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Unresectable stage III NSCLC is now treated with chemoradiation (CRT) followed by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Pneumonitis, a common CRT complication, has heightened risk with ICI, potentially causing severe outcomes. Currently, there are no biomarkers to predict pneumonitis risk or differentiate between radiation-induced pneumonitis (RTP) and ICI-induced pneumonitis (IIP). This study analyzed 293 patients from two institutions, with 140 experiencing pneumonitis (RTP: 84, IIP: 56). Two models were developed: M1 predicted pneumonitis risk using seven radiomic features, achieving high accuracy across internal and external datasets (AUCs: 0.76 and 0.85). M2 differentiated RTP from IIP, with strong performance (AUCs: 0.86 and 0.81). Gene set enrichment analysis linked high pneumonitis risk to pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction and T-cell signaling, while high IIP risk correlated with MAPK and JAK–STAT pathways. Radiomic models show promise in early pneumonitis risk stratification and distinguishing pneumonitis types, potentially guiding personalized NSCLC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: : Heart failure (HF) is a multifaceted syndrome influenced by genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and comorbid factors. Understanding these diverse aspects is crucial for effective management and treatment. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the multifactorial aspects of HF, providing insights for comprehensive care strategies. Methods: This review involved a thorough literature search across databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, focusing on studies published up to January 2024. It included research examining the role of genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and comorbid conditions in HF. Studies were evaluated for quality by using standardized assessment tools, and a meta-analysis was conducted where applicable. Results: The review included 30 studies, covering diverse research designs and sample sizes. Key findings included the identification of genetic loci associated with HF, the impact of hypertension and lifestyle factors on HF progression, and the interplay of comorbid conditions such as diabetes in HF management. The studies collectively emphasized the complexity of HF, highlighting its multifactorial nature. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review underscore the multifaceted nature of HF and the need for a comprehensive approach in its management. It points toward the importance of personalized medicine in HF, considering the interplay of various factors. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies with diverse populations to further understand the mechanisms underlying HF and develop targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prediabetes, characterized by mildly elevated blood sugar levels, significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The condition is linked to higher levels of IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-6, indicating inflammation that may drive type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Despite the known role of inflammation in glucose homeostasis, the involvement of the Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 4 (NFATC4) gene in prediabetes remains underexplored. This case-control study aims to investigate the association between physiological, demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle factors, inflammatory markers and NFATC4 gene expression, in the context of prediabetes. Methods: The study involved 300 participants aged 20 to 50, with 150 diagnosed with prediabetes and 150 healthy controls. After obtaining informed consent fasting venous blood samples were collected for comprehensive assessments, including biochemical, endocrinological and immunological analyses. Specifically, NFATC4 gene expression and inflammatory markers were measured. Results: The findings revealed significantly elevated levels of IL-18, TNF-α, IL-6, and NFATC4 expression in prediabetic individuals compared to controls. Notably, strong positive correlations were observed between NFATC4 expression and the inflammatory markers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified IL-18 and NFATC4 as the most promising biomarkers for predicting prediabetes, followed by TNF-α and IL-6. Multivariate regression analysis further identified socioeconomic status (SES), IL-18, NFATC4, TSH, triglycerides, and HDL as independent predictors of prediabetes. Conclusion: These results highlight the key role of inflammation and NFATC4 in prediabetes, stressing the need for strategies to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infections remain a significant threat to human health, with the rise of super-bacteria—resistant to antibiotics due to their overuse—further complicating treatment efforts. This emergence of drug-resistant bacteria underscores the urgent need for new antimicrobial therapies. Photothermal therapy (PTT), initially successful in cancer treatment, has shown promising results in combating these resistant bacterial infections. PTT stands out as a non-invasive method with several advantages: it has broad-spectrum antimicrobial capabilities, requires a short treatment duration, and minimizes systemic effects. The effectiveness of PTT against infections is heavily influenced by the properties of the laser used and the selection of photothermal agents (PTAs). The emergence of microbial resistance, compromising the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments, has spurred considerable interest in exploring alternative antimicrobial therapies. In alignment with this objective, we present findings on the utilization of chitosan-based SrFe2O4 nanoparticles. The photothermal nanocomposite rapidly captures and effectively eliminates both Gram-positive Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) and Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. In this study, the prepared photothermal antibacterial agents successfully eradicate 100% of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria within 5 min of exposure to NIR radiation. This research employs a modified combustion procedure to synthesize nanoscale SrFe2O4, which is then combined with the biopolymer chitosan in varying ratios. Structural integrity assessment involves X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses, alongside TEM and SEM EDAX examinations. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy reveals an absorption band in both the visible and near-infrared regions. The material undergoes comprehensive photothermal analysis, with experiments conducted using three different concentrations of pure and doped samples under solar irradiation. The time-temperature graph identifies the highest saturation temperature for 80% chitosan-doped SrFe2O4 at a 1 M concentration, measuring 69.2 °C. With a maximum efficiency of 86.3%, the sample displays promising potential for photothermal applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite higher income and education, there are profound health disparities among Asian Americans. These disparities are highlighted in particular by screening behaviors for cancer. Between 1998 and 2008, cancer rates increased threefold among Indian Americans, raising concern that cancer screening in this group may be especially low. To better understand cancer screening behavior, we collected data from a total of 157 self-identifying Indian Americans residing in the greater Philadelphia area. Nearly all participants reported having health insurance (98.7%), and most had received a physical exam within a year (87.3%). Only17.4% of the participants were referred for mammography, while 30% of participants over age 30 were referred for ovarian cancer screening. Just 4 participants were recommended for pancreatic cancer screening. The findings contribute new information to the understanding of health needs of Indian Americans residing in the greater Philadelphia region and reveal a need for greater focus on preventive care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = (V , E) be a nontrivial connected simple graph and d (a , b) be the distance between the vertices a and b in G. The metric dimension of a graph G , denoted by dim(G), refers to the smallest set of vertices required to uniquely identify every vertex in the graph G. A family of simple connected graphs say F s , where s ∈ ℕ has a constant metric dimension, if dim ( F s ) is finite and does not depend on the choice of s in F s . In this paper, we consider two infinite families of planar graphs, say Q s , where s ≥ 8 and Z s , where s ≥ 6 , and investigate their metric basis as well as the metric dimension. Additionally, we prove that the metric basis for these two graphs are independent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To document vascular changes in eyes with post-fever retinitis (PFR) pre and post treatment demonstrated using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: This is a retrospective observational case series wherein patients with PFR were retrospectively evaluated for changes in the retinal vasculature during the course of disease using OCTA. Results: At presentation, OCTA revealed flow void areas in superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) corresponding to the areas of retinitis. Post treatment, OCTA showed a significant decrease in the flow void areas with the appearance of new capillary network in both SCP and DCP. The optical coherence tomography also demonstrated normalization of retinal architecture over time. It is speculated that the good visual outcome in PFR could be attributed to the normalization of retinal architecture and remodelling in retinal vasculature. Conclusion: OCTA being non-invasive can be used to understand and quantify the extent of vascular remodelling in PFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Serpiginous-like choroiditis (SLC) denotes ocular tuberculosis (TB), in the presence of positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Methods: Retrospective review of SLC patients from a TB-endemic country, with negative TST and IGRA tests, but responsive to anti-TB therapy. Results: Fifteen patients (13 bilateral) with active SLC were included. Eleven (73.3%) patients had received corticosteroids ± immunosuppressive therapy prior to presentation. Chest radiographic abnormalities were found in four (26.7%) patients. We treated all patients with a combination of anti-TB therapy (ATT) and corticosteroids. Paradoxical worsening was noted in nine (60%) patients, complete resolution of lesions in 12 (80%), persistent inflammation (post-ATT) in one, while two were yet to complete ATT. None had recurrence after complete resolution of lesions (median follow-up of 71 weeks [range 15–676 weeks]). Conclusions: TB-SLC may present with negative TST and IGRA tests but may still have clinical appearance, and treatment response, like test-positive disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to comprehensively analyze a multiple-marker panel consisting of 55 morphofunctional and biochemical markers in 123 patients diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The goal of this study was to identify novel pathogenetic landmarks and diagnostic predictors associated with NSTEMI. Methods: The study includes 123 patients diagnosed with NSTEMI based on ESC Guidelines criteria. Clinical characteristics, morphofunctional markers, and serum levels of 53 biochemical markers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, cellular injury, hemostasis, and myocardial remodeling were assessed. A control group of 47 healthy individuals was included for comparison. Results: NSTEMI patients exhibited an activated inflammatory status, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Notable increases in inflammation markers, alterations in adipokines, and changes in oxidative stress markers were observed. Endothelial dysfunction markers indicated vascular remodeling and dysfunction. Cellular injury markers, including cMyBP-C, suggested myocardial necrotic injury. Hemostasis markers showed impaired anticoagulant systems, and ECM remodeling markers indicated increased matrix metalloproteinases. Conclusion: The multiple-marker panel provides insights into novel pathogenetic entities associated with NSTEMI. Markers such as MPO, MMP-8, E-selectin, PhA2, Ang 2, FE, MF, and cMyBP-C demonstrate potential diagnostic and prognostic value. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of NSTEMI pathogenesis and offers potential targets for therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global transportation sector is rapidly shifting towards electrification, aiming to create more sustainable environments. As a result, there is a significant focus on optimizing performance and increasing the lifespan of batteries in electric vehicles (EVs). To achieve this, the battery pack must operate with constant current charging and discharging modes of operation. Further, in an EV powertrain, maintaining a constant DC link voltage at the input stage of the inverter is crucial for driving the motor load. To satisfy these two conditions simultaneously during the energy transfer, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consisting of a lithium–ion battery and a supercapacitor (SC) connected to the semi-active topology of the bidirectional DC–DC converter (SAT-BDC) in this research work. However, generating the duty cycle for the switches to regulate the operation of SAT-BDC is complex due to the simultaneous interaction of the two mentioned constraints: regulating the DC link voltage by tracking the reference and maintaining the battery current at a constant value. Therefore, this research aims to efficiently resolve the issue by incorporating a highly flexible nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) to control the switches of SAT-BDC. Furthermore, the converter system design is tested for operational performance using MATLAB 2022B with the battery current and the DC link voltage with different priorities. In the NMPC approach, these constraints are carefully evaluated with varying prioritizations, representing a crucial trade-off in optimizing EV powertrain operation. The results demonstrate that battery current prioritization yields better performance than DC link voltage prioritization, extending the lifespan and efficiency of batteries. Thus, this research work further aligns with the conceptual realization of the sustainability goals by minimizing the environmental impact associated with battery production and disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Organophosphorus compounds are frequently used insecticides in agriculture. suicidal ingestion of Organophosphorus Compound has been common because it is easily accessible and widely used. Morbidity and mortality from acute Organophosphorus poisoning are attributed to respiratory failure which can be detected early by ABG. The aim of our study was to assess the Arterial blood gas analysis as a prognostic prediction tool in Organophosphorus compounds poisoning patients. Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, prospective, observational study, conducted in patients of age of more than 18 years, Consumption of OPC as per patient or attenders’ history or as an evidence compound, Clinical features suggestive of OP poisoning. Results: Out of 102 patients, 27.5% had normal ABG, 22.6% had Metabolic acidosis, 18.6% had Respiratory acidosis, 28.4% had Respiratory alkalosis and 2.9% had Metabolic alkalosis. Out of 29 patients who did not require ventilatory support, 86% had normal ABG. Those who required ventilator, 37% had Respiratory alkalosis, 31.5% had Metabolic acidosis and 24.7% had Respiratory acidosis. Mean Duration of ventilator support in days was highest in Metabolic acidosis (6.3) group followed by Respiratory acidosis (4.3) and Respiratory alkalosis (4.3) and least in those with normal ABG findings (1). The difference in duration of ventilator support across the groups was statistically significant. Duration of ICU admission in days was highest in Metabolic acidosis (10.8) followed by Respiratory acidosis (8.6) and Respiratory alkalosis (8) patients. The difference in ICU stay across the groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of initial Arterial blood gas estimation performed on patients presenting with OP poisoning as an effective tool in the quick assessment of prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deaths from liver cancer are on the rise and disproportionately affect minority racial/ethnic groups. In this study, we examined associations between physicians' recommendations for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among minority populations in the areas of Greater Philadelphia and New York City. Using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation, we evaluated potential associations for 576 Hispanic American (HA), African American (AA), and Asian Pacific American (APA) adults, using blood tests as an outcome measure, with adjustment for sociodemographic factors We found that APAs (34.2%) were most likely to have a physician recommend HBV and HCV screening tests (34.2% and 27.1%, respectively), while HAs were least likely to receive an HBV recommendation (15.0%) and AAs were least likely to receive an HCV recommendation (15.3%). HAs were significantly likely to have never received a blood test for either HBV or HCV (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.49). APAs were significantly more likely to receive a screening recommendation for HBV (RR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.20) and to have a blood test (RR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.33). Our findings show that, among HAs, AAs, and APAs, physician recommendations are strongly associated with patients undergoing blood tests for HBV and HCV and that minority populations should increasingly be recommended to screen for HBV and HCV, especially given their elevated risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Search of new antibacterial, antifungal agents with improved potency, herein we report the synthesis of a series of new substituted 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-((1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives (6a‐q), starting from acetophenone. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by using the agar well diffusion method. Among fifteen synthesized compounds, four chromone derivatives i.e. (6a-b), (6h), and (6i) have shown proficient antimicrobial activities. Compound (6a) showed powerful inhibitory activity against all bacterial pathogens but it was not that effective against fungal pathogens on the other hand compound (6b) showed satisfactory activity against fungal pathogens as well. The activity of compounds (6h) and (6i) against S. aureus was remarkable. Other compounds were found active against a few pathogens but activity was good. The compound (6b) was found very effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus ATCC 6538 at a low concentration with MIC 190 µg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to look at the clinical spectrum, treatment options, and visual outcomes in a large cohort of pediatric uveitis from a tertiary eye care center in South India. Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at a tertiary eye center in South India. Cases of pediatric uveitis between January 2012 and June 2022 were retrieved from the hospital's medical database. Uveitis was classified according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature criteria. Demographic details, clinical presentation, complications, medical and surgical management, and visual outcome were evaluated. Results: Two hundred and six eyes of 132 cases were included, with a median age of 12 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1. Bilaterality was seen in 63.1% of cases. The mean duration of uveitis was 11.5 ± 18.5 months, and the mean follow-up period was 20.5 ± 25.1 months. Noninfectious uveitis was seen in 70.45% cases. Most common etiology in the noninfectious group was idiopathic (27.3%), while in the infectious group, it was tuberculosis (TB; 14.4%). Immunomodulators were used in 43.9% and biologics in 10.9% of cases. Most common complications were cataract (25.24%) and posterior synechiae (21.35%). Surgical procedures were done in 12.62%. The mean visual acuity was 0.81 ± 1.14 log of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) at presentation and 0.49 ± 0.87 logMAR at the end of the study (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Pediatric uveitis poses a challenge in comparison to adult uveitis. Our study highlights the need for early diagnosis and aggressive management to prevent sequelae. Multidisciplinary approach is a key in improving the overall visual prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acinetobacter species are aerobic gram-negative bacteria that are ubiquitous in nature. Being a multidrug-resistant and an invasive pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections in the current healthcare system. It has been recognized as an agent of pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, urinary tract and wound infections, and is associated with high mortality. We aimed this study to evaluate resistance pattern of a threatening pathogen i.e., Acinetobacter baumannii. Materials and method: The present study was conducted in Microbiology Department of SBKSMIRC, Dhiraj Hospital, Waghodia, Gujarat during May 2022 to December 2022. This study included all Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from all ages and microbiological specimens which were referred to Central Microbiology Laboratory of Dhiraj Hospital. The Non-Lactose fermenting, oxidase negative organisms are kept in VITEK 2 automated system for identification and sensitivity. All isolates identified as Acinetobacter baumannii were included in the study. Results: This study included a total of 52 isolates of A.baumannii. Out of which 33% were respiratory samples (sputum, Endo-tracheal secretions), 33% were pus samples, 11% were urine samples and 23% were included in other (blood, CSF, Body fluids). The most resistant drug was ceftriaxone (88.46%). Tigecycline was found to be 100% sensitive. Conclusion: This study concludes that Tigecycline is the only drug which is most sensitive for A. baumannii and other higher drugs such as Polymixin B, Colistin etc. shows less resistance. Acinetobacter infection would remain a therapeutic challenge in our hospital and health care settings due to the increasing rate of Acinetobacter species with traits of MDR and resistance to high potent antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfall forecasting is essential because heavy and irregular rainfall creates many impacts like destruction of crops and farms. Here, the occurrence of rainfall is highly related to atmospheric parameters. Thus, a better forecasting model is essential for an early warning that can minimize risks and manage the agricultural farms in a better way. In this manuscript, Deep Neural Network (DNN) optimized with Flamingo Search Optimization Algorithm (FSOA) is proposed for Long-term and Short-term Rainfall forecasting. Here, the rainfall data is obtained from the standard dataset as Sudheerachary India Rainfall Analysis (IRA). Moreover, the Morphological filtering and Extended Empirical wavelet transformation (MFEEWT) approach is utilized for pre-processing process. Also, the deep neural network is utilized for performing rainfall prediction and classification. Additionally, the parameters of the DNN model is optimizing by Flamingo Search Optimization Algorithm. Finally, the proposed MFEEWT-DNN- FSOA approach has effectively predict the rainfall in different locations around India. The proposed model is implemented in Python tool and the performance metrics are calculated. The proposed MFEEWT-DNN- FSOA approach has achieved 25%, 26%, 25.5% high accuracy and 35.8%, 24.7%, 15.9% lower error rate for forecasting rainfall in Cannur at Kerala than the existing Map-Reduce based Exponential Smoothing Technology for rainfall prediction (MR-EST-RP), modular artificial neural networks with support vector regression for rainfall prediction (MANN-SVR-RP), and biogeography-based extreme learning machine (BBO-ELM) (BBO-ELM-RP) methods respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ornamental fish keeping is the second most preferred hobby in the world and it provides a great opportunity for entrepreneurship development and income generation. Controlling the environment in ornamental fish farm is a considerable challenge because it is affected by a variety of parameters like water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and disease occurrences. One particular interesting ornamental fish species is goldfish (Carassius auratus). Machine learning (ML) and deep learning technique have significant potential in analysing voluminous data collected from fish farm. Through this technique, the fish farmers can get insight on feeding behaviour, fish growth patterns, predict diseases/stress, and environmental factors affecting fish health. The aim of the study is to analyze the behavioural changes in goldfish due to alterations in environmental parameters (water temperature and dissolved oxygen). Decision tree, Naïve Bayes classifier, K-nearest neighbour (KNN), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to analyse the behavioural change data. To compare the performance between all four classifiers, cross validation and confusion matrix used. The cross-validation error of LDA, Naïve Bayes classification, KNN and decision tree was 19.86, 28.08, 30.14 and 13.78 respectively. Decision tree was proved to be the most accurate and effective classifier. Different temperature and DO range were taken to predict fish behaviour. Some findings are, the behaviour of fish was rest between temperature 37.85 °C and 40.535 °C, erratic when temperature was greater than or equal to 40.535 °C, gasping when temperature was between 37.85 and 40.535 °C and when DO concentration was less than 6.58 mg/L. Blood parameter analysis has been done to validate the change in external behaviours with change in physiological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While studies demonstrating the expression of repetitive elements (REs) in psoriatic skin using RNA-seq have been published before, not many studies have focused on the genome-wide expression patterns using larger cohorts. This study investigated the transcriptional landscape of differentially expressed REs in lesional and non-lesional skin from two previously published large datasets. We observed significant differential expression of REs in lesional psoriatic skin as well as the skin of healthy controls. Significant downregulation of several ERVs, HERVs (including HERV-K) and LINEs was observed in lesional psoriatic skin from both datasets. The upregulation of a small subset of HERV-Ks and Alus in lesional psoriatic skin was also reported. An interesting finding from this expression data was the significant upregulation and overlapping of tRNA repetitive elements in lesional and non-lesional psoriatic skin. The data from this study indicate the potential role of REs in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. The expression data from the two independent large study cohorts are powerful enough to confidently verify the differential expression of REs in relation to psoriatic skin pathology. Further studies are warranted to understand the functional impact of these repetitive elements in psoriasis pathogenesis, thereby expanding their significance as a potential targeting pathway for the disease treatment of psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. With the help of current scientific developments and traditional knowledge about medicinal plants, great progress could be made in the fight against cancer. The present study attempts to scientifically validate the ethnomedicinal and anticancer effects of Mesua ferrea Linn from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Using preparative HPLC, two main fractions (C1 and C2) were isolated from the methanolic extract of Mesua ferrea and their bioactivity was investigated. Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry analysis of Mesua ferrea methanol extract revealed the presence of 7 phytocomponents. Fraction C2 shows maximum potency against liver HepG2 cancer cell lines. Fraction C2 was further purified and subjected to spectroscopic analysis by 13C NMR, 1H NMR, FTIR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The structure is predicted and identified as 6-ethyl-3- hydroxy-4-methyl-8aH-xanthen-9(10aH)-one. This compound was found to have antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 352.007 µg/ml compared to the standard drug (camptothecin) with an IC50 value of 52.253 µg/ml and a crude drug of 177.006 µg/ml. Anticancer efficacy of the purified compound assessed by Annexin V apoptosis Study Using HepG2 cell lines. The compound exhibits significant early and late apoptosis of 13.6 % and 15.5 %, respectively, compared to the standard drug camptothecin with 28.7 % and 18.7 % early and late apoptosis and 7.02 % and 11.8 %. Caspase-3 expression analysis using HepG2 cell lines revealed that the purified compound inhibited early apoptosis in HepG2 cells at a concentration of 352 µg/ml, activating the caspase-3 cascade by 15.3 % compared with 17 % of the standard drug CTP. The result of the DNA fragmentation test supported the results of Annexin V and caspase 3 expression and showed significant protection. Our results indicate that 6-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-8aH-xanthen-9(10aH)-one isolated from Mesua ferrea may be a new lead molecule for the development of an antiproliferative, DNA-protective and effective anticancer drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody drug conjugates (ADC) are an emerging class of pharmaceuticals consisting of cytotoxic agents covalently attached to an antibody designed to target a specific cancer cell surface molecule followed by internalization and intracellular release of payload to exhibit its anticancer activity. Targeted delivery of cytotoxic payload to a variety of specific cells has been demonstrated to have significant enhancement in clinical efficacy and dramatic reduction in off‐target toxicity. Site‐specific conjugation of payload to the antibody is highly desirable for development of ADC with well‐defined antibody‐to‐drug ratio, enhanced internalization, reduced toxicity, improved stability, desired pharmacological profile and optimal therapeutic index. Here, we reported a site‐specific conjugation strategy for evaluation of antibody internalization and efficacy of ADC designed to target SSEA4 on solid tumors. This strategy stems from the azido‐fucose tag of a homogeneous antibody Fc‐glycan generated via in vitro glycoengineering approach for site‐specific conjugation and optimization of antibody‐drug ratio to exhibit optimal efficacy. The ADC consisting of a chimeric anti‐SSEA4 antibody chMC813‐70, conjugated to the antineoplastic agent monomethyl auristatin E via both cleavable and non‐cleavable linkers showed excellent cytotoxicity profile towards SSEA4‐bearing cancer cells. A clear distinction in cytotoxicity was observed among cancer cells with different SSEA4 expression levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze orbitofacial anthropometric parameters such as inner and outer canthal distances (ICD and OCD), palpebral fissure length (PFL), interpupillary distance (IPD), and canthal index (CI) in children with pseudostrabismus and to compare the measured IPD (mIPD) with calculated IPD (cIPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of sixty children (6 months-18 years) with pseudostrabismus. ICD, OCD, PFL, and IPD were measured by digital Vernier caliper. The formula used was cIPD: 0.21+0.24 ICD+0.58°CD for males and 1.4+0.31 ICD+0.41°CD for females. Values measured by caliper were compared with that calculated by the formula. The formula used was CI: ICD × 100/OCD. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The mean age was 6.66 ± 3.57 years. Telecanthus was the most common finding (55%). The mean ICD and OCD in males were 30.89 ± 3.33 mm and 87.96 ± 8.09 mm and in females were 30.91 ± 3.05 and 86.22 ± 6.81 mm, respectively. The mean right eye PFL in males was 28.53 ± 2.63 mm and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm and left eye PFL in males was 28.53 mm ± 2.63 and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm. CI in males was 35.10 ± 1.65 and in females was 35.84 ± 1.71. Mean mIPD and cIPD: male - 55.37 ± 4.75 mm and 58.56 ± 5.34 mm, female - 53.32 ± 4.74 mm and 46.26 ± 3.71 mm. A good agreement was found between mIPD and cIPD. CONCLUSION: This study helps in documenting the anthropometric pattern of the orbitofacial parameters in children with pseudostrabismus which can act as reference data. This helps in the management of orbitofacial, craniofacial syndromes/deformities and lid reconstructive surgeries in retaining ethnical features and obtaining better function. In children's spectacle frame 1 and lens making, where measuring IPD is difficult, cIPD can be a simple alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present work addressed the variability of lightning flash count and persistence of Convective Available Potential energy (CAPE) during onset-withdrawal and active-break phases of Indian southwest monsoon (ISM) over central India region for the period 2014–2019. We have observed that higher lightning activity is during the prior to onset phase (June) period as well withdrawal phase (September–October) of Indian southwest monsoon season. During the break phase (mid-monsoon months, July and August), the monsoon trough shifts northwards; as a result, lightning activity does not cease totally and some lightning activity is still observed over study region. It is noticed that position of monsoon trough play an important role in the lightning activity and CAPE. The analysis clearly suggests high CAPE is a necessary condition for formation of thunderstorms during ISM period (June to September). From the station based CAPE data, it is seen that lightning activity is higher at a station Nagpur (close to the monsoon trough region) compared to a station Hyderabad (far away from monsoon trough). Further, the monsoon trough region remains conditionally unstable which generates lightning producing storms over the study region during monsoon season. Observations suggest that when monsoon trough is strong, entrainment of cold and dry air in the lower level from north of monsoon trough interact with warm and moist air from south of monsoon trough and can make the atmosphere conditionally unstable that helps in formation of thunderstorms over the study region during ISM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: Robust standards to evaluate quality and completeness are lacking in eukaryotic structural genome annotation, as genome annotation software is developed using model organisms and typically lacks benchmarking to comprehensively evaluate the quality and accuracy of the final predictions. The annotation of plant genomes is particularly challenging due to their large sizes, abundant transposable elements, and variable ploidies. This study investigates the impact of genome quality, complexity, sequence read input, and method on protein‐coding gene predictions. Methods: The impact of repeat masking, long‐read and short‐read inputs, and de novo and genome‐guided protein evidence was examined in the context of the popular BRAKER and MAKER workflows for five plant genomes. The annotations were benchmarked for structural traits and sequence similarity. Results: Benchmarks that reflect gene structures, reciprocal similarity search alignments, and mono‐exonic/multi‐exonic gene counts provide a more complete view of annotation accuracy. Transcripts derived from RNA‐read alignments alone are not sufficient for genome annotation. Gene prediction workflows that combine evidence‐based and ab initio approaches are recommended, and a combination of short and long reads can improve genome annotation. Adding protein evidence from de novo assemblies, genome‐guided transcriptome assemblies, or full‐length proteins from OrthoDB generates more putative false positives as implemented in the current workflows. Post‐processing with functional and structural filters is highly recommended. Discussion: While the annotation of non‐model plant genomes remains complex, this study provides recommendations for inputs and methodological approaches. We discuss a set of best practices to generate an optimal plant genome annotation and present a more robust set of metrics to evaluate the resulting predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV is a hyper-inflammatory state. Plasma fibrinogen and serum hs CRP are cardiovascular risk factors associated with inflammation. Till date various studies have been undertaken to evaluate the predictive values of biomarkers towards progression in HIV and related diseases. In this study an attempt was made to analyze hsCRP and fibrinogen as cardio predictive marker at different stages of HIV infection. Material and Methods: It was a case control study. The patients attending Centre of excellence ART Centre were included in the study. The age group was from 16 to 50 years. In this study 200 subjects participated which were divided into two groups. One group having seropositive 150 HIV subjects. Control group having 50 HIV seronegative subjects. The seropositive group was further categorized into three subgroups based on CD4 count. The estimation of Serum hs CRP and plasma fibrinogen was carried out by chemiluminescence and immunoturbidimetric method. Results: The mean value of hsCRP in experimental group of HIV seropositive was more than control group, statistically highly significant (P<0.001) The mean value of plasma fibrinogen in experimental group of HIV seropositive was more than control group, statistically highly significant (P<0.001). The hsCRP and fibrinogen levels within the experimental group of HIV seropositive group, statistically highly significant(p<0.001). ANOVA and post hoc tukey test were applied. hs CRP with CD4=200 comparative to CD4=500 was statistically significant at (p<0.001). and with 201 to 500 is statistically significant at 5%level(P<0.05). However, hs CRP with CD4= 200 comparative to 201 to 500 was not statistically significant at 5%level(P>0.05). Plasma fibrinogen with CD4=200 comparative to 201-500 was statistically significant at (p<0.05). and with CD4= 200 comparative to = 500 was statistically significant at 0.1%level (P<0.001). However, Plasma fibrinogen with CD4 count 200 -500 comparative to = 500 was not statistically significant at 5% level (P>0.05). Conclusion: The serum hsCRP and plasma fibrinogen, display altered expression during inflammatory disease. They can prove useful as biochemical markers to facilitate the understanding pathogenesis of diseases. It helps forecast a patient's clinical course or response to therapy and prevent additional complications like cardiovascular diseases. Thus, serum hsCRP and plasma fibrinogen may improve global cardiovascular risk prediction in HIV-infected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive structure–activity relationship study on antibody Fc-glycosylation has been performed using the chimeric anti-SSEA4 antibody chMC813-70 as a model. The α-2,6 sialylated biantennary complex type glycan was identified as the optimal Fc-glycan with significant enhancement in antibody effector functions, including binding to different Fc receptors and ADCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020, the global prevalence of glaucoma was estimated to be 76 million and it was projected to increase to 111.8 million by 2040. Accurate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is imperative in glaucoma management since it is the only modifiable risk factor. Numerous studies have compared the reliability of IOP measured using transpalpebral tonometers and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the existing literature with a reliability and agreement comparison of transpalpebral tonometers against the gold standard GAT for IOP measurement among individuals presenting for ophthalmic examinations. The data collection will be performed using a predefined search strategy through electronic databases. Prospective methods-comparison studies published between January 2000 and September 2022 will be included. Studies will be deemed eligible if they report empirical findings on the agreement between transpalpebral tonometry and Goldmann applanation tonometry. The standard deviation and limits of agreement between each study and their pooled estimate along with weights and percentage of error will be reported using a forest plot. Cochrane's Q test and the I2 statistic will be used to assess heterogeneity, and the publication bias will be investigated using a funnel plot, Begg's and Egger's tests. The review results will provide additional evidence on the reliability of transpalpebral tonometers that, in turn, could possibly assist practitioners to make informed decision about using it as a screening or diagnostic device for clinical practice, outreach camps, or home-based screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, modified combustion process is used to synthesize nano-MnFe2O4. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses are used to evaluate the sample's structural integrity. Scanning electron micrograph shows the surface morphology of the sample. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum is used to evaluate the phase purity of the sample. The average particle size of the sample estimated from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is 18 nm. The UV–visible absorption spectroscopy reveals that the sample exhibits absorption band in NIR region. Photothermal study of the sample is done in detail. The experiment is done for three different concentrations. The time–temperature graph is drawn. From the graph maximum saturation temperature is obtained for 2 M concentration, and its value is 58.9 °C. This study shows that the 2 M sample shows maximum efficiency equal to 76.8%. The nano-MnFe2O4 is found to be the potential for photothermal applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the green synthesis, photocatalysis and antibacterial studies of biocompatible Ricestraw based Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles for industrial waste water remediation. Metal oxide nanoparticles have large potential to oxidize the heavy contaminants and destroy microorganism due to its large surface area and small size. Impregnating biopolymer, Ricestraw with TiO2 enhances the rate of release of superoxide anions and ROS thereby shooting up the capability to treat waste water. The structural confirmation is done using X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of the samples is analyzed with Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM). The UV–Vis absorption spectra of the samples are also recorded. The average crystalline size of the nanocomposite was found to be 4.9 nm. Anti-bacterial activity and Zone inhibition area of samples against both E. coli and B. cereus are studied using agar well diffusion method. The Photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite for both azo and basic dyes at different illumination time are observed and the photocatalytic efficiency of the samples for all the dyes are measured. In this work 3 azo dyes and 3 basic dyes are considered. The studies suggest that composite of ricestraw based TiO2 is a potential candidate for industrial waste water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a DC microgrid consists of a solar photovoltaic, wind power system and fuel cells as sources interlinked with the utility grid. The appropriate sizing and positioning of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) are concurrently determined to curtail the negative impact of their placement on the distribution network's operational parameters. The charging station location problem is presented in a multi-objective context comprising voltage stability, reliability, the power loss (VRP) index and cost as objective functions. RES and EVCS location and capacity are chosen as the objective variables. The objective functions are tested on modified IEEE 33 and 123-bus radial distribution systems. The minimum value of cost obtained is USD 2.0250 × 106 for the proposed case. The minimum value of the VRP index is obtained by innovative scheme 6, i.e., 9.6985 and 17.34 on 33-bus and 123-bus test systems, respectively. The EVCSs on medium- and large-scale networks are optimally placed at bus numbers 2, 19, 20; 16, 43, and 107. There is a substantial rise in the voltage profile and a decline in the VRP index with RESs' optimal placement at bus numbers 2, 18, 30; 60, 72, and 102. The location and size of an EVCS and RESs are optimized by the modified teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) technique, and the results show the effectiveness of RESs in reducing the VRP index using the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient, one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 3-amino-1-alkylpyridin-2(1H)-one as privileged medicinal scaffolds was achieved by condensation of N-Alkyl-2-cyanoacetamides, aldehydes, and malononitriles in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7-enium acetate [DBUH][OAc] ionic liquid, which acts as a green solvent medium. Mild conditions with outstanding conversion and simple isolation procedure are significant advantages of this method. The recyclability and recovery of the ionic liquid make this protocol environmentally desirable. Also, a series of (aryl or het) 2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity against three human cancer cell lines MCF-7/AZ, HeLa, and Jurkat with promising activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding biological differences between different racial groups of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients, who have differences in terms of incidence, survival, and tumor morphology, can facilitate accurate prognostic biomarkers, which can help develop personalized treatment strategies.Methods: This study evaluated whether there were morphologic differences between HPV-associated tumors from Black and White patients in terms of multinucleation index (MuNI), an image analysis-derived metric that measures density of multinucleated tumor cells within epithelial regions on hematoxylin-eosin images and previously has been prognostic in HPV-associated OPSCC patients. In this study, the authors specifically evaluated whether the same MuNI cutoff that was prognostic of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival in their previous study, TTR , is valid for Black and White patients, separately. We also evaluated population-specific cutoffs, TB for Blacks and TW for Whites, for risk stratification.Results: MuNI was statistically significantly different between Black (mean, 3.88e-4; median, 3.67e-04) and White patients (mean, 3.36e-04; median, 2.99e-04), with p = .0078. Using TTR , MuNI was prognostic of OS in the entire population with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.71 (p = .002; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-2.43) and in White patients with HR of 1.72 (p = .005; 95% CI, 1.18-2.51). Population-specific cutoff, TW , yielded improved HR of 1.77 (p = .003; 95% CI, 1.21-2.58) for White patients, whereas TB did not improve risk-stratification in Black patients with HR of 0.6 (p = .3; HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2-1.80).Conclusions: Histological difference between White and Black patient tumors in terms of multinucleated tumor cells suggests the need for considering population-specific prognostic biomarkers for personalized risk stratification strategies for HPV-associated OPSCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To study the presence and development of strabismus in children with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism.Methods: This is a prospective, longitudinal, and observational study. Sixty children aged between 6 months and 18 years with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism in isolation or in combination were recruited. A detailed analysis of the history, determination of best corrected visual acuity, complete evaluation of strabismus, and ocular examination were carried out. The presence of telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism and associated strabismus, if any, was noted. All children were followed up for a minimum and maximum period of 12 and 18 months, respectively, to analyze the strabismus (previously present) and for detection of strabismus in those who did not have. The data were analyzed descriptively with mean and standard deviation. Chi square test and Fishers exact test were used to analyze the data between the groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Telecanthus was the most common lid feature (55%). At baseline, ten (16.66%) children had strabismus (six: esotropia; four: exotropia). Two (3.33%) children underwent surgery. One child developed exotropia at the third follow-up (18 months). At the end of the study, 11 (18.33%) children had strabismus. No significant association was seen between lid characteristics and the type of strabismus.Conclusion: Children with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism in isolation or in combination may or may not have associated strabismus. These features can pose difficulty in strabismus diagnosis, which mandates a careful examination, especially in younger age groups and small-angle strabismus. On the other hand, children without strabismus need longer follow-up to detect the development of strabismus and to initiate further management at the earliest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurate assessment of right atrial pressure (RAP) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is critical in the management of heart transplant recipients. The accuracy of echocardiography in estimating these pressures has been debated. Objective: To assess the correlation and agreement between echocardiographic estimations of right heart pressures with those of respective invasive hemodynamic measurements by right heart catheterization (RHC) in adult heart transplant recipients. Methods: This is a prospective evaluation of 84 unique measurements from heart transplant recipients who underwent RHC followed by standard echocardiographic evaluation within 159 ± 64 min with no intervening medication changes. The relationship between noninvasive pressure estimations and invasive hemodynamic measurements was examined. Results: Mean RAP was 7 ± 5 mmHg and mean PASP was 33 ± 8 mmHg by RHC. There was no significant correlation between echocardiographic estimation of RAP and invasive RAP (Spearman's rho = −0.05, p =.7), and no significant agreement between these two variables (weighted kappa = −0.1). There was a modest correlation between echocardiographic estimation of PASP and invasive PASP (r =.39, p =.002). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a mean bias of 2.1 ± 9 mmHg (limits of agreement = −15 to 20 mmHg). Conclusion: In heart transplant recipients, there is no significant correlation or agreement between echocardiographic RAP estimation and invasively determined RAP. Noninvasive PASP estimation correlates significantly but modestly with invasively measured PASP. Further refinement of echocardiographic methods for assessment of RAP is warranted in this unique patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies (EPs) are rare and potentially life threatening. The number is rising due to various risk factors and there are no uniform guidelines in the management of EPs. This study was done to assess risk factors and challenges in the management of EPs. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective observational descriptive study that was done at SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University Dharwad, Karnataka India. Data was collected from the medical records section of all the patients of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies managed in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2021. The collected data were analyzed for demographic characteristics, risk factors and management. Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancies in our institute was 6-7 per 1000 pregnancies, of which 20% of the ectopic pregnancies were non-tubal. The incidence was higher than the other studies, which could be due to our center being a tertiary care referral center. Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies were the most common accounting for 60% of cases. The management varied from conservative to minimally invasive surgery to hysterectomy hysterectomy with bilateral internal iliac artery ligation, depending upon the clinical presentation, duration of gestation, presence of fetal cardiac activity and hemodynamic stability. The other non-tubal ectopic pregnancies were cervical, ovarian, corneal and heterotopic. Cervical pregnancy beyond 12 weeks of gestation was rare which was managed by conserving the uterus. Conclusion: Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies are rare. Early diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion if missed can lead to an array of complications leading to loss of fertility, morbidity, and mortality. The key step to avert the complications is early diagnosis and individualized treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development of the outrigger structural system from the conventional outrigger to damped outrigger concepts. Outrigger structural system development from the conservative design as a rigid connection to a virtual connection with passive control, active control system, semi-active control system to hybrid control system is deliberated. Following brief overviews on history of outriggers, types of the outrigger, analysis of tall buildings without outriggers, formulation of equations for outrigger structure to simplify analysis are elaborated. Different approach to locate optimum positioning of outriggers in tall structure is elucidated. Analysis of outrigger to study its behavior in high-rise buildings using different methods is stated, and review on the damped outrigger system is explicated. This paper tries to highlight the advantages of outrigger structure with semi-active control and performance enhancement of the outrigger system with the effective devices, and enhanced results are also depicted. This review also paves a way for the new area of research in structural control with the incorporation of smart devices and smart technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Essential hypertension is a systemic disease which affects endothelial basement membrane. Changes in Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) distribution pattern on glomerular basement membrane has been noted in hypertension. Hence it seems likely that an increase excretion of GAG levels may be an indicator of reduction in renal function. The qualitative or quantitative determination of urinary GAGs may be of value and could constitute a non invasive marker to assess the renal damage in essential hypertension. Aim: Differential analysis of urinary GAGs in essential hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: This analytical case-control observational study which was conducted from November 2014 to June 2016 in Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The study group included 50 male patients with age group of 30-60 years, clinically diagnosed with essential hypertension. Control group included 50 healthy male individuals with age group of 30-60 years, blood donors visiting to hospital blood bank. Random urine sample was collected. Urine creatinine was estimated by Jaffe's method, urine GAGs by Dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) dye method and urine microalbumin by particle enhanced Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay method. Correlation was tested with Spearman's correlation coefficient. Level of significance was set for p-value <0.05 with confidence interval of 95%. Results: In present study, urinary GAGs levels in essential hypertensive study group was 14.57±10.16 mg/dL and in control group was 10.09±6.04 mg/dL. Urinary GAGs levels in essential hypertensive group was significantly high (p-value=0.890) when compared with normotensive control group. But no statistical significant correlation was found between urine GAGs and urine microalbumin in hypertensive study group. Conclusion: Estimation of urine glycosaminoglycans in essential hypertensive patients is a simple, rapid and cost effective test which asseses the glomerular function. It can be used as one of the early marker for diagnosis of nephropathy before microalbuminuria sets in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most common material used for fabrication of denture prosthesis is polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin. Fracture of the denture base is a problem. Reinforcements incorporated into heat cured denture base resins have given conflicting results. There are no studies performed using both powdered zirconia and copper and their effect on heat cure and self cured acrylic resins. 36 PMMA denture base specimens were either incorporated with filler particles (Zirconia or Copper powder) or left unfilled to test: Group1- unfilled heat cured specimens, group2- Copper filler in heat cured specimens, group3-Zirconia filler in heat cured specimens, group4- unfilled self cured specimens, group5- Copper filler in self cured specimens, group6-Zirconia filler in self cured specimens. Fillers were incorporated into polymer powder and then fabricated into acrylic blocks tests. Cured specimens were tested in universal testing machine under a flexural load in 3 point bending test till fracture occurred and a 50 gf load for 5s indentation time for VHN values. Data obtained was statistically evaluated by one way ANOVA and Post Hoc test. There was a decrease in mean transverse strength after addition of Zirconia and Copper powder as filler particles into both types of acrylic resins. Surface hardness of heat cured denture base specimens with Zirconia powder filler increased and was statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Prediabetes is defined as an intermediate state of hyperglycemia with glucose levels above normal but below the diagnostic cutoff of diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes is considered as an important risk factor for the development of diabetes and complications associated with diabetes. Since glomerular hyperfiltration (elevated GFR) and albuminuria represent early and reversible stages of kidney damage seen in patients with type 2 diabetes, we aim to assess the impact of hyperglycemia in prediabetic range on renal functions measured by estimated GFR and urine albumin excretion (UAE). Materials and Methods The study included 1,031 patients aged 30 to 70 years, attending regular health checkup. Patients were grouped as normal, prediabetes, and diabetes according to the American Diabetic Association (ADA) criteria based on fasting blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Further, the patients were grouped into multiple subgroups based on age and gender. UAE was measured by using immunoturbidimetric method, and GFR was estimated by chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD EPI) equation. Statistical Analysis Prevalence of hyperfiltration (estimated glomerular filtration rate above the age and gender specific 95th percentile), and albuminuria in prediabetes and diabetes was compared with normal controls. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated by using logistic regression analysis to predict the occurrence of hyperfiltration in prediabetes and diabetes. Analysis of variance followed by post hoc comparison was done to assess the significance of difference, and p -value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Prevalence of hyperfiltration was more in prediabetes and diabetes compared with normal controls, and it increased with surging HbA1c level that was shown as higher odds ratio for hyperfiltration in both the groups. UAE was more in the prediabetes and diabetes group when compared with normal controls, but the difference was significant only in diabetes. Conclusion Since glomerular hyperfiltration represents an early and reversible stage of renal damage manifesting before the appearance of albuminuria, elevated GFR can be used to identify asymptomatic patients with intermediate hyperglycemia having high risk of developing nephropathy in the future. Prediabetes represents a window of opportunity to initiate preventive strategies at an early stage before the occurrence of significant renal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an Agent based Spider-Net Information Gathering (ASNIG) scheme to facilitate high performance and energy efficient data gathering, and multipath routing in wireless sensor networks. This algorithm uses a spatio-temporal topology called as 'Spider-Net', which is inspired by the way that a spider catches its prey using its own web. Multiple software agents are used to improve the performance of the network. The proposed scheme is simulated using NS2 for performance analysis. The simulation result shows that the networking structure of spider-net along with software agents performed better than that of existing scheme in terms of minimizing energy consumption thereby enhancing the network lifetime of WSN. To test the performance of the proposed system, some of the performance parameters considered are: network lifetime, spider-net construction time, data gathering time, energy consumption for spider-net construction, and energy consumption for data gathering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of chromium in aquatic streams due to the discharge of industrial effluents is of great concern because of its toxic nature. Removal of Cr(VI) ion from wastewater is a necessary task. To enhance the adsorption capacity of sawdust for heavy metals, sawdust was modified with formaldehyde and used for the adsorption of heavy metal Cr(VI). The process of modifying was characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The effects of various parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial metal ion concentration on the adsorption process were investigated. The maximum removal of chromium (VI) was found to be 100% at pH 2.0, initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10 mg/L, and adsorbent dose of 4 g/L. Equilibrium isotherms for the removal of Cr(VI) were analysed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models and the experimental data were well explained by the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 8.84 mg/g. Kinetic studies were performed by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich models. The R2 value of the pseudo-second-order model is higher than other kinetic models. Therefore, the obtained data were the best fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption process of sawdust for Cr(VI) was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]