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Field experiments were conducted during 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to study the effect of staggered sowing on photosynthetic parameters, heat use efficiency and the productivity of barley (Hordium vulgare L.) in relation to different cutting management. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three sowing dates (October 15, October 30 and November 15) in main plots and five cutting management [un-cut (control), cut at 50 days after sowing (DAS), cut at 60 DAS, cut at 50 DAS + additional 15 kg N ha-1 after cut (N15) and cut at 60 DAS + additional 15 kg N ha-1 after cut (N15)] in sub plots, replicated four times. The results indicated that photosynthetic parameters (PAR interception, chlorophyll index and normalized difference vegetation index) decreased significantly and progressively with each delay in sowing. Heat use efficiency and helio thermal use efficiency of October 15 and October 30 sown crops were statistically similar. Delay in sowing caused significant reduction in fodder, grain and biological yield of barley probably due to significant reduction in photosynthetic parameters. Nitrogen application after fodder cut improved the chlorophyll index, whereas, cutting did not influence the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI).Un-cut crop recorded higher PAR interception. Significantly higher heat use efficiency and helio thermal use efficiency were recorded in uncut crop. Un-cut and fodder cut at 50 DAS produced similar grain and biological yield and significantly higher than other cutting treatments. Cut at 60 DAS gave higher fodder yield but at the cost of 9.43-18.3 per cent reduction in grain yield than cut at 50 DAS.Correlation studies indicated significant positive correlation of grain yield with photosynthetic parameters, emphasizing the importance of higher growth and photosynthetic rate during reproductive period for best yield accrual from barley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was carried out during winter season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at the research farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana with the objective of finding out optimum time of sowing and suitable cutting management for higher productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sowing early on October 15 recorded significantly higher plant height, number of tillers/m2 and dry matter accumulation. Significantly higher grain and biological yields were obtained in early sowing (i.e. October 15). The highest amount of water was used in early sowing (i.e. October 15) and minimum in late sowing (i.e. November 15). Water use efficiency in October 15 and October 30 sown crops was statistically similar during first year. But during second year, water use efficiency of October 30 and November 15 crops was statistically at par with each other. Un-cut crop recorded significantly higher plant height and dry matter accumulation. Significantly higher number of tillers/m2 at 90 DAS was in un-cut, while at 120 DAS, number of tillers in un-cut was statistically at par with the fodder cut at 50 DAS + additional 15 kg N ha-1 after fodder cut (N15). Fodder cut at 50 DAS and un-cut produced similar grain and biological yields. However, the cutting can be delayed up to 60 DAS to get more production of green fodder (40.5 to 41.8% than that at 50 DAS) but at the cost of 20.6-22.7% reduction in grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People are adopting various meditation techniques to make themselves comfortable in their daily routines. These practices which came from rich traditions are investigated in scientific framework. This paper examined the effects of meditation on human brain. These scientific investigations on meditation practices have attracted a lot of researchers across the globe. In this research human behaviour is recorded, examined and investigated before and after meditation intervention. This paper describes the influence of meditation on the brain signals to improve mental health. In this paper Nexus machine was used for recording of data and LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) and SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software tools were used to implement the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes soft computing technique Big Bang-Big Crunch (BBBC) to address the main issue of deployment of wireless sensor networks. Deployment is the main factor that significantly affects the performance of the wireless sensor network. This approach maximizes the coverage area of the given set of sensors. We implemented our approach in MATLAB and compared it with ABC approach and found that the proposed approach is much better than the said approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blanket fertilizer nitrogen (N) recommendations for large irrigated transplanted rice tracts lead to low N use-efficiency (NUE) due to field-to-field variability in soil N supply and seasonal variability in yield. To achieve high NUE, a fertilizer N management strategy based on visible and near-infrared spectral response from plant canopies using a GreenSeeker™ optical sensor was evaluated. Seven field experiments were conducted during 2005-2007 at two locations in the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia to define relationships between in-season sensor measurements at panicle initiation (PI) stage and up to 2 weeks later, and yield of rice. During 2006-2010, seven field experiments were conducted to assess the sensor-based N management strategy and to work out the prescriptive N management to be followed prior to applying sensor-guided fertilizer dose. During 2010 and 2011, the sensor- based N management strategy was evaluated versus farmers' fertilizer practice at 19 on-farm locations. Relationships with R values 0.51 (n = 131), 0.45 (n = 74) and 0.49 (n = 131), respectively, were observed between in-season sensor-based estimates of yield at 42 (PI stage), 49 and 56 days after transplanting of rice and actual grain yield of rice. Applications of 30 kg N ha at transplanting and 45 kg N ha at active tillering stage were found to be the appropriate prescriptive strategy before applying the GreenSeeker-guided dose at PI stage. Sensor-guided N management resulted in similar grain yields as the blanket rate farmer practice, but with reduced N rates, i.e. greater recovery efficiency (by 5.5-21.7 %) and agronomic efficiency [by 4.7-11.7 kg grain (kg N applied)]. This study revealed that high yields coupled with high NUE in transplanted rice can be achieved by replacing blanket fertilizer recommendation by an optical sensor-based N management strategy consisting of applying a moderate amount of fertilizer N at transplanting and enough fertilizer N to meet the high N demand during the period between active tillering and PI before applying a sensor-guided fertilizer N dose at PI stage of rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widespread antenatal screening has resulted in increased detection of anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. The present guidelines update the recommendations published in 2000. Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is transient and resolves by the third trimester in almost one‑half cases. The presence of oligohydramnios and additional renal or extrarenal anomalies suggests significant pathology. All patients with ANH should undergo postnatal ultrasonography; the intensity of subsequent evaluation depends on anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the renal pelvis and/or Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grading. Patients with postnatal APD exceeding 10 mm and/or SFU grade 3‑4 should be screened for upper or lower urinary tract obstruction and vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). Infants with VUR should receive antibiotic prophylaxis through the first year of life, and their parents counseled regarding the risk of urinary tract infections. The management of patients with pelviureteric junction or vesicoureteric junction obstruction depends on clinical features and results of sequential ultrasonography and radionuclide renography. Surgery is considered in patients with increasing renal pelvic APD and/or an obstructed renogram with differential renal function <35‑40% or its subsequent decline. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role of prenatal intervention, frequency of follow‑up investigations and indications for surgery in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Secondary cardiac injury has been demonstrated in critical illness and is associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to establish the existence of trauma-induced secondary cardiac injury, and investigate its impact on outcomes in injured patients. Methods: Injured adult patients eligible for enrolment in the Activation of Coagulation and Inflammation in Trauma 2 study, and admitted to the intensive care unit between January 2008 and January 2010, were selected retrospectively for the study. Markers of cardiac injury (brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and troponin I) were measured on admission, and after 24 and 72 h in blood samples from injured patients. Individual records were reviewed for adverse cardiac events and death. Results: During the study period, 135 patients were enrolled (106 male, 78·5 per cent) with a median age of 40 (range 16-89) years. Eighteen patients (13·3 per cent) had an adverse cardiac event during admission and these events were not associated with direct thoracic injury. The in-hospital mortality rate was higher among the adverse cardiac event cohort: 44 per cent (8 of 18) versus 17·1 per cent (20 of 117) ( P = 0·008). Raised levels of H-FABP and BNP at 0, 24 and 72 h, and troponin I at 24 and 72 h, were associated with increased adverse cardiac events. BNP levels were higher in non-survivors on admission (median 550 versus 403 fmol/ml; P = 0·022), after 24 h (794 versus 567 fmol/ml; P = 0·033) and after 72 h (1043 versus 753 fmol/ml; P = 0·036), as were admission troponin I levels. Conclusion: Clinical and cardiac biomarker characteristics support the existence of trauma-induced secondary cardiac injury, which is associated with death, and unrelated to direct thoracic injury. Copyright © 2012 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare short and medium-term prognosis in South Asian and Caucasian patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to determine if there are ethnic differences in case death rates. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting A cardiology referral centre in east London. Patients 9771 patients who underwent PCI from October 2003 to December 2007 of whom 7966 (81.5%) were Caucasian and 1805 (18.5%) were South Asian. Main outcome measures In-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE; death, myocardial infarction, stroke and target vessel revascularisation), subsequent revascularisation rates (PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting; CABG) and all-cause mortality during a median follow-up of 2.5 years (range 1.5-3.6 years). Results South Asian patients were younger than Caucasian patients (59.69±0.27 vs 64.69±0.13 years, p<0.0001), and more burdened by cardiovascular risk factors, particularly type II diabetes mellitus (45.9%±1.2% vs 15.7%±0.4%, p<0.0001). The in-hospital rates of MACE were similar for South Asians and Caucasians (3.5% vs 2.8%, p=0.40). South Asians had higher rates of clinically driven PCI for restenosis and subsequent CABG, although Kaplan-Meier estimates of all-cause mortality showed no significant differences; this was regardless of whether PCI was performed post-acute coronary syndrome or as an elective procedure. The adjusted hazard of death for South Asians compared with Caucasians was 1.00 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.23). Conclusion In this large PCI cohort, the in-hospital and longer-term mortality of South Asians appeared no worse than that of Caucasians. South Asians had higher rates of restenosis and CABG during follow-up. Data suggest that the excess coronary mortality for South Asians compared with Caucasians is not explained by differences in case-fatality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare short and medium-term prognosis in South Asian and Caucasian patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to determine if there are ethnic differences in case death rates. Design Retrospective cohort study Setting A cardiology referral centre in east London Patients 9771 patients who underwent PCI from October 2003 to December 2007 of whom 7966 (81.5%) were Caucasian and 1805 (18.5%) were South Asian Main outcome measures In-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE; death, myocardial infarction, stroke and target vessel revascularisation), subsequent revascularisation rates (PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting; CABG) and all-cause mortality during a median follow-up of 2.5 years (range 1.5e3.6 years Results South Asian patients were younger than Caucasian patients (59.6960.27 vs 64.6960.13 years, p<0.0001), and more burdened by cardiovascular risk factors, particularly type II diabetes mellitus (45.9%6 1.2% vs 15.7%60.4%, p<0.0001). The in-hospital rates of MACE were similar for South Asians and Caucasians (3.5% vs 2.8%, p¼0.40). South Asians had higher rates of clinically driven PCI for restenosis and subsequent CABG, although KaplaneMeier estimates of all-cause mortality showed no significant differences; this was regardless of whether PCI was performed post-acute coronary syndrome or as an elective procedure. The adjusted hazard of death for South Asians compared with Caucasians was 1.00 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.23 Conclusion In this large PCI cohort, the in-hospital and longer-term mortality of South Asians appeared no worse than that of Caucasians. South Asians had higher rates of restenosis and CABG during follow-up. Data suggest that the excess coronary mortality for South Asians compared with Caucasians is not explained by differences in case-fatality rates [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near isogenic lines (NILs) varying for alleles for reduced height (Rht) and photoperiod insensitivity (Ppd-D1a) in a cvar Mercia background (rht (tall), Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1c, Rht8c+Ppd-D1a, Rht-D1c, Rht12) were compared at a field site in Berkshire, UK, but within different systems (‘organic’, O, in 2005/06, 2006/07 and 2007/08 growing seasons v. ‘conventional’, C, in 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08 and 2008/09). In 2007 and 2008, further NILs (rht (tall), Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1c, Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b, Rht-D1b+Rht-B1c) in both Maris Huntsman and Maris Widgeon backgrounds were added. The contrasting systems allowed NILs to be tested in diverse rotational and agronomic, but commercially relevant, contexts, particularly with regard to the assumed temporal distribution of nitrogen availability, and competition from weeds.For grain, nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE; grain dry matter (DM) yield/available N; where available N=fertilizer N+soil mineral N), recovery of N in the grain (grain N yield/available N), N utilization efficiency to produce grain (NUtEg; grain DM yield/above-ground crop N yield), N harvest index (grain N yield/above-ground crop N yield) and dry matter harvest index (DMHI; grain DM yield/above-ground crop DM yield) all peaked at final crop heights of 800–950 mm. Maximum NUE occurred at greater crop heights in the organic system than in the conventional system, such that even adding just a semi-dwarfing allele (Rht-D1b) to the shortest background, Mercia, reduced NUE in the organic system. The mechanism of dwarfing (gibberellin sensitive or insensitive) made little difference to the relationship between NUE and its components with crop height.For above-ground biomass: dwarfing alleles had a greater effect on DM accumulation compared with N accumulation such that all dwarfing alleles could reduce nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE; crop DM yield/crop N yield). This was particularly evident at anthesis in the conventional system when there was no significant penalty for severe dwarfism for N accumulation, despite a 3-tonne (t)/ha reduction in biomass compared to the tallest lines. Differences between genotypes for recovery of N in the grain were thus mostly a function of net N uptake after anthesis rather than of remobilized N. This effect was compounded as dwarfing, except when coupled with Ppd-D1a, was associated with delayed anthesis. In the organic experiments there was greater reliance on N accumulated before anthesis, and genotype effects on NUE were confounded with effects on N accumulated by weeds, which was negatively associated with crop height. Optimum height for maximizing wheat NUE and its components, as manipulated by Rht alleles, thus depend on growing system, and crop utilization (i.e. biomass or grain production). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Indian banking industry has undergone qualitative changes due to banking sector reforms where the well-known parameters have thoroughly changed. The entry of new private sector banks into the Indian banking industry has brought in a torrent of new challenges for Public Sector Banks (PSBs) at a time when they are fighting to survive in this highly competitive environment. Due to this new emerging competition, all Indian banks, especially PSBs, are trying their best to improve their performance and preparing to compete in the emerging global market. In this context, there is a need to examine the efficiency of banks operating in India. This paper is an attempt to study the efficiency of Indian commercial banks during the period 1997-98 to 2007-08. The paper concludes that profitability and productivity were much higher in the case of new private sector banks and foreign banks as compared to Indian PSBs. Even the liquidity position of the new private sector and foreign banks was also sound as compared to their counterparts. This paper suggests some possible measures to improve the efficiency of PSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper examines the productivity and profitability in pre and post e-banking periods and highlights the emerging issues and new strategies to enhance the performance of bank groups in today's liberalized, globalized and IT era. The paper concludes that though there is a paradigm shift in the performance of all bank groups in the post e-banking period, new private sector banks and foreign banks have an edge over Public Sector Banks (PSBs). The fully IT-oriented banks have become both a threat and a motivation for the PSBs. The paper stresses on customer-centricism, proficiency in managing assets, technology, skilled staff, transparency, human resource management policies, customer relationship management, and merger and acquisition policies as vital factors to enhance the performance of banks to face the emerging global competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the trends and growth in the retail portfolio of various bank groups. The variations have been calculated for the year 2008 over 2007. The study finds that among the retail loans, housing loans and auto loans occupy prominent places. On the basis of certain parameters like cash-deposit ratio, deposit pattern of scheduled commercial banks, banks' group-wise lending to sensitive sectors, lending to sensitive sectors by Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs), sectoral deployment of gross bank credit, and retail portfolio of banks, the paper prepares some strategies to enhance retail banking in India. Some such vital strategies are advanced technology to capture remote area customers, skilled manpower, market research in intelligent ways, credit quality techniques, universal banking, and human factors delivering banking services to the customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's major problem of all the banks is how best to utilize their funds to earn maximum income with the reduction in costs so as to compete and survive in the emerging global competitive environment. The commercial banks mobilize a major part of their funds through deposits and borrowings, with deposits having a dominating share. These funds are disbursed in investments and advances to get returns in the form of interest and dividends. The present paper deals with cost-benefit analysis of bank funds and concludes that the public sector banks and private sector banks are the beneficiary to mobilize funds through borrowings rather than go for public deposits as the cost of borrowings is almost half the cost of deposits. Similarly, in the case of utilization of these funds, the public sector banks are the beneficiary if they concentrate more on investments in different instruments rather than disburse loans to their customers as return on investments is higher, but foreign banks and private sector banks get more returns on advances; hence, they are at an advantage if they disburse loans rather than invest elsewhere. Correlation coefficient among cost of funds and return is positive and significant in almost all the bank groups. Finally, the paper comments on the present policies of the banks and suggests some future strategies for the management of funds to increase income and reduce cost thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing employment and dependence on technology has led to a hindrance in the development of the individual's skills. However, IT is only an aid to human efforts not a substitute thereof. IT has resulted in improvement in banks performance and it is a core competitive factor of bank transformation. The paper concludes that skilled and efficient labour is a crucial factor to manage the recent bank transformation. The present position of HRM in banks demands, appropriate human resource strategies, policies and practices to achieve organizational goals. The paper also studies the impact of downsizing (with the help of various statistical tools) on business efficiency, operational efficiency and labour cost. Downsizing of employees in the banking sector is significantly high but negatively correlated with the labour efficiency, operational efficiency and labour cost. On the basis of results, the paper suggests some policies and strategies to manage recent bank transformation through effective HRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of fixed-dose combinations is a widespread clinical practice in the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. These fixed-dose combinations are valuable only when they have been developed based on sound rational pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic criteria, and when claims for their benefits have been supported by evidence-based data and well-designed clinical studies. However, a look at the available fixed-dose combinations reveals that there are combinations which do not meet these basic criteria, and hence their clinical benefit is debatable. In this context, several stakeholders have put forward their views on the rationality of some of the fixed-dose combinations. The situation has become more complicated as there are very limited reports to assess and describe the rationality of fixed-dose combinations on an individual basis. In the present study, a thorough evaluation of 44 fixed-dose combinations used in various cardiovascular disorders using comprehensive criteria has been completed. This evaluation has demonstrated that a large number of fixed-dose combinations are rational, based on the criteria used. Finally, there seems to be enough reason to re-investigate six of them, which did not match the criteria as well as others. These six combinations could be the subject of study by the clinicians and/or pharmaceutical companies to assess their clinical benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to recent UK guidelines on the management of lung cancer, all cases should be reviewed prospectively by a lung cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) and a thoracic surgeon should be readily available to liaise with the MDT. However, there is a shortage of thoracic surgeons in the UK. Over a one-year period, 28 MDT meetings were held at a district general hospital in Southend, at which 62 patients were presented to a tertiary cardiothoracic centre in London, 80 km away, via ISDN videoconferencing at 384 kbit/s. The annual resection rate increased by 30% following the introduction of the telemedicine MDT meetings, and the mean time from first being seen in the clinic to surgery was reduced from 69 to 54 days. We estimate that the telemedicine meetings saved over three working weeks of thoracic surgical time during the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentinel node biopsy has become an integral part of staging metastatic spread from neoplasia such as malignant melanoma and breast cancer. This study aims to optimize localization of sentinel node(s) in patients with primary melanoma by improved pre-operative measurement of their position. Forty-three patients with primary melanoma underwent sentinel node biopsy. Pre-operatively, patients underwent assessment of their sentinel nodes including depth measurements using lymphoscintigraphy and ultrasound. At the time of operation, the sentinel node was identified using blue dye injected into the site of the primary melanoma as well as by application of the gamma probe. The blinded observer noted the depth of the node. Pre-operative and operative sentinel node depth measurements were compared to assess the accuracy of the predicted depth. The results showed a good correlation between the predicted and actual depth measurements. Pre-operative assessment of depth is therefore a reliable means of predicting sentinel node depth. This provides useful information for the surgeon in identifying nodes, especially where there are multiple sentinel nodes or when nodes appear in unexpected sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To assess the early results of combined coronary artery bypass graft surgery and carotid endarterectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective and ongoing analysis of patients who underwent combined coronary artery bypass graft surgery and carotid endarterectomy. SETTING: Cardiothoracic unit in a London teaching hospital. PATIENTS: From June 1987 to March 1995, 64 patients were identified. They were patients who were scheduled to have coronary artery bypass graft surgery or required urgent coronary revascularisation and who were found to have significant coexistent carotid disease. (Unilateral carotid stenosis > 70%, bilateral carotid stenosis > 50%, or unilateral carotid stenosis > 50% with contralateral occlusion.) INTERVENTIONS: Both procedures were performed during one anaesthesia: the carotid endarterectomy was performed first without cardiopulmonary bypass. After completion of carotid endarterectomy, coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and myocardial infarction in the early postoperative period was analysed. RESULTS: Myocardial revascularisation was successful in all 64 patients. There were no perioperative infarcts. In three patients (4.7%) a new neurological deficit developed postoperatively: two recovered fully before hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Combined coronary artery bypass graft surgery and carotid endarterectomy were performed safely and with good results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Plasma and uterine tissue concentrations of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) were estimated following their intrauterine administration during the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle in apparently healthy, non-lactating, Murrah buffaloes (4-8 years of age). Both TMP and SMZ were found to be absorbed quickly from the uterine lumen and excreted quite rapidly from the blood circulation. Uterine tissue levels of the drugs were several times higher than the corresponding plasma levels. The drugs were also detectable for longer durations in uterine tissue than in plasma. Both TMP and SMZ were found in effective concentrations in uterine tissue for about 12 hours at the lower dose (0.4 g TMP plus 2 g SMZ) and for about 24 hours at the higher dose (0.8 g TMP plus 4g SMZ), indicating that the drug combination should be repeated at 12-24 hours interval, depending upon the dose, for intrauterine therapy in buffaloes. Since the levels of the drugs were higher during the luteal phase, it is suggested that the drug combination be preferably administered during this phase of the oestrous cycle. Zusammenfassung Verteilung einer Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazol-Kombination nach intrauteriner Verabreichung bei Büffeln: Die Konzentrationen von Trimethoprim (TMP) und Sulphamethoxazol (SMZ) im Plasma und Uterus-Gewebe wurden nach deren intrauteriner Verabreichung während der Follikel- und Lutealphase des Brunstzyklus bei gesunden, nicht laktierenden Murrah-Büffeln (Alter: 4-8 Jahre) ermittelt. Sowohl TMP als auch SMZ wurden anscheinend rasch aus dem Uteruslumen absorbiert und schnell aus dem Blutkreislauf eliminiert. Die Konzentrationen der Medikamente im Uterusgewebe waren mehrfach höher als die betreffenden Plasmakonzentrationen. Die Medikamente waren zudem im Uterusgewebe länger nachweisbar als im Plasma. Sowohl TMP als auch SMZ wurden bei der niedrigen Dosierung (0,4 g TMP plus 2 g SMZ) ungefähr für 12 h in effektiver Konzentration im Uterusgewebe gefunden, während dies bei hoher Dosierung (0,8 g TMP plus 4 g SMZ) ungefähr 24 h lang der Fall war. Damit sollte die Verabreichung des Kombinationspräparates in Abhängigkeit von der Dosis für die intrauterine Therapie bei Büffeln im Abstand von 12-24 h wiederholt werden. Da die Konzentrationen der Medikamente während der Lutealphase im Vergleich zur Follikelphase höher waren, wird vorgeschlagen, das betreffende Kombinationspräparat vor allem während der Lutealphase des Brunstzyklus zu verabreichen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional role of the scaphoid in stabilising the wrist joint is discussed and the literature on scaphoid dislocations reviewed.A case of isolated dislocation of the scaphoid has been presented with the salient diagnostic features and preferred line of management which includes percutaneous Kirschner-wire fixation to ensure maintenance of the reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Examines the effect of the imperfect mobility of goods on international risk sharing, investment in risky projects, welfare and growth. Evidence for the empirical mobility of goods; Effect of financial integration on welfare and growth; Analysis of the equilibrium for different parameter values.

A term twin pregnancy with a complete hydatidiform mole and a normal live fetus is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of topical sodium cromolycate and medrysone was evaluated in 38 patients suffering from atopic keratoconjunctivitis. It was found that medrysone (1%) signifmntly improved the symptoms of itching, watering. photophobia and hyperaemia, while sodium cromoglycate (2%) was found to be ineffective. Tear prostaglandin E2 and histamine levels did not decrease significantly after sodium cromoglycate therapy. The findings of the present study reveal that sodium cromoglycate has no significant role in the management of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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