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The scaling of transistors with thinner channel thicknesses has led to a surge in research on two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-2D semiconductors. However, modulating the threshold voltage (VT) in ultrathin transistors is challenging, as traditional doping methods are not readily applicable. In this work, we introduce a optical-thermal method, combining ultraviolet (UV) illumination and oxygen annealing, to achieve broad-range VT tunability in ultrathin In2O3. This method can achieve both positive and negative VT tuning and is reversible. The modulation of sheet carrier density, which corresponds to VT shift, is comparable to that obtained using other doping and capacitive charging techniques in other ultrathin transistors, including 2D semiconductors. With the controllability of VT, we successfully demonstrate the realization of depletion-load inverter and multi-state logic devices, as well as wafer-scale VT modulation via an automated laser system, showcasing its potential for low-power circuit design and non-von Neumann computing applications. The doping and threshold voltage modulation of 2D transistors remain challenging. Here, the authors report a wafer-scale optical-thermal method combining ultraviolet illumination and oxygen annealing to tune the threshold voltage of atomic-layer-deposited In2O3 transistors with 2 nm thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Lung cancer patients are treated by multidisciplinary care teams which rely upon the primary care provider to coordinate care and explain next steps to patients. In patients with nodule sampling that results in cytologic atypia, it is important that the primary care provider has a thorough understanding of the implications of this diagnosis so that they can advise the patient of appropriate follow up. This study investigated the correlation of atypia severity with diagnosis of lung cancer or benign respiratory process. We found that atypia severity, smoking pack years, and modified Herder score independently predicted cancer diagnosis. Patients with severe atypia may benefit from repeat sampling of lung nodules for cytologic confirmation within one month due to their high likelihood of malignancy, while those with less severe atypia may be followed clinically. In cytologic analysis of lung nodules, specimens classified as atypia cannot be definitively diagnosed as benign or malignant. Atypia patients are typically subject to additional procedures to obtain repeat samples, thus delaying diagnosis. We evaluate morphologic categories predictive of lung cancer in atypia patients. This retrospective study stratified patients evaluated for primary lung nodules based on cytologic diagnoses. Atypia patients were further stratified based on the most severe verbiage used to describe the atypical cytology. Logistic regressions and receiver operator characteristic curves were performed. Of 129 patients with cytologic atypia, 62.8% later had cytologically or histologically confirmed lung cancer and 37.2% had benign respiratory processes. Atypia severity significantly predicted final diagnosis even while controlling for pack years and modified Herder score (p = 0.012). Pack years, atypia severity, and modified Herder score predicted final diagnosis independently and while adjusting for covariates (all p < 0.001). This model generated a significantly improved area under the curve compared to pack years, atypia severity, and modified Herder score (all p < 0.001) alone. Patients with severe atypia may benefit from repeat sampling for cytologic confirmation within one month due to high likelihood of malignancy, while those with milder atypia may be followed clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]