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Timely and detailed investigation of dangerous landslides is crucial for preventing catastrophic disasters. On June 29, 2023, the local collapse of the Mengu landslide in the upper reaches of Jinsha River in Qinghai Province, China, drew significant attention due to potential risks. Based on the integrated landslide investigation framework of 'space-air-ground', this study examined the development characteristics of the landslide and gave some conclusions. Optical imagery and InSAR results reveal continuous deformation in the source area of the landslide since the beginning of the monitoring in early 2020. Field surveys indicate that the Mengu landslide developed on an anti-dip slope, and the primary slope deformation mode evolved from toppling to overall shear failures. Landslide deformation is correlated with rainfall, exhibiting accelerated movements during periods of significant short-term precipitation. The high-intensity rainfall event in mid-June was identified as the direct cause of the landslide destruction. The landslide is identified as a retrogressive landslide and is categorized into four stages. Presently, there are three primary trailing-edge sliding boundaries, and the overall risk of failure is not high. However, local sliding at the leading edge poses a high risk. Analysis of GNSS monitoring displacement indicates that the front edge of the landslide is in the initial acceleration stage of deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric ceramics are highly desired for applications in energy storage devices due to their fast charge-discharge capability. However, electric field-driven gradual degradation of ferroelectric polarization (i.e., fatigue) inevitably results in a decrease in energy efficiency and energy storage density. Therefore, improving fatigue endurance is one challenge for their practical applications in energy storage devices. Here, we provide a strategy to modulate the strain response to the external electric field, and thus, increase the fatigue endurance by employing hybrid improper ferroelectricc Ca3Ti2O7 ceramic that exhibits a negative piezoelectric effect. We synthesized (1 − x) BaTiO 3 − x Ca3Ti2O7 (BT-xCT) ceramics, in which the strain response of ceramics to the electric field gradually decreases with the increasing proportion of Ca3Ti2O7. For BT-0.3CT ceramic, the energy density storage efficiency is improved to 74.95% which is much higher than that of BT-0.1CT (48.07%). The strain response to the external electric field of BT-0.3CT is substantially lowered and almost reaches zero, leading to excellent fatigue endurance ability. This research work paves a route for designing ferroelectric ceramics with smaller strain response and enhanced fatigue endurance ability, which is expected to benefit a wide range of applications of ferroelectric ceramics in various electric capacitors and electric storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac arrhythmia is currently considered to be the direct cause of death in a majority of sudden unexplained death (SUD) cases, yet the genetic predisposition and corresponding endophenotypes contributing to SUD remain incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency in SUD. First, we re-analyzed the exome sequencing data of 45 SUD and 151 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases from our previous studies, focusing on previously overlooked genetic variants in 44 human CoQ deficiency-related genes. A considerable proportion of the SUD (38%) and SIDS (37%) cases were found to harbor rare variants with likely functional effects. Subsequent burden testing, including all rare exonic and untranslated region variants identified in our case cohorts, further confirmed the existence of significant genetic burden. Based on the genetic findings, the influence of CoQ deficiency on electrophysiological and morphological properties was further examined in a mouse model. A significantly prolonged PR interval and an increased occurrence of atrioventricular block were observed in the 4-nitrobenzoate induced CoQ deficiency mouse group, suggesting that CoQ deficiency may predispose individuals to sudden death through an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Overall, our findings suggest that CoQ deficiency-related genes should also be considered in the molecular autopsy of SUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

M2‐polarized tumor‐associated macrophages (M2 TAMs) promote cancer progression. Exosomes mediate cellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the roles of exosomes from M2 TAMs in gastric cancer progression are unclear. Herein, it is reported that M2 TAMs‐derived exosomes induced aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer cells and enhanced their proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance in a glycolysis‐dependent manner. It is identified that MALAT1 (metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) is enriched in M2 TAM exosomes and confirmed that MALAT1 transfer from M2 TAMs to gastric cancer cells via exosomes mediates this effect. Mechanistically, MALAT1 interacted with the δ‐catenin protein and suppressed its ubiquitination and degradation by β‐TRCP. In addition, MALAT1 upregulated HIF‐1α expression by acting as a sponge for miR‐217‐5p. The activation of β‐catenin and HIF‐1α signaling pathways by M2 TAM exosomes collectively led to enhanced aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer cells. Finally, a dual‐targeted inhibition of MALAT1 in both gastric cancer cells and macrophages by exosome‐mediated delivery of siRNA remarkably suppressed gastric cancer growth and improved chemosensitivity in mouse tumor models. Taken together, these results suggest that M2 TAMs‐derived exosomes promote gastric cancer progression via MALAT1‐mediated regulation of glycolysis. The findings offer a potential target for gastric cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt stress can adversely affect plant seed germination, growth and development, and eventually lead to slow growth and even death of plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 stress on the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, rhizosphere microbial community and seven active components (l-phenylalanine, Protocatechuic acid, Eleutheroside B, Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, Eleutheroside E, Isofraxidin) of Acanthopanax senticosus rhizosphere soil. Statistical analysis was used to explore the correlation between the rhizosphere ecological factors of Acanthopanax senticosus and its active components. Compared with Acanthopanax senticosus under NaCl stress, Na2SO4 generally had a greater effect on Acanthopanax senticosus, which reduced the richness of fungi in rhizosphere soil and adversely affected the content of multiple active components. Pearson analysis showed that pH, organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, catalase and urease were significantly correlated with active components such as Caffeic acid and Isofraxidin. There were 11 known bacterial genera, 12 unknown bacterial genera, 9 known fungal genera and 1 unknown fungal genus significantly associated with the active ingredient. Salt stress had great changes in the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microorganisms of the rhizosphere soil of Acanthopanax senticosus. In conclusion, different types and concentrations of salts had different effects on Acanthopanax senticosus, and the active components of Acanthopanax senticosus were regulated by rhizosphere soil ecological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the realm of Gut-Brain axis research, existing evidence points to a complex bidirectional regulatory mechanism between gut microbiota and the brain. However, the question of whether a causal relationship exists between gut microbiota and specific types of brain tumors, such as gliomas, remains unresolved. To address this gap, we employed publicly available Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and MIOBEN databases, conducting an in-depth analysis using Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (MR). Method: We carried out two sets of MR analyses. The preliminary analysis included fewer instrumental variables due to a high genome-wide statistical significance threshold (5×10−8). To enable a more comprehensive and detailed analysis, we adjusted the significance threshold to 1×10−5. We performed linkage disequilibrium analysis (R2 <0.001, clumping distance = 10,000kb) and detailed screening of palindromic SNPs, followed by MR analysis and validation through sensitivity analysis. Results: Our findings reveal a causal relationship between gut microbiota and gliomas. Further confirmation via Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) identified eight specific microbial communities related to gliomas. Notably, the Peptostreptococcaceae and Olsenella communities appear to have a protective effect, reducing glioma risk. Conclusion: This study not only confirms the causal link between gut microbiota and gliomas but also suggests a new avenue for future glioma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous observational studies have demonstrated a connection between the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gastrointestinal problems brought on by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. However, little is understood about how these factors impact on T2DM. Method: This study used data from the GWAS database on H. pylori antibodies, gastroduodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis, gastric cancer, T2DM and information on potential mediators: obesity, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels. Using univariate Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori and associated gastrointestinal diseases with the risk of developing of T2DM and explore the presence of mediators to ascertain the probable mechanisms. Results: Genetic evidence suggests that H. pylori IgG antibody (P = 0.006, b = 0.0945, OR = 1.0995, 95% CI = 1.023–1.176), H. pylori GroEL antibody (P = 0.028, OR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.004–1.064), gastroduodenal ulcers (P = 0.019, OR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.006–1.068) and chronic gastritis (P = 0.005, OR = 1.042, 95% CI = 1.012–1.074) are all linked to an increased risk of T2DM, additionally, H. pylori IgG antibody is associated with obesity (P = 0.034, OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.002–1.055). The results of MVMR showed that the pathogenic relationship between H. pylori GroEL antibody and gastroduodenal ulcer in T2DM is mediated by blood glucose level and obesity, respectively. Conclusion: Our study found that H. pylori IgG antibody, H. pylori GroEL antibody, gastroduodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis are all related to t T2DM, and blood glucose level and obesity mediate the development of H. pylori GroEL antibody and gastroduodenal ulcer on T2DM, respectively. These findings may inform new prevention and intervention strategies for T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quasi‐two‐dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper material, Sr3Sn2O7 with hybrid improper ferroelectricity, has gained significant scientific interest owing to its unique ferroelectric phase transition mechanism. However, its electrical behaviors near the phase transition temperature necessitate further investigation. In this study, high‐quality Sr3Sn2O7 ceramic was successfully prepared, and its temperature‐dependent electrical properties were systematically studied. The phase transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric of Sr3Sn2O7 ceramic near 160°C was evidenced by the varying electrical properties dependence of temperature. It is found that the space‐charge‐limited bulk conduction with deep traps is identified as dominant conduction mechanism for Sr3Sn2O7 ceramic that has high resistivity. An abnormal increasing trend of coercive field with temperature was observed and is discussed with trap‐filling process and octahedral rotation distortion. Interestingly, Sr3Sn2O7 ceramic exhibits negative piezoelectric effect and negative electrostriction responded to biased electric field, which is dramatically influenced by ferroelectric polarization. Overall, this study serves as a reference for exploring the electrical properties of other hybrid improper ferroelectrics, particularly near their Curie temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), integral to the tumour microenvironment, are pivotal in cancer progression, exhibiting either pro‐tumourigenic or anti‐tumourigenic functions. Their inherent phenotypic and functional diversity allows for the subdivision of CAFs into various subpopulations. While several classification systems have been suggested for different cancer types, a unified molecular classification of CAFs on a single‐cell pan‐cancer scale has yet to be established. Methods: We employed a comprehensive single‐cell transcriptomic atlas encompassing 12 solid tumour types. Our objective was to establish a novel molecular classification and to elucidate the evolutionary trajectories of CAFs. We investigated the functional profiles of each CAF subtype using Single‐Cell Regulatory Network Inference and Clustering and single‐cell gene set enrichment analysis. The clinical relevance of these subtypes was assessed through survival curve analysis. Concurrently, we employed multiplex immunofluorescence staining on tumour tissues to determine the dynamic changes of CAF subtypes across different tumour stages. Additionally, we identified the small molecule procyanidin C1 (PCC1) as a target for matrix‐producing CAF (matCAF) using molecular docking techniques and further validated these findings through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results: In our investigation of solid tumours, we identified four molecular clusters of CAFs: progenitor CAF (proCAF), inflammatory CAF (iCAF), myofibroblastic CAF (myCAF) and matCAF, each characterised by distinct molecular traits. This classification was consistently applicable across all nine studied solid tumour types. These CAF subtypes displayed unique evolutionary pathways, functional roles and clinical relevance in various solid tumours. Notably, the matCAF subtype was associated with poorer prognoses in several cancer types. The targeting of matCAF using the identified small molecule, PCC1, demonstrated promising antitumour activity. Conclusions: Collectively, the various subtypes of CAFs, particularly matCAF, are crucial in the initiation and progression of cancer. Focusing therapeutic strategies on targeting matCAF in solid tumours holds significant potential for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, chiral symmetry in atomic nuclei has attracted significant attention and become one of the hot topics in current nuclear physics frontiers. This paper provides a review of experimental studies for nuclear chirality in China. In particular, the experimental setups, chiral mass regions, lifetime measurements, and simultaneous breaking of chirality and other symmetries are discussed in detail. These studies found a new chiral mass region (A ≈ 80), extended the boundaries of the A ≈ 100 and 130 chiral mass regions, and tested the chiral geometry of 130Cs, 106Ag, 80Br and 76Br by lifetime measurements. In addition, simultaneous breaking of chirality and other symmetries have been studied in 74As, 76Br, 78Br, 80Br, 81Kr and 131Ba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden unexplained death (SUD) constitutes a considerable portion of unexpected sudden death in the young. Molecular autopsy has proved to be an efficient diagnostic tool in the multidisciplinary management of SUD. Yet, many cases remain undiagnosed using the widely adopted targeted genetic screening strategies. Here, we investigated the genetic substrates of a young SUD cohort (18–40 years old) from China using whole-exome sequencing (WES), with the primary aim to identify novel SUD susceptibility genes. Within 255 previously acknowledged SUD-associated genes, 21 variants with likely functional effects (pathogenic/likely pathogenic) were identified in 51.9% of the SUD cases. More importantly, a set of 33 candidate genes associated with myopathy were identified to be novel susceptibility genes for SUD. Comparative analysis of the cumulative PHRED-scaled CADD score and polygenetic burden score showed that the amount and deleteriousness of variants in the 255 SUD-associated genes and the 33 candidate genes identified by this study were significantly higher compared with 289 randomly selected genes. A significantly higher genetic burden of rare variants (MAF < 0.1%) in the 33 candidate genes also highlighted putative roles of these genes in SUD. After incorporating these novel genes, the genetic testing yields of the current SUD cohort elevated from 51.9 to 66.7%. Our study expands understanding of the genetic variants underlying SUD and presents insights that improve the utility of genetic screenings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumours in East Asia countries and is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori utilizes virulence factors, CagA and VacA, to up‐regulate pro‐inflammatory cytokines and activate NF‐κB signaling. Meanwhile, the PIEZO1 upregulation and cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) enrichment were found in GC progression. However, the mechanisms of PIEZO1 upregulation and its involvement in GC progression have not been fully elucidated. Methods: The CAF enrichment and clinical significance were investigated in animal models and primary samples. The expression of NF‐κB and PIEZO1 in GC was confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining, and expression correlation was analysed in multiple GC datasets. GSEA and Western blot analysis revealed the YAP1‐CTGF axis regulation by PIEZO1. The stimulatory effects of CTGF on CAFs were validated by the co‐culture system and animal studies. Patient‐derived organoid and peritoneal dissemination models were employed to confirm the role of the PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF cascade in GC. Results: Both CAF signature and PIEZO1 were positively correlated with H. pylori infection. PIEZO1, a mechanosensor, was confirmed as a direct downstream of NF‐κB to promote the transformation from intestinal metaplasia to GC. Mechanistic studies revealed that PIEZO1 transduced the oncogenic signal from NF‐κB into YAP1 signaling, a well‐documented oncogenic pathway in GC progression. PIEZO1 expression was positively correlated with the YAP1 signature (CTGF, CYR61, and c‐Myc, etc.) in primary samples. The secreted CTGF by cancer cells stimulated the CAF infiltration to form a stiffened collagen‐enrichment microenvironment, thus activating PIEZO1 to form a positive feedback loop. Both PIEZO1 depletion by shRNA and CTGF inhibition by Procyanidin C1 enhanced the efficacy of 5‐FU in suppressing the GC cell peritoneal metastasis. Conclusion: This study elucidates a novel driving PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF force, which opens a novel therapeutic avenue to block the transformation from precancerous lesions to GC. H. pylori‐NF‐κB activates the PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF axis to remodel the GC microenvironment by promoting CAF infiltration. Targeting PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF plus chemotherapy might serve as a potential therapeutic option to block GC progression and peritoneal metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homeobox genes include HOX and non‐HOX genes. HOX proteins play fundamental roles during ontogenesis by interacting with other non‐HOX gene‐encoded partners and performing transcriptional functions, whereas aberrant activation of HOX family members drives tumorigenesis. In this study, gastric cancer (GC) expression microarray data indicated that HOXB9 is a prominent upregulated HOX member in GC samples significantly associated with clinical outcomes and advanced TNM stages. However, the functional role of HOXB9 in GC remains contradictory in previous reports, and the regulatory mechanisms are elusive. By in silico and experimental analyses, we found that HOXB9 was upregulated by a vital cell cycle‐related transcription factor, E2F1. Depleting HOXB9 causes G1‐phase cell cycle arrest by downregulating CDK6 and a subset of cell cycle‐related genes. Meanwhile, HOXB9 contributes to cell division and maintains the cytoskeleton in GC cells. We verified that HOXB9 interacts with PBX2 to form a heterodimer, which transcriptionally upregulates CDK6. Knocking down CDK6 can phenocopy the tumor‐suppressive effects caused by HOXB9 depletion. Blocking HOXB9 can enhance the anti‐tumor effect of CDK6 inhibitors. In conclusion, we elucidate the oncogenic role of HOXB9 in GC and reveal CDK6 as its potent downstream effector. The E2F1–HOXB9/PBX2–CDK6 axis represents a novel mechanism driving gastric carcinogenesis and conveys prognostic and therapeutic implications. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Label‐free imaging and identification of fast‐moving cells is a very challenging task. A kind of phase flow cytometry using coherent modulation imaging was proposed to realize label‐free imaging and identification on fast‐moving cells with compact optical alignment and high accuracy. Phase image of cells under inspection could be computed qualitatively from their diffraction patterns at the accuracy of about 0.01 wavelength and the resolution of about 1.23 μm and the view field of 0.126 mm2. Since the imaging system was mainly composed by a piece of random phase plate a detector without using commonly adopted reference beam and corresponding complex optical alignment, this method has much compacter optical structure and much higher tolerance capability to environmental instability in comparison with other kinds of phase flow cytometry. Current experimental results prove it could be an efficient optical tool for label‐free tumor cell detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, to determine the tunneling effect on the performance of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, we use AFORS-HET software to systematically study the carrier transport mechanism in different forward bias ranges under dark conditions. We confirm that the carrier transport in the p-type SHJ solar cell is determined by the recombination process at lower voltage (V < 0.3 V) and the tunneling current at higher voltage (0.3 < V < 0.6 V). Our results also suggest that the tunneling affected by the interface state density and doping level of a-Si:H influences the performance of devices. Moreover, we propose a new strategy to improve the performance of SHJ solar cells. By optimizing the above parameters, it was possible to increase the efficiency of a-Si:H(n)/c-Si(p)/a-Si:H(p) and a-Si:H(p)/c-Si(n)/a-Si:H(n) SHJ solar cells to 25.40% and 24.45%, respectively, to reduce the influence of the tunneling effect on the device. This work can be a useful reference for solar cell production and preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disorder. The origin and development of CNO involve many complex immune processes, resulting in delayed diagnosis and a lack of effective treatment. Although bioinformatics analysis has been utilized to seek key genes and pathways in CNO, only a few bioinformatics studies that focus on CNO pathogenesis and mechanisms have been reported. This study aimed to identify key biomarkers that could serve as early diagnostic or therapeutic markers for CNO. Two RNA-seq datasets (GSE133378 and GSE187429) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis were conducted to identify the genes associated with CNO. Then, the autoinflammatory genes most associated with CNO were identified based on the GeneCards database and a CNO prediction model, which was created by the LASSO machine learning algorithm. The accuracy of the model and effects of the autoinflammatory genes according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were verified in external datasets (GSE7014). Finally, we performed clustering analysis with ConsensusClusterPlus. In total, eighty CNO-related genes were identified and were significantly enriched in the biological processes regulation of actin filament organization, cell–cell junction organization and gamma-catenin binding. The main enriched pathways were adherens junctions, viral carcinogenesis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Two autoinflammatory genes with high expression in CNO samples were identified by combining an optimal machine learning algorithm (LASSO) with the GeneCards database. An external validation dataset (GSE187429) was utilized for ROC analysis of the prediction model and two genes, and the results indicated good efficiency. Then, based on consensus clustering analysis, we found that the expression of UTS2 and MPO differed between clusters. Finally, the ceRNA network of lncRNAs and the small molecule compounds targeting the two autoinflammatory genes were predicted. The identification of two autoinflammatory genes, the HCG18/has-mir-147a/UTS2/MPO axis and signalling pathways in this study can help us understand the molecular mechanism of CNO formation and provides candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of CNO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper layered perovskites with single‐phase multiferroicity have attracted much attention in recent magnetoelectric memory applications. We have systematically investigated the optical and magnetic properties of Ru‐doped hybrid improper perovskite Ca3Mn2O7 both experimentally and using first‐principles calculations. The Ca3RuxMn2−xO7 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.10) powders were successfully synthesized using the sol–gel method. Ru doping enhanced the ferromagnetism of Ca3Mn2O7. The quasi‐2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) fluctuation effect was observed in Ca3Mn2O7 and in certain doped samples. We also found that the optical bandgaps of the doped samples were reduced after doping, agreeing with the results of the first‐principles calculations. Infrared absorption spectra indicated the distortion of the Mn–O bonds was possibly due to the Jahn–Teller effect. To analyze the electronic structures and to understand the detailed atomic contributions of magnetic moments, the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) and Integrated COHP of the (Mn,Ru)O6 octahedra were also calculated. The Ru‐doped materials with the coexistence of ferromagnetic and AFM orderings are expected to be excellent candidates for magnetoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evidentiary value of DNA profiles varies depending upon the context in which the DNA was found. Linking a DNA profile to a particular cellular phenotype in mixtures may aid in assessing its evidentiary relevance and value. We report the development of two dual-function high-resolution messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing assays that can each identify the presence of 6 body fluids/tissues (blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, menstrual blood, skin) and, via coding region SNPs (cSNPs) present in the body fluid–specific mRNA transcripts, directly associate particular body fluids with their specific DNA donors in mixtures. The original blood, semen, and saliva (BSS) assay contains 23 cSNPs for blood, semen, and saliva, while the expanded 6F (all 6 fluids/tissues) assay encompasses the BSS assay and also contains 23 additional cSNPs for vaginal secretions, menstrual blood, and skin. Software tools were developed to infer the identity of the body fluids present as well as providing the corresponding cSNP genotypes. Concomitant genomic DNA assays (BSS-d and 6F-d), required to genotype the same cSNPs from persons of interest/inferred contributors to the body fluid mixture, were also developed. Body fluid specificity was demonstrated by the ability to identify the body fluid origin of single-source and two-fluid admixtures. The discriminatory power (European Caucasians) for all body fluids is 0.957–0.997, with linkage disequilibrium considered. Reciprocal body fluid admixtures (mixture pairs with the same two donors but reversed body fluid types) were used to demonstrate the ability to identify the body fluid source of origin as well as associate the donor of each of the two fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes age-dependent neurological and cognitive declines. The treatments for Alzheimer's disease pose a significant challenge, because the mechanisms of disease are not being fully understood. Malfunction of the blood–brain barrier is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, especially at the early stages of the disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized, while few molecules can directly target and improve blood–brain barrier function in the context of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we showed dysfunctional blood–brain barrier in patients with Alzheimer's disease reflected by perivascular accumulation of blood-derived fibrinogen in the hippocampus and cortex, accompanied by decreased tight junction proteins Claudin-5 and glucose transporter Glut-1 in the brain endothelial cells. In the APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, blood–brain barrier dysfunction started at 4 months of age and became severe at 9 months of age. In the cerebral microvessels of APP/PS1 mice and amyloid-β-treated brain endothelial cells, we found suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signalling triggered by an increase of GSK3β activation, but not an inhibition of the AKT pathway or switching to the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. Furthermore, using our newly developed optogenetic tool for controlled regulation of LRP6 (upstream regulator of the Wnt signalling) to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway, blood–brain barrier malfunction was restored by preventing amyloid-β-induced brain endothelial cells impairments and promoting the barrier repair. In conclusion, targeting LRP6 in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the brain endothelium can alleviate blood–brain barrier malfunction induced by amyloid-β, which may be a potential treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical spectroscopy supporting studies of the absorption and emission of light by matter is a widely used tool in analytical science. Recently, optical spectrometers have shown tremendous improvement on spectral resolution, accuracy, sensitivity, as well as miniaturization. However, most of them still only focus on single or few sensing modes, thus limiting their practical applications especially in complex sensing conditions. To extend applications, integrating with absorption, emission, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy detecting systems, a multipurpose optical fiber smartphone spectrometer (MOSS) is designed to provide a point-of-care testing platform for on-site biochemical sensing. The MOSS is compact only with the size of $167\times 75\times85$ mm3 but has excellent sensing performance. It reaches extremely high spectral resolution as $\approx 10$ nm and has been successfully applied in nitrite, mercury ion, and sucrose sensing. In addition, the MOSS is equipped with inner power supply and user-friendly smartphone application, especially suiting for on-site applications. Since the MOSS can support high-quality multipurpose spectral detection but only using compact and cost-effective devices, it can be a potential point-of-care testing platform especially for biochemical sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hard-to-heal wounds are a global health challenge, and effective treatments are still lacking. Moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) and maggots are traditional treatments for promoting wound healing. This study was a preliminary exploration of combined maggot therapy and MEBO in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds. Method: A coexistence experiment was conducted to determine the survival rates of maggots in MEBO. The maggots were placed in two different existence conditions: one set in MEBO (MEBO group), and another set as the control group (no MEBO) to compare survival rates. Case reports describe the use of the combined application of MEBO and maggots in the treatment of patients with hard-to-heal wounds. Results: The coexistence experiment indicated that maggots in the MEBO group had a higher survival rate. From the therapeutic effect of the clinical cases (n=7), the combined application was safe and effective, with all the reported wounds eventually healing. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, we believe the combined application of MEBO and maggots is a promising way of promoting wound healing. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to elucidate the mechanism of the combined application in promoting wound healing and to more persuasively clarify the therapeutic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapeutics remain the first choice for advanced gastric cancers (GCs). However, drug resistance and unavoidable severe toxicity lead to chemotherapy failure and poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumor progression in many cancers, including GC. Here, through RNA screening, an apoptotic protease‐activating factor 1 (APAF1)‐binding lncRNA (ABL) that is significantly elevated in cancerous GC tissues and an independent prognostic factor for GC patients is identified. Moreover, ABL overexpression inhibits GC cell apoptosis and promotes GC cell survival and multidrug resistance in GC xenograft and organoid models. Mechanistically, ABL directly binds to the RNA‐binding protein IGF2BP1 via its KH1/2 domain, and then IGF2BP1 further recognizes the METTL3‐mediated m6A modification on ABL, which maintains ABL stability. In addition, ABL can bind to the WD1/WD2 domain of APAF1, which competitively prevent cytochrome c from interacting with APAF1, blocking apoptosome assembly and caspase‐9/3 activation; these events lead to resistance to cell death in GC cells. Intriguingly, targeting ABL using encapsulated liposomal siRNA can significantly enhance the sensitivity of GC cells to chemotherapy. Collectively, the results suggest that ABL can be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sichuan Province is located at the transitional junction regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the low-altitude plains. It also serves as the corridor of Sino-Tibetan-speaking population migration and expansion since neolithic expansion of Proto-Tibeto-Burman populations from Middle/Upper Yellow River during Majiayao period (3300–2000 BC). However, the population structure and the corresponding genetic diversity of forensic-related markers in this region remain unclear. Thus, we genotyped 30 insertion-deletion (InDel) markers in 444 samples from four ethnic groups (Han, Tibetan, Hui and Yi) from Sichuan Province using the Investigator® DIPplex kit to explore the characteristics of population genetics and forensic genetic focuses. All the loci were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) after applying a Bonferroni correction and no pairwise loci showed prominent linkage disequilibrium. The combined matching probability (CMP) and the combined power of discrimination (CPD) are larger than 1.8089 × 10−11 and 0.99999999995, respectively. Principal component analysis, multi-dimensional scaling plots and Neighbour-Joining tree among 65 worldwide populations indicated that Sichuan Hui and Han are genetically close to Hmong-Mien and Tai-Kadai-speaking populations, and Sichuan Tibetan and Yi bear a strong genetic affinity with Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations. The model-based genetic structure further supports the genetic affinity between the studied populations and linguistically close populations. Forensic parameters of 30 insertion-deletions (InDels) in 444 individuals from four populations are reported, which showed abundant genetic affinity and diversity among populations and high value in personal identification. Genetic similarities existed between the studied populations and ethnically, linguistically close populations. Sichuan Hui and Han are genetically close to Hmong-Mien and Tai-Kadai-speaking populations. Sichuan Tibetan and Yi bear a strong genetic affinity with Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small GTPases are signaling molecules in regulating key cellular processes (e.g., cell differentiation, proliferation, and motility) as well as subcellular events (e.g., vesicle trafficking), making them key participants, especially in a great array of coronavirus infection processes. In this review, we discuss the role of small GTPases in the coronavirus life cycle, especially pre-entry, endocytosis, intracellular traffic, replication, and egress from the host cell. Furthermore, we also suggest the molecules that have potent adjuvant activity by targeting small GTPases. These studies provide deep insights and references to understand the pathogenesis of coronavirus as well as to propose the potential of small GTPases as targets for adjuvant development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We systematically study the Rashba spin texture of lead-free quasi-one-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHP), (MV)AI3Cl2 (MV = methylviologen, A = Bi, Sb) with first-principles calculations. The kx–ky plane Rashba spin splitting was found to depend on the composition of Bi (Sb) and I atoms at band edges. Importantly, increasing ferroelectric polarization and the stretch along the z-direction can effectively enhance the amplitude of the Rashba spin splitting. This work provides an avenue for electric field and strain-controlled spin splitting and highlights the potential of quasi-one-dimensional OIHP for further applications in spin field effect transistors and photovoltaic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumex gmelinii Turcz. (RGT) is a medicinal plant of the genus Rumex, family Polygonaceae. Our research group isolated an endophytic fungus, Plectosphaerella cucumerina (Strain J-G) from RGT, which could significantly promote host growth when co-cultured with host seedlings. In this study, we used transcriptome analysis and verification experiments to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this growth-promoting effect. We found that, during co-culture with Strain J-G, the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate synthesis and metabolism were up-regulated in RGT tissue culture seedlings, providing additional substrate and energy for plant growth. In addition, the expression of genes encoding the responser of RGT seedlings to hormones, including auxin and cytokinin, were significantly enhanced, promoting plant growth and development. Furthermore, RGT seedling defense systems were mobilized by Strain J-G; therefore, more secondary metabolites and substances involved in stress resistance were produced, ensuring normal plant growth and metabolism. The research showed Strain J-G significantly promote the accumulation of biomass and effective components of RGT, which provide basis for its application. This research also provides a reference method for the study of growth-promoting mechanism of endophytic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting bone and cartilage development. Clinical features of CCD comprise short stature, delayed ossification of craniofacial structures with numerous Wormian bones, underdeveloped or aplastic clavicles and multiple dental anomalies. Several studies have revealed that CCD development is strongly linked with different mutations in runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene. Objective: Identification and functional characterization of RUNX2 mutation associated with CCD. Methods: We performed genetic testing of a patient with CCD using whole exome sequencing and found a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation: c.1550delT in a sporadic case. We also compared the functional activity of the mutant and wild-type RUNX2 through immunofluorescence microscopy and osteocalcin promoter luciferase assay. Results: We found a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation, c.1550delT (p.Trp518Glyfs*60). Both mutant RUNX2 and wild-type RUNX2 protein were similarly confined in the nuclei. The novel mutation caused abrogative transactivation activity of RUNX2 on osteocalcin promoter. Conclusions: We explored a novel RUNX2 deletion/frameshift mutation in a sporadic CCD patient. This finding suggests that the VWRPY domain may play a key role in RUNX2 transactivation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the characteristics of low mutation rate, length variation and short amplicon size, insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) have the advantages of both short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Herein, people of two ethnicities from Hainan Island were genotyped for the first time using the Investigator DIPplex kit. We investigated the forensic parameters of the 30 InDels and the phylogenetic relationships among different populations. The accumulated powers of discrimination and powers of exclusion were 0.999 999 999 9646 and 0.9897 in the Hainan Han population and 0.999 999 999 9292 and 0.9861 in the Hainan Li population, respectively. Additionally, population comparisons among geographically, ethnically and linguistically diverse populations via cluster heatmap, multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, phylogenetic tree and STRUCTURE analyses demonstrated that the Hainan Han population had genetic similarities to the other Han, She and Tujia populations, while the Hainan Li population had close genetic relationships to the Zhuang and Miao groups; both populations had a high degree of genetic differentiation from most Turkic-speaking populations. Aforementioned results suggested that the 30 autosomal InDels are highly polymorphic and informative, which are suitable for human identification and population genetics. Four hundred and forty-five Chinese individuals from two ethnicities (Hainan Han and Hainan Li) were firstly analyzed by 30 autosomal InDels included in the Investigator DIPplex panel. Forensic parameters of the 30 InDels in the two populations showed high polymorphism and universality for human identification purposes. The Investigator DIPplex panel had a certain capacity of differentiating intercontinental populations and different language populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ptychography is a lensless imaging technique that is capable of reconstructing an object and illumination simultaneously by scanning the object at several positions with respect to a localized illumination beam. It has emerged as a powerful tool with applications ranging from high resolution imaging to optical metrology. A precise image reconstruction in ptychography is of utmost importance in several applications. An error in the measurement of the object–detector distance was found to affect the reliability of the reconstructed probe and the object. Several axial distance correction algorithms have been proposed to address the issue. However, the additional axial distance correction increases the complexity of the reconstruction algorithm. In this study, a detailed theoretical analysis of the relationship between the reconstructed images and the object–detector distance error is presented. It shows that high resolution object and probe images can still be reconstructed without an axial distance correction algorithm. The theoretical analysis is quantitatively studied by numerical simulations and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In hospitalized patients, drug side effects usually trigger intestinal mucositis (IM), which in turn damages intestinal absorption and reduces the efficacy of treatment. It has been discovered that natural polysaccharides can relieve IM. In this study, we extracted and purified homogenous polysaccharides of Wuguchong (HPW), a traditional Chinese medicine, and explored the protective effect of HPW on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced IM. Methods and results: First, we identified the physical and chemical properties of the extracted homogeneous polysaccharides. The molecular weight of HPW was 616 kDa, and it was composed of 14 monosaccharides. Then, a model of small IM induced by 5-FU (50 mg/kg) was established in mice to explore the effect and mechanism of HPW. The results showed that HPW effectively increased histological indicators such as villus height, crypt depth and goblet cell count. Moreover, HPW relieved intestinal barrier indicators such as D-Lac and diamine oxidase (DAO). Subsequently, western blotting was used to measure the expression of Claudin-1, Occludin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and inflammatory proteins such as NF-κB (P65), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and COX-2. The results also indicated that HPW could reduce inflammation and protect the barrier at the molecular level. Finally, we investigated the influence of HPW on the levels of short-chain fatty acids, a metabolite of intestinal flora, in the faeces of mice. Conclusions: HPW, which is a bioactive polysaccharide derived from insects, has protective effects on the intestinal mucosa, can relieve intestinal inflammation caused by drug side effects, and deserves further development and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is now clear that the intercellular transport on microtubules by dynein and kinesin-1 motors has an important role in the replication and spread of many viruses. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus of the Coronavirus family, which can infect swine of all ages and cause severe economic losses in the swine industry. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the intercellular transport of PEDV through microtubule, dynein and kinesin-1 will be crucial for understanding its pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that microtubule, dynein, and kinesin-1 are involved in PEDV infection and can influence PEDV fusion and accumulation in the perinuclear region but cannot affect PEDV attachment or internalization. Furthermore, we adopted a single-virus tracking technique to dynamically observe PEDV intracellular transport with five different types: unidirectional movement toward microtubule plus ends; unidirectional movement toward microtubule minus ends; bidirectional movement along the same microtubule; bidirectional movement along different microtubules and motionless state. Among these types, the functions of dynein and kinesin-1 in PEDV intercellular transport were further analyzed by single-virus tracking and found that dynein and kinesin-1 mainly transport PEDV to the minus and plus ends of the microtubules, respectively; meanwhile, they also can transport PEDV to the opposite ends of the microtubules different from their conventional transport directions and also coordinate the bidirectional movement of PEDV along the same or different microtubules through their cooperation. These results provided deep insights and references to understand the pathogenesis of PEDV as well as to develop vaccines and treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging evidences demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). Abnormal expression of metabolic rate-limiting enzymes, as the executive medium of energy metabolism, drives the occurrence and development of cancer. However, a comprehensive model of metabolic rate-limiting enzymes associated with the development and progression of GC remains unclear. In this research, we identified a rate-limiting enzyme, sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1), was highly expressed in cancerous tissues, which was associated with advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis, leading to the poor prognosis of GC. It was shown that knockdown of SOAT1 or pharmacological inhibition of SOAT1 by avasimibe could suppress GC cell proliferation, cholesterol ester synthesis, and lymphangiogenesis. However, overexpression of SOAT1 promoted these biological processes. Mechanistically, SOAT1 regulated the expression of cholesterol metabolism genes SREBP1 and SREBP2, which could induce lymphangiogenesis via increasing the expression of VEGF-C. In conclusion, our results indicated that SOAT1 promotes gastric cancer lymph node metastasis through lipid synthesis, which suggested that it may be a promising prognostic biomarker for guiding clinical management and treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Abnormal expression of metabolic rate‐limiting enzymes drives the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to elucidate the comprehensive model of metabolic rate‐limiting enzymes associated with the prognosis of HCC. Materials and Methods: HCC animal model and TCGA project were used to screen out differentially expressed metabolic rate‐limiting enzyme. Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) and experimentally verification were performed to identify metabolic rate‐limiting enzyme signature. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and prognostic nomogram were used to assess the efficacy of the signature in the three HCC cohorts (TCGA training cohort, internal cohort and an independent validation cohort). Results: A classifier based on three rate‐limiting enzymes (RRM1, UCK2 and G6PD) was conducted and serves as independent prognostic factor. This effect was further confirmed in an independent cohort, which indicated that the AUC at year 5 was 0.715 (95% CI: 0.653‐0.777) for clinical risk score, whereas it was significantly increased to 0.852 (95% CI: 0.798‐0.906) when combination of the clinical with signature risk score. Moreover, a comprehensive nomogram including the signature and clinicopathological aspects resulted in significantly predict the individual outcomes. Conclusions: Our results highlighted the prognostic value of rate‐limiting enzymes in HCC, which may be useful for accurate risk assessment in guiding clinical management and treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden unexplained death (SUD) takes up a considerable part in overall sudden death cases, especially in adolescents and young adults. During the past decade, many channelopathy- and cardiomyopathy-associated single nucleotide variants (SNVs) have been identified in SUD studies by means of postmortem molecular autopsy, yet the number of cases that remain inconclusive is still high. Recent studies had suggested that structural variants (SVs) might play an important role in SUD, but there is no consensus on the impact of SVs on inherited cardiac diseases. In this study, we searched for potentially pathogenic SVs in 244 genes associated with cardiac diseases. Whole-exome sequencing and appropriate data analysis were performed in 45 SUD cases. Re-analysis of the exome data according to the current ACMG guidelines identified 14 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 10 (22.2%) out of the 45 SUD cases, whereof 2 (4.4%) individuals had variants with likely functional effects in the channelopathy-associated genes SCN5A and TRDN and 1 (2.2%) individual in the cardiomyopathy-associated gene DTNA. In addition, 18 structural variants (SVs) were identified in 15 out of the 45 individuals. Two SVs with likely functional impairment were found in the coding regions of PDSS2 and TRPM4 in 2 SUD cases (4.4%). Both were identified as heterozygous deletions, which were confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. In conclusion, our findings support that SVs could contribute to the pathology of the sudden death event in some of the cases and therefore should be investigated on a routine basis in suspected SUD cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the pedicle screw is the most commonly used internal fixation device. However, there are many kinds of common posterior pedicle screw insertion techniques performed to reconstruct the lumbar stability. Therefore, spinal surgeons often face a difficult choice. The stress distribution of internal fixation system is an important index for evaluating safety. Unfortunately, little had been known about the difference of stress distribution of screw-rod systems that established by Roy-Camille, Magerl and Krag insertion techniques. Here, combination of finite element analysis and model measurement research was adopted to evaluate the difference of stress. Following different pedicle screw insertion techniques, three lumbar posterior surgery models were established after modeling and validation of the L1–S1 vertebrae finite element model. By analyzing the data, we found that stress concentration phenomenon was in all the postoperative models. Roy-Camille and Magerl insertion techniques led to the great stress on screw-rod systems. Then, fresh frozen calf spines were selected as a model for subsequent measurements. Fitted with a specially designed test pedicle screw, L5–L6 vertebrae were selected to repeat and verify the results of the finite element analysis. With the aid of universal testing machine and digital torque wrench, models simulated flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation. Finally, the strain value was captured by the strain gauge and was then calculated as the stress value. Krag and Magerl were found to be the safer choice for pedicle screw insertion. Overall, our combination method obtained the reliable result that Krag insertion technique was the safer approach for pedicle screw implantation due to its relatively dispersive stress. Therefore, without the consideration of screw size, pedicle fill, bone density, and bone structures, we recommend the Krag insertion technique as the first choice to reconstruction of lumbar stability. Additionally, the combination method of finite element analysis and strain gauge measurement can provide a feasible way to study the stress distribution of spinal internal fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA helicase A (RHA) as a member of DExH‐box subgroup of helicase superfamily II, participates in diverse biological processes involved in RNA metabolism in organisms, and these RNA‐mediated biological processes rely on RNA structure conversion. However, how RHA regulate the RNA structure conversion was still unknown. In order to unveil the mechanism of RNA structure conversion mediated by RHA, single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer was adopted to in our assay, and substrates RNA were from internal ribosome entry site of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus genome. We first found that the RNA structure conversion by RHA against thermodynamic equilibrium in vitro, and the process of dsRNA YZ converted to dsRNA XY through a tripartite intermediate state. In addition, the rate of the RNA structure conversion and the distribution of dsRNA YZ and XY were affected by ATP concentrations. Our study provides real‐time insight into ATP‐dependent RHA‐assisted RNA structure conversion at the single molecule level, the mechanism displayed by RHA may help in understand how RHA contributes to many biological functions, and the basic mechanistic features illustrated in our work also underlay more complex protein‐assisted RNA structure conversions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of new effective antimicrobial drugs is still a big challenge to date due to microbial infection remains an inevitable problem against human health. In this study, fatty acids extract of Lucilia sericata larvae (LFAs) was obtained and evaluated by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) was investigated. We found that LFAs exhibited effective antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. pneumoniae with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 125 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The bacterial wall and membrane were the main targets, which was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, a notable anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus and S. pneumoniae was also observed, which was able to both prevent biofilm formation and eradicate mature biofilms of these bacteria. As a promising antibacterial agent, LFAs showed good application prospects in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a corrigendum published in the journal Oncology Letters. It addresses an error in the original article titled "Resveratrol reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of U2OS/ADR cells by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways." The error involves the incorrect incorporation of western blots into Figure 5D, specifically the β-actin bands. The corrected version of Figure 5 is provided, and it is stated that the errors did not impact the study's results or conclusions. The authors express gratitude to the editor for allowing them to publish this corrigendum and apologize for any inconvenience caused. [Extracted from the article]

We introduce an analytical model for Fourier ptychography (FP). The model represents recorded intensity images as linear equations. Here, the sample's self-correlating components are the unknown variables, while the optical system's point-spread function's corresponding components serve as coefficients. This framework facilitates the direct computation of high-resolution complex images from the sample. A standout feature of our model is its ability to verify the uniqueness of the reconstructed image, a critical attribute for numerous quantitative applications. Our linear model offers clear insights into the impact of various experimental factors on accurate reconstruction, such as scanning step, random scanning mode, spatial resolution, and noise. While these factors have been previously acknowledged, their precise roles have remained nebulous. We have also developed an efficient computational method tailored for our model, adept at managing large matrices, thus enhancing the translation of low to high-resolution images. This research elucidates the foundational mathematics behind FP's efficacy, underscoring its potential for optical measurements and metrology where mathematical uniqueness is paramount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive NO x emissions during incineration of waste energetic materials (EMs) is harmful to the environment. Co-combustion technologies with biomass have demonstrated remarkable advantages in reducing NO x emissions. Herein, the co-combustion characteristics and NO x emission behaviors of waste double-base propellant (DP) and pine sawdust (PS) were investigated via thermogravimetric (TG) and fixed-bed experiments firstly. Meanwhile, the general full factorial design (GFFD) was performed to explore the effects of different factors on the NO x emissions of co-combustion. The interaction mechanism between DP and PS was discussed as well. Moreover, the interaction of three other typical waste EMs (RDX, TNT, and triple-base propellant) co-combustion with PS in NO x emissions was studied utilizing orthogonal experiments. The kinetics under air atmosphere indicated that the mixing of PS slightly diminished the combustion reactivity of DP, conversely, the remaining residue of DP combustion promoted the combustion of PS. Oxygen concentration, temperature and mixing ratio all had significant effects on NO x emissions of co-combustion between DP and PS, the degree of effect decreased in turn. Overall, the mixing of PS all suppressed the NO x emissions with significant synergistic effects, optimal synergistic effect at 20 wt% of PS mixing. The synergistic effect in oxygen environment was lower than that in oxygen-free environment. Meanwhile, increasing temperature contributed to enlarging the synergistic effect. Additionally, there was synergistic effect of TNT and PS co-combustion, whereas RDX, TP exerted inhibition effect of co-combustion with PS. Therefore, the co-combustion strategy of waste EMs with PS provides reliable data support and guidance for the control of NO x emissions during the incineration of waste EMs. [Display omitted] • Co-combustion of waste energetic materials and pine sawdust was studied. • The effect of different factors on the interaction of NO x emissions was determined. • Interactions existed in both reaction kinetics and NO x emissions. • Mixing of pine sawdust greatly reduced the NO x emissions of double-base propellant. • The interaction mechanisms of NO x emissions were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the fast development of terahertz (THz) techniques, THz absorbers have a variety of applications. However, current designs have a series of shortcomings, such as low absorption rate and a fixed and narrow absorption bandwidth. To solve such problems, in this paper, we design a tunable broadband THz absorber, which consists of two layers of graphene structures: the top layer is arrayed with the graphene concentric hexagonal rings and the bottom layer is arrayed with regular graphene hexagon rings; therefore, both layers support hybridization and stacking effects. The coexistence of both effects achieves the absorption rate of over 90% in a broad band from 0.93 THz to 1.80 THz. Moreover, the absorption spectrum can be tuned by adjusting the graphene chemical potential, which is insensitive to both incident angle and polarization. Considering advantages such as a tunable broad absorption band, a high absorption rate and insensitive incident angle and polarization, the proposed dual-layer graphene based tunable broadband THz absorber can be a useful reference for absorber design even in other electromagnetic wavebands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To examine whether comorbidity with type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects the clinical and hematological parameters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods. We retrospectively investigated the clinical, imaging, and laboratory characteristics of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized from January 30, 2020 to March 17, 2020, at the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. A detailed clinical record was kept for each subject, including the medical history of COVID-19 and physical and laboratory examinations. A total of 164 subjects were eligible for the study, among which 40 patients were comorbid with T2D. Further analysis was conducted in two subcohorts of sex- and age-matched patients with and without T2D to identify hematological and biochemical differences. The laboratory tests, including routine blood tests, serum biochemistry, and coagulation function, were performed upon admission. Results. The two groups showed no significant differences in baseline parameters, including age, sex, chest X-ray, or computed tomography (CT) findings, upon admission. However, patients with T2D showed an increased incidence of diarrhea. T2D patients required more recovery time from pneumonia, as shown by follow-up CT findings, which might contribute to the prolonged hospitalization. Comorbidity with T2D also increased risk of secondary bacterial infection during COVID-19. The T2D group had significantly higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts compared with the nondiabetic group, but T2D patients suffered from more severe lymphocytopenia and inflammation (P < 0.05). Most biochemical parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, patients with T2D seemed to have a significantly higher risk of developing hyperlactatemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia. Conclusions. COVID-19 patients comorbid with T2D demonstrated distinguishing clinical features and hematological parameters during the infection. It is necessary to develop a different clinical severity scoring system for COVID-19 patients with T2D. This study may provide helpful clues for the assessment and management of COVID-19 in T2D patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]