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This article explores through perspectives of rhetorical criticism the stories of two rivals planting their national flags in unexplored territories. Whereas the American flag on the Moon proved American technological superiority over the U.S.S.R.'s, the Russian flag in the Arctic can be seen as a political move by President Putin to recreate the lost grandeur of the Soviet Union and reenact the Cold War to revive his political support at home. By doing so and recording their exploits, the two actors created national narratives that go beyond the simple performance of erecting a flag; these images construct an affectual nationalist identity through elites' performance of flag planting, and mass media's staging of these political events as a "spectacle." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the doctrine of territorial incorporation and the unintended consequences from judicially extending constitutional citizenship in the U.S. Topics discussed are validity of the Insular Cases while shifting to protect local culture, status of territorial citizenship, the jus solis argument, right to citizenship as a means that binds the Union as demonstrated in Fitisemanu v. U.S. and as an extension of the 14th Amendment, and association as an alternative to the status quo.

The author replies to historian Paul Kramer's criticism of his argument that historians should consider all land under U.S. jurisdiction as part of the U.S. and therefore as part of its history. Topics discussed include Kramer's objection to the concept of the Greater U.S., the importance and centrality of territorial empire, and the desire to incorporate scholarship on overseas territory into mainstream U.S. history. Also mentioned are Kramer's book "The Blood of Government," the debates about African-American history, and the significance of scholarly work on the ways the U.S. has controlled land and people beyond its mainland.

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This essay assesses clinical photographs of leprosy patients created by the Hawai'i Board of Health in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, or what may be the most extensive visual cataloging of indigenous, Asian, and immigrant bodies in America's Pacific empire. Building on theoretical and methodological approaches to archives as a process rather than a source, I follow the trail of these clinical images through time and space, from their emergence within a photographic practice of medical management and segregation in Hawai'i to their prolific circulation in transnational political and medical arenas. Offering spectacular evidence of the racialized and sexualized pathology of colonial peoples, these photographs were tightly regulated but increasingly viewed as clinical erotica after the United States incorporated Hawai'i as a territory in 1900. The essay further suggests the "affective excess" that can disrupt the photograph's medical surveillance, as social intimacies and care between Hawaiian patients bloom within the frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arctic policies of the United States, Canada, and Russia have received considerable attention on the international stage in recent years, although engagement by these states with the region extends through many eras. Overlooked in analyses of Arctic policy and practice in the region are the messages communicated through postage stamps, noted in their importance as transmitters of government messages, as these states emphasize claims to sovereignty and the resources of the region. These Arctic states have issued a number of stamps depicting the Arctic throughout their engagement with the region, long before any formal policy documents were issued addressing contemporary geostrategic concerns. This article surveys all Arctic postage stamps issued by these three states and analyzes their messages for correlation with official Arctic policy in several periods, concluding that there is substantial relationship between the issued stamps and the practice and policy of these Arctic states as they demonstrate their effective occupation of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on Guåhan (Guam) as a site wherein studies can deal with militarism to the U.S.' constitution of imperial identities and power, highlighting the efforts to protect and defend Pågat that is sacred to the native people, Chamorus. Guam's history is explored which is an unincorporated and organized territory of the U.S. Also discussed are Chamorus' efforts to stop the U.S. from building a firing range at Pågat and American imperialism.

The article presents the author's views on the American Empire, highlighting the connection between Pacific studies and Native American studies. The American Empire reportedly includes American Samoa and Puerto Rico which makes the U.S. the largest overseas territorial power worldwide. Also discussed are the principles and processes of territoriality, settler colonialism, and Pacific maritime territorialism.

The article presents the author's views on the Pacific Region as an important aspect of American studies, highlighting the connection between Native Pacific studies and American studies. He explores the syllabus for a course that he teaches at Wesleyan University to illustrate several ways that American studies and Native Pacific studies can be engaged productively. Also discussed are indigenous peoples' resistance to U.S. colonization, Hawaiians' colonial histography, and American imperialism.

The article explores the U.S. justice system and administration for Pacific island territories including Guam and the Northern Marianas. Topics include the judicial and policy-making roles for the U.S.'s remote territories, establishment of the Pacific Islands Committee due to the work of the Ninth Circuit's Chief Judge Richard Chambers, and appellate jurisdiction. Other topics include the Federated States of Micronesia, American Samoa, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and court structure.

The article discusses the role of New York City in developing movements supporting both sides of imperialism and colonization, focusing on ideas of Puerto Rican writer Giannina Braschi in her books "Empire of Dreams" and "United States of Banana." Other topics include literary representation of gender dysfunction in New York, colonial-imperial relations in the the Americas, and the status of Puerto Rico vis-à-vis the U.S.

The article explores the history of the incorporation of Puerto Rico which earned a place in the U.S. territory. It states that 400,000 Puerto Ricans have served in the U.S. military and have emerged to the highest levels of American society. It notes that the sacrifices made by Puerto Ricans in the past century had resulted into significant integration of the island into American society.

Following the Spanish-American War of 1898, the USA became a true, European-style imperial power, with overseas colonies populated by diverse peoples with few - if any - connections to American culture and history. The wide-ranging imperial debate that followed 1898 brought two future US presidents firmly to the fore: the New York politician and war hero, Theodore Roosevelt, and the Ohio judge, William H. Taft. This article explores the complex development of these two politicians' views on the Philippines during this period of imperial rule. Roosevelt began the period as an ardent imperialist and changed his views to reflect a change in US public opinion and strategic concerns. Conversely, Taft began by being a sceptic about US imperialism but ultimately became one of the most ardent retentionists. This article not only charts their paths to convergence and then their subsequent divergence in attitude towards Philippines policy, but also brings to light the much underestimated role that Taft played in keeping Roosevelt from moving the Republican Party away from its policy of retaining control of the islands. Although many historians see Taft as a loyal servant of Roosevelt's vision for the USA prior to 1909, this article argues that, when it came to the Philippines, Taft was actually the key driver of US policy throughout this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand is growing for a statistically based, nationally consistent definition of frontier territory, one that is adjustable within a reasonable range and applicable in different research and policy contexts. The need arises from Congressional mandates affecting rural health programs and from limitations of previous classification schemes. As used here, the term frontier denotes territory characterized by some combination of relatively low-population density and high geographic remoteness. Two features distinguish the methodology described here from earlier classifications. First, the approach strives for the most accurate measures of distance possible for the smallest units of geography containing population data. Travel time by car to nearby urban areas is calculated for coterminous US territory at the 1 × 1 kilometer grid level. Once frontier territory is delimited at the grid level, frontier populations may be summed to ZIP code areas, as demonstrated on the Main Map, or to census tracts, counties, or other useful geographic entities. Second, travel-time thresholds around urban areas were allowed to vary by urban-area population size. This is desirable because the effect of urban population size on adjacent rural population density is discontinuous. At any given distance from an urban area, population density increases as the size of the nearby urban area increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article explores the evolution of the three distinct phases of the U.S. territorial system which include incorporated territories, unincorporated territories and UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Issues such as taxes, trade, wages and immigration control brought up to the U.S. Congress by these territories are discussed. The inconsistencies in economic reform hinder the economic and political growth of these territories. It cites that American Samoa is at risk of losing its economy in the next five years.

Copyright of Bulletin of Hispanic Studies (1475-3839) is the property of Liverpool University Press / Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article shows that the ambiguity of the relationship of Guántanamo, Cuba to the United States is the legacy of the Insular Cases, wherein the Supreme Court ruled in several cases beginning in 1901 that the U.S. could rule over distant territories and peoples with impunity and without constitutional restraint. Gives the many debates about the balance between national security and civil liberties, the rights of the prisoners, the extent of U.S. legal jurisdiction and the question of national sovereignty and some of the history of the United States' claim about Guánamo.

This article shows how American imperialism has consisted efforts to impose limits upon territorial expansion and what the association of imperialism with the expansion of territory is and the projection of power and the imposition of sovereignty. Use of the history of the American Guano Islands shows the wide range of legal practices of boundary management that attended territorial expansion.

Examines the use of a World Court Chamber to resolve a boundary conflict between the United States (U.S.) and Canada in the Gulf of Maine. Background on the natural resource conflict; Strategy enacted by the U.S. for adapting to legal and political audiences; Argument related to socio-economics raised by Canada.