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Traditional methods for the separation of oil and water exhibit numerous flaws, including limited decontamination capacity, incomplete separation, complex operation, and environmental pollution. Although some film materials are widely used in the process of separating oil and water, they also present challenges such as susceptibility to contamination and high expenses. Here, three types of films are fabricated using waste glass as the raw material by incorporating diverse additives for achieving distinct microstructures. Different micromorphologies resulted in different film properties, with the superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic films prepared with KOH as an additive showing exceptional performance compared to the others, with separation efficiencies is 99.97%. Meanwhile, the preparation method of this film is characterized by low cost, simple operation and green environment. As a result, this has the potential for practical applications in the separation of oil and water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Promoting patient participation stands as a global priority in nursing care. Currently, there is a lack of a standardized tool to assess the culture of patient participation from the perspective of nurses in China. Aims: To translate and examine the validity and reliability of the Patient Participation Culture Tool for healthcare workers (PaCT-HCW) on general hospital wards in Chinese nursing context. Methods: A cross-sectional research study was conducted among 812 nurses. Brislin's recommendations were adhered to during the translation of the scale. Validity was assessed using construct validity, content validity, and face validity. Split-half reliability, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency reliability were used to evaluate dependability. The study was guided and reported following the STROBE checklist and recommendations for reporting the results of studies of instrument and scale development and testing. Results: The Chinese version of PaCT-HCW (the PaCT-HCW-C) exhibits good face validity and content validity. A rigorous exploratory factor analyse verified a six-factor (competence, support, perceived lack of time, information sharing and dialogue, response to questions and acceptance of a new role) scale structure with a cumulative variance contribution of the factors with 44 items of 68.840%. With a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.962, split-half reliability of 0.866, and intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.989, the instrument demonstrates great reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis results validated the consistency of the six factors with the structure of the PaCT-HCW-C scale. Conclusions: The 44-item PaCT-HCW-C is a valid and reliable instrument with satisfactory psychometric properties. It could serve as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of international programs aimed at fostering patient participation from the perspective of nurses, while also providing insights from China's practical experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on enterprise ambidextrous innovation can provide insight into firms' current innovation choice orientation, but few studies systematically reveal the relationship between the two. We have developed a new investment valuation construct that includes three parts: the direct net present value, growth option value, and strategic preemption value. Based on this, we systematically expound the relationship between EPU and enterprise ambidextrous innovation and explore the moderating effect of government subsidies and managerial ownership. Using the patent text mining data of Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2019 and exploiting the world average temperature as an instrument for EPU, we find that EPU promotes enterprise's exploitative innovation and inhibits enterprise's exploratory innovation through the redistribution of R&D investment in ambidextrous innovation. Government subsidies negatively moderate the relationship between EPU and enterprise exploitative innovation, but have no moderating effect on the relationship between EPU and enterprise exploratory innovation. While managerial ownership positively moderates the relationship between EPU and enterprise exploitative innovation, no evidence of a moderating effect was found in the relationship between EPU and enterprise exploratory innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a reliable indicator of visceral adiposity. However, no stu-dies have evaluated the association between VAI and DKD in US adults with diabetes. Theref-ore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between them and whether VAI is a good pr-edictor of DKD in US adults with diabetes. Our cross-sectional study included 2508 participan-ts with diabetes who were eligible for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to an-alyze the association between VAI level and DKD. Three models were used to control for pot-ential confounding factors, and subgroup analysis was performed for further verification. A tot-al of 2508 diabetic patients were enrolled, of whom 945 (37.68%) were diagnosed with DKD. Overall, the VAI was 3.36 ± 0.18 in the DKD group and 2.76 ± 0.11 in the control group. VAI was positively correlated with DKD (OR = 1.050, 95% CI 1.049, 1.050) after fully adjusting for co-nfounding factors. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of VAI, participants in the highest tertile of VAI had a significantly increased risk of DKD by 35.9% (OR = 1.359, 95% CI 1.355, 1.362). Through subgroup analysis, we found that VAI was positively correlated with the occurrence of DKD in all age subgroups, male(OR = 1.043, 95% CI 1.010, 1.080), participants wit-hout cardiovascular disease(OR = 1.038, 95% CI 1.011, 1.069), hypertension (OR = 1.054, 95% CI 1.021, 1.090), unmarried participants (OR = 1.153, 95% CI 1.036, 1.294), PIR < 1.30(OR = 1.049, 95% CI 1.010, 1.094), PIR ≧ 3 (OR = 1.085, 95% CI 1.021, 1.160), BMI ≧ 30 kg/m2 (OR = 1.050, 95% CI 1.016, 1.091), former smokers (OR = 1.060, 95% CI 1.011, 1.117), never exercised (OR = 1.033, 95% CI 1.004, 1.067), non-Hispanic white population (OR = 1.055, 95% CI 1.010, 1.106) and non-Hipanic black population (OR = 1.129, 95% CI 1.033, 1.258). Our results suggest that elevated VAI levels are closely associated with the development of DKD in diabetic patients. VAI may be a simpl-e and cost-effective index to predict the occurrence of DKD. This needs to be verified in furt-her prospective investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning-based object detection methods often grapple with excessive model parameters, high complexity, and subpar real-time performance. In response, the YOLO series, particularly the YOLOv5s to YOLOv8s methods, has been developed by scholars to strike a balance between real-time processing and accuracy. Nevertheless, YOLOv8's precision can fall short in certain specific applications. To address this, we introduce a real-time object detection method called η -RepYOLO, which is built upon the η -RepConv structure. This method is designed to maintain consistent detection speeds while improving accuracy. We begin by crafting a backbone network named η -EfficientRep, which utilizes a strategically designed network unit- η -RepConv and η -RepC2f module, to reparameterize and subsequently generate an efficient inference model. This model achieves superior performance by extracting detailed feature maps from images. Subsequently, we propose the enhanced η -RepPANet and η -RepAFPN as the model's detection neck, with the addition of the η -RepC2f for optimized feature fusion, thus boosting the neck's functionality. Our innovation continues with the development of an advanced decoupled head for detection, where the η -RepConv takes the place of the traditional 3 × 3 conv, resulting in a marked increase in detection precision during the inference stage. Our proposed η -RepYOLO method, when applied to distinct neck modules, η -RepPANet and η -RepAFPN, achieves mAP of 84.77%/85.65% on the PASCAL VOC07+12 dataset and AP of 45.3%/45.8% on the MSCOCO dataset, respectively. These figures represent a significant advancement over the YOLOv8s method. Additionally, the model parameters for η -RepYOLO are reduced to 10.8M/8.8M, which is 3.6%/21.4% less than that of YOLOv8, culminating in a more streamlined detection model. The detection speeds clocked on an RTX3060 are 116 FPS/81 FPS, showcasing a substantial enhancement in comparison to YOLOv8s. In summary, our approach delivers competitive performance and presents a more lightweight alternative to the SOTA YOLO models, making it a robust choice for real-time object detection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning-based object detection methods often grapple with excessive model parameters, high complexity, and subpar real-time performance. In response, the YOLO series, particularly the YOLOv5s to YOLOv8s methods, has been developed by scholars to strike a balance between real-time processing and accuracy. Nevertheless, YOLOv8’s precision can fall short in certain specific applications. To address this, we introduce a real-time object detection method called η -RepYOLO, which is built upon the η -RepConv structure. This method is designed to maintain consistent detection speeds while improving accuracy. We begin by crafting a backbone network named η -EfficientRep, which utilizes a strategically designed network unit- η -RepConv and η -RepC2f module, to reparameterize and subsequently generate an efficient inference model. This model achieves superior performance by extracting detailed feature maps from images. Subsequently, we propose the enhanced η -RepPANet and η -RepAFPN as the model’s detection neck, with the addition of the η -RepC2f for optimized feature fusion, thus boosting the neck’s functionality. Our innovation continues with the development of an advanced decoupled head for detection, where the η -RepConv takes the place of the traditional 3 × 3 conv, resulting in a marked increase in detection precision during the inference stage. Our proposed η -RepYOLO method, when applied to distinct neck modules, η -RepPANet and η -RepAFPN, achieves mAP of 84.77%/85.65% on the PASCAL VOC07+12 dataset and AP of 45.3%/45.8% on the MSCOCO dataset, respectively. These figures represent a significant advancement over the YOLOv8s method. Additionally, the model parameters for η -RepYOLO are reduced to 10.8M/8.8M, which is 3.6%/21.4% less than that of YOLOv8, culminating in a more streamlined detection model. The detection speeds clocked on an RTX3060 are 116 FPS/81 FPS, showcasing a substantial enhancement in comparison to YOLOv8s. In summary, our approach delivers competitive performance and presents a more lightweight alternative to the SOTA YOLO models, making it a robust choice for real-time object detection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The caregiver contribution to self-care plays an important role in improving the health outcomes of chronic patients, which needs urgent attention. However, it has been hindered by the lack of a tailored instrument that assesses the caregiver contribution to self-care of stroke. Objectives: To test the psychometric characteristics of the caregiver contribution to self-care of stroke Inventory (CC-SCSI) in health care practice. Methods: Participants were recruited in Henan Province from March 2021 to October 2022, utilizing a multicenter stratified sampling approach. A 23-item self-report CC-SCSI with 3 separate scales measuring caregiver contribution to self-care maintenance of stroke, caregiver contribution to self-care monitoring of stroke and caregiver contribution to self-care management of stroke was tested for validity through discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity and convergent validity. The reliability was tested by Cronbach's α coefficient and test-retest reliability. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. A STROBE checklist was used. Results: The three scales of the CC-SCSI exhibited good discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of the Caregiver Contribution to Stroke Self-Care Maintenance and Management scales and the one-factor structure of the Caregiver Contribution to Stroke Self-Care Monitoring scale. The moderate correlation between the CC-SCSI and the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory indicated acceptable concurrent validity. The moderate correlation between the CC-SCSI and the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory indicated acceptable convergent validity. Cronbach's αs for the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care Maintenance, Self-Care Monitoring, and Self-Care Management scales ranged from 0.876 to 0.974. Test-retest reliability showed average ICC values ranging from 0.828 to 0.903 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The 23-item CC-SCSI presents good psychometric properties and could be used to explore the caregiver contribution to stroke self-care in health care practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object detection algorithm YOLOv5, which is based on deep learning, experiences inefficiencies due to an overabundance of model parameters and an overly complex structure. These drawbacks hinder its deployment on mobile devices, which are constrained by their computational capabilities and storage capacities. Addressing these limitations, we introduce a lightweight object detection algorithm that harnesses the coordinate attention (CA) mechanism in synergy with the YOLOv5 framework. Our approach embeds the CA mechanism into MobileNetv2 to create MobileNetv2-CA, thereby replacing the CSDarkNet53 as YOLOv5’s backbone network. This innovation not only trims the model’s parameter count but also maintains a competitive level of accuracy. Further amplifying performance, we propose a multi-scale fast spatial pyramid pooling (MSPPF) layer, designed to expedite and refine the model’s handling of various input image dimensions. Complementing this, we incorporate MPANet, a feature fusion network comprising optimally designed upsampling and downsample modules, along with feature extraction cells. This configuration is devised to elevate detection precision while minimizing the parameter overhead. Empirical results showcase the prowess of our methodology: we achieve a mean average precision (mAP) of 87.6% on the PASCAL VOC07+12 dataset and an average precision (AP) of 39.4% on the MS COCO dataset, with the model’s parameter size being a mere 10.1MB. When compared to the original YOLOv5, our proposed model achieves a parameter reduction of 76.9% and operates at a velocity that is 1.72 times faster, reaching 54.9 frames per second (FPS) on an NVIDIA RTX3060. Versus SOTA techniques, our method demonstrates a commendable equilibrium between accuracy and real-time performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current target detection algorithm based on deep learning has many redundant convolution calculations, which are difficult to apply to low-energy mobile devices, such as intelligent inspection robots and automatic driving. To solve this problem, we propose a lightweight target detection algorithm, L-SSD, based on depth-separable convolution. First, we chose the lightweight network MobileNetv2 as the backbone feature extraction network, and we proposed an upsampling feature fusion module (UFFM) to fuse the output feature maps of MobileNetv2. Deep semantic information is introduced into the shallow feature map to improve the feature extraction capability while reducing the complexity of the model. Second, we propose a local–global feature extraction module (LGFEM), which uses LGFEM to generate five additional feature layers to expand the feature map’s receptive field and improve the model’s detection accuracy. Then, we use an improved weighted bidirectional feature pyramid (BiFPN) for feature fusion to construct a new feature pyramid that fully utilizes the feature information between different layers. Finally, we propose asymmetric spatial attention (ASA) that enhances the expression ability of the features before BiFPN feature fusion, providing good positional information for the feature pyramid. Experimental results on the PASCAL VOC and MS COCO datasets show that the model parameters and model complexity of L-SSD are reduced by 85.9% and 96.1%, respectively, compared to SSD. A detection speed of 106 frames per second was achieved in NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 with detection accuracies of 73.8% and 22.4%, respectively. The optimal balance of model parameters, model complexity, detection accuracy, and speed are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory (SCSI). A cross-sectional, instrument development and the psychometric testing study was conducted. A 23-item self-report Self-Care of Stroke Inventory with 3 separate scales was developed. This study involved three stages: (a) Initial items generation; (b) Content and face validation; (c) Psychometric properties evaluation. The SCSI was validated by content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. From the initial 80-item pool, 24 items of 3 scales in the SCSI were retained by the expert consultation and item analysis. The scale's content validity was 0.976, 0.966, and 0.973. The EFA showed the total variance explained by the 3 scales of the SCSI were 73.417%, 74.281%, and 80.207%, respectively. The models of the 3 scales identified by EFA were all confirmed by the CFA. The SCSI scale shows evidence of good convergent validity. Cronbach's αs were 0.830, 0.930, and 0.831. Test-retest reliability of the SCSI was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.945, 0.907, and 0.837. The final 23-item SCSI presents good psychometric properties and can be used to explore the self-care of stroke in community settings. This study developed and validated the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory (SCSI). The SCSI contains the following 3 scales: the Self-care Maintenance of Stroke scale, the Self-care Monitoring of Stroke scale, and the Self-care Management of Stroke scale The 23-item SCSI demonstrated strong psychometric properties. The SCSI may be used to develop future programmes to promote self-care for stroke survivors and improve their rehabilitation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to describe the experience and practice of an intervention process for mental health crisis with 14,093 students living in a suddenly quarantined campus during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: An expert committee of psychiatrists, psychologists and student counsellors was formed to manage the psychological crisis experienced by students. The committee provided online and onsite support, disclosed timely information, attended various online courses and facilitated various activities. Using the PHQ‐9, GAD‐7 and ISI scales, psychological weekly reports, student files and emergencies, students who were likely to have a crisis event were screened, and their degree of crisis was evaluated. A "one person–one case–one team" intervention was conducted for high‐risk students. Results: Of the 14,093 students, 11,121 finished all three online questionnaires. Based on the results of the screening tests, 732 students were placed in the prioritised attention group, 293 in the crisis group and 33 (10 [3.41%] male and 23 [7.85%] female) showed severe suicidal intentions. In total, 186 (3.26%) students declared poor sleep quality, while 610 (10.05%) students were found to have depression. The number of students affected with generalised anxiety was 650 (10.77%). Clinical intervention was successful with no untoward incidents. Conclusions: With strong support from the government, and the cooperation between multidisciplinary experts and the comprehensive intervention programme, the study obtained positive results. However, the limitations include the partial online survey responses and incomplete records of intervention. Nevertheless, the findings of this study could provide a foundation for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information processing theory was applied to explore how external information processing and internal information sharing affect a firm's choice of a green strategy. Analyses of two datasets from Chinese manufacturing firms reveal that environment scanning and inter‐functional coordination are important drivers for the adoption of a green strategy. Specifically, firms that engage in extensive environment scanning tend to adopt reactive as opposed to proactive green strategies, whereas firms with effective inter‐functional coordination mechanisms tend to adopt proactive rather than reactive green strategies. An entrepreneurial orientation plays a complementary role in a firm's choice of green strategy. It increases the likelihood that a firm will adopt proactive rather than reactive green strategies, and it further strengthens the influences of environment scanning and inter‐functional coordination. Overall, these findings offer significant implications for firms regarding how and under what conditions they should adopt green strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: UV rays not only cause oxidative damage to the skin, but also damage its barrier function. The use of sunscreen is crucial in preventing skin from UV radiation, but it may have an impact on the function of the skin barrier. While much research has focused on the protective effects of sunscreen against UV oxidative damage, little is known about the impact of daily sunscreen use on the skin barrier. Objective: This study mainly investigated the changes in skin barrier function of volunteers (including those with sensitive skin) before and after using a ceramide‐containing sunscreen. Methods: A total of 60 volunteers used SPF30 sunscreen containing ceramide every morning. Using non‐invasive methods to detect skin barrier changes in TEWL, hydration, facial redness based on VISIA‐CR image, and Erythema index (EI) value after 4 weeks of using ceramide‐containing sunscreen. Adverse reactions were also assessed. Results: After 4 weeks of using ceramide‐containing sunscreen, significant reductions were observed in skin redness with both an 11.89% decrease in a* value and a 5.68% decrease in skin EI, while there was also a significant decrease in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) with a reduction of 22.96%, and a significant increase in skin hydration with a 21.96% increase in the moisture content of the stratum corneum. No adverse events occurred during the entire testing process. Conclusion: Daily application of ceramide‐containing sunscreen can increase skin hydration while enhancing the function of the skin barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The protection for ultra‐long UVA1 is lacked in the market, posing potential damage from ultra‐long UVA1 irradiation. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a sunscreen containing multiple components, especially Mexoryl® 400 for improving skin barrier function and reducing melanin content. Methods: This single‐center study included adults with sensitive and normal skin in China in November 2022. Participants received the test sunscreen for 4 weeks. Melanin and hemoglobin content, sebum secretion skin hydration, and trans‐epidermal water loss were evaluated at T0d, T7d, and T28d. The self‐assessment was done at T15min, T7d, and T28d. Results: Sixty participants were included, including 30 self‐claimed sensitive skin in the sunscreen group. The sunscreen demonstrated significant improvements in skin parameters. Skin redness reduced by 9.84% at T28d, sebum content in the forehead area decreased by 22.70% at T28d, and skin stratum corneum hydration increased by 38.44% at T28d, p < 0.001 respectively. Most notably, skin melanin content significantly reduced by 13.49% after 4 weeks' usage (p < 0.001). No adverse reactions were reported in either group. Conclusions: The study sunscreen improved the skin condition by decreasing the melanin content, regulating skin barrier function, and achieving a balance of skin hydration and sebum secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One factor that influences nursing students' decision to engage in volunteer activities is volunteer motivation. It is important to understand the motivations of nursing students to volunteer. However, the majority of current studies have concentrated on the present level of nursing students' motivation to volunteer. Objectives: To identify subgroups of nursing students' volunteer motivation and its influential factors. Methods: From January to February 2022, a cross-sectional online study was conducted, and 2569 nursing students from 10 provinces in China were recruited. Participants completed the General Information Questionnaire, Volunteer Functional Inventory (VFI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). We explore the categories and characteristics of volunteer motivation using latent profile analysis. Then, we determined factors that affect undergraduate nursing students' volunteer motivation using multinomial logistic regression. Results: The volunteer motivation score of the nursing students was 77.65 (15.22). The study found that volunteer motivation could be divided into three categories: low-low protective volunteer motivation group (9.3%), general-high career values volunteer motivation group (37.5%), and high volunteer motivation group (53.2%). Perceived social support scale score, perceived stress scale score, gender, and grade significantly influenced the volunteer motivation of nursing students in different categories (both P < 0.05). Women were more likely to have higher motivation to volunteer than men, and fourth-year nursing students were more likely to be in general-high career values volunteer motivation group. Conclusions: The study highlights the significant heterogeneity in volunteer motivation among nursing students. Higher volunteer motivation was associated with higher perceived social support and lower perceived stress. In addition, gender and academic year were significant influencing factors. Nursing educators should develop targeted volunteer management plans based on the typological characteristics of the population to motivate nursing students to volunteer and promote the development of individual physical and mental health and social well-being. Trial registration: The survey was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Department of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University (No. 2022–0006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One factor that influences nursing students' decision to engage in volunteer activities is volunteer motivation. It is important to understand the motivations of nursing students to volunteer. However, the majority of current studies have concentrated on the present level of nursing students' motivation to volunteer. Objectives: To identify subgroups of nursing students' volunteer motivation and its influential factors. Methods: From January to February 2022, a cross-sectional online study was conducted, and 2569 nursing students from 10 provinces in China were recruited. Participants completed the General Information Questionnaire, Volunteer Functional Inventory (VFI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). We explore the categories and characteristics of volunteer motivation using latent profile analysis. Then, we determined factors that affect undergraduate nursing students' volunteer motivation using multinomial logistic regression. Results: The volunteer motivation score of the nursing students was 77.65 (15.22). The study found that volunteer motivation could be divided into three categories: low-low protective volunteer motivation group (9.3%), general-high career values volunteer motivation group (37.5%), and high volunteer motivation group (53.2%). Perceived social support scale score, perceived stress scale score, gender, and grade significantly influenced the volunteer motivation of nursing students in different categories (both P < 0.05). Women were more likely to have higher motivation to volunteer than men, and fourth-year nursing students were more likely to be in general-high career values volunteer motivation group. Conclusions: The study highlights the significant heterogeneity in volunteer motivation among nursing students. Higher volunteer motivation was associated with higher perceived social support and lower perceived stress. In addition, gender and academic year were significant influencing factors. Nursing educators should develop targeted volunteer management plans based on the typological characteristics of the population to motivate nursing students to volunteer and promote the development of individual physical and mental health and social well-being. Trial registration: The survey was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Department of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University (No. 2022–0006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sensitive skin is a common condition affecting a significant proportion of the population, and there is a growing demand for effective and safe management. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a cream containing panthenol, prebiotics, and probiotic lysate as an optimal care for facial sensitive skin. Methods: A total of 110 participants (64 in group A and 46 in group B) with facial sensitive skin applied the cream twice daily for 28 days. Group A evaluated their sensitive skin, product efficacy, and product use experience at D0 (15 min), D1, D14, and D28. In group B, skin barrier function‐related indicators were measured at baseline and on D1, D7, D14, and D28. Dermatologists evaluated tolerance for all participants. Results: After 28 days of use, in group A, 100% of participants reported mildness and comfort with product use. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in skin barrier function‐related indicators, including increased stratum corneum moisture content, reduced erythema index, elevated sebum content, decreased trans‐epidermal water loss, and diminished skin redness parameter a* value (all p < 0.05). Dermatologist evaluations revealed excellent tolerance among all participants. Conclusion: The panthenol‐enriched cream with prebiotics and probiotic lysate exhibited substantial clinical efficacy in ameliorating facial sensitive skin conditions, coupled with a high safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Within root systems, framework pioneer roots mainly function in soil exploration and resource transport, while fibrous roots and their associated fungi extend the foraging soil space for resource absorption. However, the plasticity of pioneer and fibrous roots in response to elevated nutrient availability has received relatively little attention. Methods: For three hardwood species, newly formed root branches were harvested in order to compare pioneer and fibrous roots for variation in morphology, mycorrhizal colonization and anatomy, as well as their trait shifts in response to fertilization. Results: Compared with the fibrous roots, pioneer roots were generally larger in diameter, stele and cortex size, root tissue density, and hydraulic conductivity, but lower in specific root length (SRL) and mycorrhizal colonization rate (MCR). Fertilization generally decreased SRL and MCR in fibrous roots, and increased conduit diameters in pioneer roots. Additionally, fertilization enhanced hydraulic conductivity for all three species: 162, 45 and 263% in pioneer roots, and 46, 13 and 172% in fibrous roots for Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. and Phellodendron amurense Rupr., respectively. Conclusions: Pioneer and fibrous roots responded differently to fertilization. The resulting enhanced resource transportation capacity may serve to mitigate the toxic effect in fibrous roots and avoid pioneer roots becoming a bottleneck for absorbed water and nutrient in an expanding root system, suggesting tightly associated traits and functional equilibrium within an individual root and even the root branches. The observed trait shifts and coordination between pioneer and fibrous roots would facilitate resource acquisition in changing soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Promoting self‐care is the core response strategy of the global health system to the burden of stroke. Although self‐care in stroke represents a dyadic phenomenon, the dyadic self‐care experience of stroke survivors and their caregivers is often overlooked in clinical practice. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the dyadic self‐care experience of stroke survivors and their caregivers. Design: A descriptive qualitative design was used to conduct the study. Results: The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research was used for study reporting. A total of 21 stroke survivor–caregiver dyads were recruited for this study between May 2022 and September 2022. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. In this study, four themes were identified: (1) poor relationship quality of the dyads, (2) dyadic incongruence in managing stroke, (3) a slow and tiring dyadic self‐care process and (4) happy cooperation in coping with dyadic self‐care. Discussion and Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should give greater consideration to the contradictions and disparities that may arise between stroke survivors and caregivers during the self‐care process. It is crucial for them to provide personalized and tailored support and interventions that can assist these individuals in achieving a more optimal balance in their dyadic self‐care. Patient/Public Contribution: Patients were involved in the formulation of interview questions for this study. No members of the public were involved in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively identified in eukaryotic genomes and have been shown to play critical roles in the development of multiple cancers. Through the application and development of ribosome analysis and sequencing technologies, advanced studies have discovered the translation of lncRNAs. Although lncRNAs were originally defined as noncoding RNAs, many lncRNAs actually contain small open reading frames that are translated into peptides. This opens a broad area for the functional investigation of lncRNAs. Here, we introduce prospective methods and databases for screening lncRNAs with functional polypeptides. We also summarize the specific lncRNA-encoded proteins and their molecular mechanisms that promote or inhibit cancerous. Importantly, the role of lncRNA-encoded peptides/proteins holds promise in cancer research, but some potential challenges remain unresolved. This review includes reports on lncRNA-encoded peptides or proteins in cancer, aiming to provide theoretical basis and related references to facilitate the discovery of more functional peptides encoded by lncRNA, and to further develop new anti-cancer therapeutic targets as well as clinical biomarkers of diagnosis and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the digital economy, understanding the impact of digital participation on farmers' environmental behavior is crucial for promoting environmental literacy and improving quality of life. This study focuses on the influence of internet use on domestic waste sorting among farm households in rural areas of eastern, central, and western China, based on data from a micro survey conducted in 2126 households. The study utilizes an ordered probability model to examine the impact of internet use on waste sorting behavior and explores any heterogeneity in this relationship. The results reveal that internet use significantly increases the likelihood of farmers participating in domestic waste sorting. This finding remains consistent even after conducting robustness tests. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that internet use reduces the probability of non-participation in waste separation by 14.9%, while increasing the proportion of waste sorting into two, three, and four categories by 3.86, 5.99, and 5.04%, respectively. In other words, farmers who use the internet are more likely to engage in proper waste separation practices. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the promotion of internet use facilitates information access for traditionally marginalized groups, such as women, older individuals, those with low income, and those with low education levels. Consequently, these groups are more likely to participate in household waste sorting. This study serves as an important reference for developing countries and regions that aim to enhance residential waste participation through internet use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Compassion is closely linked to psychological well-being, and several assessment tools have been developed and studied to assess the level of compassion in different populations and for more precise measurement. There is currently a scarcity of comprehensive knowledge about compassion-related assessment tools, and our research provides an overview of these tools. Aims: To identify scales used to measure compassion from different flows, and to assess their measurement properties and quality. Methods: Focusing on compassion assessment tools, the authors conducted a thorough search of 10 Chinese and English databases from their establishment until August 14, 2022. Data extracted included the author, year, country, objectives, target population, as well as the primary evaluation content. Using the COSMIN checklist, the methodological quality and measurement properties of the included studies were appraised. This scoping review was registered with the Open Science Framework and followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. Results: There were 15,965 papers searched, and 36 compassion-related measurement tools were identified in this study. None of the 36 studies provided possessed all nine psychometric properties, as outlined by the COSMIN criteria. On the basis of a systematic evaluation of quality, measurement qualities were ranked. The results for internal consistency and content validity were relatively favorable, whereas the results for structural validity were variable and the results for the remaining attributes were either uncertain or negative. A Venn diagram was used to illustrate the overlapping groups of compassion measurement tools based on the three-way flow of compassion. An overview of the reference instrument and theoretical basis for the included studies was provided, and half of them did not contain any theoretical or scale-based evidence. Conclusion: In this study, 36 compassion-related measuring instruments were identified, and the methodological quality and measurement properties of the included studies were acceptable. The included measurements were consistent with flows of compassion. A further focus of further research should be on developing theories in the compassion domain and developing instruments for measuring compassion that are multidimensional, multi-populations, and culturally relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One factor that influences nursing students' decision to pursue a nursing career is professional calling. It is important to comprehend nursing students' professional calling, which may have an impact on their career choice and career development. Objectives: To investigate possible calling types and contributing variables among nursing students. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants: A total of 10,583 nursing students were enrolled in this survey. Methods: From November 16th, 2022, to January 17th, 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out among nursing students using a convenient sampling. The subjects were given the Chinese Calling Scale and the General Demographic Information Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to separate nursing students' professional calling into a variety of subgroups. To find the variables connected to the prospective calling categories, we used ordinal and multinomial Logistic regression analysis. Results: Respondents were divided into three calling groups, low (N = 3204), moderate (N = 4492), and high calling group (N = 2887), which accounted for 30.3%, 42.4%, and 27.3% of the total respondents, respectively, in accordance with the findings of the latent profile analysis. Across scale scores and dimensions for the three separate categories, three groups demonstrated statistically significant differences (both p < 0.001). Profile membership was predicted by 8 factors such as age, gender, location of origin, first volunteer experience, highest degree earned, marital status, student leadership experience, and political appearance. Conclusion: Three latent calling patterns were found, and there was calling variability across nursing students. Special care should be given to students with low calling. Nursing students must use professional education tools to help them develop their career calling and stabilize the nursing team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Oily skin, characterized by excessive sebum production, can lead to acne and have psychosocial impacts due to changes in appearance. Recent research has shown interest in treatments for oil control, with kaolin and bentonite emerging as promising options. Despite their potential, comprehensive studies on these ingredients are still in the nascent stages. AIM: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a clay mask (La Roche‐Posay Effaclar Sebo‐Controlling Mask) in reducing skin oiliness and acne, and its safety for use. METHODS: In this study, 75 adults with oily or combination skin were enrolled and provided with a clay mask for twice‐weekly use over 4 weeks. Clinical assessments, using instruments like Sebumeter, Vapometer, and Corneometer, were conducted at baseline, and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks, evaluating acne lesions, skin irritation, sebum content, and skin hydration. Participant self‐assessment questionnaires were also utilized for subjective evaluation. Statistical analyses were performed accordingly. RESULTS: The study revealed significant improvements in acne‐related outcomes, sebum content, skin evenness, stratum corneum water content, and transepidermal water loss following the application of the clay mask. Pore area and porphyrin area showed no significant changes. Tolerance assessment showed reduced dryness and irritation, with self‐assessment indicating high product acceptability and perceived oil control effectiveness. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the clay mask's efficacy in managing acne and oily skin, improving hydration and texture. Significant improvements in skin parameters and high product safety were observed, supporting its suitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One factor that influences nursing students' decision to pursue a nursing career is professional calling. It is important to comprehend nursing students' professional calling, which may have an impact on their career choice and career development. Objectives: To investigate possible calling types and contributing variables among nursing students. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants: A total of 10,583 nursing students were enrolled in this survey. Methods: From November 16th, 2022, to January 17th, 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out among nursing students using a convenient sampling. The subjects were given the Chinese Calling Scale and the General Demographic Information Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to separate nursing students' professional calling into a variety of subgroups. To find the variables connected to the prospective calling categories, we used ordinal and multinomial Logistic regression analysis. Results: Respondents were divided into three calling groups, low (N = 3204), moderate (N = 4492), and high calling group (N = 2887), which accounted for 30.3%, 42.4%, and 27.3% of the total respondents, respectively, in accordance with the findings of the latent profile analysis. Across scale scores and dimensions for the three separate categories, three groups demonstrated statistically significant differences (both p < 0.001). Profile membership was predicted by 8 factors such as age, gender, location of origin, first volunteer experience, highest degree earned, marital status, student leadership experience, and political appearance. Conclusion: Three latent calling patterns were found, and there was calling variability across nursing students. Special care should be given to students with low calling. Nursing students must use professional education tools to help them develop their career calling and stabilize the nursing team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preeclampsia has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the preeclamptic women were unaware of this link. Therefore, this study aims to assess women's knowledge and perception of future CVD after preeclampsia. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. Two hundred and forty-six women with a preeclampsia history were recruited from the Al Salam MCH Center and Suez Canal University Hospital. Data were collected during March 2022 using a socio-demographic questionnaire, an Adapted Coronary Heart disease knowledge tool for preeclamptic women, and The Perception of Risk of Heart Disease Scale (PRHDS). Most women (96%) were unaware of the relationship between CVD and preeclampsia. The women had a low CVD knowledge level (10.26 ± 6.08) as well as a low perception of cardiovascular disease risk (37.15 ± 7.22). There was a significant positive correlation between CVD knowledge and CVD risk perception (r = 0.434, p = 0.000). This study found that preeclampsia survivors underestimated their CVD risk. Based on these findings, preeclamptic women should receive health education sessions on CVD risk and prevention from their nurses and obstetricians. The hospital pre-discharge plan must contain these sessions in written and electronic formats to help women remember and follow CVD risk reduction measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Meaning in life, defined by an individual's understanding and appreciation of life, is a vital aspect of a positive psychological state, that has a significant influence on physical and mental health. Therefore, improving the sense of meaning in life among nursing students has emerged as a crucial concern in nursing education. This study aimed to clarify the profiles and influencing factors of meaning in life among nursing students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted among nursing students in China from November 16, 2022, to January 17, 2023. The demographic information questionnaire and the meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ) were used to collect data. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify groups exhibiting distinct levels of meaning in life. Additionally, univariate analysis and multinominal logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the factors influencing each group. The reporting of this study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Results: A total of 10,583 valid responses were received, and the analysis revealed four distinct profiles. The profiles identified were the medium meaning group (C1, 41.4%), medium fluctuation meaning-no motivation group (C2, 8.7%), lower meaning group (C3, 9.7%), and higher meaning group (C4, 40.2%). The univariate analysis revealed that age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, grade, university classification, student leadership experience, and political affiliation were factors that influenced the four latent profiles (P < 0.05). The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, ethnicity, education level, and student leadership experience were significant predictors of the various profiles (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is heterogeneous in meaning in life among nursing students in China. Nursing educators need to provide tailored guidance based on the latent classification characteristics of meaning in life among nursing students, aiming at improving their meaning in life and promoting the development of the nursing workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the relationship between stroke survivors' perceptions of recurrence risk, coping styles and depression state, and the role coping styles play in mediating that relationship. Design: A cross‐sectional descriptive study. Methods: From one hospital in Huaxian, China, 320 stroke survivors were randomly selected as a convenience sample. In this research, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 and the Stroke Recurrence Risk Perception Scale were all used. Structural equation modelling and correlation analysis were used to analyse the data. This research followed the EQUATOR and STROBE checklists. Results: There were 278 valid survey responses. There were mild to severe depressive symptoms in 84.8% of stroke survivors. In stroke survivors, there was a significant negative relationship (p < 0.01) between the positive coping of perceptions of recurrence risk and their depression state. Recurrence risk perception's impact on depression state was partly mediated, according to mediation studies, by coping style, with the mediation effect accounting for 44.92% of the overall effect. Conclusions: The connection between perceptions of recurrence risk and depression state was mediated by the coping mechanisms of stroke survivors. A lower degree of depression state among survivors was connected with positive coping to the beliefs of recurrence risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient catalyst for Li–O2 batteries based on Ru and MnFe phosphides nanoparticles entrapped in a MnFe Prussian blue analogue (PBA) substrate (Ru-MnFeP/PBA) was explored. Synergy between homogeneous Ru and MnFe phosphides nanoparticles improved the catalytic activity and alleviated side reactions. The Li–O2 battery based on Ru-MnFeP/PBA exhibited excellent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multimorbidity has a significant impact on public health and primary care. Medication adherence is recognized as the most effective measure for managing and preventing multimorbidity. Studies have shown that medication literacy has a positive effect on medication adherence in patients with multimorbidity. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the underlying mechanisms of this relationship in older adults with multimorbidity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the association between medication literacy and medication adherence in this population. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling method to survey older patients with multimorbidity in six communities in Zhengzhou, China, from July 12, 2021, to December 15, 2021. Participants were assessed using a demographic questionnaire, the Chinese Version of the Medication Literacy Scale (C-MLS), the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS), and the Chinese Version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (C-MMAS-8). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and mediation analysis. Results: A total of 350 elderly patients met the inclusion criteria, and 328 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the participants was 74.90 ± 7.37 years, with a slightly higher proportion of males (55.8%) than females (44.2%). The mean score for medication adherence was 4.85 ± 1.57, indicating poor medication adherence among the participants. Medication adherence scores varied significantly among participants of different ages, education levels, employment statuses and kinds of medication (p < 0.01). Scores for medication literacy and self-efficacy showed a significant positive correlation with medication adherence scores (all p < 0.001). The standardized coefficient for the total effect and direct effect of medication literacy on medication adherence was 0.268 (95% CI: 0.201, 0.335) and 0.187 (95% CI: 0.123, 0.252), respectively. After introducing self-efficacy into the model, the standardized coefficient for the indirect effect was 0.081 (95% CI: 0.049, 0.120), indicating that self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between medication literacy and medication adherence, accounting for 30.22% of the total effect. Conclusion: This study might suggest that medication literacy indirectly affected medication adherence in older people with multimorbidity through self-efficacy. Health care providers should be aware of the importance of improving medication literacy and implement strategies aimed at increasing self-efficacy to achieve the goal of improving medication adherence in older adults with multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superstructure composed of various functional building units is promising nanostructure for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) anodes with extreme volume change and structure instability, such as silicon‐based materials. Here, a top‐down route to fabricate Si/SiO2@graphene superstructure is demonstrated through reducing silicalite‐1 with magnesium reduction and depositing carbon layers. The successful formation of superstructure lies on the strong 3D network formed by the bridged‐SiO2 matrix coated around silicon nanoparticles. Furthermore, the mesoporous Si/SiO2 with amorphous bridged SiO2 facilitates the deposition of graphene layers, resulting in excellent structural stability and high ion/electron transport rate. The optimized Si/SiO2@graphene superstructure anode delivers an outstanding cycling life for ≈1180 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 over 500 cycles, excellent rate capability for ≈908 mAh g−1 at 12 A g−1, great areal capacity for ≈7 mAh cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2, and extraordinary mechanical stability. A full cell test using LiFePO4 as the cathode manifests a high capacity of 134 mAh g−1 after 290 loops. More notably, a series of technologies disclose that the Si/SiO2@graphene superstructure electrode can effectively maintain the film between electrode and electrolyte in LIBs. This design of Si/SiO2@graphene superstructure elucidates a promising potential for commercial application in high‐performance LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competitive advantage of lianas over trees has been widely documented in studies of their leaf functional traits across diverse habitats; however, the relative contribution of root functional traits to the competitive superiority of lianas over trees has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to explore the root functional traits, phylogenetic structure of these traits and root trait dimensions of lianas to clarify why lianas can outperform trees.We sampled 69 liana species from tropical and temperate forests in China and measured nine key functional traits of first‐order roots of each species, including morphological, architectural, anatomical and chemical traits, as well as the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization. Data on these traits were then compared with similar data of 127 tree species from the same biome obtained from the Global Root Traits (GRooT) database and our previous studies.Liana roots had lower construction costs and could acquire resources more rapidly compared with tree roots. Significant differences were observed in most tree root traits between tropical and temperate sites. However, no significant differences were observed in any of the liana root traits between tropical and temperate sites, apart from the root branching ratio.Lianas showed much weaker phylogenetic conservatism in their root traits than trees when species were pooled across sites. Phylogenetic constraint was lower for nearly all root traits of both temperate lianas and trees compared with those of tropical lianas and trees.The root economics space of lianas and trees had two orthogonal dimensions with 'conservation' and 'collaboration' axes. However, lianas occupied the trait space with higher root nitrogen concentration and greater specific root length, showing 'fast' resource acquisition strategy, while trees placed opposite space and exhibited relatively 'slow' strategy.Synthesis. The ability of lianas to outcompete trees in harsh environments might be explained by their faster resource acquisition strategy and the lower phylogenetic constraint in root traits. Generally, lianas might play an increasingly important role in the structure and function of forest ecosystems in the future with ongoing habitat fragmentation and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents proof of concept for designing a novel HIV-1 covalent inhibitor targeting the highly conserved Tyr318 in the HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors binding pocket to improve the drug resistance profiles. The target inhibitor ZA-2 with a fluorosulfate warhead in the structure was found to be a potent inhibitor (EC50 = 11–246 nM) against HIV-1 IIIB and a panel of NNRTIs-resistant strains, being far superior to those of NVP and EFV. Moreover, ZA-2 was demonstrated with lower cytotoxicity (CC50 = 125 µM). In the reverse transcriptase inhibitory assay, ZA-2 exhibited an IC50 value of 0.057 µM with the ELISA method, and the MALDI-TOF MS data demonstrated the covalent binding mode of ZA-2 with the enzyme. Additionally, the molecular simulations have also demonstrated that compounds can form covalent binding to the Tyr318. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HGWD), which is composed of five crude drugs (Astragali Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, and Jujubae Fructus), in the treatment of albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX)-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN) in Chinese patients with breast cancer (BC). Methods: This trial was conducted at the National Cancer Center in China from January 2020 to June 2022. The eligible participants were assigned randomly in a 1:1 ratio to an HGWD group or a control group. The outcome measure was EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 questionnaire. Results: 92 patients diagnosed with BC were enrolled and randomized to either HGWD group (n = 46) or control group (n = 46). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups (p > 0.05). A statistical analysis of the sensory and motor functions of the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 scores showed that patients in the HGWD group reported a larger decrease in CIPN sensory scores than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 autonomic scores showed no statistical significance between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: HGWD packs could significantly improve patients' nab-PTX-induced PN, increase the tolerance for nab-PTX-containing chemotherapy, and further improve the quality of life of patients with BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the "sixth largest city group in the world", the Yangtze River Delta region is an important economic growth point and core economic area in China. While achieving rapid economic growth, the amount of waste generated is increasing day by day, and the investment in environmental protection is constantly increasing. Among them, MSW collection and disposal funds accounted for 57.40% of the fixed assets investment in environmental sanitation in 2017. To improve the efficiency of existing environmental protection investment, this paper is based on the existing academic research at China and abroad, with the help of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. This paper analyzed the economic indicators of 27 cities in the Yangtze River Delta for MSW collection, transportation and disposal to measure economic efficiency, identify and improve inefficiencies. The research results show that the average efficiency of the 27 cities in the Yangtze River Delta is at a relatively high level. Six cities have the most effective comprehensive technical efficiency. These six cities constitute the effective frontier of the municipal solid waste transfer system. The overall efficiency has a comparative advantage; 9 cities have the best pure technical efficiency, accounting for 33 of all cities. %, the pure technical efficiency of the remaining 18 cities is low, indicating that these cities have not fully utilized their resource input under the current scale, and the efficiency of resource utilization needs to be improved. Finally, this paper proposes suggestions for improvement from the perspective of environmental sustainability. To improve MSW collection and disposal efficiency, differentiated management should be implemented in cities in the Yangtze River Delta. Implications: This paper conducts an empirical analysis on the efficiency of MSW collection and disposal in the Yangtze River Delta in China in 2017. Based on the calculation of the DEA model, our conclusion is that although the collection and disposal system of MSW in the Yangtze River Delta has been significantly improved, the level of collection and disposal of some MSW has not reached the optimal level: (1) Comprehensive technical efficiency is the most effective Cities accounted for 22% of the total number of cities studied. (2) 33% of the cities in the Yangtze River Delta achieve the best pure technical efficiency; (3) Among the 27 cities, 6 cities have the best scale efficiency, and the remaining 21 cities have not reached the best scale efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To cross-culturally adapt and investigate the psychometric properties of a Chinese-translated version of the Participation Strategies Self Efficacy Scale (PS-SES). The translation/back-translation procedure was done in line with cross-cultural adaptation international guidelines. 378 stroke survivors were recruited to complete the questionnaires. The psychometric properties of the PS-SES were evaluated by determining item analysis, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, convergent validity and floor/ceiling effects, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient using the two-way random model (ICC) (test–retest) was 0.923 (95% confidence interval (CI):0.844–0.962; p < 0.05). Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability (internal consistency) for the PS-SES-C was 0.968 and 0.906, respectively. For the content validity, the I-CVI of the PS-SES-C was ranged from 0.860 to 1.000 and the S-CVI was 0.949. In the exploratory factor analysis, a six-factor solution explained 80.695% of the variance. A moderate correlation was found between the PS-SES-C and the Chinese version of WHODAS 2.0 (−0.430). A strong correlation was found between the PS-SES-C and the SSEQ-C (0.626). The PS-SES-C showed satisfactory psychometric properties. It can be considered a reliable and valid instrument to assess the participation strategies self-efficacy of stroke survivors in China. The Participation Strategies Self Efficacy Scale was translated into Chinese through a rigorous cultural adaptation process. PS-SES-C is now a reliable and valid tool for Chinese-speaking patients who have suffered from a stroke. It is necessary to assess the participation strategies self-efficacy of strokesurvivors in China and develop targeted intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the use of straw returning technology in rural areas is of great value to improve the use of agricultural technology and to reduce agricultural carbon emissions. However, the low proportion of straw recycling has also attracted more attention all over the world. An effective measure to solve this problem is to increase farmers' internet use to encourage them to participate in straw recycling. Based on micro survey data from 2126 households obtained from China, this paper uses an ordered probability model (OPM) and seeks to measure the impact of internet use on farmers' active use of straw returning and its heterogeneity. It aims to answer two questions: what the impact of internet use on farmers' willingness to participate in straw recycling is, and whether there is heterogeneity. The study found that the use of the internet can significantly drive farmers to use straw to return to the field. Specifically, farmers using the internet are less likely to become non-adoption (−2.95%) or non-voluntary (3.09%), but have a greater probability of becoming voluntary (6.04%). Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis showed that older groups and lower income groups could improve their willingness to actively adopt straw returning technology after using the internet. According to this research, it is suggested to improve local network resources, guide farmers to effectively entertain, study, live, and better enjoy the dividends brought by the internet. In terms of environmental publicity and education, the government should make policy adjustments for older groups and low-income groups to promote the use of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste (MSW) has caused the increasing concern for environmental issues in recent years, and the wide engagement from all stakeholders of society has been involved in promoting integrated MSW management. Therefore, this study aims to identify the problems of dis-synergy among multi-stakeholders engaged in the integrated MSW management evolution, then contribute strategies to coordinated development of integrated MSW management system by bettering the engagement and interaction of different stakeholders combined with the region characteristics. From the perspective of the stakeholder theory and synergy theory, we constructed an integrated MSW management system with four stakeholder subsystems: governments, enterprises, residents, and NGO subsystems. We used integrated MSW management in Harbin as a case study and used the synergy degree model to estimate the system synergy degree from 2010 to 2019. Then, the synergetic development trend of integrated MSW management was studied, providing a feasible approach to boost the coordinated development of integrated MSW management in Harbin. The results were in concordance with the factual situation and pointed to integrated MSW management in Harbin and, although there is movement towards a more harmonious and orderly state over time, the government subsystem needs to be further reinforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low root zone temperatures restrict water and carbon (C) uptake and transport in plants and may contribute to the low temperature limits of tree growth. Here, we quantified the effects of low root temperatures on xylem conductance, photosynthetic C assimilation and phloem C transport in seedlings of four temperate tree species (two broad-leaved and two conifer species) by applying a simultaneous stable isotope labelling of 2H-enriched source water and 13C-enriched atmospheric CO2. Six days before the pulse labelling, the seedlings were transferred to hydroponic tubes and exposed to three different root temperatures (2, 7 and 15 °C), while all seedlings received the same, warm air temperatures (between 18 and 24 °C). Root cooling led to drought-like symptoms with reduced growth, leaf water potentials and stomatal conductance, indicating increasingly adverse conditions for water uptake and transport with decreasing root temperatures. Averaged across all four species, water transport to leaves was reduced by 40% at 7 °C and by 70% at 2 °C root temperature relative to the 15 °C treatment, while photosynthesis was reduced by 20 and 40% at 7 and 2 °C, respectively. The most severe effects were found on the phloem C transport to roots, which was reduced by 60% at 7 °C and almost ceased at 2 °C in comparison with the 15 °C root temperature treatment. This extreme effect on C transport was likely due to a combination of simultaneous reductions of phloem loading, phloem mass flow and root growth. Overall, the dual stable isotope labelling proved to be a useful method to quantify water and C relations in cold-stressed trees and highlighted the potentially important role of hydraulic constraints induced by low soil temperatures as a contributing factor for the climatic distribution limits of temperate tree species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify clinical and genetic variants associated with early-onset cardiac toxicity with a low cumulative dose of chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer. Methods: A total of 388 recruited patients completed routine blood, liver and kidney function, D-dimer, troponin T, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal prohormone of BNP, ECG and echocardiography tests before and after adjuvant chemotherapy. 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested. Results: A total of 277 adjuvant chemotherapy-related cardiac toxicity events were recorded in 180 patients (46.4%). Anthracycline-containing chemotherapy (odds ratio: 1.848; 95% CI: 1.135-3.008; p = 0.014) and the SLC28A3 rs885004 GG genotype (odds ratio: 2.034; 95% CI: 1.189-3.479; p = 0.010) were found to be associated with overall cardiac toxicity. The final predictive risk model consisting of clinical risk factors and SNPs was better than SNP alone (p = 0.006) or clinical risk factor alone (p = 0.065). Conclusion: On the basis of clinical factors, a prediction model with genetic susceptibility factors can better predict early-onset cardiac toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protoxylem grouping (PG), a classification based on the number of protoxylem poles, is a crucial indicator related to other functional traits in fine roots, affecting growth and survival of individual root. However, within root system, less is known about the arrangement of PG. Moreover, the responses of PG to fertilization are still unclear. Here, we selected three common hardwood species in Northeast China, Juglans mandshurica , Fraxinus mandshurica, and Phellodendron amurense , conducted root pruning and nutrient addition. In this study, we analyzed the PG, morphology, and other anatomy traits of newly formed root branches. The results showed all root length, diameter, and stele, as well as hydraulic conductivity, were significantly positive related to the PG number, and the PG number generally decreased with ascending root developmental order; these patterns were independent of species and fertilization. Additionally, we also found the plasticity of PGs to environmental changes, in terms of the increased frequency of high PG roots after fertilization, significantly in J. mandshurica and F. mandshurica. Therefore, the heterogeneity, hierarchy, and plasticity of individual roots within root system may be widespread in woody plants, which is of great significance to deepen our understanding in root growth and development, as well as the belowground ecological process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate the MOSE from English to Chinese and investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese-translated version of the Measure of Stroke Environment (MOSE). The MOSE was translated into Chinese using a cultural adaptation process. To validate this Chinese version, 311 stroke survivors were recruited to complete the questionnaire. The psychometric properties of the MOSE were evaluated by determining item analysis, test–retest reliability, internal consistency, content validity, construct validity, and floor/ceiling effects, respectively. The MOSE was translated without any major difficulties. Regarding psychometric performances, a moderate level of correlation between the items and the domains (r > 0.4), and the significant differences in items between the high group and the low group were tested by independent sample t-tests (p < 0.05). The test–retest reliability was excellent (Intraclass Coefficient Correlation = 0.938). Very high internal consistency was also observed (Cronbach's α = 0.945, split-half reliability = 0.778). An acceptable I-CVI ranged from 0.714 to 1.000 and a high S-CVI of 0.973. Correlations with the subscales of the WHODAS 2.0 were significant in similar domains reflecting good convergent validity. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. This study provides psychometric evidence supporting the use of the Chinese version of the MOSE among stroke survivors. The Measure of Stroke Environment was translated into Chinese through a rigorous cultural adaptation process. MOSE-C is now a reliable and valid tool for Chinese-speaking survivors who have suffered from a stroke. It is necessary to assess the perceived environmental barriers of stroke survivors and develop targeted intervention programs in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given any α ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] , an α -constant-sum game (abbreviated as α -CS game) on a finite set of players, N, is a function that assigns a real number to any coalition S ⊆ N , such that the sum of the worth of the coalition S and the worth of its complementary coalition N \ S is α times the worth of the grand coalition. This class contains the constant-sum games of Khmelnitskaya (Int J Game Theory 32:223–227, 2003) (for α = 1 ) and games of threats of (Kohlberg and Neyman, Games Econ Behav 108:139–145, 2018) (for α = 0 ) as special cases. An α -CS game may not be a classical TU cooperative game as it may fail to satisfy the condition that the worth of the empty set is 0, except when α = 1 . In this paper, we (i) extend the α -quasi-Shapley value giving the Shapley value for constant-sum games and quasi-Shapley-value for threat games to any class of α -CS games, (ii) extend the axiomatizations of Khmelnitskaya (2003) and Kohlberg and Neyman (2018) to any class of α -CS games, and (iii) introduce a new efficiency axiom which, together with other classical axioms, characterizes a solution that is defined by exactly the Shapley value formula for any class of α -CS games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Correction to 'Efficacy and safety of a cream containing panthenol, prebiotics, and probiotic lysate for improving sensitive skin symptoms'" discusses errors in the original text. The incorrect use of the term "hydroxyproline" should have been "madecassoside" in several paragraphs. The authors apologize for these mistakes. [Extracted from the article]

Aims: To understand how survivors of stroke perceive secondary prevention and explore their perceived barriers and facilitators using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Design: A qualitative descriptive study. Methods: Nineteen survivors of stroke from three hospitals were recruited and interviewed from April 2019 to April 2020. The data were analysed deductively and inductively by content analysis strategies. Results: Three main themes of perception of secondary prevention were identified, these being active treatment‐seeking, attention to taking medications and negative attitude towards lifestyle changes. Using deductive analysis, eight domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework were reported to be relevant in the secondary prevention behaviour of survivors of stroke that mapped to five 'barrier' domains (i.e. knowledge, physical skills, beliefs about capability, beliefs about consequences and optimism) as well as six 'facilitator' domains (i.e. knowledge, interpersonal skills, beliefs about capability, intention, emotion and social influences). Using inductive analysis we identified two additional important factors not falling in the domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. These comprised female spouses' support and patients' economic autonomy, both of which could be classified as a facilitator or barrier. Conclusion: Survivors of stroke perceive seeking treatment and using preventive medication as more important than modifying lifestyle behaviours. Knowledge and insight into the barriers and facilitators of secondary prevention in this specific context provides a theoretical and practical basis for the design of future secondary prevention interventions. Impact: Stroke survivors' perceptions of secondary prevention, barriers and facilitators were explored in the context of a developing country. These findings highlight the need to better communicate the importance of improving lifestyle modification and medication adherence, and provide evidence for designing relevant interventions for stroke management in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Functional traits play key role in plant resource-use strategy, but the intraspecific variation of root traits particularly of anatomy along large-scale environmental gradient has been poorly understood. Methods: Here, we examined 16 morphological, anatomical, and chemical traits of leaves and absorptive roots (i.e., the first-order roots) for two wide-planted tree species, Ginkgo biloba and Eucommia ulmoides, sampled at five locations from subtropical, temperate, and cold-arid regions in China. Results: Morphological traits in leaves tended to shift from conservative at resource-poor sites to acquisitive at resource-rich sites, showing lower leaf thickness and larger specific leaf area, while roots showed a reverse pattern. All anatomical traits in leaves and roots inclined to be more conservative in resource-poor sites. Leaves and roots generally showed negative relationships in analogous morphological traits, but positive in anatomical and chemical traits across both species. Intraspecific variation of leaf traits confirmed the existence of one-dimensional economics spectrum, whereas root traits displayed multidimensional variation, showing an independent dimension of cortex to stele size ratio. Conclusions: Leaf and root traits in both species showed considerable intraspecific variations under changing environments, which improved whole-plant-level adaptions to climate and soil constraints, and exhibited different above- and belowground intraspecific economics spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among stroke survivors, the risk of stroke recurrence is high, and stroke survivors' perception of the risk of recurrence is crucial to promote healthy behaviours. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the perceptions of stroke survivors about their risk of recurrence and healthy behavioural modifications. Design: A qualitative interview study was carried out. Results: We interviewed 19 stroke survivors from 3 hospitals. Thematic analysis showed that the perceptions of recurrence risk and healthy behavioural changes differed between first‐ever and recurrent stroke survivors. Three themes were generated from the data of first‐ever stroke survivors: indifference to and unawareness of the risk of stroke recurrence, the need for professional information support and different awareness of the importance of different healthy behaviours. For first‐relapse stroke patients: worry but feel powerlessness towards recurrent event, accurate information is still warranted, regret of unhealthy behaviour patterns. For the survivors suffered two or more times recurrences: perceived severity of recurrences, increased psychological care need, incorrect perceptions of healthy behaviour. Discussion and Conclusion: Stroke survivors with or without recurrence hold different perceptions towards the risk of recurrence and behavioural changes. The need for information related to warning signs, recurrence risk and risk factors remained consistently unmet. The benefits of healthy behaviours could be a double‐edged sword for the prevention of stroke recurrence if the survivors fail to understand these accurately. It is strongly recommended that a specific recurrence risk communication tool and related health education plan be explored on the basis of the number of times patients have experienced stroke recurrence to inform secondary prevention of stroke in the future. Patient/Public Contribution: The patients were involved in the formulation of interview questions and conduct of this study. No public was involved in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anthracycline‐based chemotherapy (ABC) is one of the standard therapies against breast cancer. However, few guidelines are currently available to optimize the use of ABC. Therefore, the present analysis aimed at determining the profile and treatment patterns of ABC and the association of clinicopathological characteristics with ABC selection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of a nation‐wide multicenter epidemiological study, which collected the medical records of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in different settings from seven geographic regions in China (NCT03047889). Results: In total, 3393 patients were included, with 2917 treated with ABC. Among them, 553 (89.8%), 2165 (81.7%), and 814 (25.7%) were subjected to ABC as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and advanced chemotherapy, respectively. The most frequently used regimens were anthracycline‐taxane‐based combinations for neo‐ and adjuvant chemotherapy, along with taxanes and oral fluorouracils for the palliative stages. In the overall cohort, patients aged < 40 or 40‐65 (p < 0.001), in premenopause (p < 0.001), without comorbidities (p = 0.016), with invasive ductal carcinoma (p= 0.001), high lymph node involvement (p < 0.001), in the pTNM stage II, III, or IV versus stage I (p < 0.001), subjected to mastectomy (p < 0.001) or subjected to sentinel lymph node biopsy combined with axillary lymph node dissection (p = 0.044), or with a decreased disease‐free survival (p < 0.001) were more likely to be recommended to ABC. Conclusion: Taken together, ABC remained the mainstay of breast cancer treatment, especially in neo and adjuvant therapy. ABC was mainly used as a combination therapy, and the correlation between influencing factors and ABC choice varied during different settings, indicating the preference and different perspectives of medication considered by medical oncologists regarding the use ABC in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]