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Background: Chen's Peiyuan Tang (CSPYT) is a compound herbal formula that has shown the potential to enhance ovarian function and reduce autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells, which plays a crucial role in follicular development and maturation. The application of Chinese herbal medicine offers a promising alternative to traditional hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Methods: This study explores CSPYT's therapeutic mechanisms in treating POF, focusing on its modulation of autophagy through network pharmacology and transcriptomics-based analysis, predicting potential interactions and pathways. KGN cell line and rat ovarian granulosa cells were used for in vitro experiment. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide(4-HC) stimulation was carried out for establishing the POF cell model. Q-PCR, Western Blot, Transmission electron microscopy to detect the results. Results: According to the drug and disease database, the common targets of Chen's Peiyuan Tang and premature ovarian failure were screened, combined with autophagy gene targets and transcriptome analysis, and finally 8 intersection targets were obtained, namely CDKN1B, MAPK3, PRKCD, CDKN1A, MAPK1, RAF1, BIRC5, CTSB. Enrichment analysis of 8 genes found that they were closely related to the animal autophagy pathway. Construct PPI network diagram. CytoScape 3.9.1 builds CSPYT Drug Target-POF Disease Target-Autophagy Gene Network Diagram. Based on the PPI network diagram and CytoScape 3.9.1 analysis results, it is estimated that MAPK1 and MAPK3 are the key targets of CSPYT in the treatment of POF. The eight final intersection targets were docked with the corresponding active pharmaceutical ingredients. The one that docked most closely with the MAPK family was naringenin. In cell experiment verification, it was confirmed that Chen's Peiyuan Tang can inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway, significantly reduce the number of autophagosomes, and reduce autophagy damage in ovarian granulosa cells. Discussion: CSPYT can inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway, prevent autophagy overexpression and restore ovarian granulosa cell function, effectively alleviating the disease pressure of POF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) present in Yishen Tongluo formula (YSTL, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formula) are considered as potential therapeutic drugs for reducing the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Objective: To study the effectiveness of plant miRNAs in YSTL for repairing mouse sperm DNA damage caused by benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Methods and materials: Twenty-four male SPF ICR (CD1) mice were divided into control, BaP and YSTL groups. A BaP-induced (100 mg/kg) sperm DNA damage model was established in the BaP and YSTL groups, and the mice in the YSTL group were treated with YSTL (23.78 g/kg) for 8 weeks. Sperm DFI was determined via a sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). MicroRNAs in the testes of the mice were analysed via RNA-seq, and the top four plant miRNAs were screened, identified and overexpressed in GC cells. The effects of plant miRNAs on the viability and DNA integrity of GC cells exposed to benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) (1 μM) were tested using CCK8 and comet assays. Results: Compared with that of the BaP group, the DFI of the YSTL group decreased (9.57% vs. 18.54%, F = 18.645, p = 0.0236). miR166-y, miR894-x, miR822-x and miR396-x were screened. The CCK8 and comet assays revealed that the DFI of the mimic group was significantly lower than that of the BPDE (IC50 = 1.006 μM) group, with the most significant difference in the miR396-x group. Discussion and Conclusions: Plant miRNAs such as miR396-x can penetrate the blood–testis barrier through the digestive system to repair sperm DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Shenxiang Suhe pill (SXSH), a traditional Chinese medicine, is clinically effective against coronary heart disease, but the mechanism of cardiac-protective function is unclear. Objective: We investigated the cardiac-protective mechanism of SXSH via modulating gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. Materials and methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 8): Sham, Model, SXSH (Low, 0.063 g/kg; Medium, 0.126 g/kg; High, 0.252 g/kg), and Ato (atorvastatin, 20 mg/kg). Besides the Sham group, rats were modelled with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD). After 3, 7, 14 days' administration, ultrasound, H&E staining, serum enzymic assay, 16S rRNA sequencing were conducted to investigate the SXSH efficacy. Afterwards, five groups of rats: Sham, Model, Model-ABX (AMI with antibiotics-feeding), SXSH (0.126 g/kg), SXSH-ABX were administrated for 14 days to evaluate the gut microbiota-dependent SXSH efficacy, and serum untargeted metabolomics test was performed. Results: 0.126 g/kg of SXSH intervention for 14 days increased ejection fraction (EF, 78.22%), fractional shortening (FS, 109.07%), and aortic valve flow velocities (AV, 21.62%), reduced lesion area, and decreased serum LDH (8.49%) and CK-MB (10.79%). Meanwhile, SXSH upregulated the abundance of Muribaculaceae (199.71%), Allobaculum (1744.09%), and downregulated Lactobacillus (65.51%). The cardiac-protective effect of SXSH was disrupted by antibiotics administration. SXSH altered serum metabolites levels, such as downregulation of 2-n-tetrahydrothiophenecarboxylic acid (THTC, 1.73%), and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC, 4.61%). Discussion and conclusion: The cardiac-protective effect and suggested mechanism of SXSH could provide a theoretical basis for expanding its application in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pharmacological activity and clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are significantly influenced by the geographical origin. Therefore, the effective and reliable identification of TCM producing regions is crucial for the quality control and clinical application of TCM. Ophiopogonis Radix (Chinese name: Maidong (MD)) is a well-known TCM with various properties, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anticancer, and cardiovascular protection. In this study, the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) to distinguish Sichuan Ophiopogonis Radix (CMD) from Zhejiang Ophiopogonis Radix (ZMD) was investigated. Extensive experimental results demonstrated that the Raman peaks at 363, 465, 1345, 1458, 2893 and 2933 cm−1 corresponding to polysaccharides, homoisoflavonoids, and steroidal saponins could be used as identification chemical markers for CMD and ZMD. Additionally, the PLS–DA-based scheme proposed in this study could identify the geographical origins of CMD from ZMD with an accuracy of 92.7%. Unlike conventional morphological and microscopic identification and physicochemical analysis, the proposed method is nondestructive, involves simple sample preparation, requires a very low mass of the sample, and exhibits a high classification accuracy to discriminate between CMD and ZMD. Therefore, despite analyzing a limited number of samples, this study proposes a method by the combination of Raman spectroscopy and PLS–DA to rapidly, sensitively, and nondestructively discriminate Ophiopogonis Radix samples with different geographical origins. This study confirms that Raman spectroscopy exhibits high potential to facilitate the authentication, quality control, and supervision of herbal medicines and processed products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of review: This review aims to describe the association of integrating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs into conventional medicine (CM) in preventing breast cancer and improving survival rates among breast cancer patients of Taiwan. Recent findings: Of 7 relevant studies, spanning 2014–2023, 4 investigated breast cancer risk in women with menopausal symptoms and other comorbidities. All 4 reported that TCM herbal use was associated with lower risks of developing breast cancer. Three studies investigated survival in newly-diagnosed breast cancer patients receiving CM. All reported that adjunctive TCM users had lower mortality rates than CM-only patients. However, the heterogeneity of study designs, populations, and interventions may limit the generalizability and robustness of the findings. Summary: TCM herbs may promote breast cancer prevention and survival when used alongside CM. More rigorous observational research and clinical trials in specific patient populations are needed to guide clinical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative articular disease that leads to physical disability and reduced quality of life. The key pathological events in OA are cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. Conventional therapies often lead to adverse effects that some patients are unwilling to endure. Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) have long been known for their efficacy in treating OA with minimal side effects. The wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway is believed to play a role in OA progression, but there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding on how TCM may treat OA via the Wnt signaling pathway. This study aims to fill this gap by reviewing relevant research on the association between the Wnt signaling pathway and cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation in OA. Meanwhile, we also summarized and categorized TCMs and their active components, such as alkaloids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, etc., which have shown varying efficacy in treating OA through modulation of the Wnt/ β -catenin signaling pathway. This work underscores the pivotal role of the Wnt signaling pathway in OA pathogenesis and progression, suggesting that targeting this pathway holds promise as a prospective therapeutic strategy for OA management in the future. TCMs and their active components have the potential to alleviate OA by modulating the Wnt signaling cascade. Harnessing TCMs and their active components to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway presents an encouraging avenue for delivering substantial therapeutic benefits to individuals with OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Body constitution is the foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and model workers consist of a special group of workers within China. This study aims to research the relationship between the physical body constitutions based on TCM and the mental health of model workers. Methods: We recruited 314 model workers from Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital to conduct the questionnaires such as SCL-90 and CCMQ to investigate if there is an association between mental health status and TCM body constitutions. We performed a Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS path modeling). Results: Our path model results revealed associations between different TCM constitution types and SCL scores, which serve as indicators of psychological well-being. Our research findings demonstrate a strong correlation between the Balanced constitution and elevated levels of psychological well-being, with a path coefficient of -0.503. In contrast, the other eight constitutional types exhibit path coefficients exceeding 0.3, indicating a tendency toward lower levels of psychological well-being. We also investigated the intricate connections between various TCM constitutional types and both mild and severe psychological well-being. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Balanced constitution continues to be closely associated with higher levels of psychological well-being, while the remaining eight body constitution types are consistently linked to lower levels of psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GGQLT) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been reported to have a significant therapeutic effect in the management of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we constructed a T2DM rat model by feeding a high-fat diet and injecting streptozotocin (STZ) and tested the effects of feeding GGQLT and fecal transplantation on the physiological indices, microbiota, and metabolism of rats. The results showed that the administration of GGQLT can significantly improve the growth performance of rats and has a remarkable antihyperlipidemic effect. In addition, GGQLT altered the composition of gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacteria such as Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Akkermansia. In addition, GGQLT elevated levels of specific bile acids by metabolomic analysis, potentially contributing to improvements in lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that GGQLT may have beneficial effects on T2DM by influencing lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. However, further studies are needed to elucidate its mechanisms and assess clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese herbs are a huge treasure trove of natural products and an important source of many active molecules. The theory of traditional Chinese medicine compatibility (TCMC) is widely applied in clinical practice, but its mechanism is still ambiguous. This study aims to open a new window for this predicament by studying the interaction between the main active ingredients from a drug pair. Carrier-free assembly of natural products improves the shortcomings of traditional nanodelivery systems and opens a new path for the development of new nanomaterials. The drug pair "Pueraria and Hedyotis diffusa" has been commonly used in clinical practice, with a predominant therapeutic effect. This study is devoted to the study of the binary small molecule co-assembly of the main active molecules from the drug pair. In this study, we introduce a carrier-free composite gel, formed by the co-assembly of puerarin (PUE) and deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA) via non-covalent bonds including π–π packing, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and C=O π interactions. With a strain point 7-fold higher than that of P gel, the P − D gel exhibited favorable rheological properties. The survival rate of SW1990 cells in the P − D group was only 21.39% when the concentration of administration reached 200 μM. It thus demonstrated activity in inhibiting SW1990 cells' survival, suggesting potential in combating pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, this research offers a valuable concept for enhancing the mechanical properties and bioactivity of hydrogel materials through the utilization of a multi-component natural small molecule co-assembly approach. More importantly, this provides new ideas and methods for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and the analysis of traditional Chinese medicine compatibility theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal medicines, particularly traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), are a rich source of natural products with significant therapeutic potential. However, understanding their mechanisms of action is challenging due to the complexity of their multi-ingredient compositions. We introduced Herb-CMap, a multimodal fusion framework leveraging protein–protein interactions and herb-perturbed gene expression signatures. Utilizing a network-based heat diffusion algorithm, Herb-CMap creates a connectivity map linking herb perturbations to their therapeutic targets, thereby facilitating the prioritization of active ingredients. As a case study, we applied Herb-CMap to Suhuang antitussive capsule (Suhuang), a TCM formula used for treating cough variant asthma (CVA). Using in vivo rat models, our analysis established the transcriptomic signatures of Suhuang and identified its key compounds, such as quercetin and luteolin, and their target genes, including IL17A, PIK3CB , PIK3CD , AKT1 , and TNF. These drug–target interactions inhibit the IL-17 signaling pathway and deactivate PI3K , AKT , and NF-κB , effectively reducing lung inflammation and alleviating CVA. The study demonstrates the efficacy of Herb-CMap in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of herbal medicines, offering valuable insights for advancing drug discovery in TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin barrier is essential for maintaining the body's internal homeostasis, protecting against harmful external substances, and regulating water and electrolyte balance. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers notable advantages in restoring skin barrier function due to its diverse components, targets, and pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated that active ingredients in TCM can safely and effectively repair damaged skin barriers, reinstating their proper functions. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying skin barrier damage and explores how the bioactive constituents of TCM contribute to skin barrier repair, thereby offering a theoretical framework to inform clinical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Squama Manis is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of medicinal use in the treatment of breast-related diseases. However, owing to the excessive exploitation and utilization of the resources, Squama Manis has been included in the list of rare and endangered wild animals. The conservation of the resources of Squama Manis and continuing its clinical application has become an urgent problem, and the search for small-molecule substitutes for Squama Manis is an effective way to achieve this goal. Previous studies have identified PA3264 as a possible active ingredient in Squama Manis. In this study, we systematically investigated the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of PA3264 in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a representative breast-related disease. Methods: Cell viability and colony formation assays were performed after treatment with the target dipeptide PA3264 in vitro. Next, 4T1 orthotopic tumors and humanized PBMC-CDX mouse models were generated to examine the antitumor effect of PA3264 in vivo. Transcriptome sequencing and molecular docking experiments were performed to predict pathways to function. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were used to validate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of PA3264. Results: PA3264 significantly inhibited cell viability and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, PA3264 suppressed the tumor size and reduced the tumor weight in vivo. Finally, it was verified that PA3264 prevented the progression of breast cancer by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway, causing cell cycle arrest, and promoting apoptosis. Conclusions: This study elucidated that PA3264 derived from rare and endangered Squama Manis was a novel bioactive peptide for treating triple-negative breast cancer from a scientific research perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of combining silibinin capsules with Jiangzhi Paizhuo Decoction (JZPZ) versus silibinin capsules alone in patients with MAFLD. The research was carried out at the Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine using a case-control design following to STROBE guideline. Eligible participants meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups. The participants in control group and intervention group were assigned to receive oral administration of 70 mg (3 times daily) silibinin capsules or 70 mg silibinin capsules (3 times daily) plus colon dialysis with 150 ml JZPZ decoction for 8 weeks. The primary outcome and secondary outcome on the effects of JZPZ decoction in MAFLD were detected. We found that liver function significantly improved in both groups after treatment (p < 0.05) compared with the baseline. Importantly, JZPZ decoction was associated with significant decrease in hepatic steatosis (CAP changes: −18.91 ± 11.50 vs −26.86 ± 16.62, P = 0.0305). The JZPZ decoction reduced significantly the TCM syndromes score compared to control (−5.74 ± 0.95 versus −7.17 ± 1.23, P < 0.0001). Meanwhile, the weight and BMI in JZPZ group increased significantly more than control group (P = 0.0003, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the JZPZ decoction combined with silibinin capsules in the treatment of MAFLD patients with liver depression and heat syndrome has more advantages in decreasing hepatic steatosis and TCM syndromes scores. It is worthy of clinical recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic inflammation is the major pathological feature of Atherosclerosis(As). Inflammation may accelerate plaque to develop, which is a key factor resulting in the thinning of the fibrous cap and the vulnerable rupture of plaque. Presently, clinical treatments are still lacking. It is necessary to find a safe and effective treatment for As inflammation. Simiaoyongan Decoction (SMYA) has potential anti-inflammatory and plaque protection effects. This protocol aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of SMYA for patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Methods/design: The assessment of SMYA clinical trial is designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The sample size is 86 cases in total, with 43 participants in the intervention group and the control group respectively. The intervention group takes SMYA, while the control group takes SMYA placebo. The medication lasts for 14 days every 10 weeks, with a total of 50 weeks. We will use carotid artery high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) to measure plaque. The plaque minimum fiber cap thickness (PMFCT) is adopted as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes include plaque fiber cap volume, volume percentage of fiber cap, lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) volume, volume percentage of LRNC, internal bleeding volume of plaque, internal bleeding volume percentage of plaque, plaque calcification volume, volume percentage of plaque calcification, lumen stenosis rate, average and a maximum of vessel wall thickness, vessel wall volume, total vessel wall load, carotid atherosclerosis score, hs-CRP, IL-1β and IL-6, the level of lipid profiles and blood glucose, blood pressure, and body weight. Discussion: We anticipate that patients with As plaque will be improved from SMYA by inhibiting inflammation to enhance plaque stability. This study analyzes plaque by using HR-MRI to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of SMYA. Moreover, we conduct transcriptome analysis, proteomic analysis, and metagenomic analysis of blood and stool of participants to study the mechanism of SMYA against As plaque. This is the first prospective TCM trial to observe and treat As plaque by inhibiting inflammatory reaction directly. If successful, the finding will be valuable in the treatment of As plaque and drug development, especially in the "statin era". Trial registration number: This trial is registered on Chinese Clinical Trials.gov with number ChiCTR2000039062 on October 15, 2020 (http://www.chictr.org.cn). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic anion transporters OAT1 (SLC22A6) and OAT3 (SLC22A8) are drug transporters that are expressed in the kidney, with well-established roles in the in vivo transport of drugs and endogenous metabolites. A comparatively unexplored potential function of these drug transporters is their contribution to the in vivo regulation of natural products (NPs) and their effects on endogenous metabolism. This is important for the evaluation of potential NP interactions with other compounds at the transporter site. Here, we have analyzed the NPs present in several well-established databases from Asian (Chinese, Indian Ayurvedic) and other traditions. Loss of OAT1 and OAT3 in murine knockouts caused serum alterations of many NPs, including flavonoids, vitamins, and indoles. OAT1- and OAT3-dependent NPs were largely separable based on a multivariate analysis of chemical properties. Direct binding to the transporter was confirmed using in vitro transport assays and protein binding assays. Our in vivo and in vitro results, considered in the context of previous data, demonstrate that OAT1 and OAT3 play a pivotal role in the handling of non-synthetic small molecule natural products, NP-derived antioxidants, phytochemicals, and nutrients (e.g., pantothenic acid, thiamine). As described by remote sensing and signaling theory, drug transporters help regulate redox states by meditating the movement of endogenous antioxidants and nutrients between organs and organisms. Our results demonstrate how dietary antioxidants and other NPs might feed into these inter-organ and inter-organismal pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naoxintong Capsule (NXT), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, has been broadly applied in China for more than 30 years. Over decades, accumulating evidences have proven satisfactory efficacy and safety of NXT in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD). Studies have been conducted unceasingly, while this growing latest knowledge of NXT has not yet been interpreted properly and summarized comprehensively. Hence, we systematically review the advancements in NXT research, from its chemical constituents, quality control, pharmacokinetics, to its profound pharmacological activities as well as its clinical applications in CCVD. Moreover, we further propose specific challenges for its future perspectives: 1) to precisely clarify bioactivities of single compound in complicated mixtures; 2) to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of NXT feature components in clinical studies, especially drug-drug interactions in CCVD patients; 3) to explore and validate its multi-target mechanisms by integrating multi-omics technologies; 4) to re-evaluate the safety and efficacy of NXT by carrying out large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials. In brief, this review aims to straighten out a paradigm for TCM modernization, which help to contribute NXT as a piece of Chinese Wisdom into the advanced intervention strategy for CCVD therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has relied on pulse diagnosis as a cornerstone of healthcare assessment for thousands of years. Despite its long history and widespread use, TCM pulse diagnosis has faced challenges in terms of diagnostic accuracy and consistency due to its dependence on subjective interpretation and theoretical analysis. This study introduces an approach to enhance the accuracy of TCM pulse diagnosis for diabetes by leveraging the power of deep learning algorithms, specifically LeNet and ResNet models, for pulse waveform analysis. LeNet and ResNet models were applied to analyze TCM pulse waveforms using a diverse dataset comprising both healthy individuals and patients with diabetes. The integration of these advanced algorithms with modern TCM pulse measurement instruments shows great promise in reducing practitioner-dependent variability and improving the reliability of diagnoses. This research bridges the gap between ancient wisdom and cutting-edge technology in healthcare. LeNet-F, incorporating special feature extraction of a pulse based on TMC, showed improved training and test accuracies (73% and 67%, respectively, compared with LeNet's 70% and 65%). Moreover, ResNet models consistently outperformed LeNet, with ResNet18-F achieving the highest accuracy (82%) in training and 74% in testing. The advanced preprocessing techniques and additional features contribute significantly to ResNet18-F's superior performance, indicating the importance of feature engineering strategies. Furthermore, the study identifies potential avenues for future research, including optimizing preprocessing techniques to handle pulse waveform variations and noise levels, integrating additional time–frequency domain features, developing domain-specific feature selection algorithms, and expanding the scope to other diseases. These advancements aim to refine traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis, enhancing its accuracy and reliability while integrating it into modern technology for more effective healthcare approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis B, caused by the hepatitis B Virus (HBV), is an inflammatory liver disease that poses a significant threat to public health. HBV, a hepatotropic DNA virus, can cause chronic and acute Hepatitis B and persistent infection may cause serious complications like cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. Though nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) is the first-line drug for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), they still have several drawbacks such as drug resistance, and low-level viremia. Recent studies suggest that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active ingredients can inhibit HBV activity and replication, indicating their potentials for CHB treatment. This article focuses on the anti HBV activity and mechanism of TCM, aiming to help develop new anti-HBV drugs and improve the cure rate of CHB. Plain Language Summary The liver is the biggest organ in our body. It is important for our health, for example, it helps to clear toxins from the body. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause an illness of the liver. It can cause severe illness, such as loss of liver function. There are a handful of drugs that can fight HBV, but these drugs have some shortcomings. In recent years, some traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have shown promise against HBV. Here, this paper considers which TCMs can fight HBV, and how. This could be useful when looking for new medicines. Article highlights Introduction Firstly, an introduction was given to the concept, characteristics and other aspects of HBV. Secondly, the epidemiology and treatment status of CHB were introduced, as well as the reasons why traditional Chinese medicine may have the potential to treat CHB. TCM with anti-HBV effects TCM monomers and extracts exhibiting anti-HBV activity has been reviewed, such as Herba Artemisiae Scopariae (ASH), Radix Astragali (RA, known as Huangqi in Chinese), Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Sophora Flavescens, Herba Artemisiae Annuae and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati and compounds extracted from TCM monomers. Presented different traditional Chinese medicine formulas with anti HBV activity, such as Xiaochaihu Decoction (XCHD), Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY), Yin Chen Hao Decoction (YCHD), etc. It reviews the combination therapy of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the inhibition of HBV and the therapeutic effect on CHB. The mechanism of TCM in anti-HBV Presented evidence that some traditional Chinese medicine single drugs and compounds are effective in treating chronic hepatitis B by inhibiting HBV-DNA replication. Furthermore, the mechanism by which traditional Chinese medicine exerts its anti HBV effect by regulating the cell cycle of host cells was elucidated. Review on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients in inhibiting HBV by reducing the secretion of HBeAg and HBsAg. By clarifying the host immune response caused by HBV infection, it is presented that traditional Chinese medicine based on this may exert potential anti HBV mechanisms. Other mechanisms by which traditional Chinese medicine exerts anti HBV effects, including synergistic regulation of multiple targets. Clinical challenges & side effects of TCM in anti-HBV therapy Summarized the challenges and limitations that traditional Chinese medicine may face in the clinical application of treating CHB, such as the specific active components remaining undetermined, The precise targets and interaction mechanisms of TCM against HBV are still unclear, etc. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine is one of the potential effective options for treating CHB, but currently its research is mostly limited to in vitro studies, and further in-depth and accurate research is needed. Future perspective The further clarification of the specific effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with anti HBV effects, as well as the combined use of traditional Chinese medicine with other drugs, are potential exploration directions for the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of CHB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used in the treatment of anthracycline (ANTs)-induced cardiotoxicity. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate systematically the efficacy and safety of TCM combined with dexrazoxane (DRZ) on cardiotoxicity caused by ANTs. Materials and Methods: Retrieval of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WAN FANG DATA, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Cochrane Library, and PubMed was conducted through various methods. The meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42023435324). A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of TCM in combination with DRZ to avert cardiotoxicity caused by ANTs was compiled. The efficacy and safety of TCM Combined with DRZ, the cardiotoxicity induced by ANTs was synthesized and discussed, along with the outcomes of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, and the incidence of adverse reactions. RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 10 RCTs with 746 patients were included. The pooled results showed that TCM combined with DRZ treatment decreased significantly the incidence of ECG abnormalities (RR = 0.47, 95% CI [0.32,0.70], p = 0.0001), the level of cTnT (MD = −7.16, 95% CI [−8.31, −6.02], p< 0.001), CK (MD = −14.94, 95% CI [−22.91, −6.97], p< 0.001), cTnI (MD = −0.10, 95% CI [−0.14, −0.06], p< 0.001), BNP (MD = −33.66, 95% CI [−36.95, −30.37], p< 0.001), CK-MB (MD = −5.93, 95% CI [−8.16, −3.70], p< 0.001). However, there was no significant change in LVEF in the experimental group compared with the control group (MD = 4.81, 95% CI [−02.99, 12.21], p = 0.23). Moreover, adverse events have no significant difference between the two groups as well (RR = 0.60, 95% CI [0.31, 1.15], p = 0.13). Conclusion: This meta-analysis revealed TCM combined with DRZ appears to be able to improve the efficacy of cardiotoxicity caused by ANTs, but the included studies were of poor quality, and high-quality RCTs would be preferred for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that occurs with age and is characterized by a gradual decline in muscle mass, power, and functionality. It serves as a prominent contributor to frailty, disability, and mortality among older individuals. Currently, no standardized global guidelines exist for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. This study aimed to establish the correlation between sarcopenia and the constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), considering the connection between physical functioning and sarcopenia. Methods: A total of 1441 participants in this study were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) proposed a sarcopenia definition algorithm. To determine the constitution of each participant, classification and determination standards were used in traditional Chinese medicine. This study evaluated the demographics, lifestyles, and self‐reported medical history of individuals diagnosed with sarcopenia through a self‐administered questionnaire. The constitution of the participants was determined using TCM classification and determination standards. Subsequently, we analyzed the results of univariate analysis and multivariate regression and constructed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Participants who were diagnosed with sarcopenia had substantially lower original Neutral constitution scores (P < 0.050). In comparison to those without sarcopenia, individuals with sarcopenia exhibited notably elevated original Qi‐deficiency, Yang‐deficiency, Yin‐deficiency, Blood‐stagnation, and Qi‐stagnation scores in contrast to those in the healthy group (P < 0.050). The identified risk factors associated with sarcopenia included the following: Neutral (OR = 0.903), Qi‐deficiency (in males, OR = 1.126), Yang‐deficiency (OR = 1.062), Phlegm‐dampness (in males, OR = 0.833), and Blood‐stagnation (in females, OR = 1.089). The highest area under the curve (AUC) was observed for the original neutral constitution score, followed by the Yang‐deficiency and blood‐stagnation scores (0.644, 0.613, and 0.611, respectively). Additionally, the AUC for the combined original scores of all nine constitutions among males reached 0.778. Conclusions: In this cross‐sectional study of older people with higher original Qi‐deficiency, Yin deficiency, Yang‐deficiency, Blood‐stagnation, and Qi‐stagnation were associated with sarcopenia. Notably, various TCM constitutions are significantly linked to sarcopenia. There was a significant occurrence of various body constitution types among individuals diagnosed with sarcopenia. The mixture of the nine original constitution scores exhibited good diagnostic performance for sarcopenia in males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure is a leading cause of death in the elderly. Traditional Chinese medicine, a verified alternative therapeutic regimen, has been used to treat heart failure, which is less expensive and has fewer adverse effects. In this study, a total of 15 active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi, HQ) were obtained; among them, Isorhamnetin, Quercetin, Calycosin, Formononetin, and Kaempferol were found to be linked to heart failure. Ang II significantly enlarged the cell size of cardiomyocytes, which could be partially reduced by Quercetin, Isorhamnetin, Calycosin, Kaempferol, or Formononetin. Ang II significantly up‐regulated ANP, BNP, β‐MHC, and CTGF expressions, whereas Quercetin, Isorhamnetin, Calycosin, Kaempferol or Formononetin treatment partially downregulated ANP, BNP, β‐MHC and CTGF expressions. Five active ingredients of HQ attenuated inflammation in Ang II‐induced cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐18 and IL‐6. Molecular docking shows Isorhamnetin, Quercetin, Calycosin, Formononetin and Kaempferol can bind with its target protein ESR1 in a good bond by intermolecular force. Quercetin, Calycosin, Kaempferol or Formononetin treatment promoted the expression levels of ESR1 and phosphorylated ESR1 in Ang II‐stimulated cardiomyocytes; however, Isorhamnetin treatment had no effect on ESR1 and phosphorylated ESR1 expression levels. In conclusion, our results comprehensively illustrated the bioactives, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of HQ against heart failure. Isorhamnetin, Quercetin, Calycosin, Formononetin and Kaempferol might be the primary active ingredients of HQ, dominating its cardioprotective effects against heart failure through regulating ESR1 expression, which provided a basis for the clinical application of HQ to regulate cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high risks of postoperative complications brought on by gastric cancer, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a commonly used therapy, has exerted its vital role in postoperative recovery care. In this sense, this meta‐analysis was conducted to explore the related documents about TCM's impact on gastric cancer postoperative recovery. During the research, we explored a total of 1549 results from databases PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science (WoS). Thirty‐two clinical randomized trials (RCTs) were then selected and analysed for this meta‐analysis by using the software RevMan 5.4 (under PRISMA 2020 regulations), with a population of 3178 patients. Data prove that TCM therapy reduced the risks for postoperative complications exposure by an estimated average of 19% (95% CI). Among the complications, TCM therapy suppressed the risks of wound infection and incisional infections by 53% and 48% respectively. Meanwhile, the patient's wound healing duration exhibited a significant reduction compared to those without TCM treatment, with a difference at around 0.74 days (95% CI). TCM also exerted its potential to strengthen the patient's immune and health conditions, leading to a significantly promoted gastrointestinal function in the patients with a shorter duration to release first exhaustion and defecation compared to those with no TCM therapy. In addition, similar promoted phenomena also exist in those patients with TCM therapy in terms of their immunity and nutritional conditions. These facts all indicate a positive impact of TCM therapy in clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major contributor to poor prognosis of ischemic stroke. Flavonoids are a broad family of plant polyphenols which are abundant in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have beneficial effects on several diseases including ischemic stroke. Accumulating studies have indicated that flavonoids derived from herbal TCM are effective in alleviating CIRI after ischemic stroke in vitro or in vivo, and exhibit favourable therapeutical potential. Herein, we systematically review the classification, metabolic absorption, neuroprotective efficacy, and mechanisms of TCM flavonoids against CIRI. The literature suggest that flavonoids exert potential medicinal functions including suppressing excitotoxicity, Ca2+ overloading, oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombin's cellular toxicity, different types of programmed cell deaths, and protecting the blood-brain barrier, as well as promoting neurogenesis in the recovery stage following ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we identified certain matters that should be taken into account in future research, as well as proposed difficulties and opportunities in transforming TCM-derived flavonoids into medications or functional foods for the treatment or prevention of CIRI. Overall, in this review we aim to provide novel ideas for the identification of new prospective medication candidates for the therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Common symptoms of Chronic Non-atrophic Gastritis (CNAG) include nausea, stomach distension, and abdominal pain. The Houtou Jianweiling Tablet (HTJWT) is a chinese patent medicine (CN1368229A) and it has been used clinically for more than 20 years with proven clinical efficacy in treating CNAG, prompted us to establish the clinical efficacy and safety of HTJWT on patients with mild to moderate CNAG symptoms in Pakistani population. Methods: This phase II, double-blind, randomized, parallel-controlled trial was conducted in a single center between November 2022 and February 2023 in Pakistan. In a ratio of 1:1, total 240 CNAG patients with erosion identified by pathological biopsy and gastroscopy were randomly assigned to control (Omeprazole) group (n = 120) and the treatment (HTJWT) group (n = 120). Patients in the treatment group received orally four HTJWT (0.38g/tablet), three times a day and one placebo of Omeprazole enteric-coated tablet prior to breakfast, daily. On the other hand, patients in the control group received one Omeprazole enteric-coated tablet (20 mg/tablet) prior to breakfast and four placebo of HTJWT, thrice a day. The patients consumed the investigated drugs (i.e., treatment and control) treatment regimen was followed for a duration of 28 days. The safety of the patients were evaluated through adverse events, serious adverse events and laboratory tests such as blood biochemistry, urine analysis, liver and renal function tests. Vital signs like; blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature, respiratory rate for all the patients were recorded. The cardiac status of the patients were assessed through electrocardiogram (ECG). The primary efficacy indicators were the improvement rate of gastric distention and gastralgia as the main clinical symptoms. Secondary indicators were visual analogue score (VAS); improvement rate of secondary clinical symptoms and signs; improvement rate of total clinical signs and symptoms; the disappearance/ remission rate of Gastric pain and, remission/disappearance time of gastric distension; and the negative conversion rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The outcomes among each group were compared using the chi-square test. Results: Patients in both groups had good drug compliance (80%-120%), and there was no statistically significant difference in the patients' baseline characteristics. The clinical improvement rate was found to be 91.1% in the treatment group and 91.0% in the control group with negligible variation among the two groups (p = 0.9824; 95% confidence interval: -0.0781-0.0798). Similarly, hardly no difference was found in the negative conversion rate of H. pylori between the treatment group and the control group (i.e., 70.1% and 71.8% respectively, p = 0.8125). There were no significant differences in respiratory rate, vital signs, blood pressure, laboratory results for blood biochemistry, urine analysis, liver and renal function tests between the two groups. The ECG assessment carried out for the treatment and control group revealed no considerable difference. Margin variation in the disappearance time of gastric pain (p = 0.1860) and remission rate (p = 0.5784) between the two groups were observed. The control group exhibited a faster remission period for gastrointestinal discomfort indications as compared to treatment group (p = 0.0430). Only one patient in the control group experienced mild to moderate adverse events, namely; epigastric pain and dyspepsia. The results were consistent with the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis that included patients who were 100% compliant to the assigned therapy. Conclusion: The lower limit of confidence interval (CI, 95%) for the differences in the effective rate between the treatment and the control groups was found to be -0.0781 which is greater than -0.15, hence the treatment group is non-inferior to the control group. The therapeutic dosage used in the trial and treatment period did not cause any significant adverse event, and there were no obvious changes in the ECG profile, vital signs and biochemistry of the patients. Based on the clinical efficacy evaluation and reported adverse events, it can be concluded that the HTJWT is a safe and effective traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of patients suffering from chronic non-atrophic gastritis with mild to moderate symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, due to advancements in medical conditions and the development of scientific research, the fundamental research of TCM antitumor treatments has progressed from the cellular level to the molecular and genetic levels. Previous studies have demonstrated the significant role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in antitumor therapy through various mechanisms and pathways. Its mechanism of action is closely associated with cancer biology across different stages. This includes inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, blocking invasion and metastasis to surrounding tissues, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, regulating immune function, maintaining genome stability, preventing mutation, and regulating cell energy metabolism. The use of TCM for eliciting antitumor effects not only has a good therapeutic effect and low side effects, it also provides a solid theoretical basis for clinical treatment and medication. This paper reviews the mechanism of the antitumor effects of TCM based on tumor characteristics. Through our review, we found that TCM not only directly inhibits tumors, but also enhances the body's immunity, thereby indirectly inducing an antitumor effect. This function aligns with the TCM theory of "strengthening the body's resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors". Furthermore, TCM will play a significant role in tumor treatment in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimal research exists on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), despite their significant contributions to domestic and international health protection. This study is the first to investigate the levels, profiles, and health risks of PCB residue in Pheretima, a typical TCM produced from earthworm. Seventy-seven Pheretima samples from different regions of China were analyzed for 45 PCB congeners. PCBs were found in all samples exhibiting species-dependent discrepancies. ∑45PCBs was ranging from 0.532 to 25.2 µg/kg (mean 4.46 µg/kg), with CB-11 being the most abundant congener contributing 71.8% ± 10.8% to ∑45PCBs, followed by CB-47, which were all non-Aroclor congeners called unintentionally produced PCBs (UP-PCBs). The average estimated daily intake of ∑45PCBs, ∑7ID-PCBs (indicative polychlorinated biphenyls), and CB-11 were 0.71, 0.04, and 0.51 ng/kg bw/d, respectively. The ∑HQ of PCBs in Pheretima samples was 2.97 × 10−4–2.46 × 10−2 (mean 2.77 × 10−3, 95th 4.21 × 10−3), while the ∑RQ ranged from 1.19 × 10−8 to 2.88 × 10−6 (mean 4.87 × 10−7, 95th 2.31 × 10−6). These findings indicate that Pheretima ingestion does not pose significant non-carcinogenic risks. However, certain individual samples exhibit an acceptable level of potential risks, particularly when considering that PCBs are recognized as endocrine disruptors and classified as probable carcinogens. These results contribute to the safety evaluation of traditional medicines and suggest the potential use of Pheretima as a bioindicator for PCB pollution. It is advisable to monitor UP-PCBs as indicator congeners and gather additional toxicological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the necessity and significance of constructing "Social and Health Studies of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHSTCM)" for developing the overseas traditional Chinese medicine practice. With the increasing attention and recognition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) globally, the overseas TCM practice also faces numerous challenges, including cultural differences, regulatory restrictions, medical insurance policies, qualification certification, and limited research resources. To compensate for the lack of research on the biomedical level in the overseas TCM practice and to find pathways suitable for its development conditions, this article proposes the concept of "SHSTCM" as a new interdisciplinary field. SHSTCM focuses on the application and development of TCM in non-biomedical fields such as social, cultural, and psychological aspects. By employing mixed-method research designs to study the practices and effects of TCM in the interdisciplinary fields of social and health sciences, it provides new possibilities and systematic support for the development of overseas TCM practice. The article also discusses the scope, research methods, significance, and value of SHSTCM proposes its development direction and challenges, and calls for strengthening research and practice in this field to inject new vitality and momentum into the sustainable development of the overseas TCM practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common orthopedic disease with a high disability rate. The clinical effect of BuShenHuoXue decoction (BSHX) for ONFH is satisfactory. We aimed to elucidate the potential angiogenic mechanisms of BSHX in a rat femoral osteonecrosis model and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods: With in vivo experiments, we established the steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) model using Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (8‐week‐old). The rats were randomly divided into five group of 12 rats each and given the corresponding interventions: control, model (gavaged with 0.9% saline), BSHX low‐, medium‐ and high‐dose groups (0.132 3, 0.264 6, and 0.529 2 g/mL BSHX solution by gavage). After 12 weeks, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was preformed to evaluate rat osteonecrosis. the expression of angiogenic factors (CD31, VEGFA, KDR, VWF) in rat femoral head was detected by immunohistochemistry, qPCR and western blotting. In cell experiment, BMSCs were isolated and cultured in the femoral bone marrow cavity of 4‐week‐old SD rats. BMSCs were randomly divided into eight groups and intervened with different doses of BSHX‐containing serum and glucocorticoids: control group (CG); BSHX low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose groups (CG + 0.661 5, 1.323, and 2.646 g/kg BSHX gavage rat serum); dexamethasone (Dex) group; and Dex + BSHX low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose groups (Dex + 0.661 5, 1.323, and 2.646 g/kg BSHX gavaged rat serum), the effects of BSHX‐containing serum on the angiogenic capacity of BMSCs were examined by qPCR and Western blotting. A co‐culture system of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) and BMSCs was then established. Migration and angiogenesis of RAOECs were observed using angiogenesis and transwell assay. Identification of potential targets of BSHX against ONFH was obtained using network pharmacology. Results: BSHX upregulated the expression of CD31, VEGFA, KDR, and VWF in rat femoral head samples and BMSCs (p < 0.05, vs. control group or model group). Different concentrations of BSHX‐containing serum significantly ameliorated the inhibition of CD31, VEGFA, KDR and VWF expression by high concentrations of Dex. BSHX‐containing serum‐induced BMSCs promoted the migration and angiogenesis of RAOECs, reversed to some extent the adverse effect of Dex on microangiogenesis in RAOECs, and increased the number of microangiogenic vessels. Furthermore, we identified VEGFA, COL1A1, COL3A1, and SPP1 as important targets of BSHX against ONFH. Conclusion: BSHX upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors in the femoral head tissue of ONFH model rats and promoted the angiogenic capacity of rat RAOECs and BMSCs. This study provides an important basis for the use of BSHX for ONFH prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a meticulous analysis of ancient Chinese literature, this study comprehensively documents the geographical distribution of Fuling, a traditional Chinese medicinal material, during the Tang, Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties spanning from the seventh to the twentieth century in China. Based on the contemporary distribution information of Fuling, we utilized the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to simulate the suitable distribution areas of Fuling under both present-day conditions and in the future (2081~2100). The findings reveal that climate change has influenced the distribution of Fuling production areas. The shifts in Fuling's origin during different periods in ancient and modern times align with climate fluctuations and concurrent societal development. During the Tang and Song dynasties, Fuling primarily originated in northern China. However, it migrated southward during the Little Ice Age (LIA) and has recently shown a slight northward shift, in line with the climate fluctuations of the LIA and contemporary global warming trends. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the changes in the distribution and production areas of Fuling over a 1500-year period, encompassing ancient, modern, and future periods. The results provide critical insights for adjusting Fuling cultivation areas in response to climate change and for further exploration of the mechanisms through which climate impacts the growth of Fuling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese traditional medicine, agarwood, is a commonly used medicine for regulating qi, which has many clinical applications because of its unique curative effect. In this study, Cite Space software was used to visually analyze the application and development trend of agarwood in the literature from CNKI website in the period of 2007 - 2022. The analysis results showed that the research on agarwood has basically formed core groups of authors, and universities and their affiliated hospitals are main publishing institutions. Moreover, in this study, several research directions of agarwood were also summarized, including clinical research, chemical composition, structural identification and quality standards, showing that agarwood has rich and flexible application prospects in many aspects. On this basis, several suggestions were put forward : strengthening the cooperation between universities and research institutes and building a scientific research cooperation community, and promoting the combination of clinical research and laboratory research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to thoroughly explore the cutting-edge trends, current status, and hotspots of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia (HUA) with a view to providing an innovative direction for the prevention and treatment of HUA with Chinese medicine in the future. Literatures related to the treatment of HUA with TCM published on China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang Data (Wanfang), and China Biological Literature Service Database (SinoMed) were searched. With bibliometrics as the theoretical support, the literatures were visualized and analyzed in depth for publication year trend, authors, institutions, and keywords with the help of CiteSpace 6.1.R3 and VOSviewer 1.6.R3. Results showed that the search yielded a total of 1,795 relevant documents, among them 1,782 documents were screened and included in the comprehensive study. The total number of authors with 10 or more publications was 9, among which Zhijian Lin was the most prolific author with 23 publications, and the total number of core authors was 164. The number of publications from universities is high, and the core institution is Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine with 61 publications. There was close cooperation among universities. The research hotspots about TCM treatment of hyperuricemia mainly focused on the cutting-edge scientific research areas such as data mining, molecular docking, and network pharmacology. The results suggested that research teams should strengthen academic exchanges and actively integrate traditional therapies of TCM with modern scientific and technological means to promote the modernization of TCM. In addition, in-depth exploration of innovative concepts involved in the literatures such as the integration of personalized medicine and precision drug design in the treatment of hyperuricemia found that they were expected to lead to a new trend in the future of TCM in the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a transnational network of advocates for Kampō (traditional) medicine in Japan, occupied China, and Manchukuo during the Sino-Japanese War (1931–1945), shedding new light on collaborationism, Asianism, and the modernization of traditional medicine in East Asia. In the 1930s, despite deteriorating Sino-Japanese relations, the Kampō revival movement in Japan joined forces with the struggle to preserve traditional medicine in China. In 1938, the Association of East Asian Medicine was founded in Japan, gathering together Chinese, Korean, and Japanese advocates under the banner of 'East Asian medicine'. This article delineates the evolution of what I call 'medical Asianism' and how it was institutionalized in different parts of the Japanese empire. Participants in this network differed in their priorities and ideological commitments, yet they tactfully utilized the Japanese imperial infrastructure and wartime circumstances to promote traditional medicine. Their work laid important intellectual and institutional foundations for the postwar development of traditional medicine across East Asia. This study also contributes to a more nuanced understandings of collaborationism. The type of collaboration examined in this article was preceded by a long history of intellectual exchange, based on a shared body of knowledge and morals, motivated by mutual empathy, and for a cause that was much valued in postwar Asia. As a result, unlike most Chinese collaborators who were prosecuted as 'traitors', protagonists in this study continued to prosper professionally and became valuable assets in the postwar rebuilding of Sino-Japanese relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics can break down into millions of microplastic (MPs, < 5 mm) particles in the soil and ocean. These MPs can then affect the function of the reproductive system. There is currently no effective solution to this problem aside from traditional Chinese medicine. We have previously used Yishen Tongluo formula (YSTL) to treat sperm DNA damage caused by some toxic substances. To investigate the mechanism underlying the repair of mouse sperm DNA fragmentation caused by polystyrene microplastics by YSTL. An animal model of polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP)-induced sperm DNA damage was replicated by gavage of SPF ICR (CD1) mice PS-MPs at 1 mg/d and treated with YSTL at 11.89, 23.78 and 47.56 g/kg, respectively, for 60 days. The Sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of each group was detected and compared. The target genes of YSTL identified by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The DFI of the PS group (20.66%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (4.23%). The medium and high doses of the YSTL group (12.8% and 11.31%) exhibited a significant repairing effect. The most enriched pathway was PI3K/Akt. TBL1X, SPARC, hnRNP0, Map7D1, Eps8 and Mrpl27 were screened and SPARC was validated. The precise mechanism by which YSTL inhibits PD-MPs DNA damage may be associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway and SPARC. It provides a new direction for using traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and repair reproductive system injury caused by MPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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LHQK is a patented Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which is clinically used for acute tracheobronchitis, cough, and other respiratory diseases. Recent studies have proved that LHQK exhibits excellent clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the corresponding mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of LHQK on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. The pathological examination, inflammatory cytokines assessments, and mucus secretion evaluation indicated that administration of LHQK ameliorated LPS-induced lung injury, and suppressed the secretion of Muc5AC and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in plasma and BALF. Furthermore, the results of cell-free DNA level showed that LHQK significantly inhibited LPS-induced NETs formation. Western blot revealed that LHQK effectively inhibited LPS-triggered pyroptosis in the lung. In addition, RNA-Seq data analysis, relatively bioinformatic analysis, and network pharmacology analysis revealed that LHQK and relative components may play multiple protective functions in LPS-induced ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by regulating multiple targets directly or indirectly related to NETs and pyroptosis. In conclusion, LHQK can effectively attenuate lung injury and reduce lung inflammation by inhibiting LPS-induced NETs formation and pyroptosis, which may be regulated directly or indirectly by active compounds of LHQK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional methods of producing Xiaochaihu (XCH) capsules, a traditional Chinese medicine, are time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive, which is not conductive to modernizing TCM. To address the challenges, new fluid-bed granulation and drying processes with water as the binder were developed and optimized guided by the principles of Quality by Design (QbD) in this study. Ishikawa diagram was applied to conduct a preliminary risk assessment, followed by 6-factor definitive screening design (DSD) serving as a QbD statistical tool to develop and optimize the new processes. Multiple potential factors and interactions were studied with a small number of experiments using the DSD. This study identified critical process parameters (CPPs), established quadratic regression models to reveal CPP-critical quality attributes (CQAs) connections within the DSD framework, and defined a dependable design space. Processes conducted by parameter combinations in the design space produced qualified granules with production yield and raw material utilization higher than 90% and moisture content lower than 4%. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of baicalin of all the granules ensured qualified contents of active pharmaceutical ingredient. The newly developed processes for XCH capsules, with advantages of shorter time, environmental friendliness, and decreased cost, exemplify the effective application of QbD and design of experiments (DoE) methodologies in the modernization of TCM manufacturing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portulaca oleracea (PO) is a commonly known medicinal crop that is an important ingredient for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its use as a vegetable in the diet. PO has been recorded to be frequently adulterated by other related species in the market of herbal plants, distorting the PO plant identity. Thus, identification of the botanical origin of PO is a crucial step before pharmaceutical or functional food application. In this research, a quick assay named "loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)" was built for the specific and sensitive authentication of PO DNA. On the basis of the divergences in the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence between PO and its adulterant species, the LAMP primers were designed and verified their specificity, sensitivity, and application for the PO DNA authentication. The detection limit of the LAMP assay for PO DNA identification specifically was 100 fg under isothermal conditions at 63 °C for 30 min. In addition, different heat-processed PO samples can be applied for use in PO authentication in the LAMP assay. These samples of PO were more susceptible to the effect of steaming in authentication by PCR than boiling and drying treatment. Furthermore, commercial PO samples pursued from herbal markets were used to display their applicability of the developed LAMP analysis for PO postharvest authentication, and the investigation found that approximately 68.4% of PO specimens in the marketplace of herbal remedies were adulterated. In summary, the specific, sensitive, and rapid LAMP assay for PO authentication was first successfully developed herein, and its practical application for the inspection of adulteration in PO samples from the herbal market was shown. This LAMP assay created in this study will be useful to authenticate the botanical origin of PO and its commercial products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the association between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy and the risk of pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: This population-based control study analyzed the data retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research database in Taiwan. From a cohort of 2 million records of the 2000-2018 period, 9,714 newly diagnosed patients with SLE were initially included. 532 patients with pneumonia and 532 patients without pneumonia were matched 1:1 based on age, sex, and year of SLE diagnosis using propensity score matching. The use of TCM therapy was considered from the SLE diagnosis date to the index date and the cumulative days of TCM therapy were used to calculate the dose effect. Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the risk of pneumonia infection. Furthermore, to explore the severity of pneumonia in SLE, sensitivity analyses were performed after stratification using the parameters of emergency room visit, admission time, and antibiotic use. Results: TCM therapy for >60 days could significantly reduce the risk of pneumonia in patients with SLE (95% CI = 0.46-0.91; p = 0.012). Stratified analysis showed that TCM use also reduced the risk of pneumonia in younger and female patients with SLE by 34% and 35%, respectively. TCM for >60 days significantly reduced the risk of pneumonia in the follow-up periods of >2, >3, >7, and >8 years. In addition, the exposure of TCM for >60 days reduced the risk of pneumonia in patients with SLE who were treated with antibiotics for moderate or severe pneumonia. Finally, the study found that using formulae to tonify the kidney for more than 90 days and formulae to activate blood circulation for less than 30 days could significantly reduce the risk of pneumonia infection in patients with SLE. Conclusion: TCM use is associated with a lower risk of pneumonia among patients with SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yiwei decoction (YWD) is a formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is clinically effective for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer recurrence and metastasis. According to the theory of TCM, YWD tonifies the body and strengthens the body's resistance to gastric cancer recurrence and metastasis potentially via the immune regulation of the spleen. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether YWD-treated spleen-derived exosomes in rats inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, to elucidate the anticancer effects of YWD, and to provide evidence supporting the use of YWD as a new clinical treatment for gastric cancer. Spleen-derived exosomes were obtained by ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blot analysis. The location of the exosomes in tumor cells was then determined by immunofluorescence staining. After tumor cells were treated with different concentrations of exosomes, the effect of exosomes on cell proliferation was determined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) and colony formation assays. Tumor cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Particle analysis and western blot analysis identified the material extracted from spleen tissue supernatant as exosomes. Immunofluorescence staining showed that spleen-derived exosomes were taken up by HGC-27 cells, and the CCK8 assay confirmed that the relative tumor inhibition rate of YWD-treated spleen-derived exosomes in the 30 µg/mL reached 70.78% compared to control exosomes in the 30 µg/mL (p < 0.05). Compared to control exosomes in the 30 µg/mL, the colony formation assay indicated that YWD-treated spleen-derived exosomes in the 30 µg/mL colonies have decreased by 99.03% (p < 0.01). Moreover, flow cytometry analysis showed that treatment with YWD-treated exosomes in the 30 µg/mL increased the apoptosis rate to 43.27%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group in the 30 µg/mL (25.91%) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, spleenderived exosomes from YWD-treated animals inhibit the proliferation of HGC-27 cells via inducing apoptosis, suggesting that spleen-derived exosomes are involved in mediating the antitumor effect of YWD. These results demonstrated a novel exosome-mediated anticancer effect of YWD as a TCM formula, thereby supporting the use of YWD-treated exosomes as a new approach for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesterol-coated nickel foam (NF) was prepared by coating with tetraethyl orthosilicate, functionalization with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and modification with cholesterol. The subsequent characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The cholesterol-coated NF was applied as the adsorbent for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the indigowoad leaves traditional Chinese medicine. The primary experimental parameters affecting extraction were investigated with analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The limits of detection were from 0.6 to 11.5 ng/mL and the relative standard deviations were from 0.84% to 9.8%. The recoveries were between 69.8% and 149.2%. The developed protocol was employed for the determination of PAHs in traditional Chinese medicines. The total mean concentrations of 16 PAHs, which are priority pollutants, were 1452.04 μg/kg. The most abundant component in indigowoad leaves was acenaphthene (198.23 μg/kg). The results demonstrated that the established method provided favorable performance and the cholesterol-coated NF adsorbent possessed high adsorption properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated thousands years of knowledge in herbal therapy, but the use of herbal formulas is still characterized by reliance on personal experience. Due to the complex mechanism of herbal actions, it is challenging to discover effective herbal formulas for diseases by integrating the traditional experiences and modern pharmacological mechanisms of multi-target interactions. In this study, we propose a herbal formula prediction approach (TCMFP) combined therapy experience of TCM, artificial intelligence and network science algorithms to screen optimal herbal formula for diseases efficiently, which integrates a herb score (Hscore) based on the importance of network targets, a pair score (Pscore) based on empirical learning and herbal formula predictive score (FmapScore) based on intelligent optimization and genetic algorithm. The validity of Hscore, Pscore and FmapScore was verified by functional similarity and network topological evaluation. Moreover, TCMFP was used successfully to generate herbal formulae for three diseases, i.e. the Alzheimer's disease, asthma and atherosclerosis. Functional enrichment and network analysis indicates the efficacy of targets for the predicted optimal herbal formula. The proposed TCMFP may provides a new strategy for the optimization of herbal formula, TCM herbs therapy and drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the leading diseases causing death and disability worldwide, and treatment options remain very limited. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years to treat ischemic stroke and has been proven to have significant efficacy, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. As research related to the brain-gutmicrobe axis progresses, there is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota plays an important role during AIS. The interaction between TCM and the gut microbiota has been suggested as a possible key link to the therapeutic effects of TCM. We have compiled and reviewed recent studies on the relationship between AIS, TCM, and gut microbiota, with the expectation of providing more ideas to elucidate the mechanism of action of TCM in the treatment of AIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia is an important public health problem. The currently available treatments for insomnia can cause some adverse effects. Orexin receptors 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R) are burgeoning targets for insomnia treatment. It is an effective approach to screening OX1R and OX2R antagonists from traditional Chinese medicine, which contains abundant and diverse chemical components. This study established an in-home ligand library of small-molecule compounds from medicinal plants with a definite hypnotic effect, as described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Molecular docking was applied to virtually screen potential orexin receptor antagonists using molecular operating environment software, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology was used to detect the binding affinity between potential active compounds and orexin receptors. Finally, the results of virtual screening and SPR analysis were verified through in vitro assays. We successfully screened one potential lead compound (neferine) as an orexin receptor antagonist from the in-home ligand library, which contained more than 1000 compounds. The screened compound was validated as a potential agent for insomnia treatment through comprehensive biological assays. This research enabled the discovery of a potential small-molecule antagonist of orexin receptors for the treatment of insomnia, providing a novel screening approach for the detection of potential candidate compounds for corresponding targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both Lonicerae japonicae flos and Lonicerae similis flos are important components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with precious medicinal value. However, the absence of studies on their chloroplast genomes and chromatography has considerably hindered the study of their evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of Lonicera acuminata Wall. and Lonicera similis Hemsl. were sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform and compared with that of Lonicera japonica Thunb., which has been previously reported. Furthermore, the chromatographic fingerprints of the three plants were constructed using HPLC and the content of quality marker (Q-Marker) was calculated. The annotation results showed that the two chloroplast genomes were typical quadripartite structures with lengths of 155,330 bp (L. acuminata) and 155,207 bp (L. similis). A total of 126 different genes were annotated, containing 82 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The expansion and contraction of the inverted repeat (IR) regions suggested that the boundary regions of IR/SC were comparatively conserved in the three species, and six regions (trnH-GUG-psbA, rps2-rpoC2, rbcL-psaI, trnN-GUU-ndhF, rps15-ycf1, and infA) with nucleotide diversity values (Pi) of variable sites higher than 1% were identified. Phylogenetic relation indicated that L. similis had a closer genetic relationship with L. japonica than L. acuminata. Additionally, the chromatographic fingerprints showed that the characteristic peaks of the three medicinal plants were similar, including Neochlorogenic acid, Chlorogenic acid, 4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, Sweroside, Secoxyloganin, Luteoloside, Isochlorogenic acid A, Isochlorogenic acid B, and Isochlorogenic acid C. The content of chlorogenic acid and total phenolic acid in L. acuminata (7.4633 ± 0.4461%, 14.8953 ± 0.0728%) and L. similis (14.1055 ± 0.2566%, 21.9782 ± 0.1331%) was much higher than that of L. japonica (3.9729 ± 0.0928%, 6.0964 ± 0.1228%), respectively. This study provides appropriate information for species identification, phylogeny, quality assessment, and rational use of three medicinal plants of the genus Lonicera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing all over the world. There is a great need for complementary or alternative therapies with high safety, few side effects, and precise efficacy to care for MDD. In China, acupuncture has significant laboratory data and clinical trials to demonstrate its antidepressant efficacy. However, there is no clear answer as to how it works. Exosomes are membranous vesicles that rely on cellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) fused to the cell membrane for release into the extracellular matrix. Almost all cell types are capable of producing and releasing exosomes. As a result, exosomes contain complex RNAs and proteins from their relatives (Cells that secretes exosomes). They can cross biological barriers and participate in biological activities, such as cell migration, angiogenesis, and immune regulation. These properties have made them a popular research topic. Some experts have suggested that exosomes may serve as delivery vehicles for acupuncture to work. This presents both an opportunity and a new challenge for improving the protocols of acupuncture as a treatment for MDD. To better define the relationship between MDD, exosomes, and acupuncture, we reviewed the literature from the last few years. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials and basic trials evaluating acupuncture in the treatment or prevention of MDD, the role of exosomes in the development and progression of MDD, and the role of exosomes in acupuncture. We believe that acupuncture may affect the distribution of exosomes in vivo, and exosomes may be a new carrier for acupuncture treatment of MDD in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chinese medicine usually acts as "multi-ingredients, multi-targets and multi-pathways" on complex diseases, and these action modes reflect the coordination and integrity of the treatment process with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). System pharmacology is developed based on the cross-disciplines of directional pharmacology, system biology, and mathematics, has the characteristics of integrity and synergy in the treatment process of TCM. Therefore, it is suitable for analyzing the key ingredients and mechanisms of TCM in treating complex diseases. Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the leading causes of death in China, with the characteristics of high mortality and disability rate. Bring a significant burden on people and society. An increasing number of studies have shown that Chinese medicine prescriptions have good advantages in the treatment of ICH, and Ditan Decoction (DTT) is one of the commonly used prescriptions in the treatment of ICH. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that DTT may play a therapeutic role in treating ICH by inhibiting brain inflammation, abnormal oxidative stress reaction and reducing neurological damage, but the specific key ingredients and mechanism are still unclear. Methods: To solve this problem, we established PPI network based on the latest pathogenic gene data of ICH, and CT network based on ingredient and target data of DTT. Subsequently, we established optimization space based on PPI network and CT network, and constructed a new model for node importance calculation, and proposed a calculation method for PES score, thus calculating the functional core ingredients group (FCIG). These core functional groups may represent DTT therapy for ICH. Results: Based on the strategy, 44 ingredients were predicted as FCIG, results showed that 80.44% of the FCIG targets enriched pathways were coincided with the enriched pathways of pathogenic genes. Both the literature and molecular docking results confirm the therapeutic effect of FCIG on ICH via targeting MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions: The FCIG obtained by our network pharmacology method can represent the effect of DTT in treating ICH. These results confirmed that our strategy of active ingredient group optimization and the mechanism inference could provide methodological reference for optimization and secondary development of TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the most internationally competitive industries. In the context of TCM modernization and internationalization, TCM-related research studies have entered a fast track of development. At the same time, research of TCM is also faced with challenges, such as matrix complexity, component diversity and low level of active components. As an interdisciplinary technology, molecular imprinting technology (MIT) has gained popularity in TCM study, owing to the produced molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) possessing the unique features of structure predictability, recognition specificity and application universality, as well as physical robustness, thermal stability, low cost and easy preparation. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent advances of MIT for TCM studies since 2017, focusing on two main aspects including extraction/separation and purification and detection of active components, and identification analysis of hazardous components. The fundamentals of MIT are briefly outlined and emerging preparation techniques for MIPs applied in TCM are highlighted, such as surface imprinting, nanoimprinting and multitemplate and multifunctional monomer imprinting. Then, applications of MIPs in common active components research including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides and polyphenols, etc. are respectively summarized, followed by screening and enantioseparation. Related identification detection of hazardous components from TCM itself, illegal addition, or pollution residues (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides) are discussed. Moreover, the applications of MIT in new formulation of TCM, chiral drug resolution and detection of growing environment are summarized. Finally, we propose some issues still to be solved and future research directions to be expected of MIT for TCM studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]