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The article focuses on the role of sweat in the pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole and griseofulvin. Griseofulvin and ketoconazole have been shown to be quickly transfered by sweat to the surface of healthy skin. This effect in normal skin is very important in treatment with both griseofulvin and ketoconazole. There is possibility of indirect transfer of these drugs to fungal lesions by sweat from, for instance, adjacent normal skin and contact with apposing skin surfaces and clothes.

We have shown that skin surface marking exists on the prickle cell layer after provocation of intra-epidermal vesiculaton with a 50"b solution of NH4OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied sweat gland distribution, density and activity in thirteen cases of granuloma annulare and ten cases of necrobiosis lipoidica, using a combination of the plastic impression and starch-iodine methods. The pattern of sweat gland disturbance in the two diseases was entirely different. In necrobiosis lipoidica an intense and uniform hypohidrosis was detected throughout the lesion, whereas in granuloma annulare the disturbance followed the morphology of the lesion (the papular border showed complete anhidrosis, whereas the flat central part of the lesion showed only moderate hypohidrosis or normal sweating). The method assigns numerical values to the ‘relative density’ and the ‘relative activity’ of the functioning sweat glands compared with normal skin, thus permitting statistical evaluation of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourteen patients with allergic cutaneous vasculitis of either the polymorphonuclear (PMN)- or the mononuclear (MN)-predominant type were studied as regards the following parameters: the disease duration, histology, monoclonal antibody typing of the mononuclear cell infiltrate from recent lesions, and the delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response, assessed both by recall antigens (tuberculin type) and the dinitrochlorohenzene skin test. From the results, it was shown that in PMN-predominant vasculitis, DH reactions were well elicited, whereas in MN-predominant vasculitis, DH skin reactions were somehow impaired. In MN-predominant cases, many OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8+, and OKM1+ cells were usually seen to surround the skin vessels, whereas in PMN-predominant cases, rare OKT8+, OKT4+, or OKM1+ cells were seen in the dermis. The epidermal dendritic cell system, as revealed by the Na134 monoclonal antibody, was unaffected in both types of allergic cutaneous vasculitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 54 cases of dermatophytosis, sweat gland disturbances and their possible mechanisms were studied. The basic perspiratory malfunction was intense hypohidrosis, with some hyperhidrotic phenomena being observed at particular points of the exanthem (margin and disc) in a few cases. It is worth noting that in 51.85% of the cases, hypohidrotic phenomena were also observed in areas of normal skin adjacent to the lesions. One of the most important forms of perspiratory disturbances was the closure of sweat ducts at the keratin level. The inflammatory process in the dermis may also affect gland function. Finally, there is a discussion of the significance of perspiratory disturbances in relation to special aspects of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Hereditary sensory neuropathies comprise a group of rare childhood diseases which are classified into four types. We present a Greek boy 11 years old with hereditary sensory neuropathy type IV (congenital sensory neuropathy with anhidrosis) whom we have followed up and studied during the last seven years. Our patient presented for the first time with recurrent hyperthermic episodes without sweating, and lack of pain sensation from the first months of life. Insensitivity to pain and thermal stimuli had resulted in burns on the extremities and self-mutilation of the tongue, lips and fingertips. When he was five and seven years old respectively he had two painless fractures of the ankles which led to insoluble orthopedic problems. He also suffered from mental retardation, which was obvious from his first years of life. Sweat gland investigations showed significant hypohidrosis or anhidrosis although the sweat glands were normal microscopically. Hereditary sensory neuropathy type IV, although rare, is important for dermatologists because it must be differentiated from other anhidrotic syndromes, and in view of the poor prognosis of the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Attempts to elucidate the pathophysiology of chronic urticaria and its relation with stress have implicated many factors among which the increased activity of the opioid system seems to be particularly interesting. Material and Methods We determined the (β-endorphin serum levels in 14 patients with chronic urticaria and 15 healthy members of the medical staff of comparable age. Results The mean β-endorphin levels of our patients (15.95 ± 2.75 pmol/1) were statistically elevated (P<0.001) compared to those of controls (8.53 ± 2.53 pmol/I). Conclusions It is suggested that the opiold system of patients with chronic urticaria is strongly activated in the chronic stage of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant increase of the mean IgA globulin value was noted in 105 patients with ordinary psoriasis whereas the mean IgG and IgM globulin levels remained normal. Thirty-two of these patients received u.v. light therapy which resulted in resolution of the skin lesions. At this stage the IgA levels fell to the normal range. The possibility of the skin eruption influencing the IgA serum levels is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of herpes gestationis with multiple attacks is reported. These attacks occurred over five years during and after three successful pregnancies, during and after three pregnancies which resulted in miscarriages, and during menstruation. The three living children did not have any skin problems. The diagnosis was substantiated, histologically and immunohistochemically. The patient was HLA DR3 positive. She was Rhesus-ve (Rh-ve) and the two first children were Rh+ ve while the third one was Rh-ve. The investigative data are discussed in relation to the possible pathogenetic factors for the diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]