanwhile, the controller can also realize quick responses to attenuating disturbance and closed-loop stability when encountering an unexpected disturbance. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme was demonstrated by a series of spatial trajectory tracking experiments under various disturbances. A limitation of this study is that the proposed control scheme is specialized for the underwater manipulation of UVMSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the efficiency of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 in diagnosing periprosthetic hip joint infection and establish a diagnostic standard of clinical significance based on uptake pattern. Methods: [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT was performed in patients with symptomatic hip arthroplasty from December 2019 to July 2022. The reference standard was based on the 2018 Evidence-Based and Validation Criteria. Two diagnostic criteria, SUVmax and uptake pattern, were used to diagnose PJI. Meanwhile, original data were imported into IKT-snap to draw the view of interest, A.K. was used to extract features of clinical cases, and unsupervised clustering analysis was applied according to the groups. Results: A total of 103 patients were included, 28 of whom had PJI. The area under the curve of SUVmax was 0.898, which was better than that of all of the serological tests. The cutoff value of SUVmax was 7.53, and the sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 72%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the uptake pattern were 100, 93.1 and 95%, respectively. In radiomics analysis, the features of PJI were significantly different from those of aseptic failure. Conclusion: The efficiency of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in diagnosing PJI showed promising results, and the diagnostic criteria of the uptake pattern were more clinically instructive. Radiomics also showed certain application prospects in the field of PJI. Trial registration number: Trial registration: ChiCTR2000041204. Registered 24 September 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermogravimetric technology was used to analyze the low temperature pyrolysis characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco, oriental tobacco and cigar tobacco. Meanwhile, the sensory quality of tobacco raw materials under heating conditions was evaluated, and the correlation between the pyrolysis characteristics and sensory quality was further analyzed statistically. The results showed that: under the heating condition of linear temperature-constant temperature baking, all tobacco leaves experienced four weight loss stages ( dehydration and drying stage, removal stage of volatile components, decomposition stage of cellulose components and constant temperature baking stage), but there were some differences in the pyrolysis characteristic parameters of different weight loss stages. With the increase of glycerin content (0%~15%), the maximum weight loss rate and weight loss rate of all tobacco raw materials in the volatile component removal stage increased, and the maximum weight loss temperature of flue-cured tobacco increased, while that of burley tobacco, oriental tobacco and cigar tobacco decreased. When the glycerin dosage was 15%, it had the greatest effect on the weight loss rate of flue-cured tobacco at this stage, and the least effect on oriental tobacco. The total score of sensory quality of tobacco leaf samples increased with the increase of glycerin dosage. Person correlation analysis showed that the glycerin content of tobacco leaf raw materials was positively correlated with the smoke volume, aroma volume, uniformity score and total sensory quality score. There was a significant positive correlation between the maximum weight loss rate and miscellaneous gas, irritability, energy score and total sensory quality score, while the maximum weight loss rate during the decomposition stage of cellulose components had a negative correlation with aroma volume, miscellaneous gas, irritation, purity, energy score and total sensory quality score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass carbon composites have the shining points of lightweight, economy, harmlessness, and large specific surface area, casting on them great development prospects in terms of excellent wave absorbing properties. Herein, a facile route to fabricate magnetic porous with a special spongy structure for its great contribution to microwave absorption is reported. It is endowed with a strong absorption capacity and a wide absorption band. The 3D spongy structure and uniform distribution of magnetic Co particles can promote defect polarization, interface polarization, and dipole polarization, which are conducive to scattering and reflection of electromagnetic waves (EMW) in the absorbing body. The magnetic Co particles can enhance the magnetic loss on the one hand and harmonize the impedance matching on the other hand. The minimum reflection loss can reach −54.7 dB. The effective absorption bandwidth at 2.1 mm can reach 7.61 GHz, almost covering the X and Ku bands. This proposed strategy provides more possibilities for the application of biomass microwave absorbers with lightweight and broadband properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a centralized MTT method based on a state-of-the-art multi-sensor labeled multi-Bernoulli (LMB) filter in underwater multi-static networks with autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The LMB filter can accurately extract the number of targets and trajectories from measurements affected by noise, missed detections, false alarms and port–starboard ambiguity. However, its complexity increases as the number of sensors increases. In addition, due to the time-varying underwater environment, AUV detection probabilities are time-varying, and their mismatches often lead to poor MTT performance. Consequently, we detail a robust multi-sensor LMB filter that estimates detection probabilities and multi-target states simultaneously in real time. Moreover, we derive an effective approximate form of the multi-sensor LMB filter using Kullback–Leibler divergence and develop an efficient belief propagation (BP) implementation of the multi-sensor LMB filter. Our method scales linearly with the number of AUVs, providing good scalability and low computational complexity. The proposed method demonstrates superior performance in underwater multi-AUV network MTT simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the metadynamic recrystallization behavior of 34CrNi3MoV steel, a double-pass isothermal compression experiment and a single-pass thermal interval experiment were designed and conducted to obtain the stress–strain curves under different deformation conditions and to explore the action law of deformation parameters during the compression process. The softening rate was calculated by the compensation method, and the grain size in the recrystallization region was measured. Based on the obtained data, the effects of deformation temperature (T), interval time (t), and strain rate ( ε ˙ ) on the softening rate and grain size of 34CrNi3MoV steel during metadynamic recrystallization were analyzed. The results show that increasing the deformation temperature, extending the interval time, and increasing the strain rate are all beneficial to the improvement of the metadynamic recrystallization softening rate and that fine and uniform new grains can be obtained under a high strain rate. However, in high-temperature conditions, mixed crystallization can easily occur, which is not conducive to grain refinement. Based on the true stress–strain data and experimental data on the grain size, a relevant model for metadynamic recrystallization of 34CrNi3MoV steel was established using mathematical analysis of regression equations. The average relative error AARE between the constructed dynamic model and the grain size model and the experimental results are 6.48% and 1.30%, respectively. This indicates that the model has high predictability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), with good chemical stability and magnetic loss, can be used to prepare composites with a unique structure and high absorption. In this study, CoFe2O4@mesoporous carbon hollow spheres (MCHS) with a core-shell structure were prepared by introducing CoFe2O4 magnetic particles into hollow mesoporous carbon through a simple in situ method. Then, the microwave absorption performance of the CoFe2O4@MCHS composites was investigated. Magnetic and dielectric losses can be effectively coordinated by constructing the porous structure and adjusting the ratio of MCHS and CoFe2O4. Results show that the impedance matching and absorption properties of the CoFe2O4@MCHS composites can be altered by tweaking the mass ratio of MCHS and CoFe2O4. The minimum reflection loss of the CoFe2O4@MCHS composites reaches -29.7 dB at 5.8 GHz. In addition, the effective absorption bandwidth is 3.7 GHz, with the thickness being 2.5 mm. The boosted microwave absorption can be ascribed to the porous core-shell structure and introduction of magnetic particles. The coordination between the microporous morphology and the core-shell structure is conducive to improving the attenuation coefficient and achieving good impedance matching. The porous core-shell structure provides large solid-void and CoFe2O4−C interfaces to induce interfacial polarization and extend the electromagnetic waves' multiple scattering and reflection. Furthermore, natural resonance, exchange resonance, and eddy current loss work together for the magnetic loss. This method provides a practical solution to prepare core-shell structure microwave absorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C49H36N4O4Cl2, triclinic, P 1 ‾ (no. 2), a = 6.3858(2) Å, b = 12.6484(4) Å, c = 12.7115(5) Å, α = 95.986(3)°, β = 102.790(3)°, γ = 95.563(3)°, V = 988.12(6) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0603, wRref(F2) = 0.1683, T = 150 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of wide bandwidth, thin thickness, and high performance microwave absorbing materials has become a hot topic of current research. Metal-organic frameworks with heterojunctions and porous structures are considered as suitable candidates to meet these characteristics. Herein, heterogeneous CoFe@N-doped porous carbon polyhedron composites were successfully synthesized via Fe2+ to replace Co in zeolite imidazole frame-67. The dielectric properties of composites were enhanced by the replacement of Fe2+, and the synergistic effect of dielectric loss and magnetic loss was realized. The petal-like lamellar structure increases the travel of electromagnetic (EM) waves, and the formation of porous structures improves impedance matching. Specifically, a reflection loss of −67.30 dB was obtained at a thickness of 2.88 mm, and an ultrabroad wide effective absorption bandwidth of 8.40 GHz was obtained, covering most of the X-band (8–12 GHz) and the whole Ku-band (12–18 GHz). The radar cross section (RCS) reduction value can reach 29.4 dB·m2, which means that the radar detector has a smaller probability of detecting targets. This work describes the unique advantages of metal ion replacement metal-organic frameworks derived materials in structural design, impedance matching, and performance adjustment, and provides a new reference for the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are extensively studied because of their great potential in energy harvesting and sensing. Traditional chemical batteries cannot meet the requirements of wearable electronic products because of their inherent limitations such as large weight, large size, limited endurance, and limited lifespan. To address the issue, the self‐powered energy harvester has attracted considerable interest among researchers. Here, the woven structure TENG consists of flexible silicone mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride as dielectric layers, silver fabric, and conductive tape as electrodes. The electrical output performance of the pattern structure processed by tip design is nearly three times higher. The whole TENG and flexible printed circuit board are encapsulated by polydimethylsiloxane film, reducing inconvenient, and discomfort sensation during wearing. The woven structure TENG can not only harvest energy to power wearable electronic devices but also be used to recognize human motion as the waveforms changing when people are in different states. Taking the knee bending angle data as an example to conduct machine learning, it is able to classify different states of human motion. This work extends the application of the woven TENG as an integrated device for sensing and energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore a new-type Mo-based composite conversion coating on 6061 aluminum alloy, systematically evaluate its corrosion resistance, and further reveal the formation mechanism. The effects of pH, conversion time (CTI) and H2ZrF6 content on the corrosion resistance were determined by the dropping test and electrochemical tests, and the average corrosion rate (ACR) in neutral 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution under different temperatures was calculated by the immersion test. The micro-morphology and phase compositions were systematically investigated by SEM, EDS and XPS. The results showed that the optimal pH and CTI were 4.5 and 12 min respectively, and the most suitable addition amount of H2ZrF6 was 1.2 mL/L. The micro-morphology of the Mo/Ti/Zr conversion coating (MoTiZrCC) under the best conversion condition was relatively smooth and dense, and its phase compositions mainly consisted of MoO3, Mo2O5, TiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3. The MoTiZrCC could significantly improve corrosion resistance with the lower icorr and higher Rp, and the ACR of the MoTiZrCC could be reduced to 16.7% of the Al alloy matrix. Additionally, based on the above results, the formation mechanism for the MoTiZrCC was logically deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correction notice in the EJNMMI Research journal acknowledges that Yiqun Wang, La Li, and Hongde Wang are co-first authors of the manuscript. It also corrects the misspelling of the tenth author's name from 'Ruiming Wang' to 'Ruimin Wang'. The authors express gratitude for readers' attention to this erratum and apologize for any inconvenience. [Extracted from the article]

Background. The P53 gene is critical to the onset and progression of cancers. Currently, relevant study findings indicate that the p53 gene may have a strong association with the risk of endometriosis, but these findings have not been united. To gather more statistically meaningful clinical data, we used meta-analysis to examine the relationship between the rs1042522 single nucleotide polymorphism of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and the incidence of endometriosis. Methods. Through a comprehensive literature survey of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer, and Web of Science literature databases, we obtained a clinical control case study on the relationship between p53 gene polymorphism and the prevalence of female endometriosis and finally traced the relevant references included. The quality of the literature included in this study was evaluated, and Revman5.3 was used to complete the meta-analysis. Results. This research includes eight publications. The total number of cases in the study group was 1551, whereas the total number of cases in the control group was 1440. The findings of the sensitivity analyses of each omitted piece of the literature revealed no significant difference. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in the GG gene frequency (OR = 0.56, 95%CI (0.38, 0.92), P = 0.003), allele G (OR = 2.46, 95%CI (1.41,4.29), P = 0.002), and allele C (OR = 0.62, 95%CI (0.46, 0.84), P = 0.002) between the study group and the control group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the GC gene frequency (OR = 1.17, 95%CI (1.01,1.36), P = 0.03), and the CC gene frequency (OR = 1.25, 95%CI (0.85,1.82), P = 0.26) (P > 0.01). Conclusion. Our study results show that there is a significant correlation between the single nucleotide of the p53 gene and the incidence rate of female endometriosis, in which the decrease of the GG gene frequency and the increase of allele C are likely to increase the risk of such diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

. A offline character dataset of Tibetan Historical document in Uchen font, THCU, is presented to facilitate the research of Tibetan Historical document recognition. The dataset THCU includes two subsets: THCU-M and THCU-S. The THCU-M is annotated manually in original document images, including 121214 character samples and 238 character categories. The subset THCU-S is a simulation dataset, and its samples are generated based on the idea of component combination. There are four subsets in THCU-S, in which the numbers of character category are 7238, 2908, 562 and 245 respectively, and the numbers of sample in each category are 5000, 3000, 600 and 600 respectively. We also evaluate THCU dataset using a CNN based model as a baseline performance. The experiment shows that the performance of the model on the real data is greatly improved by adding the generated samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]