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Abstract Cleaning action and surfactant properties of a series of alkyl glucosides, having high detergent power, emulsifying capacity, and biodegradability and low foaming capacity, were studied. The effects of various factors on the cleaning action of the surfactants and compositions on them were investigated, allowing prediction of the cleaning effect on the basis of data on physicochemical characteristics of the solutions and process parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A procedure for determining the magnetization of a ferrofluid from the shift of 1H NMR signal of the solvent by rotating a sample having the shape of an oblate ellipsoid is suggested. The possibility of using the NMR spectroscopy for evaluating the size of magnetite particles and for examining the distribution of the local magnetization of the ferrofluid in a magnetic field is analyzed. The NMR method is compared with the classical Gouy technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Kinetics of cleansing action of sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate-sodium carbonate binary solutions, as the most widely used components of synthetic detergents, is studied using the procedure based on direct determination of the weight fraction of pollutants removed from the fabric. The effective kinetic parameters of the cleansing process are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we report a phenomenon of the self-formation of nanostructure arrays during low-energy inductively coupled argon plasma treatment of the surface of copper indium gallium diselenide films grown by different methods on glass substrates. Selenization, pulsed laser deposition and multistage co-evaporation technological methods were used for the growth of polycrystalline CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.45) films. The plasma treatment of the surface of the films grown by all three methods resulted in the plasma-assisted self-formation of arrays of uniform cylindrical or conical nanostructures with the surface density of (0.8–1.8) × 1011 cm−2. Using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we describe the morphological parameters and chemical composition of the fabricated nanostructures and discuss possible physical mechanisms of the observed plasma-assisted nanostructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a nonequlibrium plasma of a gas-discharge HgBr lamp, the terminal electronic state of the HgBr(B–X) radiative transition with a peak wavelength of 502 nm remains populated for a relatively long time and is repeatedly excited to the B state in collisions with plasma electrons. This transfer of the HgBr molecules from the ground state X to the excited state B is the main mechanism of formation of the light-emitting molecules especially when the lamp is excited by double current pulses. According to our simulations, due to the electron-induced transitions between HgBr(X) and HgBr(B), the output characteristics of the DBD lamp operating in a double-pulse regime are better than those of the lamp operating in a single-pulse regime. In the considered case, the peak power is calculated to increase by a factor of about 2 and the lamp efficiency increases by about 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the investigations of the sputtering process of (111) oriented single crystals of PbTe with excess tellurium (4 at.%) in RF high-density low-pressure inductively coupled argon plasma. An increase of 1.6 times the sputtering rate of lead telluride in comparison with the classical case of single-crystal state with a slight deviation from stoichiometry is shown and the explanation of the results is carried out based on the analysis of the crystal point defects. The active sputtering is used in a new approach to form lead telluride nanostructures on oxidized Si substrates via the vapour–liquid–solid (VLS) redeposition mechanism, and the fabrication of PbTe nanocones, nanocubes and nanowires with various geometrical parameters is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]