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We provide suitable conditions under which the asymptotic limit of the Hilbert-Samuel coefficients of the Frobenius powers of an \mathfrak {m}-primary ideal exists in a Noetherian local ring (R,\mathfrak {m}) with prime characteristic p>0. This, in turn, gives an expression of the Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of powers of the ideal. We also prove that for a face ring R of a simplicial complex and an ideal J generated by pure powers of the variables, the generalized Hilbert-Kunz function \ell (R/(J^{[q]})^k) is a polynomial for all q,k and also give an expression of the generalized Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of powers of J in terms of Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of J. We conclude by giving a counter-example to a conjecture proposed by I. Smirnov which connects the stability of an ideal with the asymptotic limit of the first Hilbert coefficient of the Frobenius power of the ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand sanitizer usage has proven to be a common and practical method for reducing the spread of infectious diseases which can be caused by many harmful pathogens. There is a need for alcohol-free hand sanitizers because most hand sanitizers on the market are alcohol-based, and regular use of them can damage the skin and can be hazardous. India is the world's largest producer of fruits and one of the major problems after fruit consumption is their peels, causing waste management problems and contributing to the formation of greenhouse gases leading to air pollution and adding to the problem of climate change. Valorization of such wastes into other value-added products and their incorporation into formulations of eco-friendly alcohol-free hand sanitizers would solve these issues, save the environment, benefit the society, and help in achieving the sustainable development goals. Thus, this research focuses on formulating an effective natural alcohol-free hand sanitizer that harnesses the antimicrobial properties of the various types of bioactive components found in fruit peels of pomegranate, sweet lime, and lemon. The peel extracts and the formulated sanitizer proved considerable antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic Escherichia coli and hand microflora. Molecular docking was also applied to examine ligand-protein interaction patterns and predict binding conformers and affinity of the sanitizer phytocompounds towards target proteins in COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia viruses. The binding affinities and the protein-ligand interactions virtual studies revealed that the sanitizer phytocompounds bind with the amino acids in the target proteins' active sites via hydrogen bonding interactions. As a result, it is possible to formulate a natural, alcohol-free hand sanitizer from fruit peels that is effective against pathogenic germs and viruses using the basic structure of these potential findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Material strengthening is a key objective of researchers and scientists in the present scenario for industrial applications. Although many processes can strengthen and refine grains, severe plastic deformation is the most dominant of all other techniques. Accumulative roll bonding is one of the severe plastic deformation techniques. This study examined how the various accumulative roll bonding cycles at the elevated preheating temperature affected the mechanical characteristics and microstructural evolution of the AA6082 strip. An optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron backscatter diffraction were used to analyze the bonding and microstructural features. To determine mechanical characteristics, tensile and microhardness tests were also performed. The ultrafine grain size was achieved after accumulative roll bonding processing of AA6082. Accumulative roll bonding processing enhances mechanical properties like tensile strength and microhardness during the initial accumulative roll bonding cycle, but these properties grow more slowly at higher accumulative roll bonding cycles. However, the elongation value considerably decreased in the first cycle before stabilizing. The nice bonding between the layers was seen after accumulative roll bonding. Even after accumulative roll bonding, the fracture morphology reveals a ductile mode of fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cut greens are emerging as an important constituent of the floricultural industry as they add freshness and colour to floral designs. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different coloured shade nets (black, blue, green, red, white and no shade) at 50% shade intensity on growth and quality parameters of Dianella tasmanica and Pleomele reflexa. Both species significantly responded to the change in colour of shade nets. In D. tasmanica, maximum plant height (85.66 cm), stem diameter (8.63 mm) and leaf length (68.33 cm) were recorded under red shade net, while, plant spread (63.03 cm) and leaf breadth (4.06 cm) under black shade net, however, leaf thickness (0.57 cm) and vase life (24.33 days) under white shade net. In P. reflexa, maximum plant height (63.66 cm), stem diameter (9.76 mm), leaf length (17.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.93 cm) and SPAD index (60.10) were recorded under red shade net, whereas, plant spread (36.34 cm) and leaf breadth (3.00 cm) under black shade net, and vase life (25.66 days) under white shade net. Thus, red coloured shade nets could be preferred commercially for better performance of D. tasmanica and P. reflexa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leigh's syndrome is a rare cause of young-onset parkinsonism with dystonia in adults. The case presented a 23-year-old male who developed symptoms such as dragging of the right foot, slowness in daily activities, abnormal hand posturing, and falling backwards. The patient was diagnosed with adult-onset Leigh's syndrome based on clinical symptoms, MRI brain findings, MR spectroscopy, muscle biopsy, and genetic testing. Treatment with various medications did not result in significant improvement after one year of follow-up. Clinicians should be aware of Leigh's syndrome as a potential cause of parkinsonism and dystonia in young adults. [Extracted from the article]

Bulk production of ultrafine‐grained material is in great demand presently. Ultrafine‐grained material can be synthesized using accumulative roll bonding, which is a prominent severe plastic deformation technique to develop such materials in bulk. There are further challenges in the fabrication of ultrafine‐grained material. Friction stir welding is a potential technique to join the ultrafine‐grained material while maintaining its mechanical and microstructural characteristics stability as no fusion is required. The present research work demonstrates the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of various welding zone after friction stir welding of ultrafine‐grained aluminum alloy 6082. The microstructural features were examined using optical microscopy and the electron back‐scattered diffraction technique. The variation in mechanical characteristics was observed using tensile and microhardness tests. The fractography of tensile specimens was studied to identify the mode of failure. The present study demonstrates the viability of friction stir welding to join ultrafine‐grained aluminum alloy 6082 developed by accumulative roll bonding. The ultrafine grain size of 0.52 μm was achieved after four accumulative roll bonding cycles. The microhardness of accumulative roll bonding processed samples and the tensile strength of the weld joint were increased about two times and 1.6 times respectively compared to the annealed sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jalna district in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra State, India, represents the south-eastern Deccan Volcanic Province. The district falls under the drought-prone areas programme zone of low rainfall and receives <750 mm annual precipitation from the southwest monsoon. The region has experienced severe droughts for the last couple of decades, which have adversely affected the groundwater levels and yielded potentiality of Deccan Trap basaltic aquifers. As a result, the groundwater resources in the area are under severe stress. Aquifer-wise groundwater management is one of the best solutions to overcome water demand. Keeping this in view, the aquifer-wise groundwater management plan, considering the demand and supply management, is formulated for the Jalna district. As supply-side management, a total of 198 percolation tanks and 565 check dams are proposed, which will augment additional groundwater resources to the tune of 56.55 MCM. At the same time, as a part of demand-side management, micro-irrigation techniques in 14 km2 areas of the district have been recommended, saving a total of 7.08 MCM water. Adopting this plan will store 186.53 MCM volume of groundwater and bring an additional 286.97 km2 land area under assured groundwater irrigation by constructing 11,188 dug wells and 1242 borewells. Proposed plan targets maintaining the stage of groundwater development up to 60% to sustain the assured irrigation and protect the groundwater resources of the Jalna district area for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Heteraxinoides atlanticus Gayevskaya et Kovaleva (1979) is described from the locality of Arabian Sea, India. This monogenean species is first time reported from India, infesting the gills of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch). The present study redescribes H. atlanticus and its phylogenetic status using morphometric and molecular tools. Methods: A total of 35 parasites were collected from the 234 specimens of Nemipterus japonicus at Mumbai, India. The temporary and permanent mounts were prepared for the morphometric analyses of H. atlanticus. For PCR, the genomic DNA was isolated from the parasites using primers for 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and mtCOI gene. The obtained DNA sequences were subjected to different bioinformatics softwares (BLASTn, Clustal Omega and MEGA) for phlyogenetic analyses. Result: Phylogenetic analyses with the help of partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of H. atlanticus and other available sequences of heteraxinids provided the better understanding of relationship in the family Heteraxinidae. Another species, H. karachiensis Hadi and Bilqees (2014) showed similar morphological features such as number of clamps and structure of genital atrium to H. atlanticus except few minor differences, so it must be considered as synonym of H. atlanticus and placed into Heteraxinidae instead of Axinidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is an important edible legume grown in Asia, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. A field experiment was conducted for the integrated management of leaf spot and root rot caused by Cercospora canescene and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid respectively at Agricultural Research Station Mandor, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. For the integrated management of the diseases, ten treatments comprising of seed treatment and foliar application of various fungicides and biocontrol agents in three replications were used in randomized block design. Among the tested treatments against leaf spot, blight and root rot, seed treatment with T. viride @ 4 g/kg + soil application of T. viride @ 2.5 kg/ha enriched in 100 kg FYM + Neem cake @ 250 kg/ha + spray of myclobutanil @ 1 g/l the leaf spot (2.6%) and root rot (3.6%) decreased by 79-84 and 72-79% respectively and found at par with seed treatment with Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg + soil application of P. fluorescens @ 2.5 kg/ha in 100 kg of FYM + spray Pyraclostrobin 133 G/l + Epoxiconazole 50 G/l SE @ 1.5 ml/l which resulted in the minimum disease incidence of root rot (4.5%), disease severity of leaf spot (2.8%) and highest yield of mungbean (1019 kg/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to explore workplace-stress perceptions and stress coping mechanisms used by employees of different age-groups in services. The study further examined the relationship between stress coping mechanisms and workplace-stress perceptions of employees, by underpinning literature-based evidences to results. The study investigated workplace-stress and coping mechanisms of randomly selected employees (n = 204) of three sectors of service industry. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and related post-hoc tests were used to examine different research questions in the study. The study was primarily designed to study the impact of gender, age, management level and organizational ownership on stress perceptions and coping mechanisms of employees. The results suggested that perceived workplace-stress and stress coping mechanisms differ significantly with age while other factors reported insignificant differences. Interestingly, the older employees scored high on the use of coping mechanisms but their perceived workplace-stress was also high in comparison to their younger counterparts. The study attributes high stress-perceptions in older employees to the new stressors at work, thereby negating the experience theory widely used in explaining high coping ability of older employees at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that the Hilbert-Kunz function of the ideal (I, It) of the Rees algebra R (I) , where I is an m -primary ideal of a 1-dimensional local ring (R , m) , is a quasi-polynomial in e, for large e. For s ∈ N , we calculate the Hilbert-Samuel function of the R-module I [ s ] and obtain an explicit description of the generalized Hilbert-Kunz function of the ideal (I , I t) R (I) when I is a parameter ideal in a Cohen-Macaulay local ring of dimension d ≥ 2 , proving that the generalized Hilbert-Kunz function is a piecewise polynomial in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundnut is an economic important edible oilseed crop. Collar rot is one of the most destructive diseases of groundnut. The use of fungicides to manage disease in crops causes much adverse health and environmental effects; therefore, the need for a more sustainable and ecological approach to control crop diseases without chemical fungicides becomes inevitable. Accordingly, a viable alternative method was used. Seven plant extracts and five bio-agents were evaluated by poison food technique and dual culture technique under laboratory conditions against Aspergillus niger in 2019-2020. Among them, datura leaf extract was most effective and inhibited mycelial growth by 84.06%, followed by tulsi (79.18%) and neem seed kernel extract (77.05%) when applied at 10% concentration of the extracts. The least inhibition was observed due to Salvadora extract (35.85%). Among bio-agents, Trichoderma harzianum inhibited mycelial growth by 77.67%, followed by Trichoderma viride (72.92%) in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study based on partial sequences of 28S and 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of sixteen Indian species of the genus Cornudiscoides (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) were conducted to decode the genetic relationship between them and with other members of the family Dactylogyridae. Blastn searches disclosed the significant similarity among the species of the Cornudiscoides for large ribosomal subunits as well as for small ribosomal subunit showing genetic relatedness. The phylogenetic tree using neighbour-joining (NJ) and minimum evolution (ME) methods for 28S ribosomal subunit depicted that all Cornudiscoides species clustering in a single clade and forming sister clade with other members of the family Dactylogyridae and similar results were obtained from 18S ribosomal subunit. Thus, the present study demonstrated that both 28S and 18S ribosomal subunits are very helpful in discriminating Cornudiscoides species (intra or interspecific variation) and in the establishment of the evolutionary relationship among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let (R,) be an analytically unramified local ring of positive prime characteristic p. For an ideal I, let I* denote its tight closure. We introduce the tight Hilbert function HI*(n) = ℓ(R/In)) and the corresponding tight Hilbert polynomial PI*(n), where I is an m-primary ideal. It is proved that F-rationality can be detected by the vanishing of the first coefficient of PI*(n). We find the tight Hilbert polynomial of certain parameter ideals in hypersurface rings and Stanley-Reisner rings of simplicial complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the experiments were conducted on the management of Alternaria blight and powdery mildew of cumin in Rajasthan. On the basis of field studies, the dose of Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 350g/ha was found effective to manage Alternaria blight and powdery mildew disease of cumin and gave maximum seed yield. The application of fungicides resulted in significantly greater disease control, over their individual applications as well as over untreated control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing demand for high computing power led to the establishment of large-scale data centers. A data center is a collection of millions of servers. These large-scale data centers consume a huge amount of electrical energy. Managing these servers for provisioning and de-provisioning of resources in an automatic and efficient way is a great challenge. We attempt to minimise the power consumption by reducing the number of servers and maximizing the resource utilization of the servers that are in use through virtualization of resources. We work upon Virtual Machine Consolidation for consolidating them on fewer servers for maximizing resource utilization. In this article, we propose a resource request based heuristic for offloading the overloaded servers to optimise power consumption efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time nonlocal generalization of the classical Fourier law with the “Long-tail” power kernel can be interpreted in terms of fractional calculus and leads to the time fractional heat conduction equation. The solution to the fractional heat conduction equation under a Dirichlet boundary condition with zero temperature and the physical Neumann boundary condition with zero heat flux are obtained by integral transform. Thermal deflection has been investigated in the context of fractional-order heat conduction by quasi-static approach for a thin hollow circular disk. The numerical results for temperature distribution and thermal deflection using thermal moment are computed and represented graphically for copper material. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new host and new locality is recorded for Diplostamenides sciaenae (Goto, 1894) Lebedev, Parukhin et Roitman, 1970 from Johnius belangerii at Versova dock landing centre, Mumbai, India. The morphometric comparison of D. sciaenae with previously published data, provided redescription complements results of molecular analysis. The partial 28S and 18S rRNA gene sequences of D. sciaenae were amplified, sequenced through PCR and deposited to GenBank database. The BLASTn searches revealed the significant closeness of D. sciaenae to other microcotylid parasites in large and small ribosomal subunits. The phylogenetic tree analyses with neighbor joining and minimum evolution methods also expressed belonging of D. sciaenae to Microcotylidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a quasi-static uncoupled theory of thermoelasticity based on time fractional heat conduction equation is used to model a thin circular plate, whose lower surface is maintained at zero temperature whereas the upper surface is insulated. The edge of the circular plate is fixed and clamped. Integral transform technique is used to derive the analytical solutions in the physical domain. The numerical results for temperature distributions and thermal deflection are computed and represented graphically for Copper material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selection indices were constructed using seven traits in a set of 32 forage oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes using Smith index. The experiment was conducted with three replications at Instructional Dairy Farm, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The efficiency of different indices was assessed in terms of expected genetic advance and relative efficiency of selection over grain yield per se. Efficiency of indices over direct selection for relative selection efficiency ranged from 16.92 to 514.28 percent. Selection on the basis of number of spikelets per panicle gave 43.16% higher efficiency for grain yield improvement. This trait was found important for all the indices that also had high heritability, high GCV and direct effect on grain yield per plant. Selection indices comprising of growth rate, number of spikelets per panicle and grain yield were most efficient indices for grain yield improvement with relative efficiency of selection as 374.53 percent and genetic advance of 24.12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two partial regions of ribosomal DNA (28S and 18S) were used to evaluate genetic variations among the species of Cornudiscoides, viz. C. proximus, C. geminus and C. agarwali, all parasites of Mystus vittatus (Bagridae) from River Gomati, Ganges River basin, India. Our findings demonstrated that both the large and small ribosomal subunits are useful for species identification and genetic characterization of parasites, leading to resolution of inter/intra-relationships at generic and specific levels. The secondary structures of all three species for 28S and 18S rRNA genes contained exact pattern matches (EMPs) displaying the high degree of similarity among them. The phylogenetic analyses within the members of Dactylogyridae demonstrated that species of Cornudiscoides cluster together for 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The present study was undertaken to know the positioning of hotels in Gwalior. The basic idea was to investigate the parameters on the basis of which the customers categorise hotels. 139 subjects/ respondents who were the frequent visitors of hotels served as a sample for the study. The age of the subjects was in the category of 25 to 50. Each subject was shown 36 pairs of the hotel for comparison and was asked to give their preference of the hotel over other. The data obtained from 139 subjects were analysed using multidimensional scaling (MDS) procedure. This research paper finds out the dimensionality that groups the items of service quality for hotels. It has got two dimensions for the study. Customers have perceived price and quality of services as important aspects. This paper is almost first attempt in the settings of South Asia, and it will lead in the development of offerings aspects of hotels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal degradation of PVC and acacia wood flour (with and without silane treatment) composites was studied by using TGA in nitrogen atmosphere. The wood flour was varied from 10 to 30 % within the PVC matrix. Thermal stability of the composites increased with increase in percentage of wood flour at higher temperature. The thermal stability of the silane treated microcellular composites (SPVC) was found to be greater than that of the untreated (UPVC) one. It was also strengthened by the higher activation energy of the silane treated composites for 30 % (SPVC30) and 10 wt% (SPVC10) filler loading (210 and 187 kJ mol-1) in comparison to that of UPVCs (185 and 161 kJ mol-1) respectively. The isothermal degradation and thermodynamic parameters were also studied and found that the isothermal stability with time, entropy change (ΔS) and enthalpy change (ΔH) increased with increase in wt% of UPVCs and SPVCs. The values of ΔH were recorded as 534 and 452 kJ mol-1 for SPVC30 and SPVC10, which were highest among all the composites. It proved the better thermal stability of silane treated over the untreated microcellular composites. The values of Gibb's free energy (ΔG) decreased as the filler content increased from 10 to 30 wt% filler loading, which supports the above said statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing is a new paradigm for hosting and delivering services using the standard protocols of the Internet. It refers to a service-oriented architecture that offers ubiquitous and convenient computing, greater flexibility, on-demand services, reduced total cost of ownership, reduced information technology overhead for the end-user, and many other things. It allows access to a large amount of computing power in a fully virtualized mode by aggregating a configurable pool of resources that are rapidly provisioned and released dynamically. It also provides the capability to utilize scalable, distributed computing environments within the confines of the Internet with minimal management effort while keeping a single coherent system view. Cloud computing is constantly gaining popularity in the information technology industry, and so more and more issues and challenges are emerging that need to be handled for the success of this paradigm. This paper presents an introduction of cloud computing, and a comparative study of cloud computing and grids. Furthermore, we put forward pinpoint research issues in the cloud computing paradigm and a mathematical understanding of several issues among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]