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Peripheral neuropathy (PN) significantly impacts the quality of life, causing substantial morbidity and increased mortality, as well as escalating healthcare costs. While PN can have various causes, the most common form, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, poses considerable risks for potential complications. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects over 50% of people with prediabetes and diabetes. Despite its prevalence, a global gap in diagnosis and management exists, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This expert consensus was formulated through a comprehensive evaluation by a panel of experts, informed by a focused literature review, aiming to establish a clinically robust approach to diagnosing and managing pre- and diabetic PN with the early utilization of neurotropic B vitamins. This document offers a consensus perspective on the existing challenges in diagnosing and managing PN, focusing on DPN. The expert panel proposes measures to address this underdiagnosed burden, highlighting the importance of early intervention through innovative screening methods, integrated care approaches, and therapeutic strategies. The document advocates for increased awareness, targeted campaigns, and proactive care strategies to bridge gaps in the patient care of individuals with diabetes, emphasizing the importance of early detection and timely management to improve overall health outcomes. Specific recommendations include incorporating simplified questionnaires and innovative screening methods into routine care, prioritizing neurotropic B vitamin supplementation, optimizing glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist treatments, and adopting a holistic approach to neuropathy management. The consensus underscores the urgent need to address the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of PN, offering practical measures to enhance early detection and improve health outcomes for individuals with DPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-stage renal disease is a worldwide health burden, but the pathogenesis of uremia-associated cognitive impairment (CI) is poorly recognized. We hypothesized that uremia brings about deficiency of thiamin and folic acid and causes CI by inducing oxidative stress. Therefore, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a 5/6 nephrectomy group (n = 12) and a sham-operated group (n = 12). The Morris water maze was used to assess the cognitive function eight weeks post-surgery, and serum levels of thiamin, folic acid and homocysteine were detected subsequently. Brain and kidney tissues were collected for pathological examination and 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunochemistry staining. Results showed that the escape latency on training days 1-2 was longer, and the time in quadrant IV on experimental day 6 was significantly shorter in 5/6 nephrectomy group. Meanwhile, the uremic rats showed decreased thiamin, folic acid and increased homocysteine. We also found the time in quadrant IV was positively correlated with thiamin and folic acid level, while negatively correlated with the blood urea nitrogen and 8-OHdG positive cell proportion. Furthermore, in 5/6 nephrectomy group, the hippocampal neuron count was significantly reduced, and a greater proportion of 8-OHdG positive cells were detected. Pretreating LPS-stimulated rat microglial cells with thiamin or folic acid in vitro alleviated the inflammatory impairment in terms of cell viability and oxidative stress. In summary, we applied a uremic rat model and proved that uremia causes serum thiamin and folic acid deficiency, homocysteine elevation, along with neuron reduction and severe oxidative stress in hippocampus, finally leading to CI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incidence of esophageal and gastric cancer has been linked to low B‐vitamin status. We conducted matched nested case–control studies of incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC; 340 case–control pairs) and gastric cancer (GC; 352 case–control pairs) within the Golestan Cohort Study. The primary exposure was plasma biomarkers: riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) (vitamin B2), pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (B6), cobalamin (B12), para‐aminobenzoylglutamate (pABG) (folate), and total homocysteine (tHcy); and indicators for deficiency: 3‐hydroxykyurenine‐ratio (HK‐r for vitamin B6) and methylmalonic acid (MMA for B12). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression adjusting for matching factors and potential confounders. High proportions of participants had low B‐vitamin and high tHcy levels. None of the measured vitamin B levels was associated with the risk of ESCC and GC, but elevated level of MMA was marginally associated with ESCC (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.99–2.04) and associated with GC (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.05–2.22). Risk of GC was higher for the highest versus lowest quartile of HK‐r (OR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.19–3.21) and for elevated versus non‐elevated HK‐r level (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.13–2.25). Risk of ESCC (OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.54–5.13) and gastric cancer (OR = 2.09, 95%CI = 1.17–3.73) was higher for the highest versus lowest quartile of tHcy. In conclusion, insufficient vitamin B12 was associated with higher risk of ESCC and GC, and insufficient vitamin B6 status was associated with higher risk of GC in this population with prevalent low plasma B‐vitamin status. Higher level of tHcy, a global indicator of OCM function, was associated with higher risk of ESCC and GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with a complex aetiology. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between vitamin B supplementation and AD risk and to explore the potential mediating effect of the gut microbiota in this relationship. Methods: We employed a Mendelian randomisation analysis to examine the association between different vitamin B supplementation modalities (vitamin B6, folic acid, B12, and vitamin B complex tablets) and AD risk. Univariate Mendelian randomisation with inverse-variance weighting was used. Additionally, mediation analyses were conducted to identify the potential mediating effects of 119 known bacterial genera. Results: The univariate Mendelian randomisation analyses showed no significant direct associations between individual vitamin B supplements or vitamin B complex tablets and AD risk. However, several gut bacterial genera were significantly associated with AD risk. Lachnospiraceae (NK4A136 group), Paraprevotella, Slackia, and Bifidobacterium were associated with reduced AD risk, while Defluviitaleaceae (UCG011), Desulfovibrio, Eubacterium ventriosum group, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-003 were associated with increased AD risk. The mediation analysis revealed that Lachnospiraceae (NK4A136 group), Defluviitaleaceae (UCG011), and Bifidobacterium fully mediated the causal relationships between vitamin B12, B6, and B complex supplementation, respectively, and AD risk. Conclusions: This study provides evidence suggesting that certain gut microbiota genera are significantly associated with AD risk and may mediate the relationship between vitamin B supplementation and AD risk. These findings offer new insights into the variable effectiveness of B vitamins in treating neurodegenerative diseases and suggest potential new strategies for AD treatment and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: : This study aimed to check the effect of supplementation with low-dose group B vitamins on clinical and biochemical parameters on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Research design and method: : This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was carried out on 85 critically ill patients with COVID-19. All patients received high protein prescriptions of 30 kcal/kg/d by enteral nutrition. The intervention group (n = 40) received vitamin B complex, including thiamine (10 mg), riboflavin (4 mg), nicotinamide (40 mg), and dexpanthenol (6 mg). The control group received similar nutritional supports, except for group B vitamins. Assessments were carried out at baseline and after 2 weeks of intervention. Results: : Vitamin B supplementation had no effects on the biochemical and pathological parameters including kidney function, arterial blood gas parameters, Glasgow coma scale, cell blood count, and serum electrolytes of the intervention group compared with the control group. The 30-day mortality was insignificantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (83.3% against 96.1%, P = 0.07). Conclusions: The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 might be improved by low-dose vitamin B supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae are exceptional organisms from a nutritional perspective, boasting an array of bioactive compounds that have long justified their incorporation into human diets. In this study, we explored the potential of five microalgae species: Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis chuii, Chaetoceros muelleri, Thalassiosira weissflogii, and Tisochrysis lutea. We conducted comprehensive analyses of their nutritional profiles, encompassing protein content, individual amino acid composition, mineral and trace element levels, fatty acid profiles (including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)), polyphenol compositions, and vitamin B content. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated using two methods: ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total protein content of the microalgae ranged from 34.09 ± 0.39% to 42.45 ± 0.18%, with the highest concentration observed in T. weissflogii. Essential amino acids such as histidine, threonine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and methionine were present in concentrations ranging from 0.53 ± 0.02 to 12.55 ± 2.21 g/16 g N. Glutamic acid emerged as the most abundant amino acid, with concentrations ranging from 6.73 ± 0.82 to 12.55 ± 2.21 g/16 g N. Among the microalgae species, T. chuii exhibited the highest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn), while C. muelleri showed prominence in magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and iron (Fe). T. weissflogii stood out for its potassium (K) content, and T. lutea contained notable amounts of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb). Regarding fatty acid profiles, Nannochloropsis sp. and T. chuii were predominantly composed of SFA, while C. muelleri and T. weissflogii were rich in MUFA. PUFAs dominated the fatty acid profile of T. lutea, which also exhibited the most diverse range of polyphenolic substances. We also analyzed the B vitamin content, with T. lutea displaying the highest concentrations of niacin (B3 ) and riboflavin (B2 ). Antioxidant activity was confirmed for all microalgae tested using DPPH and ABTS radical IC50 (mg/mL) converted to Trolox equivalent (TEAC). These findings underscore the substantial potential of the examined microalgae species as sources of biologically valuable substances characterized by rapid growth and relatively undemanding cultivation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition is common in older adults, and its risk is greater in those living with dementia. Relative to cognitively healthy peers, the prevalence of malnutrition is also increased in individuals with early stages of cognitive disorders owing to pathophysiological, cognitive, and psychosocial changes related to cognitive impairment. Malnutrition is associated with adverse health outcomes, including faster cognitive and functional decline. Here, we provide an overview of the prevention, assessment, and management of malnutrition in older adults, with a special focus on the aspects that are important to consider in individuals with early stages of cognitive disorders. Strategies to prevent malnutrition include systematic screening for malnourishment using validated tools to detect those at risk. If the screening reveals an increased risk of malnutrition, a detailed assessment including the individual's nutritional, medical, and functional status as well as dietary intake should be performed. The management of malnutrition in the early stages of cognitive disorders should be based on the findings of a comprehensive assessment and be personalized according to the individual's specific characteristics. In the article, we also provide an overview of the evidence on vitamin supplements and specific dietary patterns to prevent cognitive decline or attenuate its progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extruded preparations on the bioactive and nutritional properties, vitamin B content, volatile compound profile, and quality of whole wheat bread. Extruded preparations based on stale bread (secondary raw materials) and apple pomace (byproducts) were used as bread additives. It was found that the preparations did not enrich the bread in protein but in health-promoting compounds, especially gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, quercetin, and B vitamins. Extruded preparations had a positive effect on the quality of the bread produced, such as yield and cohesiveness, and gave it a pleasant aroma. It was shown that among all the examined bread samples with added extruded preparations of stale bread, the cornmeal and apple pomace bread samples with 15% extruded preparation (containing 55% cornmeal, 30% stale bread, and 15% apple pomace) had sufficient nutritional value, the highest amounts of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and quercetin; medium amounts of ellagic acid; high antioxidant activity determined in vitro using four methods (by DPPH, ABTS, power (FRAP), and Fe(II) chelating assays); adequate quality; and significant amounts of vitamins, especially B1, B2, and B3. This type of extruded preparation should utilize apple pomace, which is a byproduct, and stale bread, which is a secondary waste. Such a combination is an excellent low-cost, easy, and prospective solution for the baking industry that could be applied to obtain bread with elevated nutritional value and enhanced health potential, as proven in this publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean seeds are excellent sources of tocopherols, B vitamins, and isoflavones, which are well known for their health benefits. This study investigated the influence of environment and genotype on these constituents across 13 Korean soybean varieties cultivated in three locations during the 2017–2019 growing seasons. Statistical analyses, employing both univariate and multivariate methods, revealed significant impacts of genetic and environmental factors on the composition of tocopherols, B vitamins, and isoflavones. Through permutational univariate analysis of variance, the primary contributors to each measured component were identified. Genotype strongly influenced the levels of β- and δ-tocopherols, whereas the interaction between location and year predominantly affected α- and γ-tocopherols. Vitamin B1 content was predominantly determined by genotype, whereas B3 and B6 were influenced by annual variations. Vitamin B2 level was primarily affected by the interplay between environmental and genotypic effects. Genotype had a significant effect on isoflavone components, with the exception of daidzein. Furthermore, early maturing varieties and those with black seed coats exhibited low levels of isoflavone components and total isoflavones, suggesting a relationship between maturity group and seed coat color in isoflavone variation. These findings can be used as reference values for compositional equivalence assessment of genetically modified soybeans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Erdosteine (Erd) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug. Vitamin B has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of erdosteine and vitamin B complex on a liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Wistar Albino male rats weighing 350–400 g were used. The animals were randomly selected and divided into four groups. The groups are as follows: first group (Sham), second group (I/R), third group (I/R + vit B), and fourth group (I/R + vit B + Erd). Rats were subjected to 45 min of hepatic ischemia, followed by a 45 min reperfusion period in the I/R and Vitamin B + Erd groups. An amount of 150 mg/kg/day of erdosteine was given orally for 2 days, and 0.05 mL/kg of i.p. vitamin B complex was given 30 min before the reperfusion. Serum biochemical parameters were measured. Serum Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Total Oxidant Status (TOS) were measured, and the Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) was calculated. Hepatic tissue samples were taken for the evaluation of histopathological features. Results: In terms of all histopathological parameters, there were significant differences in the I/R + vit B group and I/R + vit B + Erd group compared with the I/R group (p < 0.01). In terms of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels, there were significant differences between the I/R group and treatment groups (p < 0.01). The lowest TOS and OSI levels were obtained in the treatment groups, and these groups had statistically significantly higher TAS levels compared with the sham and I/R groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions: As a preliminary experimental study, our study suggests that these agents may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications for both ischemic conditions and liver-related diseases. These results suggest that the combination of vit B + Erd may be used to protect against the devastating effects of I/R injury. Our study needs to be confirmed by clinical studies with large participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between glaucoma and B vitamin dietary intake. A total of 5025 enrolled individuals participated in self-reported glaucoma questionnaire and 3264 participated in International Society Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. In self-reported glaucoma, the risk of having self-reported glaucoma was lower in the third quartile of vitamin B1 intake (odds ratio [odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40–0.97), and P trend (P trend = 0.004) for vitamin B12 was significant; in males, the third quartile of vitamin B1 intake (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.83) and the fourth quartile of vitamin B2 intake (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17–0.89) were associated with a lower risk. In glaucoma based on ISGEO criteria, the increase of niacin intake (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.99) was negatively associated with the odds of self-reported glaucoma. After sex-stratified analysis, the third quartile of vitamin B6 intake (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.60) in males were associated with reduced odds of glaucoma. The restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a nonlinear association of vitamin B2 (p for nonlinearity = 0.04) and B9 (p for nonlinearity = 0.024) intake with glaucoma diagnosed by ISGEO criteria in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The previous studies have suggested that serum homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B levels are potentially related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the causality between their concentrations and ASD risk remains unclear. To elucidate this genetic association, we used a Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Methods: For this MR analysis, 47 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—13 related to Hcy, 13 to folate, 14 to vitamin B6, and 7 to vitamin B12—were obtained from a large-scale Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) database and employed as instrumental variables (IVs). Our study used three approaches to calculate the MR estimates, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger method, and weighted median (WM) method. Among these, the IVW method served as our primary MR method. False discovery rate (FDR) was implemented to correct for multiple comparisons. We also performed a series of sensitivity analyses, including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger's intercept, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out analysis, and the funnel plot. Results: Univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analysis revealed a statistical association between serum vitamin B12 levels and ASD risk (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.12–2.52, P = 0.01) using the IVW method. However, neither the WM method (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 0.93–2.66, P = 0.09) nor the MR-Egger method (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 0.48–11.19, P = 0.34) was significantly association with higher levels of serum vitamin B12 and ASD risk. Additionally, we found no evidence of causal relationships between serum levels of vitamin B6, folate, Hcy, and ASD risk. After correcting for the FDR, the causality between serum vitamin B12 levels and ASD risk remained significant (q value = 0.0270). Multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis indicated an independent association between elevated serum vitamin B12 levels and the risk of ASD (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.03–2.95, P = 0.03) using the IVW method, but this finding was inconsistent when using the WM method (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 0.89–3.36, P = 0.11) and MR-Egger method (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 0.95–2.71, P = 0.08). Furthermore, no causal associations were observed for serum levels of vitamin B6 and folate in MVMR analysis. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that these results were reliable. Conclusion: Our study indicated that elevated serum vitamin B12 levels might increase the risk of ASD. The potential implications of our results for ASD risk warrant validation in randomized clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the dietary intake of vitamin B complex (thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin) and cervical cancer in Korea. Methods: The data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed, which included 28,306 participants who were categorized into non-cervical cancer and cervical cancer groups. The following dietary intake threshold levels of thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin were identified based on the recommended daily allowances (RDAs): thiamine, 1.1 mg/day; riboflavin, 1.2 mg/day; and niacin, 14 mg/day. Results: Among 28,306 participants, 27,976 were in the non-cervical cancer group and 330 were in the cervical cancer group. Riboflavin intakes of more than 1.2 mg/day but less than 2.4 mg/day were associated with a significantly reduced risk of cervical cancer, whereas intakes of above 2.4 mg/day were not associated with cervical cancer. Thiamine and niacin intakes were not significantly related to the risk of cervical cancer. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that an intake of riboflavin of 1.2–2.4 mg/day may contribute to a lower risk of cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With rising rates of complementary and alternative medicine use, the exploration of complementary and alternative medicine integration into oncology treatments is becoming increasingly prevalent. Vitamin B compounds including B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, and B12, have all been proposed as potentially beneficial in cancer prevention and treatment as well as side effect management; however, many studies contain contradicting evidence regarding the utility of B vitamins within oncology. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Vitamin B supplementation in the oncology setting. Design: A systematic review was conducted following The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Scoping Reviews guidelines, using pre-specified search terms in PubMed to include randomized control trials, clinical trials, and case studies. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts, and full-text articles for inclusion, with a third reviewer resolving conflicts, before the included articles underwent data extraction and quality appraisal. Data extraction was conducted through COVIDENCE, which was used to manage and track the data during the search process. Results: Out of 694 articles initially identified, 25 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Designs of the studies varied, including randomized control trials, clinical trials, and case/cohort studies. The impact of vitamin supplementation on cancer risk varied. Several studies found that certain B vitamin supplementation lowered cancer risk: B9 and B6 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 1200 patients) and in pancreatic cancer (n = 258 patients); B3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 494,860 patients); B6 in breast cancer (n = 27,853 patients); and B9 in BRCA1-positive breast cancer (n = 400 patients). However, some studies found that certain B vitamin supplementation increased the risk or negative outcomes of cancer: B6 during nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment (n = 592 patients); B6 in risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 494,860 patients); and B9 plasma levels in breast cancer (n = 164 patients). Due to the many adverse effects that occur in cancer treatment, the effectiveness of Vitamin B supplementation in alleviating adverse effects was evaluated. In two separate studies, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 supplementation with acupuncture was found to be effective as adjunct therapies aimed to reduce chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (n = 23 patients and n = 104 patients, respectively). No significant findings were established regarding B vitamin supplementation in chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome. Conclusions: In this systematic review we concluded that B vitamin supplements have varying data regarding safety and efficacy in cancer. Taking into account the etiology of the cancer, the specific B-vitamin, and the presence of any side effects could help guide utilization of the data found in this review. Large, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings among various cancer diagnoses and stages. Given the widespread utilization of supplements, healthcare providers should understand the safety and efficacy of vitamin B supplementation to address questions that arise in caring for those with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exponentially affects the global healthcare burden, and it is currently gaining increasing interest in relation to its potential impact on central nervous system (CNS) diseases, especially concerning cognitive deterioration and dementias. Overall, scientific research nowadays extends to different levels, exploring NAFLD's putative proinflammatory mechanism of such dysmetabolic conditions, spreading out from the liver to a multisystemic involvement. The aim of this review is to analyze the most recent scientific literature on cognitive involvement in NAFLD, as well as understand its underlying potential background processes, i.e., neuroinflammation, the role of microbiota in the brain–liver–gut axis, hyperammonemia neurotoxicity, insulin resistance, free fatty acids, and vitamins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non‐communicable diseases—where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants. We propose that while the absorption of certain micronutrients is hindered during inflammation, the dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated the role of the lymphatic system during protein absorption, following a ketogenic diet and an increased intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, in reducing inflammation and ameliorating disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: After infection with SARS-CoV-2 a relevant proportion of patients complains about persisting symptoms, a condition termed Post-COVID-19-syndrome (PC19S). So far, possible treatments are under investigation. Among others, neurotropic vitamins and anti-inflammatory substances are potential options. Thus, the PreVitaCOV trial aims to assess feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of treating patients in primary care with prednisolone and/or vitamin B1, B6 and B12. Methods: The phase IIIb, multi-centre randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled PreVitaCOV trial has a factorial design and is planned as a two-phase approach. The pilot phase assessed feasibility and safety and was transformed into a confirmatory phase to evaluate effectiveness since feasibility was proven. Adult patients with PC19S after a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection at least 12 weeks ago are randomly assigned to 4 parallel treatments: prednisolone 20 mg for five days followed by 5 mg for 23 days (trial drug 1), B vitamins (B1 (100 mg OD), B6 (50 mg OD), and B12 (500 µg OD)) for 28 days (trial drug 2), trial drugs 1 and 2, or placebo. The primary outcome of the pilot phase was defined as the retention rate of the first 100 patients. Values of ≥ 85% were considered as confirmation of feasibility, this criterion was even surpassed by a retention rate of 98%. After transformation, the confirmatory phase proceeds by enrolling 240 additional patients. The primary outcome for the study is the change of symptom severity from baseline to day 28 as assessed by a tailored Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) total score referring to five symptom domains known to be typical for PC19S (fatigue, dyspnoea, cognition, anxiety, depression). The confirmatory trial is considered positive if superiority of any treatment is demonstrated over placebo operationalised by an improvement of at least 3 points on the PROMIS total score (t-score). Discussion: The PreVitaCOV trial may contribute to the understanding of therapeutic approaches in PC19S in a primary care context. Trial registration: EudraCT: 2022-001041-20. DRKS: DRKS00029617. ClinicalTrials.gov: F001AM02222_1 (registered: 05 Dec 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-stage renal disease is a worldwide health burden, but the pathogenesis of uremia-associated cognitive impairment (CI) is poorly recognized. We hypothesized that uremia brings about deficiency of thiamin and folic acid and causes CI by inducing oxidative stress. Therefore, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a 5/6 nephrectomy group (n=12) and a sham-operated group (n=12). The Morris water maze was used to assess the cognitive function eight weeks post-surgery, and serum levels of thiamin, folic acid and homocysteine were detected subsequently. Brain and kidney tissues were collected for pathological examination and 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunochemistry staining. Results showed that the escape latency on training days 1-2 was longer, and the time in quadrant IV on experimental day 6 was significantly shorter in 5/6 nephrectomy group. Meanwhile, the uremic rats showed decreased thiamin, folic acid and increased homocysteine. We also found the time in quadrant IV was positively correlated with thiamin and folic acid level, while negatively correlated with the blood urea nitrogen and 8-OHdG positive cell proportion. Furthermore, in 5/6 nephrectomy group, the hippocampal neuron count was significantly reduced, and a greater proportion of 8-OHdG positive cells were detected. Pretreating LPS-stimulated rat microglial cells with thiamin or folic acid in vitro alleviated the inflammatory impairment in terms of cell viability and oxidative stress. In summary, we applied a uremic rat model and proved that uremia causes serum thiamin and folic acid deficiency, homocysteine elevation, along with neuron reduction and severe oxidative stress in hippocampus, finally leading to CI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of vitamin B group in human serum is an important index of human health. Among B vitamins, cyanocobalamin in serum is unstable and its content is extremely low. Rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple B vitamins including cyanocobalamin is a challenge. Herein, we have developed a rapid and stable method that can realize the determination of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxic acid, biotin, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate, and cyanocobalamin simultaneously in 6 min. The method was established based on protein precipitation with methanol and then chromatographic separation was achieved using Waters acquity ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography high strength silica T3 column, which was stable and sensitive especially for cyanocobalamin. Limit of quantification, precision, trueness, and matrix effect were validated according to the European Medicines Agency and United States Food and Drug guidelines and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines on bioanalytical method. The limit of quantification for thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxic acid, biotin, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate, and cyanocobalamin was 0.4, 0.4, 0.8, 2.0, 0.4, 0.1, 0.4, and 0.04 ng/mL separately, respectively. Intra‐ and interday precisions were 1.1%–12.4% and 2.0%–13.5%, respectively. The relative errors were between 0.3% and 13.3%, and the matrix effects were between 2.6% and 10.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leukemia is a type of cancer that develops in the bone marrow and blood cells. When the DNA of a cell undergoes one mutation or a series of mutations results in the formation of leukemia cells. These leukemia cells, "blasts," cannot mature into fully functioning WBCs. Leukemia increases WBCs which compete for space with RBCs and platelets that the body requires to function normally; each may be classified as acute or chronic, myeloid or lymphoid, depending on the originating cell and the growth rate. Nearly 2.5% of all new cancer cases and 3.1% of cancer-related deaths were attributable to Leukemia. Leukemia can strike at any age geographical and ethnic differences in leukemia rates are also present. Folate's significance in cancer was exclusively tied to antifolate-based cancer treatment. After discovering Antifolate associated based chemotherapy, contrary to the inhibitory action of antifolate on tumors, epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental data show that folate deficiency in normal tissues may predispose them to neoplastic transformation and that folate supplementation may suppress the development of tumors in normal tissues. Epidemiologic research reveals a negative connection between folate levels and numerous cancers, including Leukemia. The exact association between folate status and certain cancers is unknown. Vitamin B control one-carbon metabolism and human health. Folate-mediated one carbon (1C) metabolism supports a of processes that are essential for the cell. Through a number of interlinked reactions happening in the cytosol and mitochondria of the cell, folate metabolism contributes to de novo purine and thymidylate synthesis, to the methionine cycle and redox defense. Targeting the folate metabolism gave rise to modern chemotherapy. The folate and methionine cycles complete the one-carbon route with vitamin B9 or folate. Vitamin B6 regulates carbon cycling. Vitamin B dysregulation alters biochemical signaling and causes several illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B vitamins are essential for maintaining several body functions. Assessing micronutrient status in a population is crucial for evaluating the individual or the population’s levels of nutrient sufficiency, deficiency, or toxicity; examining the relationship between a nutrient’s status and adverse health outcomes; and determining nutrient needs to establish reference values. There is lack of periodical national surveys in Saudi Arabia that assess the status of the B vitamins. Therefore, this review summarizes and critique the literature of B vitamin status in Saudi adults age of ≥18 years. Databases (PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar) were searched for articles published between January 1980 to December 2022 using combinations of the terms “Saudi Arabia”, “status”, “level” along with all the corresponding vitamin B keywords and metabolites. Forty three studies were obtained. Only 28 studies were included to the current review. Several studies conducted in Saudi adults measured folate and vitamin B12 status. Fewer studies assessed thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine status. No relevant studies were found on the status of niacin, pantothenic acid, and biotin. Studies on thiamin status have not reported rates of deficiency except for one study reporting a prevalence of 3%. Conflicting findings were observed for riboflavin status, but the most recent evidence suggests a prevalence of 36.9% deficiency among Saudi adults. Folate deficiency appears to be low, whereas vitamin B12 might be of concern among Saudi adults. There were discrepancies in the results of some vitamin status in Saudi adults mainly attributed to differences in biomarkers used, methodologies, regional differences, and/or age group/population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction The striped bug, Graphosoma lineatum L. is one of the pests of Apiaceae family such as parsley, carrot, celery and some medicinally important plants. The adults and nymphs of this insect feed on seeds of host plants. The eggs of the striped bug have an important role in mass rearing program of some parasitoids. Nutritional supplements undertake an essential function in mass rearing of insects and increase the efficiency of production. Vitamins such as B group have different functions in physiology of insects. The growth and development of insects hinge on acquiring essential nutrients through food materials. Apart from their primary food source, insects rely on essential amino acids and certain minerals for proper nutrition. These crucial components must be obtained from their food sources. Symptoms of nutritional deficiency, as reported in various research studies, include delayed growth, weight loss, prolonged immature stages, increased mortality, wing deformities, alterations in mating behaviors, and various physiological issues. In this study the effects of some vitamins and amino acids on anatomy of salivary glands, total protein of body, developmental time and fecundity of G. lineatum were evaluated in controlled conditions. Material and Methods Insects reared on parsley seeds adhered on the inner side of big plastic containers in controlled condition. Supplements including vitamins B12, B6, B1 and Serine and Phenylalanine amino acids selected for evaluation. These supplements used for the treatmnet of G. lineatum in four different concentrations dissolved in water. For evaluating the effects of nutritional supplements on anatomy of salivary glands, both glands separate after dissection of adult's thorax, and dimension of glands including width and length of posterior and anterior lobs, measured by micrometer apparatus located on stereomicroscope. Total body protein measured by Kjeldahl apparatus after well drying the total body of insects in oven followed by fine powder of dry materials. Total protein was determined using a standard method, calculated by multiplying the nitrogen amounts by 6.38, a constant value. In distinct experiments, the impact of nutritional supplements on the duration of each nymphal stage was investigated. One-day-old eggs were employed for this purpose. Following treatment justification, the time required for the development of each instar was recorded on a daily basis. All tests were replicated three times, with distilled water used for the control treatment. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA experimental randomized design and Duncan's multiple range test using SAS software used for comparing the means. Results and Discussion The results disclosed a significant impact of all vitamins and amino acids on all studied parameters. Notably, in the case of salivary glands, the posterior lobe exhibited a more pronounced effect in insects fed with B1, B6, and Phenylalanine. Different concentrations of vitamin B6, B1 and Phenylalanine affected total protein content of male and female insect's body. Vitamin B12 had non-significant effect on male and female total body protein. Nutritional supplements changed the rate of laid and hatched eggs in addition with nymph's developmental time. Vitamin B12 in the concentration of 0.005 g/l, B6 in the concentration of 0.25 g/l, B1 in the concentration of 0.5 g/l, Serine and Phenylalanine both in the concentration of 0.5 g/l showed the highest rate of laid and hatched eggs. Vitamin B6 and B1 in the concentration of 1 and 1.5 g/l resulted in prolonging the nymph's life span in comparing with controls. The negative effects of high concentrations of nutritional supplements on fecundity and normal developmental period of nymphs well documented in this study. Metabolism, cell division, hormone synthesis, enzymes activity and many physiological parameters affects by supplements especially vitamins. Any disorder in utilization, absorption and inhibition of their function leads to biological and behavioral problems in insects. In some cases, the function of symbionts for compensation essential supplements documented. Conclusion The results of this study indicate important function of vitamins B12, B6 and B1 on G. lineatum nymphal developmental period. In high concentrations, rate of growth decreased in comparison with controls. Salivary glands anatomy showed some changes in dimensions especially in posterior lobs in dose-depending manner. Number of eggs laid and hatched decreased especially in high concentrations of nutritional supplements. The results of this study will help to justify better meridic diet for rearing striped bug. In semi-artificial diets for rearing this insect, corporation of little concentrations (optimum) will improve the fitness of insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and its high mortality were quickly noticed by the health community. B vitamins are essential micronutrients for the body with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties. The present study can provide a comprehensive picture of the associations between B vitamins and COVID-19 incidence. This study was undertaken on 9189 adult participants of the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMIZ) study aged 20 to 69 years. Data on dietary intakes were obtained using a validated FFQ. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between B vitamins and COVID-19. Our findings indicated that participants in the fourth quartile of vitamin B5 intake compared with the first quartile had a protective effect against COVID-19 (OR: 0·53, 95 % CI 0·28, 0·99, P -trend = 0·02) after adjustment for all possible confounds in model 3. In addition, participants in the third quartile of vitamin B12 intake compared with the first quartile (OR: 0·63, 95 % CI 0·40, 0·98, P -trend = 0·11) had fewer odds of COVID-19 after full adjustments for confounders. Our findings indicated no significant relationship between dietary intake of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B9 and B-complex and COVID-19. A higher intake of vitamin B5 could reduce the odds of COVID-19 by 47 %, and a moderate intake of vitamin B12 had a protective effect on COVID-19. Although our study has promising results, stronger clinical studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The impact of vitamin B metabolic disorders on hemodialysis (HD) patients' survival is unknown. This study is to investigate the association of serum vitamin B1, B3, B5, and B6 with all‐cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in HD patients. Methods: Patients' baseline serum vitamin B1, B3, B5, and B6 levels were collected, and they were followed up for the occurrence of all‐cause and CV death. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used to examine the association of vitamin B with mortality. Results: Seventy‐six HD patients were included. The median follow‐up time was 99 months. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that baseline vitamin B5 < 69.0 nmol/L and vitamin B6 < 8.1 ng/ml were associated with a higher risk of CV mortality, but these associations were nullified after adjustment. Conclusions: Serum vitamins B1, B3, B5, and B6 were not associated with all‐cause or CV mortality in HD patients. Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200057078 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, https://www.chictr.org.cn/). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a common condition that affects 10% population in the United States (US). The relationship between thiamine and riboflavin intake and KSD has not been well-studied. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of KSD and the association between dietary thiamine and riboflavin intake with KSD in the US population. Methods: This large-scale, cross-sectional study included subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. KSD and dietary intake were collected from questionnaires and 24-hour recall interviews. Logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the association. Results: This study included 26,786 adult participants with a mean age of 50.12 ± 17.61 years old. The prevalence of KSD was 9.62%. After adjusting for all potential covariates, we found that higher riboflavin intake was negatively related to KSD compared with dietary intake of riboflavin < 2 mg/day in the fully-adjusted model (OR = 0.541, 95% CI = 0.368 to 0.795, P = 0.002). After stratifying by gender and age, we found that the impact of riboflavin on KSD still existed in all age subgroups (P < 0.05) but only in males (P = 0.001). No such associations were found between dietary intake of thiamine and KSD in any of the subgroups. Conclusions: Our study suggested that a high intake of riboflavin is independently inversely associated with kidney stones, especially in male population. No association was found between dietary intake of thiamine and KSD. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and explore the causal relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Food Journal / Akademik GIDA is the property of Sidas Medya Ajans Tanitim Danismanlik Ltd. Sti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The number of people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is growing as our global population continues to expand. With aging, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease being major harbingers of kidney disease, the number of people diagnosed with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has grown concurrently. Poor clinical outcomes in DKD could be influenced by an array of factors—inadequate glycemic control, obesity, metabolic acidosis, anemia, cellular senescence, infection and inflammation, cognitive impairment, reduced physical exercise threshold, and, importantly, malnutrition contributing to protein-energy wasting, sarcopenia, and frailty. Amongst the various causes of malnutrition in DKD, the metabolic mechanisms of vitamin B (B1 (Thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin/Nicotinamide), B5 (Pantothenic Acid), B6 (Pyridoxine), B8 (Biotin), B9 (Folate), and B12 (Cobalamin)) deficiency and its clinical impact has garnered greater scientific interest over the past decade. There remains extensive debate on the biochemical intricacies of vitamin B metabolic pathways and how their deficiencies may affect the development of CKD, diabetes, and subsequently DKD, and vice-versa. Our article provides a review of updated evidence on the biochemical and physiological properties of the vitamin B sub-forms in normal states, and how vitamin B deficiency and defects in their metabolic pathways may influence CKD/DKD pathophysiology, and in reverse how CKD/DKD progression may affect vitamin B metabolism. We hope our article increases awareness of vitamin B deficiency in DKD and the complex physiological associations that exist between vitamin B deficiency, diabetes, and CKD. Further research efforts are needed going forward to address the knowledge gaps on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of vitamin B complex on post-weaning performance of beef calves. The study was conducted during fall of 2023 at Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center (EOARC; Burns, OR). At weaning (d 0), 63 calves [Angus × Hereford; body weight (BW) = 252 ± 3.6 kg] were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) Control, 2) VitB1, or 3) VitB2. Calves assigned to Control treatment served as a negative control and were not supplemented with vitamin B complex. Calves assigned to treatment VitB1 were supplemented at 1g/calf daily, while calves assigned to VitB2 treatment were supplemented at 2g/calf daily of vitamin B complex during the 42 d of preconditioning. Upon weaning processing, calves were allocated to 21 pens (3 calves/pen) and treatments were allocated to each pen (7 pens/treatment). Vitamin B complex [Vivalto, pantothenic acid (B5 ; 40,000 mg/kg), pyridoxine (B6; 20,000 mg/kg), folic acid (B9; 3,200 mg/kg), biotin (B7 ; 3,200,000 mcg/kg), cobalamin (B12; 320,000 mcg/kg); Selko USA, Indianapolis, IN] supplementation was offered at pen level beginning on d 1 and until the end of the preconditioning phase (d 42). Vitamin B complex was offered to calves assigned to vitamin B complex treatment mixed with 1.3 kg of dried distiller’s grains. Additionally, calves had free access to chopped alfalfa-grass hay mix and whole corn. Pen intake was recorded daily. On d 0, BW and blood samples were collected from all calves. Additional blood and BW were collected on d 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 42 post-weaning. Body weights were used to calculate calf average daily gain (ADG) and blood samples were assayed for acute phase proteins (ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin). Additional blood samples will be analyzed for cortisol and vitamin B concentrations. Variables were analyzed considering pen as the experimental unit and pen(treatment) as a random effect. Blood variables were evaluated as repeated measures and effects of treatment, day, and treatment the interactions were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. No treatment effects (P = 0.98) were observed for final BW (283, 283, and 284 kg respectively for Control, Vit1, and Vit2) or for ADG (P = 0.53; 0.735, 0.795, and 0.747 kg/d respectively for Control, Vit1, and Vit2). Similarly, no treatment effects were observed for the acute phase proteins analyzed, ceruloplasmin (P = 0.66; 27, 30, and 33 µg/ dL respectively for Control, Vit1, and Vit2) and haptoglobin (P = 0.41; 0.55, 0.62, and 0.59 mg/mL, respectively for Control, Vit1, and Vit2). Supplementation of vitamin B complex to beef calves post-weaning does not seem to affect calf performance, regardless of the level of supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamins are a unit of organic chemical substances that are essential for the adequate working of the human body. Water-soluble B vitamins are involved in the regulation of many metabolic and regulatory processes. Due to the inability to synthesize endogenously, they must be supplied to the body with edibles or in the form of supplementation as drugs or dietary supplements. Maintaining the correct level of vitamins is extremely important in the treatment of various diseases. In the presented work, the qualitative and quantitative procedure of the assay of vitamins B1, B2, B5, B6 and B12 in pharmaceutical products by chromatographic technique coupled with densitometric detection was developed, optimized and validated. During the optimization process, TLC Silica gel 60 F254 plates were chosen as a suitable stationary, and the mixture consisted of chloroform: ethanol: water: glacial acetic acid (2:8:2:0.5 v/v/v/v) as a mobile phase. Densitometric detection was conducted at a maximum absorbance λ = 254 nm for vitamins B1, B2, B6 and B12 and λ = 550 nm for vitamin B5 (after dyeing with ninhydrin). In the next step, the developed procedure was validated in accordance with the ICH guidelines. The recorded correlation coefficients obtained in all tested concentrations of B vitamins, ranging from 0.9947 to 0.9996, confirmed good linearity. The method is characterized by good precision, RSD data ranging from 0.62 to 1.52% for direct precision and from 0.84 to 1.4% for intermediate precision. Accuracy was proven by a recovery test at three concentration levels, with values close to 100% with RSD less than 1%. The calculated LOD and LOQ data for all tested vitamins B1, B2, B5, B6 and B12 were belove 1 μg/spot. The developed method was then used to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the content of B vitamins in medicinal products and dietary supplements with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Levodopa (L-dopa) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibition are widely used therapeutics in Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite their therapeutic effects, it was raised that nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism can be deteriorated by PD therapies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of L-dopa and COMT inhibitors on levels of homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12 and folate in patients with PD. A total of 35 case-control studies from 14 different countries were selected through PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar and were meta-analyzed. In the L-dopa group, the Hcy level was higher compared to the PD without L-dopa group (SMD: 5.11 μmol/L, 95% CI: 3.56 to 6.66). Moreover, vitamin B12 and folate levels in the L-dopa group were lower compared to the healthy control (SMD: −62.67 pg/mL, 95% CI: −86.53 to −38.81; SMD: −0.89 ng/mL, 95% CI: −1.44 to −0.33, respectively). The COMT inhibitor group showed lower levels of Hcy (SMD: −3.78 μmol/L, 95% CI: −5.27 to −2.29) and vitamin B12 (SMD: −51.01 pg/mL, 95% CI: −91.45 to −10.57), but higher folate levels (SMD: 1.78 ng/mL, 95% CI: −0.59 to 4.15) compared to the L-dopa group. COMT inhibitors may ameliorate L-dopa-induced hyper-homocysteine and folate deficiency but exacerbate vitamin B12 deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofortification is one of the most successful approaches to enhance the level of micronutrients in wheat. In the present study, wheats with zinc biofortification (foliar fertilization and breeding strategies) were milled into five components (whole flour, break flour, reduction flour, fine bran, and coarse bran) and their mineral content and nutritional components were evaluated. The results revealed that biofortification greatly increased the Zn concentration (by 30.58%–30.86%) and soluble Zn content (by 28.57%–42.86%) of whole flour after digestion. This improvement is mainly in break flour, reduction flour, and fine bran. Meanwhile, the contents of macronutrients including ash, lipids, and proteins and micronutrients containing iron, calcium, and vitamins (B1, B6, and B9) increased after biofortification. In addition, there was a decline in the concentrations of vitamins B2 and B5. Although dietary fibers and starch are the major carbohydrates, total dietary fiber exhibited a declining trend in coarse bran, and starch exhibited a rising trend in break and reduction flour. There was a decrease in the molar ratio of phytates: zinc did not promote a significant improvement in zinc bioaccessibility. These results can be useful for generating wheat varieties rich in micronutrients as well as having better nutritional traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Pathophysiologically, it is characterized by intracytoplasmic aggregates of α-synuclein protein in the Lewy body and loss of dopaminergic neurons from substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum regions of the brain. Although the exact mechanism of neurodegeneration is not fully elucidated, it has been reported that environmental toxins such as MPTP, rotenone, paraquat, and MPP+ induce oxidative stress, which is one of the causative factors for it. To date, there is no complete cure. However, the indispensable role of oxidative stress in mediating PD indicates that antioxidant therapy could be a possible therapeutic strategy against the disease. The deficiency of vitamins has been extensively co-related to PD. Dietary supplementation of vitamins with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and free radical scavenging properties could be the potential neuroprotective therapeutic strategy. This review summarizes the studies that evaluated the role of vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, and K) in PD. It will guide future studies in understanding the potential therapeutic role of vitamins in disease pathophysiology and may provide a framework for designing treatment strategies against the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pt (II) derivatives show anti-cancer activity by interacting with nucleobases of DNA, thus causing some spontaneous and non-spontaneous reactions. As a result, mono- and diaqua products are formed which further undergo complexation with guanine or adenine. Consequently, many processes are triggered, which lead to the death of the cancer cell. The theoretical and experimental studies confirm that such types of interactions can also occur with other chemical compounds. The vitamins from B group have a similar structure to the nucleobases of DNA and have aromatic rings with single-pair orbitals. Theoretical and experimental studies were performed to describe the interactions of B vitamins with Pt (II) derivatives such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin. The obtained results were compared with the values for guanine. Two levels of simulations were implemented at the theoretical level, namely, B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) with LANL2DZ bases set for platinum atoms and MN15/def2-TZVP. The polarizable continuum model (IEF–PCM preparation) and water as a solvent were used. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to describe the drug–nucleobase and drug–B vitamin interactions. Values of the free energy (ΔGr) show spontaneous reactions with mono- and diaqua derivatives of cisplatin and oxaliplatin; however, interactions with diaqua derivatives are more preferable. The strength of these interactions was also compared. Carboplatin products have the weakest interaction with the studied structures. The presence of non-covalent interactions was demonstrated in the tested complexes. A good agreement between theory and experiment was also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial tick feeding systems (ATFS) can be used to study tick biology and tick-pathogen interactions. Due to the long feeding duration of hard ticks, antibiotics are commonly added to the in vitro blood meal to prevent the blood from decaying. This may affect the ticks’ microbiome, including mutualistic bacteria that play an important role in tick biology. This effect was examined by the consecutive feeding of Ixodes ricinus larvae, nymphs, and adults in vitro with and without the supplementation of gentamicin and in parallel on calves. DNA extracted from unfed females was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The abundance of Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii, Rickettsia helvetica and Spiroplasma spp. was measured by qPCR in unfed larvae, nymphs, and adults. Larvae and nymphs fed on calves performed significantly better compared to both in vitro groups. Adults fed on blood supplemented with gentamicin and B vitamins had a higher detachment proportion and weight compared to the group fed with B vitamins but without gentamicin. The detachment proportion and weights of females did not differ significantly between ticks fed on calves and in vitro with gentamicin, but the fecundity was significantly higher in ticks fed on calves. 16S rRNA sequencing showed a higher microbiome species richness in ticks fed on calves compared to ticks fed in vitro. A shift in microbiome composition, with Ca. Midichloria mitochondrii as dominant species in females fed as juveniles on calves and R. helvetica as the most abundant species in females previously fed in vitro was observed. Females fed in vitro without gentamicin showed significant lower loads of Ca. M. mitochondrii compared to females fed in vitro with gentamicin and ticks fed on calves. Spiroplasma spp. were exclusively detected in female ticks fed on cattle by qPCR, but 16S rRNA sequencing results also showed a low abundance in in vitro females exposed to gentamicin. In conclusion, the employed feeding method and gentamicin supplementation affected the ticks’ microbiome composition and fecundity. Since these changes may have an impact on tick biology and vector competence, they should be taken into account in studies employing ATFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is the most cultivated mushroom which its growth performance and nutritional composition depend on substrate types. Thus, this study investigated the effect of coconut coir on minerals and vitamins B contents in the oyster mushroom cultivation medium. The composition of coconut coir and Sengon's sawdust as growth medium were variated at ratios of 4:0 (F1), 3:1 (F2), 2:2 (F3), 1:3 (F4), 0:4 (F5) (w/w). Furthermore, the mineral and vitamin B contents of the harvested oyster mushrooms were analyzed by ICPMS and LCMS, respectively. The highest minerals contents of potassium 26,909 mg/kg, 1,136 mg/kg of phosphorus, 313 mg/kg of magnesium, 4,346 mg/kg of calcium, 15.4 mg/kg for zinc, 2.07 mg/kg of copper, 0.623 mg/kg of Selenium were identified at F1, whereas the highest manganese was at F2 (15.3 mg/kg). Potassium was the highest mineral content in oyster mushrooms in all growth media, and low toxic minerals content of cadmium was detected between 0.015-0.058 mg/kg in all variant substrates. Lead (0.525 mg/kg) and mercury (0.012 mg/kg) was only detected at F1, while arsenic was detected at F4 (0.002 mg/kg) and F5 (0.029 mg/kg). LCMS analysis showed that vitamin B1 (Thiamine), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine) and B12 (cyanocobalamin) were detected in all growth media, while vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) was only detected at F5. These results indicated that the P. ostreatus cultivation on coconut coir become valuable nutritional resources to alleviate malnutrition and help dispose of coconut coir in an environment-friendly manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the lack of effective and safe antivirals against it, we adopted a new approach in which food supplements with vital antiviral characteristics, low toxicity, and fast excretion have been targeted. The structures and chemical properties of the food supplements were compared to the promising antivirals against SARS-COV-2. Our goal was to exploit the food supplements to mimic the topical antivirals' functions but circumventing their severe side effects, which has limited the necessary dosage needed to exhibit the desired antiviral activity. On this line, after a comparative structural analysis of the chemicals mentioned above, and investigation of their potential mechanisms of action, we selected caffeine and some compounds of the vitamin B family and further applied molecular modeling techniques to evaluate their interactions with the RDB domain of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (SC2Spike) and its corresponding binding site on human ACE-2 (HssACE2). Our results pointed to vitamins B1 and B6 in the neutral form as potential binders to the HssACE2 RDB binding pocket that might be able to impair the SARS-CoV-2 mechanism of cell invasion, qualifying as potential leads for experimental investigation against COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I. ricinus is an obligate hematophagous parasitic arthropod that is responsible for the transmission of a wide range of zoonotic pathogens including spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, Rickettsia spp., C. burnetii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Francisella tularensis, which are part the tick´s microbiome. Most of the studies focus on “pathogens” and only very few elucidate the role of “non-pathogenic” symbiotic microorganisms in I. ricinus. While most of the members of the microbiome are leading an intracellular lifestyle, they are able to complement tick´s nutrition and stress response having a great impact on tick´s survival and transmission of pathogens. The composition of the tick´s microbiome is not consistent and can be tied to the environment, tick species, developmental stage, or specific organ or tissue. Ovarian tissue harbors a stable microbiome consisting mainly but not exclusively of endosymbiotic bacteria, while the microbiome of the digestive system is rather unstable, and together with salivary glands, is mostly comprised of pathogens. The most prevalent endosymbionts found in ticks are Rickettsia spp., Ricketsiella spp., Coxiella-like and Francisella-like endosymbionts, Spiroplasma spp. and Candidatus Midichloria spp. Since microorganisms can modify ticks’ behavior, such as mobility, feeding or saliva production, which results in increased survival rates, we aimed to elucidate the potential, tight relationship, and interaction between bacteria of the I. ricinus microbiome. Here we show that endosymbionts including Coxiella-like spp., can provide I. ricinus with different types of vitamin B (B2, B6, B7, B9) essential for eukaryotic organisms. Furthermore, we hypothesize that survival of Wolbachia spp., or the bacterial pathogen A. phagocytophilum can be supported by the tick itself since coinfection with symbiotic Spiroplasma ixodetis provides I. ricinus with complete metabolic pathway of folate biosynthesis necessary for DNA synthesis and cell division. Manipulation of tick´s endosymbiotic microbiome could present a perspective way of I. ricinus control and regulation of spread of emerging bacterial pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production efficiency of a cell substrate directly affects the yield of target products such as viruses, while its density is mainly regulated by the type of culture medium and culture conditions. In this study, Vero cells were used as model cells for systematic medium screening, and a high-efficiency medium for biological drug production was identified. Through the results of cell proliferation by a cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay, 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine(EdU) assay, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, we found that adding an appropriate amount of vitamin B to the conventional basic medium can significantly improve and maintain the high-density growth of Vero cells. In addition, the molecular mechanism of the high-density culture of Vero cells promoted by B vitamins is explained for the first time by using the systems multi-omics analysis methods. Here, we determined that B vitamins regulate cell proliferation through the synthesis and metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids, affecting the productivity of cell substrate in industrial production. This study provides an important tool for the screening of key components of cell-based high-efficiency medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We, therefore, hypothesize that combining supplementation of kMCT, vitamins B SB 12 sb , B SB 6 sb and folic acid with AE could have a synergetic effect and help delay neurological degeneration in patients with MCI. Keywords: aerobic exercise; hyperhomocysteinemia; ketone medium-chain triglyceride; mild cognitive impairment; vitamin B EN aerobic exercise hyperhomocysteinemia ketone medium-chain triglyceride mild cognitive impairment vitamin B 1 6 6 08/19/22 20220901 NES 220901 Key Messages Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a decline in cognition and is associated with a higher risk of progression to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). 7 Olaso-Gonzalez G, Inzitari M, Bellelli G, Morandi A, Barcons N, Viña J. Impact of supplementation with vitamins B(6), B(12), and/or folic acid on the reduction of homocysteine levels in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. [Extracted from the article]

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder of variable severity, characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior. In 2018, the incidence of ASD was 2.4 times higher than estimated in 2000. Behavior and brain development abnormalities are present in the complex disorder of ASD. Nutritional status plays a key role in the incidence and severity of the core symptoms of ASD. The aim of this study was to review the available peer-reviewed studies that evaluated the relationship between amino acids, choline, B vitamins, and ASD incidence and/or severity of symptoms. Through examining plasma profiles, urine samples, and dietary intake, researchers found that low choline, abnormal amino acid, and low B vitamin levels were present in children with ASD compared to those without ASD. The evidence supports the need for future research that implements simultaneous supplementation of all essential nutrients in individuals with ASD and among prenatal mothers. Future evidence could lead to scientific breakthroughs, ultimately reducing the rates of ASD incidence and severity of symptoms by applying nutritional interventions in at-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vitamin B6 paradox: supplementation with high concentrations of pyridoxine leads to decreased vitamin B6 function. Keywords: Electrophysiology; Nervous system; Food fortification; Primary care; Vitamins; Vitamin B EN Electrophysiology Nervous system Food fortification Primary care Vitamins Vitamin B 304 306 3 04/18/23 20230415 NES 230415 Clinical record A 40-year-old man was referred to the neuromuscular clinic with generalised fasciculations, raising the concerns for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).[1] Previously, he was a physically fit gym enthusiast without intercurrent medical problems. Electromyographic characteristics of fasciculations may aid in distinguishing benign fasciculation syndromes from ALS.[1] However, there remains a potential overlap between ALS and benign fasciculation syndromes. [Extracted from the article]

Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease associated with low bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, thus increasing the risk for potential fractures. There is emerging evidence supporting the role of vitamin B in bone health and the prevention of fractures. In this review we evaluated both observational studies and studies assessing the genetic association of the group of B vitamins with the risk for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. We retrieved 25 relevant studies and according to the results, future research is necessary to determine if dietary intake and supplementation of vitamin b may have a potential influence on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE PRESENT study is aimed at investigating the drought stress responses of two Egyptian rice varieties (Sakha 104 and Giza 178) after grain soaking in cobalt nutrient solution at the optimum concentration before sowing in soil and gaining physiological insights into drought tolerance in rice plants. The drought stress was applied according to different irrigation intervals (control; irrigation every 4 days, moderate; irrigation every 6 days; and severe; irrigation every 8 days). The results showed variable reductions in the tiller number/plant, tiller barring panicles/plant, panicle length/plant, panicle weight/plant, 100-grains weight, and harvest index in both varieties under drought stress. Also, drought stress significantly reduced the nutritional value of the grains such as sucrose, soluble sugars, polysaccharides, total carbohydrates, total protein, vitamins (B9 and B12), as well as element content (Ca2+, Na+, Fe2+). Meanwhile, there was a notable increase in the grain contents of glucose, K+, K/Na ratio, and Co2+ of both rice varieties under drought conditions. Cobalt application significantly alleviated the detrimental effects of drought stress by improving the above-mentioned parameters comparably in both rice varieties, particularly in Giza 178. The results of sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of drought stress either alone or in combination with cobalt nutrition showed de novo synthesis of protein pattern bands in the grains with the molecular weights of 33, 91, and 110kDa in the Sakha 104 variety and 42, 53, 57, 60, 71, 91, and 97 kDa in the Giza 178 variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication. Objective To re-evaluate the role of vitamin B supplementation on reducing the signs and symptoms of DPN. Data Sources Electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Medline. Data Extraction An Excel spreadsheet was used to report the extracted relevant data. Data Analysis Fourteen randomized controlled trials were selected, comprising a pooled sample of 997 study subjects. The pooled odds ratio values were 3.1 (95%CI, 1.197–8.089) and 3.04 (95%CI, 1.556–5.937) for pain and dysesthesia outcomes, respectively. For the amplitude change in electromyography of the sensory sural nerve, the weighted difference from 2 studies was 0.37 (95%CI, 0.034–0.709) in favor of intervention. Peak latency changes were in favor of the intervention group. Two studies yielded a weighted difference of 0.571 (95%CI, 0.310–0.831) for the velocity outcome in favor of intervention. Unlike the fibular nerve, the electromyographic motor outcomes of the tibial nerve were in favor of vitamin B supplementation. Conclusion Vitamin B supplementation could improve many symptoms and signs of DPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Increased oxidative stress and defective mitochondrial functioning are shared features among many brain disorders. The aim of this study was to verify retrospectively the clinical efficacy and safety of a metabolic support therapy with Q10 ubiquinol, vitamin E and complex-B vitamins in various neurodevelopmental disorders. This retrospective chart review study included 59 patients (mean age 10.1 ± 1.2 y.o., range 2.5–39 years; M:F = 2.47:1), diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (n = 17), Autism Spectrum Disorder with co-morbid Intellectual Disability (n = 19), Intellectual Disability or Global Developmental Delay (n = 15), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (n = 3) and Intellectual Disability in Phelan-McDermid syndrome due to chr. 22q13.33 deletion (n = 5). After a minimum of 3 months of therapy, a positive outcome was recorded in 45/59 (76.27%) patients, with Clinical Global Impression—Improvement scores ranging between 1 ("very much improved") and 3 ("minimally improved"). The most widespread improvements were recorded in cognition (n = 26, 44.1%), adaptative functioning (n = 26, 44.1%) and social motivation (n = 19, 32.2%). Improvement rates differed by diagnosis, being observed most consistently in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (5/5, 100%), followed by Intellectual Disability/Global Developmental Delay (13/15, 86.7%), Autism Spectrum Disorder with co-morbid Intellectual Disability (15/19, 78.9%), Autism Spectrum Disorder (11/17, 64.7%) and ADHD (1/3, 33.3%). No significant adverse event or side effect leading to treatment discontinuation were recorded. Mild side effects were reported in 18 (30.5%) patients, with the most frequent being increased hyperactivity (9/59, 15.3%). This retrospective chart review suggests that metabolic support therapy with Q10 ubiquinol, vitamin E and complex-B vitamins is well tolerated and produces some improvement in the majority of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in the presence of intellectual disability. Randomized controlled trials for each single neurodevelopmental disorder are now warranted to conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of these mitochondrial bioenergetic and antioxidant agents and to estimate their therapeutic effect size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypharmacy regimens may increase the susceptibility of older adults to micronutrient inadequacy and deficiency via impairment of nutritional status. We hypothesized that a multi-vitamin-mineral supplement (MVMS) could improve nutritional status in older adults prescribed diuretics, metformin, and/or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel clinical trial in which eligible subjects were instructed to consume either a MVMS or placebo for 16 wk. Fasting blood was collected at baseline, 8, and 16 wk and the status of selected vitamins and minerals determined. Thirty-five and 19 men and women aged 45–75 yrs in the in MVMS and placebo arms, respectively, completed the trial. The mean total number of medications among the three drug classes taken by participants did not differ between two groups. The status of vitamins B1, B12, C and folate and calcium, copper, magnesium and zinc at baseline were within normal ranges. The MVMS group had a greater change in nutrient status after 16 wk compared to the placebo group for serum folate (7.5 vs. –1.6 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), vitamin B12 (159.2 vs. –33.9 pg/mL, p = 0.007), and plasma vitamin C (0.2 vs. 0.0 mg/dL, p = 0.004). Other measured vitamins and minerals were not significantly changed during the intervention. In conclusion, the status of vitamins B12, C and folate improved with MVMS but remained within normal ranges in older adults taking diuretics, metformin, and/or PPIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic beers are becoming increasingly popular, in part due to consumers' awareness of a healthier lifestyle. Additionally, consumers are demanding diversification in the product range, which can be offered by producing nonalcoholic beers using non- Saccharomyces yeasts for fermentation to create a wide variety of flavors. So far, little is known about the nutritionally relevant byproducts that these yeasts release during wort fermentation and whether these yeasts can be considered safe for food fermentations. To gain insights into this, the B vitamins of four different nonalcoholic beers fermented with the yeast species Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Cyberlindnera saturnus (two strains), and Kluyveromyces marxianus were analyzed. Furthermore, a total of 16 beers fermented with different non- Saccharomyces yeast strains were analyzed for biogenic amines. Additionally, stress tolerance tests were performed at 37°C and in synthetic human gastric juice in vitro. B vitamins were found in the four nonalcoholic beers in nutritionally relevant amounts so they could serve as a supplement for a balanced diet. Biogenic amines remained below the limit of determination in all 16 beers, and thus likely had no influence, while the stress tolerance tests gave a first indication that seven yeast strains could possibly tolerate the human gastric juice milieu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]