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Organogenesis, the phase of embryonic development that starts at the end of gastrulation and continues until birth is the critical process for understanding cellular differentiation and maturation during organ development. The rapid development of single‐cell transcriptomics technology has led to many novel discoveries in understanding organogenesis while also accumulating a large quantity of data. To fill this gap, OrganogenesisDB (http://organogenesisdb.com/), which is a comprehensive database dedicated to exploring cell‐type identification and gene expression dynamics during organogenesis, is developed. OrganogenesisDB contains single‐cell RNA sequencing data for more than 1.4 million cells from 49 published datasets spanning various developmental stages. Additionally, 3324 cell markers are manually curated for 1120 cell types across 9 human organs and 4 mouse organs. OrganogenesisDB leverages various analysis tools to assist users in annotating and understanding cell types at different developmental stages and helps in mining and presenting genes that exhibit specific patterns and play key regulatory roles during cell maturation and differentiation. This work provides a critical resource and useful tool for deciphering cell lineage determination and uncovering the mechanisms underlying organogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, N, N '-bis {4- [(α-L- rhamnosyloxy) benzyl]} thiourea (PG-1), a phenolic glycoside compound was purified from Moringa seed. The PG-1 has attracted extensive attention due to its anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties. However, some of its physicochemical properties such as oral bioavailability has not been studied. Herein, a highly purified PG-1 was extracted and incorporated in multiple layered liposomes (PG-1-L) to avoid its burst release and enhance oral bioavailability. After appropriate characterization, it was discovered that the obtained PG-1-L was stable, homogeneous and well dispersed with the average particle size being 89.26 ± 0.23 nm. Importantly, the in vitro release and in vivo oral bioavailability of PG-1-L were significantly improved compared with PG-1. In addition, MTT results showed that compared with the free PG-1, PG-1-L displayed obvious inhibitory effect on the HepG2 cells, while the inhibitory effect on healthy non-malignant 3T6 and LO-2 cells was not significant, indicating that PG-1-L had high safety. In conclusion, PG-1-L can be used as a promising delivery system and an ideal novel approach to improve the oral bioavailability and anticancer activity of PG-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 hydrogenation into valuable chemical compounds can effectively address the issues of greenhouse gas emissions and energy scarcity. The activation and dissociation processes of CO2 are crucial for its reduction reactions, but the effects of *H adatoms on the C–O cleavage are still confusing. This study investigates the H-assisted CO2 dissociation pathways on the PdnPt(4−n)/In2O3 (n = 0–4) catalysts via DFT calculation. Initially, the adsorption properties of *H2, *COOH, and *HCOO species are calculated. Then, two H-assisted CO2 dissociation channels, i.e., *CO2 + *H → *COOH → *CO + *OH and *CO2 + *H → *HCOO → *CHO + *O, are studied. Results show that Pt and Pd promote the CO2 hydrogenation and C–O bond cleavage reactions, respectively. In comparison to CO2 direct dissociation, the COOH-mediated and HCOO-mediated channels facilitate and impede the C–O bond cleavage, respectively. Overall, the Pd3Pt/In2O3 constituent is suggested for the H-assisted CO2 dissociation reaction. The electronic effects of the PdnPt(4−n) bimetals adjust the stabilities of the intermediates and barriers of the elementary steps, and the interactions between PdnPt(4−n) and In2O3 provide extra sites for the adsorbates and reaction steps. This study reveals the effects of *H on the C–O bond dissociation processes and provides useful insight into designing PdPt/In2O3 catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YTHDC1 (YTH domain containing 1), a crucial reader protein of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA, plays a critical role in various cellular functions and is considered a promising target for therapeutic intervention in acute myeloid leukemia and other cancers. In this study, we identified orthosteric small-molecule ligands for YTHDC1. Using a molecular docking approach, we screened the eMolecules database and recognized 15 top-ranked ligands. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations and MM/PBSA analysis were used to assess the stability and binding free energy of these potential hit compounds in complex with YTHDC1. Notably, five compounds with IDs of ZINC82121447, ZINC02170552, ZINC65274016, ZINC10763862, and ZINC02412146 exhibited high binding affinities and favorable binding free energies. The results also showed that these compounds formed strong hydrogen bonds with residues SER378, ASN363, and ASN367 and interacted with the aromatic cage of the YTHDC1 reader protein through TRP377, TRP428, and hydrophobic residue LEU439. To assess their viability as lead compounds, we conducted absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) studies to reveal promising features for these identified small molecules, shedding light on their pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs the finite element method to investigate the microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of a 40Cr steel automobile front axle during the quenching process. By establishing a multi-physics field coupling model, the study elucidates the variation patterns of the microstructure field in the quenching process of the front axle under different immersion orientations. It is found that along the length direction, the bainite and martensite structures decrease from the center to the edge region, while the ferrite structure shows an increasing trend. Additionally, the influence of immersion orientation on the hardness of the front axle's microstructure and deformation behavior is thoroughly discussed. The results indicate that, firstly, when quenched horizontally, the hardness difference among different regions of the front axle is approximately 8.2 HRC, whereas it reaches 10.3 HRC when quenched vertically. Considering the uniformity of the microstructure, the horizontal immersion method is preferable. Secondly, due to the different immersion sequences in different regions of the front axle leading to varying heat transfer rates, as well as the different amounts of martensite structures obtained in different regions, the deformation decreases along the length direction from the center to the edge region. Horizontal immersion quenching, compared to vertical immersion, results in a reduction of approximately 56.2% and 48.9% in deformation on the representative central cross-section (A-A) and the total length of the front axle, respectively. Therefore, considering aspects such as microstructure uniformity and deformation, the horizontal immersion quenching orientation is more favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases have always been a focus of attention in related fields. This paper discusses the application and mechanism of exogenous and endogenous supplementation with β-hydroxybutyrate in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, myocardial inflammation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation can quickly and directly provide substitute energy for the heart and thus prevent and treat heart injury. The comprehensive effect of exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation is significantly better than that of endogenous β-hydroxybutyrate. Endogenous fatty acid, obtained through a ketogenic diet, needs to be oxidized to β-hydroxybutyrate in vivo for energy supply, which is greatly influenced by glucose and lipid metabolism under the conditions of the basic disease itself. At present, ketogenic diet is not recommended for use in the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, and in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy or hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in Computational Thinking (CT) development among young learners increases with the number of studies located in literature. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to address two main objectives: (a) the effectiveness of empirical interventions on the development of CT in children aged of 3–8 years; and (b) the variables that influence the effectiveness of the interventions. Following PRISMA procedures, we identified 17 empirical studies with 34 effect sizes and 1665 participants meeting the inclusion criteria from Web of Science database. Overall, we found a statistically significant large effect size (d =.83 [95% CI: 730,.890]; p <.001) on the CT development of 3–8 years old children, which provides empirical support for having young children to engage in CT experiences. The effect size was significantly influenced by moderating variables including gender, scaffolding, and education level. Intervention length showed a marginally significant effect. Therefore, educators could refer to the significant moderators when designing tailored interventions for CT development in early childhood education while a call for more empirical studies of CT development in young children is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth‐based materials have emerged as promising catalysts in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate. However, the reasons for the reconstruction of Bi‐based precursors to form bismuth nanosheets are still puzzling, especially the formation of defective bismuth sites. Herein, we prepare bismuth nanosheets with vacancy‐rich defects (V‐Bi NS) by rapidly reconstructing Bi19Cl3S27 under negative potential. Theoretical analysis reveals that the introduction of chlorine induces the generation of intrinsic electric field in the precursor, thereby increasing the electron transfer rate and further promoting the metallization of trivalent bismuth. Meanwhile, experimental tests verify that Bi19Cl3S27 has a faster reconstruction rate than Bi2S3. The formed V‐Bi NS exhibits up to 96 % HCOO− Faraday efficiency and 400 mA cm−2 HCOO− partial current densities, and its electrochemical active surface area normalized formate current density and yield are 2.2 times higher than those of intact bismuth nanosheets (I‐Bi NS). Density functional theory calculations indicate that bismuth vacancies with electron‐rich aggregation reduce the activation energy of CO2 to *CO2− radicals and stabilize the adsorption of the key intermediate *OCHO, thus facilitating the reaction kinetics of formate production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth‐based materials have emerged as promising catalysts in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate. However, the reasons for the reconstruction of Bi‐based precursors to form bismuth nanosheets are still puzzling, especially the formation of defective bismuth sites. Herein, we prepare bismuth nanosheets with vacancy‐rich defects (V‐Bi NS) by rapidly reconstructing Bi19Cl3S27 under negative potential. Theoretical analysis reveals that the introduction of chlorine induces the generation of intrinsic electric field in the precursor, thereby increasing the electron transfer rate and further promoting the metallization of trivalent bismuth. Meanwhile, experimental tests verify that Bi19Cl3S27 has a faster reconstruction rate than Bi2S3. The formed V‐Bi NS exhibits up to 96 % HCOO− Faraday efficiency and 400 mA cm−2 HCOO− partial current densities, and its electrochemical active surface area normalized formate current density and yield are 2.2 times higher than those of intact bismuth nanosheets (I‐Bi NS). Density functional theory calculations indicate that bismuth vacancies with electron‐rich aggregation reduce the activation energy of CO2 to *CO2− radicals and stabilize the adsorption of the key intermediate *OCHO, thus facilitating the reaction kinetics of formate production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Cardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic (CKM) multimorbidity is prevalent among individuals with heart failure (HF), but whether cardiac structure and function, clinical outcomes, and treatment response to sacubitril/valsartan vary in relation to CKM status is unknown. Methods and results: In this PARAGON‐HF post‐hoc analysis, we evaluated the impact of CKM multimorbidity (atherosclerotic cardiovascular [CV] disease, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes) on cardiac structure and function, clinical outcomes, and treatment effects of sacubitril/valsartan versus valsartan. The primary outcome was a composite of total HF hospitalizations and CV death. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome and a composite kidney outcome (sustained estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction of ≥50%, end‐stage kidney disease, or kidney‐related death). At baseline, 35.2% had one CKM condition, 33.3% had two, 15.9% had three, and only 15.6% had HF alone. CKM multimorbidity was associated with higher septal and posterior wall thickness, lower global longitudinal strain, higher E/e', and worse right ventricular function. Total HF hospitalizations or CV death increased with greater CKM multimorbidity, with the highest relative risk observed with three CKM conditions (rate ratio 3.06, 95% confidence interval 2.33–4.03), compared with HF alone. Treatment effects of sacubitril/valsartan were consistent irrespective of the number of CKM conditions for the primary endpoint (pinteraction = 0.75), CV death (pinteraction = 0.82), total HF hospitalizations (pinteraction = 0.67), and the composite kidney endpoint (pinteraction = 0.99). Conclusions: Cardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic multimorbidity was common in PARAGON‐HF and associated with adverse changes in cardiac structure and function and with a stepwise increase in risk of clinical outcomes. Treatment effects of sacubitril/valsartan were consistent irrespective of CKM burden. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01920711. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of KRAS mutation in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) initiation and progression is well‐established. However, "undruggable" KRAS protein poses the research of small molecule inhibitors a significant challenge. Addressing this, proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have become a cutting‐edge treatment method, emphasizing protein degradation. A modified ethanol injection method was employed in this study to formulate liposomes encapsulating PROTAC drug LC‐2 (LC‐2 LPs). Precise surface modifications using cell‐penetrating peptide R8 yielded R8‐LC‐2 liposomes (R8‐LC‐2 LPs). Comprehensive cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies unveiled that R8‐LC‐2 LPs depended on concentration and time, showcasing the superior performance of R8‐LC‐2 LPs compared to normal liposomes. In vivo pharmacokinetic profiles demonstrated the capacity of DSPE‐PEG2000 to prolong the circulation time of LC‐2, leading to higher plasma concentrations compared to free LC‐2. In vivo antitumor efficacy research underscored the remarkable ability of R8‐LC‐2 LPs to effectively suppress tumor growth. This study contributed to the exploration of enhanced therapeutic strategies for NSCLC, specifically focusing on the development of liposomal PROTACs targeting the "undruggable" KRAS protein. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential of this innovative approach, offering prospects for improved drug delivery and heightened antitumor efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Grain weight, grain number per panicle, and the number of panicles are the three factors that determine rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield. Of these, grain weight, which not only directly determines rice yield but also influences appearance and quality, is often considered the most important for rice production. Here, we describe OsNF‐YC1, a member of the NF‐Y transcription factor family that regulates rice grain size. OsNF‐YC1 knockout plants (osnf‐yc1), obtained using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology, showed reduced grain weight due to reduced width and thickness, with no change in grain length, leading to a slenderer grain shape. Downregulation of OsNF‐YC1 using RNA interference resulted in similar grain phenotypes as osnf‐yc1. OsNF‐YC1 affects grain formation by regulating both cell proliferation and cell expansion. OsNF‐YC1 localizes in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, has transcriptional activation activity at both the N‐terminus and C‐terminus, and is highly expressed in young panicles. OsNF‐YC1 interacts with OsMADS1 both in vivo and in vitro. Further analysis showed that the histone‐like structural CBFD‐NFYB‐HMF domain of OsNF‐YC1 conserved in the OsNF‐YC transcription factor family can directly interact with the MADS‐box domain of OsMADS1 to enhance its transcriptional activation activity. This interaction positively regulates the expression of OsMADS55, the direct downstream target of OsMADS1. Therefore, this paper reveals a potential grain size regulation pathway controlled by an OsNF‐YC1‐OsMADS1‐OsMADS55 module in rice. Significance Statement: This paper described the molecular mechanism of OsNF‐YC1 regulating rice grain size formation, a potential pathway of OsNF‐YC1‐OsMADS1‐OsMADS55. OsNF‐YC1 knockout plants displayed the slender grain size with the narrower grain width than the controls, the yield of which was not changed due to the number of grains per panicle of the osnf‐yc1 mutant is increased. Therefore, OsNF‐YC1 can be used for improving rice appearance quality and yield, which has a potential value in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Afatinib (AT), an FDA-approved aniline-quinazoline derivative, is a first-line treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combining it with cetuximab (CX), a chimeric human-murine derivative immunoglobulin-G1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has shown significant improvements in median progression-free survival. Previously, we developed cetuximab-conjugated immunoliposomes loaded with afatinib (AT-MLP) and demonstrated their efficacy against NSCLC cells (A549 and H1975). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of pulmonary delivery to mitigate adverse effects associated with oral administration and intravenous injection. We formulated AT-MLP dry powders (AT-MLP-DPI) via freeze drying using tert-butanol and mannitol as cryoprotectants in the hydration medium. The physicochemical and aerodynamic properties of dry powders were well analyzed firstly. In vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity study revealed concentration- and time-dependent cellular uptake behavior and antitumor efficacy of AT-MLP-DPI, while Transwell assay demonstrated the superior inhibitory effects on NSCLC cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that pulmonary delivery of AT-MLP-DPI significantly increased bioavailability, prolonged blood circulation time, and exhibited higher lung concentrations compared to alternative administration routes and formulations. The in vivo antitumor efficacy study carried on tumor-bearing nude mice indicated that inhaled AT-MLP-DPI effectively suppressed lung tumor growth. Graphical abstract was created with BioRender software (https://biorender.com/) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression and anxiety symptoms among medical students are often a concern. The Patient Health Questionnaire-Four (PHQ-4), an important tool for depression and anxiety screening, is commonly used and easy to administer. This study aimed to assess and update the longitudinal measurement invariance and psychometric properties of the simplified Chinese version. Methods: A three-wave longitudinal survey was conducted among healthcare students using the PHQ-4. Structural validity was based on one-factor, two-factor, and second-order factor models, construct validity was based on the Self-Rated Health Questionnaire (SRHQ), Sleep Quality Questionnaire (SQQ), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI), internal consistency, and test–retest reliability were based on structural consistency across three time points. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that two-factor model was the best fit, and LMI was supported at three time points. Inter-factor, factor-total, and construct validity correlations of the PHQ-4 were acceptable. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and the intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated acceptable/moderate to excellent reliability of the PHQ-4. Conclusions: This study adds new longitudinal evidence that the Chinese version of the PHQ-4 has promising LMI and psychometric properties. Such data lends confidence to the routine and the expanded use of the PHQ-4 for routine screening of depression and anxiety in Chinese healthcare students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical probes are an indispensable tool for translating biological discoveries into new therapies, though are increasingly difficult to identify since novel therapeutic targets are often hard-to-drug proteins. We introduce FRASE-based hit-finding robot (FRASE-bot), to expedite drug discovery for unconventional therapeutic targets. FRASE-bot mines available 3D structures of ligand-protein complexes to create a database of FRAgments in Structural Environments (FRASE). The FRASE database can be screened to identify structural environments similar to those in the target protein and seed the target structure with relevant ligand fragments. A neural network model is used to retain fragments with the highest likelihood of being native binders. The seeded fragments then inform ultra-large-scale virtual screening of commercially available compounds. We apply FRASE-bot to identify ligands for Calcium and Integrin Binding protein 1 (CIB1), a promising drug target implicated in triple negative breast cancer. FRASE-based virtual screening identifies a small-molecule CIB1 ligand (with binding confirmed in a TR-FRET assay) showing specific cell-killing activity in CIB1-dependent cancer cells, but not in CIB1-depletion-insensitive cells. Newly identified therapeutic targets are often hard-to-drug proteins. Here, the authors introduce FRASE-based hit-finding robot (FRASE-bot), to expedite drug discovery for unconventional therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speed curve planning is one of the most important functions of automatic train operation (ATO). To improve the real‐time optimization capability and driver‐friendliness of the existing ATO, an extended ATO framework considering both automatic driving and assisted driving is designed. A multi‐objective optimization model based on quadratic programming is established considering energy‐saving, punctuality, and comfort. However, due to the influence of the weight of multi‐objectives, this method cannot directly obtain the speed curve satisfying the trip time constraint. Further, based on the analysis about the weight of multi‐objects, a time‐constrained quadratic programming algorithm is proposed. With the proposed method, the speed curve can be calculated in real‐time both before operations and during operations. For the former, time‐varying train mass and trip time are considered to guarantee an optimal solution. For the latter, deviations, delays, and maloperations on the way are corrected. Simulation experiments verify the solvability and real‐time performance of the proposed method. In particular, compared with the dynamic programming and (mixed‐integer linear programming) MILP method, the proposed method is more energy‐efficient and easier to be followed by the driver. In addition, a prototype is developed for commercial tests on a Beijing subway line. The relevant performance is verified in commercial tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1970s, China has continuously improved air pollution treatment and emission standards, but polluted weather still occurs frequently in some areas, especially haze weather. At present, most of the research on haze weather focuses on particulate matter, while ignoring the mechanism of aerosol-radiation-surface ozone interaction under haze weather. Therefore, this paper analyses the relationship between aerosol-radiation-surface ozone with the help of the (SBDART) model for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), using 2013–2021 as the time line. The results show similar trends in total column ozone and tropospheric ozone, and separate trends in surface ozone. Total column ozone and tropospheric ozone concentrations are at high values in spring and summer and low values in fall and winter; surface ozone is higher in summer and fall and lower in winter and spring. In contrast, Absorbing aerosol index (AAI) had high values in both spring and winter, and low values in summer and autumn. AAI, PM10 and Black carbon (BC) showed negative relations with ozone overall, but AAI and tropospheric ozone reached high values simultaneously in spring, indicating a rapid increase of pollutants caused by meteorological factors and human activities. Ozone concentration decreases from high values when precipitable water increases significantly. The analysis of potential sources of AAI indicated that local sources centered in Guangzhou were the primary source of AAI in the urban agglomeration of GBA, while other potential sources include biomass sources in the south and ozone sources in the northeast. The photolysis rate of fine-grained urban/industrial aerosols did not decrease significantly, leading to an increase in surface ozone concentration. Therefore, low aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) may increase surface ozone concentrations in the fine-particle aerosol mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design of an intra-row obstacle avoidance shovel-type weeding machine. Theoretical analysis of intra-row weeding components guided the determination of the structures and parameters for key parts, including the signal acquisition mechanism, automatic obstacle avoidance mechanism, and weeding shovel. Furthermore, a hydraulic system was designed to support these functions. The design aims to optimize intra-row weeding operations, reduce labor costs, enhance weed control effectiveness, and prevent collisions between weeding equipment and grapevines. Through the construction of a mathematical model, the analysis determined the necessary minimum return speed of the hydraulic cylinder for the intra-row weeding shovel to avoid grapevines. We also established a reasonable range for the extension speed of the hydraulic cylinder to minimize areas missed during weeding. Further analysis showed that using the minimum return speed of the hydraulic cylinder effectively reduced missed weeding areas. A virtual prototype model of the weeding machine was created in ADAMS. Using the coverage rate of weeding operation as the evaluation index, single-factor simulation tests determined that the extension speed of the piston rod in the obstacle avoidance hydraulic cylinder and the forward speed of the weeding machine are the main influencing factors. The preset threshold of the control system, which triggered the automatic obstacle avoidance mechanism when the obstacle avoidance rod reached a specific angle (the "Angle Threshold"), was identified as a secondary influencing factor. Other factors were considered irrelevant. Hydraulic cylinder extension speed, weeding machine forward speed, and angle threshold were chosen as the influencing factors. Following the principles of a Box–Behnken experimental design, a quadratic regression combination experiment was designed using a three-factor, three-level response surface analysis method. The evaluation criterion focused on the coverage rate of weeding operation. A regression model was developed to determine the coverage rate of the weeding operation, identifying the optimal parameters as follows: obstacle avoidance hydraulic cylinder extension speed of 120 mm/s, forward speed of the weeding machine at 0.6 m/s, and an angle threshold of 18°. The optimized coverage rate of the weeding operation achieved 86.1%. This study serves as a reference for further optimization of intra-row weeding machines in vineyards and for other crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is transitioning into the digital economy era. The advancement of the digital economy could offer a fresh mechanism to attain carbon peak and carbon neutrality objectives. Applications of the digital economy, such as smart energy management, intelligent transport systems, and digital agricultural technologies, have significantly reduced carbon emissions by optimizing resource use, reducing energy waste, and improving production efficiency. This research does so by devising a theoretical model that looks into the multi-faceted power of the digital economy under a two-sector paradigm. Utilising a panel model, a mediation effect model and a spatial Durbin model to assess the digital economy's power on carbon emissions. This research has determined that the digital economy can significantly diminish carbon emissions, with green tech innovations and industrial transformation being key contributors. The spatial spillover effect was used for the digital economy to aid in lowering carbon emissions in adjacent districts and upgrading better environmental stewardship. The influence of the digital economy has better performance in lowering carbon emissions in mid-western China than in the eastern area. This paper deepens understanding of the drivers of low-carbon growth and the significance, mechanism and regional disparities of the digital economy's effect on reducing carbon emissions. It offers valuable policy insights and guidance for globally achieving digital economy growth, reducing carbon emissions and reaching carbon peak and neutrality goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone metabolism disease that is associated with inflammatory pathological mechanism. Nonetheless, rare studies have investigated the diagnostic effectiveness of immune-inflammation index in the male population. Therefore, it is interesting to achieve early diagnosis of OP in male population based on the inflammatory makers from blood routine examination. We developed a prediction model based on a training dataset of 826 Chinese male patients through a retrospective study, and the data was collected from January 2022 to May 2023. All participants underwent the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXEA) and blood routine examination. Inflammatory markers such as systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was calculated and recorded. We utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model to optimize feature selection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to construct a predicting model incorporating the feature selected in the LASSO model. This predictive model was displayed as a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, C-index, calibration curve, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate model performance. Internal validation was test by the bootstrapping method. This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ethic No. JY2023012) and conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The predictive factors included in the prediction model were age, BMI, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, neuropathy, thyroid diseases, fracture history, SII, PLR, C-reactive protein (CRP). The model displayed well discrimination with a C-index of 0.822 (95% confidence interval: 0.798–0.846) and good calibration. Internal validation showed a high C-index value of 0.805. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that when the threshold probability was between 3 and 76%, the nomogram had a good clinical value. This nomogram can effectively predict the incidence of OP in male population based on SII and PLR, which would help clinicians rapidly and conveniently diagnose OP with men in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autosomal recessive CARD9 deficiency can underly deep and superficial fungal diseases. We identified two Japanese patients, suffering from superficial and invasive Candida albicans diseases, carrying biallelic variants of CARD9. Both patients, in addition to another Japanese and two Korean patients who were previously reported, carried the c.820dup CARD9 variant, either in the homozygous (two patients) or heterozygous (three patients) state. The other CARD9 alleles were c.104G > A, c.1534C > T and c.1558del. The c.820dup CARD9 variant has thus been reported, in the homozygous or heterozygous state, in patients originating from China, Japan, or South Korea. The Japanese, Korean, and Chinese patients share a 10 Kb haplotype encompassing the c.820dup CARD9 variant. This variant thus originates from a common ancestor, estimated to have lived less than 4,000 years ago. While phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora spp. was common in the Chinese patients, none of the five patients in our study displayed Phialophora spp.-induced disease. This difference between Chinese and our patients probably results from environmental factors. (161/250). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion: Mutation of OsSHR2 adversely impacted root and shoot growth and impaired plant response to N conditions, further reducing the yield per plant. Nitrogen (N) is a crucial factor that regulates the plant architecture. There is still a lack of research on it. In our study, it was observed that the knockout of the SHORTROOT2 (OsSHR2) which was induced by N deficiency, can significantly affect the regulation of plant architecture response to N in rice. Under N deficiency, the mutation of OsSHR2 significantly reduced root growth, and impaired the sensitivity of the root meristem length to N deficiency. The mutants were found to have approximately a 15% reduction in plant height compared to wild type. But mutants showed a significant increase in tillering at post-heading stage, approximately 26% more than the wild type, particularly in high N conditions. In addition, due to reduced seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, mutant yield was significantly decreased by approximately 33% under low N fertilizer supply. The mutation also changed the distribution of N between the vegetative and reproductive organs. Our findings suggest that the transcription factor OsSHR2 plays a regulatory role in the response of plant architecture and yield per plant to N in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by abnormal lipid deposition in the arteries. Programmed cell death is involved in the inflammatory response of atherosclerosis, but PANoptosis, as a new form of programmed cell death, is still unclear in atherosclerosis. This study explored the key PANoptosis-related genes involved in atherosclerosis and their potential mechanisms through bioinformatics analysis. Methods: We evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune infiltration landscape in atherosclerosis using microarray datasets and bioinformatics analysis. By intersecting PANoptosis-related genes from the GeneCards database with DEGs, we obtained a set of PANoptosis-related genes in atherosclerosis (PANoDEGs). Functional enrichment analysis of PANoDEGs was performed and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of PANoDEGs was established. The machine learning algorithms were used to identify the key PANoDEGs closely linked to atherosclerosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic potency of key PANoDEGs. CIBERSORT was used to analyze the immune infiltration patterns in atherosclerosis, and the Spearman method was used to study the relationship between key PANoDEGs and immune infiltration abundance. The single gene enrichment analysis of key PANoDEGs was investigated by GSEA. The transcription factors and target miRNAs of key PANoDEGs were predicted by Cytoscape and online database, respectively. The expression of key PANoDEGs was validated through animal and cell experiments. Results: PANoDEGs in atherosclerosis were significantly enriched in apoptotic process, pyroptosis, necroptosis, cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis. Four key PANoDEGs (ZBP1, SNHG6, DNM1L, and AIM2) were found to be closely related to atherosclerosis. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the key PANoDEGs had a strong diagnostic potential in distinguishing atherosclerotic samples from control samples. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that the proportion of initial B cells, plasma cells, CD4 memory resting T cells, and M1 macrophages was significantly higher in atherosclerotic tissues compared to normal tissues. Spearman analysis showed that key PANoDEGs showed strong correlations with immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells. The regulatory networks of the four key PANoDEGs were established. The expression of key PANoDEGs was verified in further cell and animal experiments. Conclusions: This study evaluated the expression changes of PANoptosis-related genes in atherosclerosis, providing a reference direction for the study of PANoptosis in atherosclerosis and offering potential new avenues for further understanding the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on the energy consumption (EC) and environmental pollution caused by carbon consumption in China's development. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is selected as the primary focus of investigation. To gain insight into the relationship between China's economic growth (EG) and carbon reduction (CR), two major research elements, the impact of each on the other is examined. The study mainly uses decoupling models and influence models to analyze the decoupling relationship and effectiveness between CR and EG. The research results showed that there was a difference between long-term and short-term effects. The short-term effect in the YRD region was manifested as a continuously improving decoupling state, while the long-term effect was manifested as the significant impact of population and per capita Gross Domestic Product on CR. The effect value of EC factor was 0.43, while the effect value of CR factor was 0.07. In functional comparison, the role of EC factors was more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deformation plays a vital role in the survival of natural organisms. One example is that plants deform themselves to face the sun for sufficient sunlight exposure, which allows them to produce nutrients through photosynthesis. Drawing inspiration from nature, researchers have been exploring the development of 3D deformable materials. However, the traditional approach to manufacturing deformable hydrogels relies on complex technology, which limits their potential applications. In this study, we simulate the stress variations observed in the plant tissue to create a 3D structure from a 2D material. Using UV curing technology, we create a single-layer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel sheet with microchannels that exhibit distinct swelling rates when subjected to stimulation. After a two-step curing process, we produce a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)–polyethylene glycol diacrylatedouble-layer structure that can be manipulated to change its shape by controlling the light and solvent content. Based on the double-layer structure, we fabricate a dual-response driven bionic mimosa robot that can perform a variety of functions. This soft robot can not only reversibly change its shape but also maintain a specific shape without continuous stimulation. Its capacity for reversible deformation, resulting from internal stress, presents promising application prospects in the biomedical and soft robotics domain. This study delivers an insightful framework for the development of programmable soft materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foam sandwich composite (FSC) has recently been widely used in transportation, aerospace, shipping, and construction because of its lightweight, high specific strength, stiffness, and fatigue resistance characteristics. This study aimed to prepare, characterize, and test FSC with different diluent addition amounts. Benzyl glycidyl ester was added to the epoxy foam (EF) as a reactive diluent. Then, the EF was introduced into the three‐dimensional hollow composite (3DHC) by vacuum introduction process to prepare the FSC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that increased diluent content enhanced SiN bond formation, augmenting thermal stability in resin molecules. The effects of different diluents on the mechanical properties of FSC showed that the mechanical properties of FSC were the best when the diluent content was 5 wt%. Compared with 3DHC, the flat compressive strength, flat tensile strength, and shear strength were increased by 7.2, 6.4, and 2.9 times, respectively. Highlights: Diluent improves foaming agent dispersion by lowering resin viscosity.Diluent makes the EP easier to be introduced into 3DHC.FSC demonstrates a 723% increase in flat compression strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), an opportunistic infection, often leads to an increase in hospitalization time and mortality rates in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. However, the risk factors associated with PJP in KT recipients remain debatable. Therefore, we conducted this meta‐analysis to identify risk factors for PJP, which could potentially help to reduce PJP incidence and improve outcome of KT recipients. Methods: We systematically retrieved relevant studies in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to November 2023. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the impact of potential risk factors on the occurrence of PJP. Results: 27 studies including 42383 KT recipients were included. In this meta‐analysis, age at transplantation (MD = 3.48; 95% CI =.56–6.41; p =.02), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (OR = 4.00; 95% CI = 2.53–6.32; p =.001), BK viremia (OR = 3.38; 95% CI = 1.70–6.71; p =.001), acute rejection (OR = 3.66; 95% CI = 2.44–5.49; p =.001), ABO‐incompatibility (OR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.57–4.01; p =.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (MD = ‐14.52; 95% CI = ‐25.37– (‐3.67); p =.009), lymphocyte count (MD = ‐.54; 95% CI = ‐.92– (‐.16); p =.006) and anti‐PJP prophylaxis (OR =.53; 95% CI =.28–.98; p =.04) were significantly associated with PJP occurrence. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that transplantation age greater than 50 years old, CMV infection, BK viremia, acute rejection, ABO‐incompatibility, decreased eGFR and lymphopenia were risk factors for PJP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global disease due to its high incidence. Hyperoside (HYP) is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound with many pharmacological effects. This study aimed to develop HYP-loaded mixed micelles (HYP-M) to improve oral bioavailability of HYP and to evaluate its therapeutic effect on UC. The prepared HYP-M exhibited stable physical and chemical properties, smaller particle size (PS) (21.48 ± 1.37 nm), good polydispersity index (PDI = 0.178 ± 0.013), negative Zeta potential (ZP) (− 20.00 ± 0.48 mV) and high entrapment rate (EE) (89.59 ± 2.03%). In vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic results showed that HYP-M significantly increased the releasing rate of HYP, wherein its oral bioavailability was 4.15 times higher than that of free HYP. In addition, HYP-M was more effective in the treatment of UC than free HYP. In conclusion, HYP-M could serve as a novel approach to improve bioavailability and increase anti-UC activity of HYP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) plays a critical role in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, studies on its efficacy in diagnosing recurrent HCC were rarely found. A multicenter, retrospective, and observational study was conducted. During the overall follow-up of 5 years, HCC patients who had curative resection were monitored every 3 months in the first year post-surgery and every 6 months thereafter if no recurrence occurred. Tumor markers were collected at the diagnosis of recurrence for those with recurrence and at the last follow-up for those without recurrence. The median serum levels of PIVKA-II and AFP in the recurrence group were significantly higher than those in the non-recurrence group (PIVKA-II: 84.62 vs. 18.76 mAU/ml, p < 0.001; AFP: 4.90 vs. 3.00 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and there is a significant correlation between PIVKA-II and AFP (R = 0.901, p < 0.001). PIVKA-II showed better accuracy than AFP in the diagnosis of overall recurrent HCC (AUC: 0.883 vs. 0.672; p < 0.0001), but also in patients with negative PIVKA-II before curative resection (AUC: 0.878 vs. 0.680, p = 0.001). Clinician should pay more attention to serum PIVKA-II values when following patients after curative HCC resection to detect early recurrence. Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR2300070874 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To establish and validate a predictive model combining pretreatment multiparametric MRI-based radiomic signatures and clinical characteristics for the risk evaluation of early rapid metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Methods: The cutoff time was used to randomly assign 219 consecutive patients who underwent chemoradiation treatment to the training group (n = 154) or the validation group (n = 65). Pretreatment multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) images of individuals with NPC were employed to extract 428 radiomic features. LASSO regression analysis was used to select radiomic features related to early rapid metastasis and develop the Rad-score. Blood indicators were collected within 1 week of pretreatment. To identify independent risk variables for early rapid metastasis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to construct a radiomics and clinical prediction nomogram that integrated radiomic features and clinical and blood inflammatory predictors. Results: The NLR, T classification and N classification were found to be independent risk indicators for early rapid metastasis by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Twelve features associated with early rapid metastasis were selected by LASSO regression analysis, and the Rad-score was calculated. The AUC of the Rad-score was 0.773. Finally, we constructed and validated a prediction model in combination with the NLR, T classification, N classification and Rad-score. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.936 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.901–0.971), and in the validation cohort, the AUC was 0.796 (95% CI: 0.686–0.905). Conclusions: A predictive model that integrates the NLR, T classification, N classification and MR-based radiomics for distinguishing early rapid metastasis may serve as a clinical risk stratification tool for effectively guiding individual management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winterberry holly (Ilex verticillata [L.] A. Gray), a deciduous shrub producing glossy bright red berries, is a valuable ornamental and medicinal plant with good market prospects. However, the growth and development of I. verticillata are significantly affected by various stresses, and environmentally hazardous agrochemicals are often used to mitigate them. Trichoderma spp. ubiquitous soil-borne eco-friendly plant growth-promoting fungi, are potent biostimulants and biofertilizers and viable alternatives to agrochemicals for healthy and sustainable agriculture. In this study, the temporal efficacy of different dosages of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 in promoting morphophysiological responses of I. verticillata and the physicochemical properties and enzymatic activities of the substrate were investigated. Different concentrations of the strain T. guizhouense NJAU4742 spore suspension (C [0%], T1 [5%, v/m], T2 [10%, v/m] and T3 [15%, v/m]) were injected in the substrate contained in a pot in which 1-year-old I. verticillata was planted for temporal treatment (15, 45 and 75 days) under open-air conditions. The beneficial effects of T2 and/or T3 treatment for a long duration (75 days) were evident on the different root, aerial and photosynthetic traits; total contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in different tissues and the physicochemical properties of the substrate and its enzymatic activities (urease and invertase). Overall, the study revealed the potency of strain T. guizhouense NJAU4742 as a sustainable solution to improve the growth and development and ornamental value of I. verticillata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of high-throughput sequencing and screening help to detect the transcriptional and metabolic discrepancies in organs provided with various levels of nutrients. The influences of individual essential amino acid (EAA) administration on transcriptomic and metabolomic profilings of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were systematically investigated. A RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry generated a comprehensive comparison of transcriptomics, non-targeted metabolomics and targeted amino acids profilings of BMECs with individual EAA stimulation by turn. The sequencing data and raw LC-MS/MS data of samples were presented in the databases of Gene Expression Omnibus, MetaboLights and Figshare for efficient reuse, including exploring the divergences in metabolisms between different EAAs and screening valuable genes and metabolites regulating casein synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock glaciers – periglacial landforms commonly found in high mountain systems – are of significant scientific value for inferring the presence of permafrost, understanding mountain hydrology, and assessing climate impacts on high mountain environments. However, inventories remain patchy in many alpine regions, and as a result they are poorly understood for some areas of High Mountain Asia such as the Tibetan Plateau. To address this gap, we propose an innovative deep learning-based mapping method that utilizes a powerful neural network, DeepLabv3+, to develop a full inventory of rock glaciers across the entire Tibetan plateau, i.e., TPRoGI [v1.0]. We use visually consistent image mosaics sourced from Planet Basemaps and existing local inventories from diverse regions as input training data to develop the deep learning model. This approach generated tens of thousands of candidate rock glaciers on the plateau which were then validated and screened by several analysts. The final inventory consists of a total of 44,273 rock glaciers, covering approximately 6,000 km2, with a mean area of 0.14 km2. They are predominantly situated at elevations ranging from 4,000 to 5,500 m.a.s.l., with a mean of 4,729 m.a.s.l.. They tend to occur on slopes with gradients between 10° and 25°, with a mean of 17.7°. Across the plateau, rock glaciers are widespread in the northwestern and southeastern areas, with dense concentrations in the Western Pamir and Nyainqêntanglha, while they are sparsely distributed in the inner part. Our inventory serves as a benchmark dataset, which will be further maintained and updated in the future. This dataset constitutes a significant contribution towards understanding, future monitoring and assessment of permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau in the context of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) contributes to the vast majority of cancer-related deaths. Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 12 (PSMD12), a subunit of 26S proteasome complex, is known to play the tumor-promoting role in several types of cancer but its function in NSCLC remains elusive. Objective: To explore the role and underlying mechanisms of PSMD12 in NSCLC. Methods: The PSMD12 expression in human normal lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and four NSCLC cell lines (A549, NCI-H1299, NCI-H1975, Calu-1) were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells were detected by CCK-8, EdU staining, immunofluorescence staining for E-cadherin, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays to assess cell viability, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, migration and invasion. Dual luciferase assay was used to verify the regulatory role of transcription factor on the promoter. Results: We identified the upregulation of PSMD12 in NSCLC tissues based on the GEO datasets, which further verified in NSCLC and BEAS-2B cell lines. PSMD12 knockdown significantly suppressed malignant behaviors of NSCLC cells, including cell growth, invasion, and migration, while PSMD12 overexpression presented the opposite effects. Interestingly, we found that PSMD12 upregulated the tumor-promoting factor TrxR1 mRNA expression. For its potential mechanisms, we demonstrated that PSMD12 elevated transcription factor Nrf2 protein level and promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation. And Nrf2 further increased TrxR1 promoter activity and enhanced TrxR1 transcription. Meanwhile, we proved that TrxR1 overexpression erased the inhibitory effect of PSMD12 knockdown. Conclusion: PSMD12 promotes NSCLC progression by activating the Nrf2/TrxR1 pathway, providing a novel prognostic and therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of social networks provides a broad platform for the dissemination of information and also leads to the proliferation of fake news and false information, which we collectively refer to as rumors. The spread of rumors causes unnecessary panic and loss to individuals and society. To reduce the negative impacts of rumors, an appropriate rumor control strategy is necessary. To come up with some reasonable strategies, we need to have a clearer understanding of the spread of rumors. In this paper, we analyze crowd attitudes during the spreading of rumors by setting the misinformation prevalent progress on the social network as a dynamic system. Considering that most people do not have a clear supportive or opposing attitude when exposed to rumor information, we introduce a new group, stiflers who remain neutral, based on the infectious disease model scheme. By deriving the mean-field equation describing the rumor propagation process, we judge the stability of the constructed model. Finally, we use the model to fit the real-world data related to COVID-19, and based on this, we discuss the properties of the model and propose related strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have shown that the chronic use of cannabis is associated with a decrease in blood pressure. Our previous studies prove that activating the cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor in the brain can effectively reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats; however, the exact mechanism has not been clarified. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that activation of microglial CB2 receptors can effectively reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) through inhibiting aerobic glycolysis, thereby relieving hypertension. Methods: AngiotensinII (AngII) was administered to BV2 cells and C57 mice to induce hypertension and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The mRNA and protein expression of the CB2 receptor, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and the PFK and LDHa enzymes were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The Seahorse XF Energy Metabolism Analyzer was used to measure the oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis metabolic pathways in BV2 cells. The long-term effects of injecting JWH133, a selective CB2 receptor agonist, intraperitoneally on blood pressure were ascertained. ELISA was used to measure norepinephrine and lactic acid levels while immunofluorescence labeling was used to locate the CB2 receptor and c-Fos. By injecting pAAV-F4/80-GFP-mir30shRNA (AAV2-r-CB2shRNA) into the lateral cerebral ventricle, the CB2 receptor in microglia was specifically knocked down. Results: Activation of CB2 receptors by the agonist JWH133 suppressed TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by inhibiting PFK and LDHa enzymes involved in glycolysis, as well as lactic acid accumulation, along with a reduction in glycoPER levels (marks of aerobic glycolysis) in AngII-treated BV2 cells. In AngII-treated mice, the administration of JWH133 specifically activated CB2 receptors on microglia, resulting in decreased expression levels of PFK, LDHa, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, subsequently leading to a decrease in c-Fos protein expression within PVN neurons as well as reduced norepinephrine levels in plasma, ultimately contributing to blood pressure reduction. Conclusion: The results suggest that activation of the microglia CB2 receptor decreases the neuroinflammation to relieve hypertension; the underlying mechanism is related to inhibiting aerobic glycolysis of microglia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective cognition score (OS)" (P=0.027) and "Composite score (CS)" (P=0.017). Compared with SI, network analysis revealed that SA had a unique network of cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Nevertheless, both networks exhibit comparable performance concerning the node strength of cognitive function. Within their separate networks, the aspects of CS, OS, and SP have emerged as the three most crucial elements. Conclusion: Adolescents with SI or SA exhibit a broad spectrum of cognitive impairments. Attention impairment can be beneficial in discerning between SI and SA. Future interventions for adolescent suicide can center on attention and the comprehensive cognitive ability that it represents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although proteinuria is long recognized as an independent risk factor for progressive chronic kidney diseases, not all forms of proteinuria are detrimental to kidney function, one of which is isolated proteinuria caused by cubilin (CUBN)‐specific mutations. CUBN encodes an endocytic receptor, initially found to be responsible for the Imerslund–Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS; OMIM #261100) characterized by a combined phenotype of megaloblastic anemia and proteinuria. Methods: After analyzing their clinical and pathological characterizations, next‐generation sequencing for renal disease genes or whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on four patients with non‐progressive isolated proteinuria. CUBN biallelic pathogenic variants were identified and further analyzed by cDNA‐PCR sequencing, immunohistochemistry, minigene assay, and multiple in silico prediction tools, including 3D protein modeling. Results: Here, we present four patients with isolated proteinuria caused by CUBN C‐terminal biallelic pathogenic variants, all of which showed no typical IGS symptoms, such as anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency. Their urine protein levels fluctuated between +~++ and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were normal or slightly higher. Mild mesangial hypercellularity was found in three children's renal biopsies. A homozygous splice‐site variant of CUBN (c.6821+3 (IVS44) A>G) was proven to result in the exon 44 skipping and premature translation termination by cDNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Compound heterozygous mutations were identified among the other three children, including another novel splice‐site variant (c.10764+1 (IVS66) G>A) causing the retention of first 4 nucleotides in intron 66 by minigene assay, two unreported missense mutations (c.4907G>A (p.R1636Q); c. 9095 A>G (p.Y3032C)), and two reported missense mutations in China (c.8938G>A (p.D2980N); c. 9287T>C (p.L3096P)), locating behind the vitamin B12‐binding domain, affecting CUB11, CUB16, CUB22, CUB23, and CUB27 domains, respectively. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that above CUBN mutations may cause non‐progressive and isolated proteinuria, expanding the variant spectrum of CUBN and benefiting our understanding of proteinuria and renal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic plants play a crucial role in the sustainable management of eutrophic water bodies, serving as a valuable tool for water purification. However, the effectiveness of using aquatic plants for improving water quality is influenced by landscape considerations. In practical applications, challenges arise concerning low purification efficiency and compromised aesthetic appeal when utilizing plants for water purification. To address these issues, this study aimed to examine the impact of aquatic plants on the purification of simulated landscape water bodies, specifically focusing on the effectiveness of the mosaic system of submerged–emerged plants in remediating eutrophic water bodies. Our findings indicated that individual aquatic plants exhibited limited efficacy in pollutant (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand) removal. However, when combined in appropriate proportions, submerged plants could enhance species growth and improve the purification efficiency of polluted water bodies. Notably, the mosaic system of submerged–emerged plants neither significantly promoted nor inhibited the growth of each other, but it effectively removed pollutants from the simulated water bodies and inhibited turbidity increase. The comprehensive evaluation ranked the purification capacity as Canna indica-submerged plants combination (C + S) > Thalia dealbata-submerged plants combination (T + S) > Iris pseudacorus-submerged plants combination (I + S) > Lythrum salicaria-submerged plants combination (L + S). Both C + S and T + S configurations effectively mitigated the rise of water turbidity and offered appealing landscape benefits, making them viable options for practical applications in urban landscape water bodies. Our study highlights that a submerged–emerged mosaic combination is a means of water purification that combines landscape aesthetics and purification efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3C 84 is a well‐known supermassive black hole that can be used to explore jet and accretion physics. In this work, we model the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) of the 3C 84, and find that the SED is difficult to fit with pure advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) or pure jet model. Using a coupled ADAF‐jet model to fit the SED of 3C 84, it is found that the radio emission and the millimeter emission can be naturally reproduced by the synchrotron radiation of nonthermal electrons in the jet, and that the X‐ray emission may predominantly come from inverse Compton radiation from electrons in ADAF. According to the Rotation Measure (RM) obtained by the polarization observation, we consider the possible location of the polarizing source and found that the calculated RM in the jet is roughly consistent with the observational constraints. These results will help us better understand jets produced by black holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban railway systems, the timetable guides the section operation of the single train and the arrangement of the train group to meet the dual needs of cost and passengers. This paper proposes a two‐objective train operation optimization based on eco‐driving and timetabling to restore a more realistic scene, including a method level and an objective level. For the method level, the speed curve optimization of the single train and the timetable optimization of the train group are adopted jointly. For the objective level, both the total energy consumption of the train group and the consuming time of passengers are considered. A hybrid solution strategy based on quadratic programming and improved artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed. A hardware‐in‐the‐loop platform is built to carry out validation experiments. Both the cases in general hours and special hours are verified based on the actual data from Beijing Metro Line 15. The results show that both the energy consumption and the passenger consuming time are reduced simultaneously. Correspondingly, the speed curve and the time distribution of the timetable are individually optimized based on the fluctuating passenger flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]