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This study aimed to investigate the effects of acid corrosion on mechanical properties and fractal characteristics of red sandstone. The mineral composition of red sandstone was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties and acoustic emission (AE) signals of red sandstone specimens corroded by sulfuric acid solution with pH values of 1, 3, and 5 for 30 days were determined by uniaxial compression test and AE technique. The energy dissipation law and the fractal damage characteristics of red sandstone specimens after acid corrosion were analyzed based on the energy and fractal theories. The results indicated that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of red sandstone specimens corroded by acid solution decreased. In addition, the peak strain increased, the cumulative AE ringing count decreased, and the duration of high-level AE ringing shortened. These phenomena became more pronounced as the acidity of the solution increased. The peak values of the total energy and the elastic strain energy of the acid-solution-corroded red sandstone specimens decreased. The energy absorption capacity and energy storage limit of rock specimens also decreased. The fractal dimension and the degree of fragmentation decreased with the dissipated energy used for fragmentation. This research provides valuable insights into the prevention and control of sub-surface geotechnical hazards in acid rain-prone areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety and longevity of key blast furnace (BF) equipment determine the stable and low-carbon production of iron. This paper presents an analysis of the heat transfer characteristics of these components and the uneven distribution of cooling water in parallel pipes based on hydrodynamic principles, discusses the feasible methods for the improvement of BF cooling intensity, and reviews the preparation process, performance, and damage characteristics of three key equipment pieces: coolers, tuyeres, and hearth refractories. Furthermoere, to attain better control of these critical components under high-temperature working conditions, we propose the application of optimized technologies, such as BF operation and maintenance technology, self-repair technology, and full-lifecycle management technology. Finally, we propose further researches on safety assessments and predictions for key BF equipment under new operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we developed a direct strategy to fabricate Palladene (i. e. Palladium metallene) aerogels and propose a temperature‐dependent growth mechanism. Besides the typical three‐dimensional networks and wrinkled surface morphologies, the as‐prepared Palladene50 ${{Palladene}_{50}}$ aerogel is endowed with abundant Pd2+. The as‐prepared Palladene50 ${{Palladene}_{50}}$ aerogel exhibits an excellent mass activity in the formic acid oxidation reaction and a good half‐wave potential in the oxygen reduction reaction in comparison with Pd/C and a Pd aerogel. This work expands the range of metal aerogels from the perspective of the building block units and demonstrates a direct approach to fabricate highly promising bifunctional electrocatalysts for fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex dynamic behavior brings challenges for investigating the ground vibration induced by trains passing through bridges, in which accurate modelling and a large amount of field data are required. To better understand and predict the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains passing through bridges, it is necessary to collect more field test data as well as to develop more accurate models and computational methods. In this study, a two-dimensional (2D) wheel-rail-bridge model was first constructed to determine the forces on the bridge pier, and these forces were then applied to the pier-ground finite element model to capture the ground vibration response. The simulated RMS acceleration and magnitude of acceleration were in good agreement with the field measured results, and the errors were within the acceptable range, which validated the effectiveness of the two-step method proposed in this study. The ground vibration response under various soil conditions was analyzed with the validated numerical model. The proposed method provides a reference for the prediction of ground vibration induced by high-speed trains passing through bridges and for the environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological invasions pose a significant threat to ecosystems, disrupting local biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The genomic underpinnings of invasiveness, however, are still largely unknown, making it difficult to predict and manage invasive species effectively. The common reed (Phragmites australis) is a dominant grass species in wetland ecosystems and has become particularly invasive when transferred from Europe to North America. Here, we present a high-quality gap-free, telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of Phragmites australis consisting of 24 pseudochromosomes and a B chromosome. Fully phased subgenomes demonstrated considerable subgenome dominance and revealed the divergence of diploid progenitors approximately 30.9 million years ago. Comparative genomics using chromosome-level scaffolds for three other lineages and a previously published draft genome assembly of an invasive lineage revealed that gene family expansions in the form of tandem duplications may have contributed to the invasiveness of the lineage. This study sheds light on the genome evolution of Arundinoideae grasses and suggests that genetic drivers, such as gene family expansions and tandem duplications, may underly the processes of biological invasion in plants. These findings provide a crucial step toward understanding and managing the genetic basis of invasiveness in plant species. We provide a complete, telomere to telomere gap-free genome assembly for common reed that includes its B chromosome. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that tandem duplications may have contributed to the invasiveness potential of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the dynamic mechanical properties of red sandstone under normal and acidic conditions with varying pH levels using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique. By integrating fractal theory and energy dissipation theory, the study reveals the changing patterns of fractal dimension and dissipated energy density of red sandstone in acidic environments. The test results indicate that as the impact air pressure increases, the strain rate, compressive strength, and maximum strain of the red sandstone show an upward trend, demonstrating a noticeable hardening effect of the strain rate. The physicochemical effects of acid corrosion lead to a deterioration in the mechanical properties of red sandstone, with a more pronounced deterioration as acidity levels increase. Furthermore, the fractal dimension of crushed red sandstone shows a direct positive relationship with the strain rate, while the average fragmentation block size decreases with increasing strain rate and the fractal dimension increases. Under acid corrosion, the fractal dimension increases, the average fragmentation block size decreases, and the dissipated energy density decreases. These findings offer a scientific foundation for the design and protection of underground geotechnical structures in acid-prone regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the dynamic mechanical properties of red sandstone under normal and acidic conditions with varying pH levels using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique. By integrating fractal theory and energy dissipation theory, the study reveals the changing patterns of fractal dimension and dissipated energy density of red sandstone in acidic environments. The test results indicate that as the impact air pressure increases, the strain rate, compressive strength, and maximum strain of the red sandstone show an upward trend, demonstrating a noticeable hardening effect of the strain rate. The physicochemical effects of acid corrosion lead to a deterioration in the mechanical properties of red sandstone, with a more pronounced deterioration as acidity levels increase. Furthermore, the fractal dimension of crushed red sandstone shows a direct positive relationship with the strain rate, while the average fragmentation block size decreases with increasing strain rate and the fractal dimension increases. Under acid corrosion, the fractal dimension increases, the average fragmentation block size decreases, and the dissipated energy density decreases. These findings offer a scientific foundation for the design and protection of underground geotechnical structures in acid-prone regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangroves play a pivotal role in tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystem, yet they are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, particularly the accelerated global sea level rise (SLR) and stronger tropical cyclones (TCs). However, there is a lack of research addressing future simultaneous combined impacts of the slow-onset of SLR and rapid-onset of TCs on China's mangroves. In order to develop a comprehensive risk assessment method considering the superimposed effects of these two factors and analyze risk for mangroves in Dongzhaigang, Hainan Island, China, we used observational and climate model data to assess the risks to mangroves under low, intermediate, and very high greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios (such as SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) in 2030, 2050, and 2100, and compiled a risk assessment scheme for mangroves in Dongzhaigang, China. The results showed that the combined risks from SLR and TCs will continue to rise; however, SLRs will increase in intensity, and TCs will decrease. The comprehensive risk of the Dongzhaigang mangroves posed by climate change will remain low under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios by 2030, but it will increase substantially by 2100. While under SSP5-8.5 scenario, the risks to mangroves in Dongzhaigang are projected to increase considerably by 2050, and approximately 68.8% of mangroves will be at very high risk by 2100. The risk to the Dongzhaigang mangroves is not only influenced by the hazards but also closely linked to their exposure and vulnerability. We therefore propose climate resilience developmental responses for mangroves to address the effects of climate change. This study for the combined impact of TCs and SLR on mangroves in Dongzhaigang, China can enrich the method system of mangrove risk assessment and provide references for scientific management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epigenetic clocks are accurate predictors of human chronological age based on the analysis of DNA methylation (DNAm) at specific CpG sites. However, a systematic comparison between DNA methylation data and other omics datasets has not yet been performed. Moreover, available DNAm age predictors are based on datasets with limited ethnic representation. To address these knowledge gaps, we generated and analyzed DNA methylation datasets from two independent Chinese cohorts, revealing age-related DNAm changes. Additionally, a DNA methylation aging clock (iCAS-DNAmAge) and a group of DNAm-based multi-modal clocks for Chinese individuals were developed, with most of them demonstrating strong predictive capabilities for chronological age. The clocks were further employed to predict factors influencing aging rates. The DNAm aging clock, derived from multi-modal aging features (compositeAge-DNAmAge), exhibited a close association with multi-omics changes, lifestyles, and disease status, underscoring its robust potential for precise biological age assessment. Our findings offer novel insights into the regulatory mechanism of age-related DNAm changes and extend the application of the DNAm clock for measuring biological age and aging pace, providing the basis for evaluating aging intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may lead to severe neurological consequences, including seizures, and early infancy death. However, the involved mechanisms are still largely unknown. TRPC channels play an important role in regulating nervous system excitability and are implicated in seizure development. We investigated whether TRPCs might be involved in the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection. We found that ZIKV infection increases TRPC4 expression in host cells via the interaction between the ZIKV-NS3 protein and CaMKII, enhancing TRPC4-mediated calcium influx. Pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII decreased both pCREB and TRPC4 protein levels, whereas the suppression of either TRPC4 or CaMKII improved the survival rate of ZIKV-infected cells and reduced viral protein production, likely by impeding the replication phase of the viral life cycle. TRPC4 or CaMKII inhibitors also reduced seizures and increased the survival of ZIKV-infected neonatal mice and blocked the spread of ZIKV in brain organoids derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. These findings suggest that targeting CaMKII or TRPC4 may offer a promising approach for developing novel anti-ZIKV therapies, capable of preventing ZIKV-associated seizures and death. Synopsis: ZIKV exhibits a high neurotropism and poses significant risks to the developing nervous system. We show that inhibition of the host TRPC4 channel or CaMKII impedes ZIKV propagation in human brain organoids and improves survival in a neonatal mouse model of ZIKV infection. ZIKV upregulates the expression of TRPC4 in host cells through the NS3-CaMKII-CREB pathway. Inhibition of the TRPC4 channel effectively disrupts the replication stage of the ZIKV life cycle. TRPC4 and CaMKII inhibitors successfully block proliferation and spread of ZIKV in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids. Treatment with TRPC4 and CaMKII inhibitors reduces seizures and improves survival rates in newborn mice infected with ZIKV. Thus, targeting TRPC4 holds promise as a potential approach for developing anti-ZIKV drugs, offering new treatment strategies for neurological dysfunction caused by ZIKV virus infection. ZIKV exhibits a high neurotropism and poses significant risks to the developing nervous system. We show that inhibition of the host TRPC4 channel or CaMKII impedes ZIKV propagation in human brain organoids and improves survival in a neonatal mouse model of ZIKV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure (HF) constitutes a major determinant of outcome in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The main pattern of HF in CKD patients is preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a frequent pathophysiological mechanism and specific preclinical manifestation of HFpEF. Therefore, exploring and intervention of the factors associated with risk for LVDD is of great importance in reducing the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications in CKD patients. We designed this retrospective cross-sectional study to collect clinical and echocardiographic data from 339 nondialysis CKD patients without obvious symptoms of HF to analyze the proportion of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (ALVDD) and its related factors associated with risk by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among the 339 nondialysis CKD patients, 92.04% had ALVDD. With the progression of CKD stage, the proportion of ALVDD gradually increased. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that increased age (OR 1.237; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.108–1.381, per year), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and hypertensive nephropathy (HTN) (OR 25.000; 95% CI 1.355–48.645, DN and HTN vs chronic interstitial nephritis), progression of CKD stage (OR 2.785; 95% CI 1.228–6.315, per stage), increased mean arterial pressure (OR 1.154; 95% CI 1.051–1.268, per mmHg), increased urinary protein (OR 2.825; 95% CI 1.484–5.405, per g/24 h), and low blood calcium (OR 0.072; 95% CI 0.006–0.859, per mmol/L) were factors associated with risk for ALVDD in nondialysis CKD patients after adjusting for other confounding factors. Therefore, dynamic monitoring of these factors associated with risk, timely diagnosis and treatment of ALVDD can delay the progression to symptomatic HF, which is of great importance for reducing CVD mortality, and improving the prognosis and quality of life in CKD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the geometrical structures and electronic and optical properties of a class of novel 2D semiconducting M2Pc (M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) sheets have been systematically investigated using the density functional theory approach. The M2Pc monolayers are direct-gap semiconductors with band gaps ranging from 1.2 to 1.4 eV at the HSE06 level. By applying biaxial strains within the range of −5% to 10%, the band gaps of M2Pc monolayers can be effectively tuned from 1.09 to 1.83 eV. The feature of a direct gap can be maintained in the broad strain range. Interestingly, M2Pc monolayers exhibit remarkable absorbance coefficients as large as 105 cm−1 with prominent peaks encompassing the infrared to ultraviolet domains. Unexpectedly, a series of heterostructures (M2Pc/TMD and M2Pc/GaN) with type-II band alignment were constructed for solar cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as ∼23.61%. The moderate direct band gaps, high absorption coefficients and PCE pave the way towards potential diverse applications of M2Pc monolayers in nanoelectronics, optics, optoelectronics, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The assessment of hard and soft tissue at edentulous sites is important for subsequent implant treatment design. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between the keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and the underlying alveolar bone dimensions at partial edentulous molar sites. Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 110 patients with at least one missing molar were selected. The buccal KMW of the edentulous molar sites was evaluated. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were collected, and the height discrepancy between the alveolar crest and the buccal bone plate (HC−B) as well as the alveolar bone height (ABH) were measured. The KMW was compared among the HC−B and ABH groups at both maxillary and mandibular sites. Linear regression and generalized estimation equations (GEEs) were used to explore the associations between the KMW and alveolar bone dimensions at α = 0.05. Results: Among the 110 patients, 158 edentulous molar sites were analyzed. The average HC−B and ABH were significantly lower at the maxillary sites (1.26 ± 1.62 mm, 11.62 ± 3.94 mm) than at the mandibular sites (3.67 ± 2.85 mm, 14.91 ± 3.01 mm, p < 0.001). The KMW was significantly lower at sites with HC−B > 2 mm than at sites with HC−B ≤ 2 mm both in the maxilla and mandible (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the KMW at sites with ABH < 10 mm and sites with ABH ≥ 10 mm (p > 0.05). Linear regression and GEEs analyses revealed that the HC−B was significantly associated with the KMW (B = -0.339, p < 0.001), while the association between the KMW and the ABH was not statistically significant (B = -0.046, p = 0.352). Conclusions: The buccal KMW at edentulous molar sites was significantly associated with the HC−B. Alveolar ridges presenting with a sloped configuration were more prone to possess a narrower band of keratinized mucosa. Both hard and soft tissue augmentation should be considered for implant treatment at these sites. The correlations of dynamic changes between the KMW and alveolar bone dimensions after tooth extraction should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Males and females have long shown disparities in body weight and height; yet, the underlying mechanisms influencing growth and development remain unclear. Male and female Zhedong White Geese (ZDW) geese have long been selected for large body size and egg production, respectively. This led to a large difference in body weight between males and females, making them a unique model for studying the effects of sex on growth and development. This study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by comparing the transcriptomes of muscle and pituitary tissues in male and female ZDW geese to identify the critical genes responsible for the effects of sex on growth performance. Our analysis revealed 1101 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leg musculature (507 upregulated, 594 downregulated), 773 DEGs in breast musculature (311 upregulated, 462 downregulated), and 517 DEGs in the pituitary gland (281 upregulated, 236 downregulated) between male and female geese. These DEGs were significantly enriched in gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with endocrine metabolism (e.g., hormonal activities), muscle formation (e.g., sarcomere and myofibril), and bone formation (e.g., bone morphogenesis and cartilage formation). The upregulated genes in males were enriched in KEGG pathways involving nutrient digestion and absorption (vitamin and protein), as well as the secretion of digestive juices (gastric acid and bile). Through protein–protein interaction analyses, we also observed high-density gene networks related to muscle fiber development, calcium ion metabolism, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and bone development. Therefore, our multi-tissue transcriptome analysis provides a deeper understanding of the complex and systematic gender-driven effects on growth and development in geese. IGF1, GHRHR, and NCAPG-LCORL and pathways related to myogenesis might play vital roles in gender differences before hormones exert their effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The backwardness of n‐type organic semiconductors still exists compared with the p‐type counterparts. Thus, the development of high‐performance n‐type organic semiconductors is of great importance for organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits. In recent years, azabenzannulated perylene diimide (PDI), as one of immense bay‐region‐annulated PDI derivatives, has drawn considerable attentions. However, the electronic mobilities of azabenzannulated PDI derivatives are barely satisfactory. In this contribution, the peripheral benzene ring in azabenzannulated PDI 2 was fused to the ortho position by intramolecular C−H arylation cyclization. This endows the resultant azabenzannulated PDI 4 a planar configuration as well as electron deficient pentagonal ring. As a result, the electronic mobility of 4 is almost two orders of magnitude higher than that of the nonfused azabenzannulated PDI 2. This work shall pave a new avenue in elevating the performance of azabenzannulated PDI in organic electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is unclear whether there is any postnatal abnormality in brainstem auditory function in late preterm small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. We investigated the functional integrity of the brainstem auditory pathway at 4 months after term in late preterm SGA infants and defined differences from appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants. The maximum length sequence brainstem evoked response (MLS BAER) was recorded and analyzed in 24 SGA (birthweight < 3rd centile) infants and 28 AGA infants (birthweight > 10th centile). All infants were born at 33–36-week gestation without major perinatal and postnatal problems. We found that I-V interval in SGA infants was shorter than in AGA infants at higher click rates and significantly shorter at the highest rate of 910/s. Of the two smaller intervals, I-III interval was significantly shorter in SGA infants than in AGA infants at higher click rates of 455 and 910/s clicks, whereas III-V interval was similar in the two groups. The III-V/I-III interval ratio in SGA infants tended to be greater than in AGA infants at all rates and was significantly greater at 455 and 910/s clicks. The slope of I-III interval-rate functions in SGA infants was moderately smaller than in AGA infants. Conclusions: The main and fundamental difference between late preterm SGA and AGA infants was a significant shortening in the MLS BAER I-III interval in SGA infants at higher click rates, suggesting moderately faster neural conduction in the caudal brainstem regions. Postnatal neural maturation in the caudal brainstem regions is moderately accelerated in late preterm SGA infants. What is Known: • At 40 weeks of postconceptional age, late preterm SGA infants manifested a mild delay in neural conduction in the auditory brainstem. What is New: • At 56 weeks of postconceptional age, late preterm SGA infants manifested moderately faster neural conduction in the caudal brainstem regions. • Postnatal neural maturation is moderately accelerated in the caudal brainstem regions of late preterm SGA infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been much progress on mononuclear chromium(III) complexes featuring luminescence and photoredox activity, but dinuclear chromium(III) complexes have remained underexplored in these contexts until now. We identified a tridentate chelate ligand able to accommodate both meridional and facial coordination of chromium(III), to either access a mono‐ or a dinuclear chromium(III) complex depending on reaction conditions. This chelate ligand causes tetragonally distorted primary coordination spheres around chromium(III) in both complexes, entailing comparatively short excited‐state lifetimes in the range of 400 to 800 ns in solution at room temperature and making photoluminescence essentially oxygen insensitive. The two chromium(III) ions in the dimer experience ferromagnetic exchange interactions that result in a high spin (S=3) ground state with a coupling constant of +9.3 cm−1. Photoinduced energy transfer from the luminescent ferromagnetically coupled dimer to an anthracene derivative results in sensitized triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion. Based on these proof‐of‐principle studies, dinuclear chromium(III) complexes seem attractive for the development of fundamentally new types of photophysics and photochemistry enabled by magnetic exchange interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify and describe existing models for predicting knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to May 2023 for any studies to develop and validate a prediction model for predicting knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text qualifications, and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST. Data extraction of eligible articles was extracted by a data extraction form based on CHARMS. The quality of evidence was graded according to GRADE. The results were summarized with descriptive statistics. Results: The search identified 2693 records. Sixteen articles reporting on 26 prediction models were included targeting occurrence (n = 9), others (n = 7), progression (n = 5), persistent (n = 2), incident (n = 1), frequent (n = 1), and flares (n = 1) of knee pain. Most of the studies (94%) were at high risk of bias. Model discrimination was assessed by the AUROC ranging from 0.62 to 0.81. The most common predictors were age, BMI, gender, baseline pain, and joint space width. Only frequent knee pain had a moderate quality of evidence; all other types of knee pain had a low quality of evidence. Conclusion: There are many prediction models for knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis that do show promise. However, the clinical extensibility, applicability, and interpretability of predictive tools should be considered during model development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the wetting behavior between carbon brick and molten iron in a blast furnace is crucial for understanding prolonging the furnace's lifespan. This study investigates the wetting behavior between microporous carbon brick and molten iron. The contact angle between the carbon brick and molten iron is measured at various temperatures and carbon saturation conditions, while the microscopic morphology of the reacted interface is examined. Furthermore, the wetting mechanism of molten iron on the carbon brick surface is elucidated. The findings reveal that both the microporous carbon brick and molten iron remain in a never‐wetting state within the furnace. As the temperature rises from 1150 to 1450 °C, the contact angle decreases from 138° to 128°, whereas the initial carbon content in the molten iron increases from 2.6 wt% to 4.1 wt%. Additionally, the initial contact angles gradually increase from 128.3° to 133.6°, with final equilibrium contact angles of 119.2° to 127.0°, indicating a nonwetting state. The carbon dissolution reaction occurs within the carbon matrix region of the microporous carbon brick prior to carbon saturation in the molten iron. Conversely, the presence of a ceramic phase in the ceramic area hampers both chemical erosion and physical penetration of the molten iron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proanthocyanidin‐rich grape seed extract (GSE) has been shown to have the potential to protect bones, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The current study aims to explore GSE's preventive and therapeutic impact on bone loss induced by oestrogen deficiency and the underlying mechanism through the gut microbiota (GM) and metabolomic responses. In oestrogen‐deficient ovariectomized (OVX) mice, GSE ameliorated bone loss by inhibiting the expansion of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), restoring BMAT lipolysis and promoting bone formation. GSE regulated OVX‐induced GM dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Alistipes, Turicibacter and Romboutsia, while elevating the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium. The modified GM primarily impacted lipid and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the serum metabolites of GSE exhibited a significant enrichment in lipid metabolism. In summary, GSE shows potential as a functional food for preventing oestrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss by modulating GM and metabolite‐mediated lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable manufacturing is crucial to achieving carbon neutrality targets. However, research on the sustainability of manufacturing systems is limited, and high consumption, low efficiency, and high emissions have resulted in high resource consumption and rapid environmental degradation. Therefore, it is of great importance to establish an evaluation and improvement indicator system conducive to sustainable development. To this end, this study developed a data-driven methodology for evaluating and enhancing the sustainability of manufacturing systems. Manufacturing system production process data, with data dimensions unified via the emergy method, were used to construct a sustainable development evaluation model that includes four perspectives: economy, environment, society, and sustainability. The model was applied to a flange production workshop in China to analyze the interrelation mechanisms among energy consumption, resource consumption, and environmental pollution, and identify optimization schemes to improve sustainability. After implementing these optimization schemes, the emergy yield rate (EYR) of the flange increased by 23.40%, the environmental load rate (ELR) decreased by 19.03%, the per capita emergy (EPP) increased by 6.88%, and the emergy-based sustainability index (ESI) increased by 52.76%. The method presented herein offers a novel and effective tool to analyze and visualize sustainable development in manufacturing systems and identify the relationship between technology and management in the manufacturing industry; however, this method is based on historical data and rules, and lacks of flexible response to unknown situations. The results provide a reference for enterprises to achieve sustainable and lean manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This retrospective study assessed the efficacy and safety of ketogenic diet therapies in children with epilepsy caused by SLC2A1 genetic mutations and glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome. Methods: Pediatric patients with epilepsy symptoms admitted to our medical center between January 2017 and October 2021 were included if they presented with an SLC2A1 genetic mutation on whole-exome sequencing. We analyzed the patients' convulsions and treatment with antiepileptic drugs. The patients were followed up at different time periods after ketogenic diet therapies. Results: Six patients with SLC2A1 mutations were included in this study. The patients had seizures of different types and frequencies, and they took antiepileptic drugs to relieve their symptoms. They were then treated with a ketogenic diet for at least four months. We analyzed epilepsy control rates at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after ketogenic diet treatment. All patients were seizure-free within a month of receiving the diet therapy. All patients were followed up for six months, three were followed up for 12 months after the treatment, and there was no recurrence of epilepsy during this period. After antiepileptic drug withdrawal, none of the patients experienced seizure relapse when receiving ketogenic diet treatment alone. No severe adverse events occurred during the therapy. Conclusions: Ketogenic diet therapy is very effective and safe for the treatment of epilepsy caused by SLC2A1 mutations. Therefore, patients with glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome caused by SLC2A1 mutations should begin ketogenic diet treatment as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study published in the Clinical Kidney Journal describes a rare occurrence of enterogenic bacterial peritonitis and delayed chylous ascites in a 78-year-old female patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The patient experienced abdominal pain after receiving overheated peritoneal dialysate, which was promptly drained. However, two days later, the patient developed peritonitis and was treated with antibiotics. The patient later developed chylous ascites, which resolved after four weeks. The study suggests that thermal injury and persistent inflammation may have contributed to the delayed response in managing peritonitis and the development of chylous ascites. [Extracted from the article]

How to develop students' computational thinking (CT) is an important topic faced by academics and front-line teachers. However, the solution of programming problems requires paying attention to every detail of the problem and building a solution to the problem step by step, and for beginners, they often get stuck when one of these aspects goes wrong because of the lack of metacognitive abilities. The integration of metacognitive scaffolding in project-based programming instruction can help students identify their strengths, become more aware of their learning status and identify problems in a timely manner. Therefore, this study designed a metacognitive scaffolding in four aspects: planning, monitoring, reflecting and evaluating, and assessed the effects of this scaffolding on students' CT, learning achievement and metacognitive abilities through a quasi-experimental design. The participants were 70 students aged 9–11 years in elementary school, where the experimental group (38 students) used a metacognitive scaffolding-based project-based learning approach, while the control group (32 students) used a traditional project-based learning approach. The results indicate that metacognitive scaffolding has a facilitative effect in helping students improve their CT and learning achievement, but does not significantly improve metacognitive abilities. This study provides insights into the deeper development of students' CT development and metacognitive scaffolding design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe burns may alter the stability of the intestinal flora and affect the patient's recovery process. Understanding the characteristics of the gut microbiota in the acute phase of burns and their association with phenotype can help to accurately assess the progression of the disease and identify potential microbiota markers. Methods: We established mouse models of partial thickness deep III degree burns and collected faecal samples for 16 S rRNA amplification and high throughput sequencing at two time points in the acute phase for independent bioinformatic analysis. Results: We analysed the sequencing results using alpha diversity, beta diversity and machine learning methods. At both time points, 4 and 6 h after burning, the Firmicutes phylum content decreased and the content of the Bacteroidetes phylum content increased, showing a significant decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to the control group. Nine bacterial genera changed significantly during the acute phase and occupied the top six positions in the Random Forest significance ranking. Clustering results also clearly showed that there was a clear boundary between the communities of burned and control mice. Functional analyses showed that during the acute phase of burn, gut bacteria increased lipoic acid metabolism, seleno-compound metabolism, TCA cycling, and carbon fixation, while decreasing galactose metabolism and triglyceride metabolism. Based on the abundance characteristics of the six significantly different bacterial genera, both the XGboost and Random Forest models were able to discriminate between the burn and control groups with 100% accuracy, while both the Random Forest and Support Vector Machine models were able to classify samples from the 4-hour and 6-hour burn groups with 86.7% accuracy. Conclusions: Our study shows an increase in gut microbiota diversity in the acute phase of deep burn injury, rather than a decrease as is commonly believed. Severe burns result in a severe imbalance of the gut flora, with a decrease in probiotics and an increase in microorganisms that trigger inflammation and cognitive deficits, and multiple pathways of metabolism and substance synthesis are affected. Simple machine learning model testing suggests several bacterial genera as potential biomarkers of severe burn phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Molybdenum-containing dendritic mesoporous silica nanosphere (Mo-DMSN) catalysts were prepared by a one-step synthesis method and used as highly efficient catalysts for the transesterification of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PM) and methyl acetate (MA) to propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA). The nMo-DMSN catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, N2 adsorption–desorption and NH3-TPD. The results of FT-IR and XPS confirmed that Mo species enter into the framework of DMSN. Compared with those of the DMSN catalyst, the pore diameters and the acid density of the catalysts increased after the introduction of Mo. According to the results of NH3-TPD, the nMo-DMSN had both weak and medium acid sites, and the acid density increased with the increase of Mo content. The catalytic performance of these catalysts increases in the order of 0.075Mo-DMSN≈0.053Mo-DMSN≈0.036Mo-DMSN > 0.017Mo-DMSN > DMSN, which is consistent with the acid density of the catalysts. The 0.036Mo-DMSN catalyst still had excellent catalytic activity after 5 cycles. Therefore, the Mo-DMSN had significant activity and stability in the transesterification of PMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the global and regional burden of IS (ischemic stroke) deaths due to LPA (low physical activity) from 1990 to 2019, analyzed regional, sex, and age differences in ASMR (age-standardized mortality rate), and provided a comprehensive understanding of the impact of age, period, and cohort on low physical activity related ischemic stroke ASMR. We conducted an APC (age-period-cohort) analysis of the global and four World Bank income level regions' IS mortality data attributed to LPA from 1990 to 2019, using the GBD2019 database, and the results showed that the global net drift of the Ischemic stroke age-standardized mortality attributable to low physical activity was − 1.085%[95% CI: − 1.168, − 1.003].The ASMR drop is most pronounced in the high-income zone, with a net drift of − 2.473% [95% CI: − 2.759, − 2.187] across the four income groups. The influence of age on mortality is increasing in the worldwide old population, while the period and cohort effects are decreasing. We also performed a Joinpoint regression analysis, which revealed that the specific time of considerable drop in ASMR of IS in the global LPA population was 2002–2007, with an APC of -2.628%. The specific period of considerable drop in ASMR in high-income regions with the highest variation was 1999–2007, with an APC = − 4.726%. The global burden of public health deaths caused by LPA is diminishing, with the most notable progress observed in high-income regions. However, in low and lower-middle income areas, the situation continues to deteriorate. Within the global elderly population, the effects of age on mortality is increasing, while the effects of period and cohort are diminishing. These trends vary across income levels, highlighting the necessity for enhanced international collaboration to formulate context-specific public health strategies aimed at enhancing cardiovascular health on a global, regional, and national scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Binary polyantimony clusters, namely [Cu2Sb14]4– and [Ag2Sb14]4–, containing coinage metals, were successfully synthesized and characterized, in which two homoatomic Sb73– subunits are bridged by two coinage metals in η4:η1 and η1:η1 coordination modes, respectively. In [Cu2Sb14]4–, two bridging Cu ions and two Sb atoms form a planar rhombic unit, which was revealed to have antiaromatic properties by theoretical calculations. Further electron structure and bonding analysis confirmed the presence of delocalized bonds in the rhombic unit and the metallophilic interaction between two formal M+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain-inspired parallel computing based on a floating gate organic field effect transistor (FG-OFET) memory device, which has gathered considerable attention by virtue of its simple fabrication, scalable neuromorphic computing and low cost, is a promising technology for effectively handling large amounts of informational data. However, the FG-OFET memory device often shows a limited memory window and low cycling stability, which can hardly satisfy the requirements for high-performance synaptic electronics. Here, we developed a non-volatile transistor memory (NVTM) device with hybrid nanocomposites (defined as the MXP) as the floating gate layer, through facilely intercalating poly(3-trifluoromethylstyrene) (PTF) nanoparticles into Ti3C2Tx–MXene nanosheets. The device showed a high on/off current ratio (≈105), large memory window (>47.8 V), cyclic endurance (>103 cycles) and stable retention (>105 s), which could be ascribed to the MXP with high specific surface area and electrical affinity. Furthermore, the synaptic functions, such as excitatory postsynaptic current/inhibitory postsynaptic current (EPSC/IPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD), were also successfully emulated by the NVTMs. This work not only provides a promising design strategy of organic–inorganic-hybrid two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposites for advanced device applications, but also paves a way for upgrading the synaptic FG-OFET based neuromorphic hardware systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a type of innate immune cells that produce a large amount of IL‐5 and IL‐13 and two cytokines that are crucial for various processes such as allergic airway inflammation, tissue repair and tissue homeostasis. It is known that damaged epithelial‐derived alarmins, such as IL‐33, IL‐25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), are the predominant ILC2 activators that mediate the production of type 2 cytokines. In recent years, abundant studies have found that many factors can regulate ILC2 development and function. Hormones synthesized by the body's endocrine glands or cells play an important role in immune response. Notably, ILC2s express hormone receptors and their proliferation and function can be modulated by multiple hormones during allergic airway inflammation. Here, we summarize the effects of multiple hormones on ILC2‐driven allergic airway inflammation and discuss the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the presence of a Ti(C,N) protective layer in molten iron is of great significance for achieving low carbon and safe production in blast furnaces. This study focuses on analyzing the high temperature dissolution experiment of TiC0.3N0.7 in molten iron to elucidate the kinetics and mechanisms involved, as well as strategies for regulating its dissolution. The results reveal that the dissolution reaction of TiC0.3N0.7 is predominantly influenced by the temperature and flow speed of the molten iron. The dissolution process can be categorized into two stages: dissolution reaction and physical penetration. Diffusion mass transfer is the dominant factor controlling the dissolution of TiC0.3N0.7, with an apparent activation energy of 60.15 kJ/mol. Upon contact with molten iron, dendritic penetration of TiC0.3N0.7 particles occurs, starting from the edges. To enhance the stable presence of TiC0.3N0.7, recommendations include reinforcing furnace cylinder cooling, reducing the heat transfer coefficient of the blast furnace hearth's resistant material, increasing the carbon content of the molten iron, and decreasing the sulfur content of the molten iron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: CCR2 (C‐C chemokine receptor type 2) plays a crucial role in inflammatory and bone metabolic diseases; however, its role in peri‐implantitis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether CCR2 contributes to peri‐implantitis and the treatment effects of cenicriviroc (CVC) on peri‐implant inflammation and bone resorption. Materials and Methods: The expression of CCR2 was studied using clinical tissue analysis and an in vivo peri‐implantitis model. The role of CCR2 in promoting inflammation and bone resorption in peri‐implantitis was evaluated in Ccr2−/− mice and wild‐type mice. The effect of CVC on peri‐implantitis was evaluated using systemic and local dosage forms. Results: Human peri‐implantitis tissues showed increased CCR2 and CCL2 levels, which were positively correlated with bone loss around the implants. Knocking out Ccr2 in an experimental model of peri‐implantitis resulted in decreased monocyte and macrophage infiltration, reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine generation and impaired osteoclast activity, leading to reduced inflammation and bone loss around the implants. Treatment with CVC ameliorated bone loss in experimental peri‐implantitis. Conclusions: CCR2 may be a potential target for peri‐implantitis treatment by harnessing the immune‐inflammatory response to modulate the local inflammation and osteoclast activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The N6-methyladenosine (M6A) modification is the most common internal chemical modification of RNA molecules in eukaryotes. This modification can affect mRNA metabolism, regulate RNA transcription, nuclear export, splicing, degradation, and translation, and significantly impact various aspects of physiology and pathobiology. Radiotherapy is the most common method of tumor treatment. Different intrinsic cellular mechanisms affect the response of cells to ionizing radiation (IR) and the effectiveness of cancer radiotherapy. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding the roles and mechanisms of RNA M6A methylation in cellular responses to radiation-induced DNA damage and in determining the outcomes of cancer radiotherapy. Insights into RNA M6A methylation in radiation biology may facilitate the improvement of therapeutic strategies for cancer radiotherapy and radioprotection of normal tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the mechanical properties and fracture modes of sandstone with single and double cracks under varying confining pressures through triaxial compression tests. The stress–strain curves, mechanical parameters, and fracture modes of both intact and cracked sandstone are analyzed based on experimental results. The study finds that the presence of cracks has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of sandstone, with greater damage observed with an increase in the number of cracks. The peak strength and strain of a cracked rock sample increase with the increase in crack angle. The fracture mode of sandstone is influenced by both crack angle and confining pressure. When the crack angle is small, the fracture mode is a combination of shear and tensile failure, while a large crack angle results in shear failure. Moreover, as the confining pressure increases, the degree of damage to the sandstone also increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction caused by excessive ER stress is a crucial mechanism underlying seizures-induced neuronal injury. Studies have shown that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to ER stress, and our previous study showed that activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5)-regulated mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) modulated mitochondrial ROS generation in a hippocampal neuronal culture model of seizures. However, the effects of ATF5-regulated mtUPR on ER stress and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain in epilepsy. In this study, ATF5 upregulation by lentivirus infection attenuated seizures-induced neuronal damage and apoptosis in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy, whereas ATF5 downregulation by lentivirus infection had the opposite effects. ATF5 upregulation potentiated mtUPR by increasing the expression of mitochondrial chaperone heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and caseinolytic protease proteolytic subunit (ClpP) and reducing mitochondrial ROS generation in pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. Additionally, upregulation of ATF5 reduced the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), suggesting suppression of ER stress; Moreover, ATF5 upregulation attenuated apoptosis-related proteins such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) downregulation, BCL2-associated X (BAX) and cleaved-caspase-3 upregulation. However, ATF5 downregulation exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, pretreatment with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mito-TEMPO attenuated the harmful effects of ATF5 downregulation on ER stress and neuronal apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial ROS generation. Overall, our study suggested that ATF5-regulated mtUPR exerted neuroprotective effects against pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats and the underlying mechanisms might involve mitochondrial ROS-mediated ER stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the porosity of solid acids is essential for the catalytic conversion of macromolecular biomass. This work prepared mesoporous polymeric solid acids (HCPSA-NAP-x) by adjusting the copolymerization ratio of naphthalene and benzene and further sulfonated, and their catalytic activities in cellulose hydrolysis and oleic acid esterification were investigated. The effects of the ratio of naphthalene to benzene on the pore structure and the density of –SO3H were systematically investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2-physisorption and acid density titration. The characterization results demonstrated that HCPSA-NAP-x with a larger mesoporous volume could be prepared by adjusting the ratio of naphthalene to benzene. At the same time, the appropriate increase in the naphthalene ratio facilitated the introduction of –SO3H in HCPSA-NAP-x. The catalytic experiments showed that HCPSA-NAP-4, which has the largest mesoporous volume and higher –SO3H density in HCPSA-NAP-x, exhibited excellent catalytic activities and stabilities in cellulose hydrolysis and oleic acid esterification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: To evaluate whether the use of norepinephrine during the management of patients with sepsis affects the perfusion index (PI) and patient outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively studied patients with septic shock between January 2014 and December 2018 who had undergone Pulse index Continuous Cardiac Output-Plus cardiac output monitoring and received norepinephrine during the management. We collected data regarding basic clinical characteristics. Hemodynamic parameters, including lactate, PI, and norepinephrine dose at T0 and 24 h after Pulse index Continuous Cardiac Output catheterization (T24) were obtained. Results: The PI of the nonsurvivor group (n = 44) was significantly lower than that of the survivor group (n = 144) at T24, and the lactate level of the nonsurvivor group was significantly higher than that of the survivor group. The multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that the norepinephrine dose and PI were the most independent risk and protective factors, respectively, for intensive care unit mortality. The area under the curve for a poor prognosis was 0.847 (95% confidence interval, 0.782-0.912). The optimal cutoff value of the PI at T24 to predict intensive care unit mortality was 0.6, with a sensitivity of 77.1% and a specificity of 80%. Based on this optimal cutoff value, we divided patients into groups with PI ≥ 0.6 (n = 125) and PI < 0.6 (n = 59). The lactate level of the PI < 0.6 group was higher than that of the PI ≥ 0.6 group at T24. The PI < 0.6 group showed a significantly higher sublingual dose of norepinephrine indicators than the PI ≥ 0.6 group. The PI showed a strong negative correlation with norepinephrine dose (r = −0.344, P <.001) and lactate (r = −0.291, P <.001). Conclusions: A higher PI is a protective factor, and a higher dose of norepinephrine is a risk factor for the prognosis of critically ill patients with septic shock. A lower PI was associated with a higher dose of norepinephrine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is always seen in osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency. Herein, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon by establishing a mouse model of osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy (OVX)-mimicked estrogen deficiency. Methods: Micro-CT, osmium tetroxide staining, and histological analyses were performed to examine the changes in bone microstructure, BMAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) in OVX mice compared to sham mice. The osteogenesis and adipogenesis of primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from sham and OVX mice were compared in vitro. The molecular phenotypes of BMAT and WAT were determined and compared by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Bone marrow adipocyte-conditioned medium (BMA CM) was prepared from sham or OVX mice for coculture assays, and BMSCs or bone marrow monocytes/macrophages (BMMs) were isolated and subjected to osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, respectively. Cell staining and qPCR were used to assess the effects of BMAT on bone metabolism. Results: OVX-induced estrogen deficiency induced reductions in both cortical and trabecular bone mass along with an expansion of BMAT volume. At the cellular level, loss of estrogen inhibited BMSC osteogenesis and promoted BMSC adipogenesis, whereas addition of estradiol exerted the opposite effects. In response to estrogen deficiency, despite the common proinflammatory molecular phenotype observed in both fat depots, BMAT, unlike WAT, unexpectedly exhibited an increase in adipocyte differentiation and lipolytic activity as well as the maintenance of insulin sensitivity. Importantly, BMAT, but not WAT, presented increased mRNA levels of both BMP receptor inhibitors (Grem1, Chrdl1) and Rankl following OVX. In addition, treatment with BMA CM, especially from OVX mice, suppressed the osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs while favoring the osteoclast differentiation of BMMs. Conclusion: Our study illustrates that OVX-induced estrogen deficiency results in bone loss and BMAT expansion by triggering imbalance between the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs. Furthermore, expanded BMAT, unlike typical WAT, may negatively regulate bone homeostasis through paracrine inhibition of osteoblast-mediated bone formation and promotion of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Our previous study revealed that the C‐C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a promising target for periodontitis prevention and treatment. However, CCR2 is a receptor with multiple C‐C motif chemokine ligands (CCLs), including CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL13 and CCL16, and which of these ligands plays a key role in periodontitis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the key functional ligand of CCR2 in periodontitis and to evaluate the potential of the functional ligand as a therapeutic target for periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The expression levels and clinical relevance of CCR2, CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL13 and CCL16 were studied using human samples. The role of CCL2 in periodontitis was evaluated by using CCL2 knockout mice and overexpressing CCL2 in the periodontium. The effect of local administration of bindarit in periodontitis was evaluated by preventive and therapeutic medication in a mouse periodontitis model. Microcomputed tomography, haematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, bead‐based immunoassays and flow cytometry were used for histomorphology, molecular biology and cytology analysis. Results: Among different ligands of CCR2, only CCL2 was significantly up‐regulated in periodontitis gingival tissues and was positively correlated with the severity of periodontitis. Mice lacking CCL2 showed milder inflammation and less bone resorption than wild‐type mice, which was accompanied by a reduction in monocyte/macrophage recruitment. Adeno‐associated virus‐2 vectors overexpressing CCL2 in Ccl2−/− mice gingiva reversed the attenuation of periodontitis in a CCR2‐dependent manner. In ligation‐induced experimental periodontitis, preventive or therapeutic administration of bindarit, a CCL2 synthesis inhibitor, significantly inhibited the production of CCL2, decreased the osteoclast number and bone loss and reduced the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β. Conclusions: CCL2 is a pivotal chemokine that binds to CCR2 during the progression of periodontitis, and targeting CCL2 may be a feasible option for controlling periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The secondary metabolites of marine fungi with rich chemical diversity and biological activity are an important and exciting target for natural product research. This study aimed to investigate the fungal community in Quanzhou Bay, Fujian, and identified 28 strains of marine fungi. A total of 28 strains of marine fungi were screened for small-scale fermentation by the OSMAC (One Strain-Many Compounds) strategy, and 77 EtOAc crude extracts were obtained and assayed for cancer cell inhibition rate. A total of six strains of marine fungi (P-WZ-2, P-WZ-3-2, P-WZ-4, P-WZ-5, P56, and P341) with significant changes in cancer cell inhibition induced by the OSMAC strategy were analysed by UPLC-QTOF-MS. The ACD/MS Structure ID Suite software was used to predict the possible structures with inhibitory effects on cancer cells. A total of 23 compounds were identified, of which 10 compounds have been reported to have potential anticancer activity or cytotoxicity. In this study, the OSMAC strategy was combined with an untargeted metabolomics approach based on UPLC-QTOF-MS to efficiently analyse the effect of changes in culture conditions on anticancer potentials and to rapidly find active substances that inhibit cancer cell growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insulin-like growth factors 2 (IGF2) is an insulin-like growth factor that plays a major role in animal growth, cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as reproduction. IGF2 is well-known to be a candidate gene of growth and reproductive traits in many agricultural animals. Our previous study revealed that the G63A (Chr2: G26541617A) mutation within IGF2 exon 1 showed a significant association with egg numbers (E180d) of Sanhua goose population (p < 0.05). However, little work focus on the correlation between the IGF2 mutations and goose growth traits. In this study, qPCR indicated that the IGF2 mRNA highly expressed in leg muscle, liver, ovary and pituitary gland. Meanwhile, association analysis showed that the G63A mutation was significantly associated with the body weight of first-hatched Zhedong-White geese (BW0, p < 0.05), and strongly significantly associated with the BW2, BW4, BW6, BW8 and BW10 (p < 0.01). The GG homozygous had the lowest BW (from 4 weeks to 10 weeks) than those of AA and AG genotypes (p < 0.01), and the allele A was also positively correlated with the BW of the Zhedong-White goose population. Therefore, the G63A mutation in IGF2 may be an important genetic marker for goose breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]