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Clinical and experimental studies have been shown,that after the combined craniocerebral injury, physiological mechanisms are damaged We maintain perfusion pressure. Partially or completely disruptedShares Autoregulating the brain blood flow. In these conditions after the craniocerebral injury, the brain is not able to respond to the systemic violator Wear homeostasis. As a result, various secondary damage ariseIn the brain tissue is predominantly corridor character thatWe are curved in 80-90% of the dead patients. Is currently among the systemsviolations of homeostasis, most often as secondary damaging factors of the headthe brain. The following: hypotension, hypoxemia, sodium exchange and osmotoostomy, hypocapnia and hyperDrip, hyperthermia, extra-causal inflammatory complications, etc. [1,2,3,4,10,11]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indicators of sustainable development of the city represent the quality of the urban environment, creation of an ecofriendly urban environment is up-to-date trend of modernity. The preservation of soil fertility, the quality of land resources, their rational use, as well as the maintenance and conservation of vegetation cover are one of the indicators of the ecological aspects of sustainable development. The complex assessment of an urbanized environment state consists of condition assessments of many components, one of which is a soil cover. In the study of this component, a lot of attention was paid to microbiological research. The microbiota, the microbiological parameters of the soil cover, and its biological activity are first changed under the anthropogenic impact; so, many researchers consider them to be the most sensitive indicators of soil contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The Poincaré model for dynamics of a collisionless gas in a rectangular parallelepiped with mirror walls is considered. The question on smoothing of the density and the temperature of this gas and conditions for the monotone growth of the coarse-grained entropy are discussed. All these effects provide a new insight of the classical paradox of mixing of gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly effective self-assembly process between 2,4,6-tris(isopropyl)phenylphosphine or mesitylphosphine, formaldehyde and 1,4-bis(α-(4′-aminophenyl)isopropyl)benzene results in the formation of a novel type of heterocyclophane which is able to encapsulate organic molecules as well as being a potential ligand for transition metals inside the intramolecular cavity. Compounds of this type can be regarded as potential precursors for a new kind of molecular reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Effect of plasma modification on the sorption properties of short flax fibers for Zn(II) ions was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The paper develops an approach to the proof of the “zeroth” law of thermodynamics. The approach is based on the analysis of weak limits of solutions to the Liouville equation as time grows infinitely. A class of linear oscillating systems is indicated for which the average energy becomes eventually uniformly distributed among the degrees of freedom for any initial probability density functions. An example of such systems are sympathetic pendulums. Conditions are found for nonlinear Hamiltonian systems with finite number of degrees of freedom to converge in a weak sense to the state where the mean energies of the interacting subsystems are the same. Some issues related to statistical models of the thermostat are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The famous Lagrange identity expresses the second derivative of the moment of inertia of a system of material points through the kinetic energy and homogeneous potential energy. The paper presents various extensions of this brilliant result to the case 1) of constrained mechanical systems, 2) when the potential energy is quasi-homogeneous in coordinates and 3) of continuum of interacting particles governed by the well-known Vlasov kinetic equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Intestinal epithelium is a rapidly proliferating tissue and represents a unique model for the study of somatic stem cells. Here we summarized the data about markers, main properties, and methods of isolation of intestinal epithelial cells. Some aspects of molecular biology of the intestine are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The problem on the existence of an additional first integral of the equations of geodesics on noncompact algebraic surfaces is considered. This problem was discussed as early as by Riemann and Darboux. We indicate coarse obstructions to integrability, which are related to the topology of the real algebraic curve obtained as the line of intersection of such a surface with a sphere of large radius. Some yet unsolved problems are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The effect of chemical modification on sorption properties of soybean crush with respect to copper(II) ions was examined. The optimal parameters of soybean crush treatment with sodium monochloroacetate to ensure the maximal sorption capacity of the sorbent were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract.  The Poisson equation in two-dimensional case for a nonsmooth domain is considered. The geometrical domain has a cut (crack) where inequality type boundary conditions are imposed. A behavior of the solution near the crack tips is analyzed. In particular, estimates for the second derivatives in a weighted Sobolev space are obtained and asymptotics of the solution near crack tips is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Investigation of the dynamic characteristics of diffusion transducers is of great practical importance because of the wide utility of these devices in instruments for measuring the movement parameters and wave fields. Previously, cathode currents were the object of investigation because their difference was used as an output signal in several useful devices. In this work we investigated the amplitude and phase relationships between currents measured on both cathodes and anodes over a wide range of frequencies in a four-electrode electrochemical cell. It was shown in experiment that the sum of the currents recorded on the four electrodes of a molecular electronic cell (MEC) is zero, as follows from the condition of conservation of an electric charge. At frequencies as low as ∼0.1 Hz the frequencies of the signal currents of the anode and the nearest cathode coincided. As the frequency grew to f ∼80 Hz, the phase difference monotonously increased to values close to π. Previous theoretical models suggested, explicitly or implicitly, that the phases of the signal currents coincided over the whole range of frequencies in each anode-cathode pair. The results of the experiment were explained within the framework of the theoretical model of a four-electrode electrochemical cell, which is based on the one-dimensional equation of convective diffusion and takes into account the limited space of the cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Two-staged technology for obtaining polyclonal T cell vaccine intended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is described. Stage 1 includes antigen-dependent cultural selection of patient’s T cells and stage 2 consists in their reproduction in the needed amounts by nonspecific mitogenic stimulation. T cell vaccination induces an effective specific anti-idiotypic immune response against T cells reactive to joint antigens. Vaccine therapy significantly reduces plasma level of IFN-γ and increases IL-4 level. The results indicate immunological efficiency and safety of polyclonal T cell vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The data characterizing tolerance and efficiency of autologous bone marrow cells in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis of the liver are presented. Injection of autologous bone marrow cells was not associated with the development of adverse reactions. Cell therapy of patients with compensated cirrhosis arrested asthenic syndrome, reduced cytolysis, increased the level of serum albumin and platelet count. Ultrasonic examination revealed reduction of portal hypertension (the area of the spleen and the portal vein lumen decreased). In patients with decompensated cirrhosis, a positive response presenting as reduction of the disease severity (by 1.9 points) was observed in 48.6% cases. Positive shifts in these patients were associated with a decrease of ALT and AST levels, reduction of laboratory signs of cirrhosis, increase in platelet count, and reduction of the asthenic syndrome. Hence, therapy with autologous bone marrow cells is safe and, according to preliminary results, can be regarded as a new approach to the treatment of patients with cirrhosis of the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Starting from meta and ortho isomers of (diphenylphosphorylmethyl)anilines 2a,b, procedures were developed for the synthesis of new phosphoryl-substituted Schiff bases 3a,b serving as tridentate ligands. In alcoholic solutions, ligands 3a,b form complexes of different composition with praseodymium and neodymium nitrates. Only the M(L)2(NO3)3 complexes crystallized from solution regardless of the reactant ratio. According to the X-ray diffraction study and IR spectroscopy, one of the ligands in the complexes with ortho ligand 3b is coordinated in a bidentate fashion via the oxygen atom of the P=O group and the phenoxy oxygen atom, whereas the second ligand molecule forms a coordination bond with metal only via the phosphoryl oxygen atom. In the Pr(3a)2(NO3)3 complexes, both meta ligands 3a are involved in thebidentate O,O-coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of diffusion processes for chemical reactions is shown to describe well the main characteristics of a model reaction of reesterification. The structure of the reaction product (a heptylbenzoate molecule) and the formation of its parts are the main factors controlling the diffusion processes in this case. The processes are described within the framework of strange (anomalous) diffusion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The effect of the monomer concentration on the kinetics of cationic polymerization of piperylene in the presence of the TiCl4-trichloroacetic acid catalytic system and molecular weight of the produced polymer was studied. At high monomer concentrations, the high-molecular-weight peak related to the formation of the branched fraction appears in the molecular weight distribution curve of the produced polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The relationship between typological personality features and immune parameters was studied for the first time in healthy schoolchildren. The behavioral diversity was structured on the basis of Gray’s personality theory to evaluate in each child the activity of neurophysiological systems responsible for behavior regulation. A correlation was found between the number and functional properties of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the systems of behavioral inhibition and activation separately, which makes it possible to differentiate the roles of these two systems in neuroimmune interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Diethoxyphosphorylthioacetamide in the reaction with 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline acted as a thionating reagent, giving diethoxyphosphorylacetonitrile and 2-chloro-3-[(3-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)thio]quinoxaline. Reactions of phosphorylthioacetamides with N-methylquinoxalinium iodide in alcohol media in the presence of a base proceeded stereoselectively to afford cis-3-phosphoryl-1,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-2H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline-2-thiones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple model is proposed and tested for simulations of ceramic processing by microwave heating. The model is based on a piecewise constant approximation of the material properties and makes it possible to separate and analyse different effects caused by the sample shape and the dependence of the material properties on temperature. Specifically, the simulation results demonstrate that microwave heating of an alumina sample can be very sensitive to a variation of its dielectric constant with temperature. For different geometries, there is a similarity in the dependences of the thermal state characteristics (temperature drop across the sample, amount of dissipated power and electric field amplitude at the sample centre) on maximal temperature. It is shown also that a temperature drop between the sample centre and surface can be strongly enhanced in the case of a spherical sample irradiated symmetrically by microwaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract??The existence of a full asymptotic expansion for the heat content asymptotics of an operator of Laplace type with classical Zaremba boundary conditions on a smooth manifold is established. The first three coefficients in this asymptotic expansion are determined in terms of geometric invariants; partial information is obtained about the fourth coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  We studied hemopoiesis-and immunopoiesis-restoring activity of small intestinal epitheliocytes in lethally irradiated mice. The populations of peripheral blood cells and parameters of humoral and cellular immune response in lethally irradiated mice returned to normal 6 months after transplantation of cells from the small intestinal epithelial layer. Study of the distribution of intestinal cells in the body after transplantation showed longterm persistence of the donor cells in tissues of lethally irradiated animals. These data attest to high hemopoietic potential of small intestinal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  We studied the safety and efficiency of transplantation of autologous bone marrow cells in complex therapy of patients with spinal cord injury in the late period of the disease. In control group patients, meningomyeloradiculolis was performed, while in the main group surgical treatment was supplemented by transplantation of autologous bone marrow cells. Transplantation of BM stem cells into the cyst cavity and intravenously was well tolerated, did not cause allergic or inflammatory reactions in the early and delayed periods after surgery, and did not induce the formation of ossification foci in the nervous tissue. Analysis of the neurological status by ASIA, Bartel, and Ashworth scales showed that in the main group the positive clinical dynamics was more often observed than in the control. The decrease in neurological deficit included improvement of sensory and motor activity and conducting sensory function. Thus, transplantation of autologous bone marrow cells can be a novel safe strategy for the treatment of patients in the late period after spinal trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The influence of enzymatic modification on the sorption properties of a short flax fiber with respect to the Cu(II) ions was examined. The optimal parameters were determined for treatment of natural cellulose-containing sorbent with various enzymatic preparations, B1mix, NCE, and protease, which affords the maximal sorption capacity of the sorbent and the shortest time required for establishment of equilibrium. IR spectroscopy was applied to examine changes in the structure of the substrate via rupture of inter-and intramolecular bonds in its constituent biopolymers under the action of the enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  A route instrument for measuring small concentrations of gases which uses as the radiation source a semiconductor laser diode with an asymmetrical quantum-dimensional heterostructure is considered. Optoelectronic recirculation simultaneously at two optical wavelengths is achieved in the system, which enables the accuracy of route measurements of the concentration of gases to be achieved and also enables the length of the monitored route to be measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Additions of 2-methyl-1-butene or 2-methyl-2-butene to a monomer mixture with piperylene were tested as means for controlling the molecular parameters of cationic oligopiperylene prepared with the TiCl4-H2O catalytic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is argued that the experimental results presented by Paris et al in J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. (2005) 38 3894 are correct. It is shown that there is no evidence of filamentation or local electric field reinforcement in discharge. It is discussed that reaction scheme and rate constants for deactivation of excited nitrogen ion proposed by Pancheshnyi in his Comment must be specified for conditions corresponding to the experiment carried out by Paris et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied quantitative and functional parameters of bone marrow stem cells and mature lymphocyte population under conditions of impaired innervation in patients with injuries to the cervical and thoracic portions of the spinal cord. Our findings indicated the absence of deficiency of quantitative and proliferative potentials of stem cells and demonstrated intact subpopulation structure of mature lymphocytes and T-cell proliferative activity similar to that in donors. The content of CD34+ cells in patients did not differ from that in donors. The percentage of CD34+CD38− hemopoietic stem cells was elevated in patients, presumably due to increased proliferative activity of hemopoietic stem cells. The possibility of derivation and in vitro culturing of fibroblast-like cells with mesenchymal stem cell phenotype was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the symplectic geometry of linear Hamiltonian systems with nondegenerate Hamiltonians. These systems can be reduced to linear second-order differential equations characteristic of linear oscillation theory. This reduction is related to the problem on the signatures of restrictions of quadratic forms to Lagrangian planes. We study vortex symplectic planes invariant with respect to linear Hamiltonian systems. These planes are determined by the solutions of quadratic matrix equations of a special form. New conditions for gyroscopic stabilization are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed experimental study on the formation of crossflow vortex mode packets and their high-frequency secondary instability in a swept-wing boundary layer was carried out. Stationary vortex packets are most likely to be generated under natural flight conditions and transition to turbulence is quickest within these disturbances. In the present experiments, different methods of controlled excitation are used so that the crossflow vortex packets are generated by surface-roughness elements and by localized continuous suction. It is found that as the stationary disturbance reaches a significant amplitude, of about 10% of the free-stream velocity, while being below the saturation level, high-frequency secondary instabilities start to grow. Influence of the crossflow vortex packet magnitude on the development of the secondary instability is investigated in detail and below its threshold the crossflow vortex packet was found to be nearly neutrally stable. By studying the unstable packets, the frequency of natural secondary perturbations was identified and the travelling disturbances were forced in a controlled manner by periodic blowing–suction applied locally under the stationary vortex. Two modes of secondary instability were found to develop and the preferred mode was dependent on the properties of the primary stationary disturbance. Additionally, the underlying physics of the process of nonlinear formation and development of the vortices in the boundary layer is clarified. It was observed that the large-amplitude co-rotating vortices may interact, thus reducing their amplitude. Also a large-scale excitation by an isolated roughness element produced two individual stationary crossflow vortex packets at its tips, each with different preferred secondary instability modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The chemical and phase compositions, the structure, and the mechanical and tribological properties of titanium surface layers modified by high-intensity aluminum ion implantation with the use of a Raduga-5 vacuum-arc ion beam and plasma flow source are investigated. Ion-alloyed titanium surface layers that contain finely dispersed discrete intermetallic phases TiAl and Ti3Al, as well as a solid solution of aluminum in titanium, are produced. An increase in the dose of implanted ions from 2.2 × 1017 to 2.2 × 1018 ions/cm2 leads to an increase in the thickness of the ion-alloyed titanium layer (from 0.4 to 2.6 µm) and in the mean sizes of intermetallic-phase grains (from 20 to 70 nm) and their conglomerates (from 71 to 584 nm). It is shown that the implantation of aluminum ions into titanium results in a considerable increase in the microhardness and the wear resistance of the materials. The maximum microhardness is observed for the titanium sample implanted with aluminum ions at an irradiation dose of 2.2 × 1018 ions/cm2. The inference is made that the structure and phase composition of the ion-alloyed titanium layers affect their mechanical and tribological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microdischarges (MDs) of filamentary barrier discharges (BDs) in air and N2/O2 gas mixtures at atmospheric pressure were investigated using the techniques of spatially resolved cross-correlation spectroscopy (CCS) and short exposure time photography (ICCD-camera). The BDs were generated in symmetric discharge cells (configuration of the type ‘glass–glass’) with two semi-spherical electrodes in order to localize the repetitive MDs at a fixed position. In the case of CCS measurements, the MD development was imaged through spatio-temporal distributions of the radiation intensity of the (0–0) transition of the 2nd positive system of molecular nitrogen (λ = 337 nm). Two-dimensional optical scanning of the MD channel (in the axial and radial directions of the MD) was carried out for a BD operated in a gas mixture consisting of 6 vol% O2 and 94 vol% N2. This gas composition had been found to provide the extremely high stability of the discharge that was necessary for the time-consuming scanning procedure. In the middle of the gap, the MD channel diameter was found to be about 0.3 mm and to expand towards both electrodes. With dielectrics, outward propagating discharges were observed. Short exposure time photos of the MDs taken using an ICCD-camera under the same experimental conditions as for the CCS measurements revealed a branched structure of these discharges on the surfaces, not only on the cathode but on the anode as well. The influence of voltage amplitude on the spatio-temporal distribution of individual MDs of a BD in air was investigated using the CCS-instrument operated in a so-called ‘direct start–stop’ mode which enabled statistical analysis of the MD sequences within a time range of about 30 µs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The techniques of spatially resolved cross-correlation spectroscopy (CCS) and current pulse oscillography were used to carry out systematic investigations of the barrier discharge (BD) in the binary gas mixtures N2/O2 at atmospheric pressure. At very low oxygen concentrations (<500 ppm), the BD was observed in a so-called diffuse mode (also referred to as atmospheric pressure glow discharge, glow silent discharge or homogeneous BD). In the case of the BD filamentary mode, the spatio-temporal distributions of the BD radiation intensities were recorded for the spectral bands of the 0–0 transitions of the second positive (λ = 337 nm) and first negative system of molecular nitrogen (λ = 391 nm). In the case of the diffuse mode, the spectral bands λ = 337 nm, λ = 260 nm (0–3 transition of the γ-system of NO) and λ = 557 nm (radiation of ON2 excimer) were used for this purpose. The velocities of the cathode-directed ionizing waves as well as the effective lifetimes of the excited states [inline image] and [inline image] were evaluated from the CCS data. Special attention was devoted to the investigation of the transition between the filamentary and diffuse modes of the BD, this transition being caused by the variation of oxygen content within the range 500–1000 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In many countries, different points of view concerning the advantages of one or another technology for generating electricity are now encountered in the course of developing a strategy for increasing power production. The advantages and drawbacks of coal- and gas-burning and other types of power plants are discussed. Analysis of the possible development of nuclear power is given prominent place in the discussions. China, Finland, and India have now assigned an important role for the construction of new nuclear power plants in their energy programs. In other countries, discussions are continuing. In the present paper, the data on the construction of power plants abroad are used as a basis to extrapolate the basic factors influencing the profitability and competitiveness of various designs and to determine the role of Russian nuclear power in the competition on foreign markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In many countries, different points of view concerning the advantages of one or another technology for generating electricity are now encountered in the course of developing a strategy for increasing power production. The advantages and drawbacks of coal- and gas-burning and other types of power plants are discussed. Analysis of the possible development of nuclear power is given prominent place in the discussions. China, Finland, and India have now assigned an important role for the construction of new nuclear power plants in their energy programs. In other countries, discussions are continuing. In the present paper, the data on the construction of power plants abroad are used as a basis to extrapolate the basic factors influencing the profitability and competitiveness of various designs and to determine the role of Russian nuclear power in the competition on foreign markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A lateral bipolar magnetotransistor with a base formed in a well (BMTBW) with external connection of the base with the well is studied by means of equipment and technological modelling. It is shown that in the optimized BMBTW structure there is formation of charge carrier flows and their volumetric recombination that changes under the action of a magnetic field. The choice of structural parameter and BMTBW operating scheme makes it possible to increase the relative sensitivity with respect to current and to improve the p-n-junction isolation of the instrument in micromagnetoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]